CN105393835A - Vegetable seedling substrate - Google Patents
Vegetable seedling substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN105393835A CN105393835A CN201510726935.2A CN201510726935A CN105393835A CN 105393835 A CN105393835 A CN 105393835A CN 201510726935 A CN201510726935 A CN 201510726935A CN 105393835 A CN105393835 A CN 105393835A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetable seedling substrate. A substrate raw material comprises, by weight, waste fungi bags, perlite, remote mountain humus soil, puffed cow dung, pine tree barks, and a Chinese medicine residue; the Chinese medicine residue is a mixture including pine needles, Radix stemonae, Eupatorium adenophora, Dendrobiumnobile, liquorices, and Codonopsispilosula, wherein the mixture is obtained through high-temperature aerobic fermentation processing. The three-phase equilibrium (solids, liquid, and air) optimum environment which can ensure growth and development of plant roots and is required by vegetables, can be established through the specific substrate raw material which has good physical and chemical properties by means of the optimum proportion; the soil is fertile and the cost is low by adoption of the remote mountain humus soil; the Chinese medicine residue including ample organic matters and ample inorganic matters, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium which are required by plant growth, can improve the fertilizer efficiency of the seedling substrate and can kill bacteria; vermiculite and the perlite can change the permeability and the volume-weight of the seedling substrate, can absorb effective constituents of the Chinese medicine residue, and can play the effect of sustained release.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable, particularly a kind of vegetable seedling substrate.
Background technology
Soilless culture, refers to the method for carrying out crop genetics and nursery without natural soil by matrix etc., is mainly used in gourd, fruit and vegetable or flower plants and nursery stock production, is the advanced culture technique of high yield and high quality that a water-saving economizes fertile saving of labor again.Substrate culture is a kind of mode that in soilless culture, popularizing area is maximum.It is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic by the root system of crop, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, and supply crop alimentary liquid.Current countries in the world great majority adopt gravel, sand, mud (grass) charcoal, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust etc. as fixing matrix.And generally acknowledge that comparatively ideal cultivation matrix is peat and rock wool in the world.But peat and rock wool are non-renewable resources.A large amount of exploitations is spoiled soil ecotope not only, and the natural resourcess such as peat also can be made to face exhausted danger.And peat nutrient is single, the growth being difficult to seedling provides necessary nutritive element, causes in nursery and cultivation, to cause that plant germination rate is low, difficulty of taking root, survival rate are low.In addition, also there is physical instability in peat growing medium, and water imbibition is poor, the defect such as in use easily to subside.When screening the matrix of Different Crop fertility demand, both can select single-matrix, also can form composite by a certain percentage for several matrix.Composite matrix is that the different matrix such as do as one likes matter, properity mix, and in moisture and fertilizer, trade-off effect is better than single-matrix.But the matrix of composite matrix apolegamy is different, the ratio of apolegamy is different, and the performance of composite matrix is also different, this will make different composite matrix also can be different to the nursery effect of crop.Based on above-mentioned situation, suitable matrix and suitable substrate composition should be chosen for Different Crop.At present; on market, vegetable seedling substrate proportioning is very chaotic; cause that matrix physicochemical property is bad, permeability is bad, preserve moisture and fertility ability etc.; thus cause seedlings root depauperation, plant is thin and weak, resistance is poor; had a strong impact on Quality of Seedlings, colleague also existence is not easy to the problems such as long-distance transport.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vegetable seedling substrate, matrix components proportioning is proper, physicochemical property is excellent, permeability good, preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong, the requirement of the oxygen needed for seedling, nutrition and moisture can be met, make seedling healthy and strong, improve the adaptability of vegetable seedling substrate, reduce seedling cost.
