CN103392571B - A kind of watermelon cultivation substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of functional flowers and trees cultivation matrix, be made up of the composition of following component: earthworm excrement 40-50 part, organic fertile 10-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, peat 5-10 part, edible fungi residues 5-10 part, sustained release agent 3-5 part, plant growth inhibitor 0.0005-0.001 part, plant growth control agent 0.0005-0.001 part.The invention has the advantages that: earthworm movement and product thereof have coordinates the plant life factor such as supply vegetation water, fertilizer, gas, heat etc., Promoting plant growth, increase plant products and improve crop quality.

Description

A kind of watermelon cultivation substrate

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of watermelon cultivation substrate, specifically a kind of watermelon cultivation substrate integrating support plant root growth, coordinate the many Lifestyle factors of supply, alleviate the several functions such as continuous cropping obstacle and stubble-cleaning.

Background technology

Substrate culture refers to be fixed its root system by matrix and absorbs the plant cultivation method of nutrient solution and oxygen in certain place or container.According to statistics, the soilless culture form of 90% is all substrate culture in the world.Soilless culture substrate be can for plant provide stable coordinate water, gas, fertile structure somatomedin, it is except supporting, fixing except plant, the more important thing is the carrier serving as nutrient and moisture, make to be able to transfer from the nutrient of nutrient solution and moisture, root system of plant therefrom Selective absorber as required.Matrix is basis and the core of soilless culture.So the selection of matrix is the key of cultivation success or not.Various base Quality Research for soilless culture progressively become the comprehensive problem of the subject such as agronomy and horticulture.Along with deepening continuously of research, the early stage extensive various inorganic and organic substrate used shows its shortcomings and limitations gradually, novel functional organic culture substrate starts occur and in utilization, show good characteristic, becomes the developing direction of matrix research and development.

Cultivation matrix the most frequently used is at present the inorganic matrix such as vermiculite, perlite and rock wool mainly, and the organic substrate such as peat (also known as the peat composed of rotten mosses).The high water retention property of expanded vermiculite and laminated structure, make air in matrix and water balance coordinate, have fixed support plant simultaneously, provide plant nutrition, the multiple effect such as water conservation, fertilizer conservation and improvement matrix physical behavior.Many hollow billet spaces of its particle surface of perlite and ventilation space are that it keeps moisture and nutrient component to provide huge surface area, also provide the drain and ventilation condition that are very applicable to simultaneously.Rock wool quality is loose, permeability is good, is the cultivation matrix of many national extensive uses in the world today equally.Peat not only loose porous, there is good ventilating permeable and larger specific surface area, also there is abundant fiber content, stronger absorption and sequestering power strong, and higher ion exchange and salt balance control ability, also have the performance strengthening plant drought, disease-resistant, anti-low temperature, anti-salt marsh concurrently, be widely used especially.These matrix can be used alone, also can be used in combination according to certain ratio.

Although above matrix has many advantages, but there is its respective shortcoming.As Soilless culture need add nutrient solution, and the peat resource etc. that to be limited amount and short-term non-renewable.Since the later stage eighties in last century, American-European countries has issued and implemented relevant environmental regulation in succession, as forbidden, the discharge of nutrient solution is in order to avoid impurely descend or earth surface water source, forbids the exploitation etc. of mud and charcoal, impels soilless culture progressively to change to environment-friendly type, economical, poly-talented direction.

The deficiency of existing flowers and trees matrix on market: on market existing flowers and trees matrix often because causing the hardening of self and underlay soil, permeability is bad, nutrient balance is deteriorated, shock-absorbing capacity diminishes, be unfavorable for promoting seedling growth, even cause plant to show nutritional deficiency symptom and some other physiological disease time serious, affect the performance of substrate culture superiority.Owing to irrigating comparatively frequently, the various nutritive element of Medium Culture is easy to loss and enters surface water or underground water, contaminated environment.Most matrix after continued use, also can cause that microbial diversity declines, self-control with repair function weakens, harmful microorganism amount reproduction, cause plurality of plant diseases, endanger nursery stock normal growth.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of watermelon cultivation substrate integrating support plant root growth, coordinate the many Lifestyle factors of supply, alleviate the several functions such as continuous cropping obstacle and stubble-cleaning.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of watermelon cultivation substrate, and its innovative point is: be made up of the composition of following component:

Earthworm excrement 40-50 part, organic fertile 10-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, peat 5-10 part, edible fungi residues 5-10 part, sustained release agent 3-5 part, plant growth inhibitor 0.0005-0.001 part, plant growth control agent 0.0005-0.001 part.

The invention has the advantages that: earthworm, by the decomposition and inversion to organic substance, promotes the Nutrient Cycling such as carbon, nitrogen phosphate and sulfur, increase organic materials nutrient supply and by the improvement to its structure, coordination, meet the various requirement of plant growth better; Earthworm has surprising phagocytic activity, within its day, the amount of eating can reach the several times of its body weight, digestive tract can the multiple enzyme such as extracellular proteinase, lipase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase, and the decomposition of these enzymes to most organic waste has stronger biocatalysis; Organic substance ingested by earthworm after small part directly assimilated utilization, major part through in earthworm body grind with squeezing action after with graininess discharge, play the effect being similar to extruder grain, thus reach the object of physical modification; Simultaneously, in earthworm body cavity, microbe species is various, activity is very high, and the synergy between intestinal secretion thing accelerates organic decomposition and conversion, the earthworm excrement of generation has very strong adsorption capacity, can effectively remove or suppress the foul smell produced in organic materials composting process; In addition, earthworm metabolic activity also can produce large number of biological active substance, is conducive to promoting plant growth, strengthening crop resistance and improve crop quality.