Vegetable seedling substrate of the present invention, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 15-25 part is given up bacterium bag, 5-12 part perlite, 5-12 part remote mountains humus soil, the expanded cow dung of 8-16 part, 6-16 part pine bark, 5-12 part Chinese medicine slag; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 0.5-3mm, and unit weight is 0.2-0.4g/m
3, total porosity is 70-97%, and gas-water ratio is 1:3-4, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.15-0.65mm, and conductance is 1.2-1.8ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.5-6.9;
Further, charing paddy 3-7 part, vermiculite 1-6 part and the wormcast for vermiculite double weight part is also comprised by weight;
Further, also comprise by weight containing selenium oil cake of flax seed 1-6 part, stalk 1-3 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
Further, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 20 parts of useless bacterium bags, 8 parts of perlites, 10 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 12 parts of expanded cow dungs, 14 parts of pine barks, 8 parts of Chinese medicine slags;
Further, carbonize paddy 5 parts, vermiculite 3 parts and be the wormcast of vermiculite double weight part;
Further, described is 3 parts, stalk 2 parts containing selenium oil cake of flax seed;
Further, described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof;
Further, the particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 1 ~ 5mm;
Further, the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed be fresh straw crushed after being dried become the powder of straw of 1-2mm to water permeable and covered with plastic film moisturizing to be deposited in environmental temperature be that 20-35 DEG C of area without shade fermentation all becomes brown-black to stalk and obtain.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: vegetable seedling substrate of the present invention, by select specific base starting material and with optimum proportioning allotment matrix physicochemical property, make it " three-phase equilibrium " (the solid, liquid, gas three-phase) set up needed for vegetables and ensure the suitable environment that plant root growth is grown, utilize remote mountains humus soil, soil property is fertile, cost is low, and the fertilizer efficiency utilizing the Chinese medicine slag containing abundant organic matter and inorganic matter and the nitrogen needed for plant growth, phosphorus, potassium to increase seedling medium also can sterilization; Vermiculite and perlite is utilized to change gas permeability and the unit weight of seedling medium, and utilize the active ingredient of vermiculite and perlite adsorbing Chinese medicine slag, play the effect of slowly-releasing, this matrix can keep enough moisture, there are enough porositys, so that draining keeps appropriate venting quality, the color due to matrix is black or dark brown, therefore has the feature that heat absorption capacity is strong; Quality is loosened, and beneficial bacterium content is high, and not containing the organism such as grass-seed and damage by disease and insect, salt content is extremely low, has suitable cation exchange capacity (CEC), and to maintain the supply of nutrient, and shock-absorbing capacity is good, does not affect germination of vegetable seeds; Seedling vigorous index and the photosynthetic capacity of vegetable seedling can be improved, nurturing staff; After carrying substrates field planting, rhizosphere environment can be improved, promote that vegetable root system is to the absorption of nutrient, improve yield of vegetables, output amplification is 30% ~ 50%, employing of the present invention vegetable seedling substrate of the present invention is emerged neat soon, damage by disease and insect occurs less, between nursery stage, from being seeded into seedling three leaf wholeheartedly, generally do not need supplementary nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, between whole nursery stage, do not need a large amount of microelement-supplementing yet.
Embodiment
The vegetable seedling substrate of the present embodiment, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 15-25 part is given up bacterium bag, 5-12 part perlite, 5-12 part remote mountains humus soil, the expanded cow dung of 8-16 part, 6-16 part pine bark, 5-12 part Chinese medicine slag; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 0.5-3mm, and unit weight is 0.2-0.4g/m
3, total porosity is 70-97%, and gas-water ratio is 1:3-4, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.15-0.65mm, and conductance is 1.2-1.8ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.5-6.9;
In the present embodiment, also comprise charing paddy 3-7 part, vermiculite 1-6 part and the wormcast for vermiculite double weight part by weight;
In the present embodiment, also comprise containing selenium oil cake of flax seed 1-6 part, stalk 1-3 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed by weight;
In the present embodiment, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 20 parts of useless bacterium bags, 8 parts of perlites, 10 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 12 parts of expanded cow dungs, 14 parts of pine barks, 8 parts of Chinese medicine slags;
In the present embodiment, charing paddy 5 parts, vermiculite 3 parts and be the wormcast of vermiculite double weight part;
In the present embodiment, described containing selenium oil cake of flax seed be 3 parts, become thoroughly decomposed stalk 2 parts;
In the present embodiment, described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof;
In the present embodiment, the particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 1 ~ 5mm;
In the present embodiment, the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed be fresh straw crushed after being dried become the powder of straw of 1-2mm to water permeable and covered with plastic film moisturizing to be deposited in environmental temperature be that 20-35 DEG C of area without shade fermentation all becomes brown-black to stalk and obtain.
Embodiment one
The vegetable seedling substrate of the present embodiment, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 20 parts of useless bacterium bags, 8 parts of perlites, 10 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 12 parts of expanded cow dungs, 14 parts of pine barks, 8 parts of Chinese medicine slags; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 1.5mm, and unit weight is 0.3g/m3, and total porosity is 90%, and gas-water ratio is 1:3.5, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.5, and conductance is 1.6ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.5.
In the present embodiment, described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof; The particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 3mm.
Embodiment two
15 parts of useless bacterium bags, 5 parts of perlites, 5 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 8 parts of expanded cow dungs, 6 parts of pine barks, 5 parts of Chinese medicine slags; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 0.5mm, and unit weight is 0.2g/m
3, total porosity is 70%, and gas-water ratio is 1:3, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.15-0.65mm, and conductance is 1.2ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.5;
In the present embodiment, described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof; The particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 3mm.
Embodiment three
The vegetable seedling substrate of the present embodiment, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 25 parts of useless bacterium bags, 12 parts of perlites, 12 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 16 parts of expanded cow dungs, 16 parts of pine barks, 12 parts of Chinese medicine slags; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 3mm, and unit weight is 0.4g/m
3, total porosity is 97%, and gas-water ratio is 1:4, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.65mm, and conductance is 1.8ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.9; In the present embodiment, described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof; The particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 4mm.
Embodiment four
The vegetable seedling substrate of the present embodiment, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 25 parts of useless bacterium bags, 12 parts of perlites, 12 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 16 parts of expanded cow dungs, 16 parts of pine barks, 12 parts of Chinese medicine slags, charing paddy 7 parts, vermiculite 6 parts and the wormcasts for vermiculite double weight part; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 3mm, and unit weight is 0.2g/m
3, total porosity is 89%, and gas-water ratio is 1:4, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.45mm, and conductance is 1.4ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.5;
Described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof; The particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 5mm.
Embodiment five
The vegetable seedling substrate of the present embodiment, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 15 parts of useless bacterium bags, 5 parts of perlites, 5 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 8 parts of expanded cow dungs, 6 parts of pine barks, 5 parts of Chinese medicine slags, charing paddy 3 parts, vermiculite 1 part and the wormcasts for vermiculite double weight part; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 1.5mm, and unit weight is 0.3g/m3, and total porosity is 90%, and gas-water ratio is 1:3, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.15mm, and conductance is 1.2ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.5;
Described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof; The particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 1mm.
Embodiment six
The vegetable seedling substrate of the present embodiment, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 20 parts of useless bacterium bags, 8 parts of perlites, 10 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 12 parts of expanded cow dungs, 14 parts of pine barks, 8 parts of Chinese medicine slags, charing paddy 5 parts, vermiculite 3 parts and the wormcasts for vermiculite double weight part; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 3mm, and unit weight is 0.4g/m
3, total porosity is 97%, and gas-water ratio is 1:4, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.65mm, and conductance is 1.8ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.9;
Described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof; The particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 5mm.
Embodiment seven
The vegetable seedling substrate of the present embodiment, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 15 parts of useless bacterium bags, 5 parts of perlites, 5 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 8 parts of expanded cow dungs, 6 parts of pine barks, 5 parts of Chinese medicine slags, charing paddy 3 parts, vermiculites 1 part and for vermiculite double weight part wormcast, containing selenium oil cake of flax seed 1 part, become thoroughly decomposed stalk 1 part; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 3mm, and unit weight is 0.2g/m
3, total porosity is 92%, and gas-water ratio is 1:3, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.65mm, and conductance is 1.8ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.9; Described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof; The particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 1mm; The stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed be fresh straw crushed after being dried become the powder of straw of 1mm to water permeable and covered with plastic film moisturizing to be deposited in environmental temperature be that 20 DEG C of area without shade fermentations all become brown-black to stalk and obtain.