Embodiment

Functional flowers and trees cultivation matrix in the present invention, is made up of the composition of following component:

Earthworm excrement 40-50 part, organic fertile 10-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, peat 5-10 part, edible fungi residues 5-10 part, sustained release agent 3-5 part, plant growth inhibitor 0.0005-0.001 part, plant growth control agent 0.0005-0.001 part.

Specific description is done for watermelon cultivation below in conjunction with form, table 1 is the impact of different seedling medium on watermelon seedlings form, table 2 is different seedling medium on the impact of watermelon seedlings biomass and seedling vigorous index, table 3 educates by different substrates watermelon seedlings and is transplanted to upgrowth situation on continuous cropping soil, table 4 is the impact of different culture media confrontation the yield of watermelon, table 5 is the impact of different planting on watermelon partial quality index, and table 6 is the basic physical and chemical of different disposal matrix.

T1, T2 wherein in form are the matrix of compounded by earthworm casts, and T3, T4 are the matrix that cow dung is composite, and T5, T6 are the composite matrix of peat, and CK is market matrix, and English lower case represents that between same column different disposal, difference reaches 5% significance level.

Data display as shown in Table 1, plant height, the stem of the watermelon plant of T2 process are thick, the number of blade is all maximum, is secondly T1, T4, T3, CK, T6 and T5 respectively.Can find out that the watermelon of earthworm excrement composite interstitial substance process, at plant height, stem, the thick and number of blade several index is all significantly higher than other several process by secondary, and between earthworm excrement matrix treatments, difference is little.

Data display as shown in Table 2, the watermelon total dry weight of T2, T1 process is significantly higher than other and respectively processes, and reaches 0.7016,0.6985 g respectively, secondly T4, T3, CK, T6, T5.Seedling vigorous index is for one of comparatively comprehensive index of the evaluation of watermelon seedlings quality, data as can be seen from table 2, and the watermelon seedlings seedling vigorous index that earthworm excrement, the matrix that cow dung is composite bring out is significantly higher than the process of market matrix, peat growing medium.

Data display as shown in Table 3, the climing length of plant master of T1, T2 process is the longest, reach 162.1,171.8 cm, be significantly higher than other respectively to process, the climing length of plant master of T5 process is the shortest, is only 92.2 cm, significantly respectively process lower than other, from death rate of the onset, do not use each process of earthworm excrement matrix, watermelon lethality is all more than 67.5%; And T1, T2 process containing earthworm excrement, lethality is only 27.5% and 22.5%, significantly respectively processes lower than other, other each matrix treatments of watermelon lethality average specific of compounded by earthworm casts matrix treatments low by 64, visible, compounded by earthworm casts matrix has fairly obvious effect to overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon.

Data display as shown in Table 4, the watermelon single fruit weight of T2 process is the highest, reaches 2.426 kg, is significantly higher than other and respectively processes, and is secondly T1, T4, T3, CK, T5, T6 process, and the watermelon single fruit weight of T5, T6 process is minimum, significantly respectively processes lower than other.Earthworm excrement matrix formulations can significantly improve the output of watermelon.

Data display as shown in Table 5, watermelon center pol, the limit pol of the process of earthworm excrement substrate seedling are all significantly higher than other and respectively process, wherein the watermelon center pol of 70% earthworm excrement matrix, 90% earthworm excrement matrix treatments is respectively 13.5%, 12.9%, and limit pol is 10.3%.The watermelon center pol of peat growing medium nursery process, limit pol are all remarkable respectively to be processed lower than other.

Data display as shown in Table 6, between the multinomial physicochemical property of T1, T2 and T5 process and CK matrix used, difference is less, T3 process unit weight is significantly higher than CK, and T4 process unit weight is significantly lower than CK, and the unit weight of all test matrix is all at scope (0.2 ~ 0.8 gcm that seedling medium is suitable ^-3) in, the total porosity of each process matrix is all significantly greater than CK, and the total porosity of all test matrix is all at optimum range more than 54%, water-holding capacity is greater than optimum range 150%, ventilating slit is between optimum range 10% ~ 50%, and wherein, T3 and T5 process meets the requirement that desirable cultivation matrix gas-water ratio is 1:1 most, the gas-water ratio of T1 and T2 is all too small, the gas-water ratio of T4 is excessive, the excessive or too small growth being all unfavorable for plant of gas-water ratio, and gas-water ratio is excessive, matrix ventilatory effect is good, but fertilizer-preserving ability is poor; Gas-water ratio is too small can cause anoxic in matrix again, be unfavorable for the growth of seedlings root, except the pH of CK process matrix is too low, the pH of other seedling mediums is 6.46 ~ 6.68, between culture matrix pH optimum range 5.8 ~ 7.0, the pH of earthworm excrement is about 6.8, is main matrix composition with earthworm excrement, can effectively control pH in scope.

table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6.

Claims (1)

1. a watermelon cultivation substrate, is characterized in that, comprises the composition of following component:

Earthworm excrement 40-50 part, organic fertile 10-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, peat 5-10 part, edible fungi residues 5-10 part, sustained release agent 3-5 part, plant growth inhibitor 0.0005-0.001 part, plant growth control agent 0.0005-0.001 part.