Embodiment eight
The vegetable seedling substrate of the present embodiment, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 25 parts of useless bacterium bags, 12 parts of perlites, 12 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 16 parts of expanded cow dungs, 16 parts of pine barks, 12 parts of Chinese medicine slags, charing paddy 7 parts, vermiculites 6 parts and for vermiculite double weight part wormcast, containing selenium oil cake of flax seed 6 parts, become thoroughly decomposed stalk 3 parts; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 3mm, and unit weight is 0.2-0.4g/m
3, total porosity is 97%, and gas-water ratio is 1:4, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.65mm, and conductance is 1.8ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.9; Described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof; The particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 5mm; The stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed be fresh straw crushed after being dried become the powder of straw of 2mm to water permeable and covered with plastic film moisturizing to be deposited in environmental temperature be that 35 DEG C of area without shade fermentations all become brown-black to stalk and obtain.
Embodiment nine
The vegetable seedling substrate of the present embodiment, described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 20 parts of useless bacterium bags, 8 parts of perlites, 10 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 12 parts of expanded cow dungs, 14 parts of pine barks, 8 parts of Chinese medicine slags, charing paddy 5 parts, vermiculites 3 parts and be 3 parts, stalk 2 parts for the wormcast of vermiculite double weight part, containing selenium oil cake of flax seed; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 2mm, and unit weight is 0.3g/m
3, total porosity is 97%, and gas-water ratio is 1:3, and water holding aperture diameter is 0.65mm, and conductance is 1.2ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.5; Described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof; The particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 3mm; The stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed be fresh straw crushed after being dried become the powder of straw of 2mm to water permeable and covered with plastic film moisturizing to be deposited in environmental temperature be that 28 DEG C of area without shade fermentations all become brown-black to stalk and obtain.
Use: embodiment 1 cultivates cucumber seedling, and embodiment 4 cultivates Lettuce, and embodiment 7 cultivates tomato, and cultivate 7 days with seedling-cultivating tray in booth after, with turfy soil matrix, traditional farmers' fertilizer ground substance contrasts, and effect is as follows:
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a vegetable seedling substrate, is characterized in that: described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 15-25 part is given up bacterium bag, 5-12 part perlite, 5-12 part remote mountains humus soil, the expanded cow dung of 8-16 part, 6-16 part pine bark, 5-12 part Chinese medicine slag; Described Chinese medicine slag be pine needle, the tuber of stemona, Eupatorium adenophorum, the stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Codonopsis mixture and through high-temperature aerobic fermentation process; Described matrix particle diameter is 0.5-3mm, and unit weight is 0.2-0.4g/m
3, total porosity is 70-97%, and gas-water ratio is 1:3-4, water holding aperture diameter 0.15-0.65mm, and conductance is 1.2-1.8ms/cm, and acid-base value is 6.5-6.9.
2. vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise charing paddy 3-7 part, vermiculite 1-6 part and the wormcast for vermiculite double weight part by weight.
3. vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise by weight containing selenium oil cake of flax seed 1-6 part, stalk 1-3 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
4. vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described base starting material comprises following component by weight: 20 parts of useless bacterium bags, 8 parts of perlites, 10 parts of remote mountains humus soil, 12 parts of expanded cow dungs, 14 parts of pine barks, 8 parts of Chinese medicine slags.
5. vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 2, is characterized in that: charing paddy 5 parts, vermiculite 3 parts and the wormcast for vermiculite double weight part.
6. vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described is 3 parts, stalk 2 parts containing selenium oil cake of flax seed.
7. vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described useless bacterium bag is edible fungi leftovers, discarded culture medium of edible fungus material and combination thereof.
8. vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described edible fungi residue is 1 ~ 5mm.
9. vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed be fresh straw crushed after being dried become the powder of straw of 1-2mm to water permeable and covered with plastic film moisturizing to be deposited in environmental temperature be that 20-35 DEG C of area without shade fermentation all becomes brown-black to stalk and obtain.
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