CN105493944A - Blueberry seedling tending substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a blueberry seedling tending substrate comprising raw materials in parts by volume as follows: 400-500 parts of a sawdust and cow dung mixed fermented substance, 150-200 parts of turf, 70-100 parts of perlite, 30-50 parts of vermiculite, 200-300 parts of brown soil, 0.1-0.2 parts of dazomet, 0.1-0.2 parts of sulfur powder, 0.1-0.3 parts of trichoderma and 1.5-2.5 parts of controlled-release fertilizer. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the blueberry seedling tending substrate. The method comprises steps as follows: (1) mixing the sawdust and cow dung mixed fermented substance, the turf, the perlite, the vermiculite and the brown soil in proportion; (2) adding the dazomet to the substrate, evenly mixing the mixture, performing closed fumigation, performing ventilation for loosening the substrate after sterilization, and performing sufficient ventilation; (3) adding the sulfur powder and adjusting the pH value of the substrate to range from 4.5 to 4.8; (4) adding the trichoderma and the controlled-release fertilizer and evenly mixing the substrate before the substrate is placed in a bowl. The physical and chemical properties of the screened compound substrate meet the blueberry growth requirement, plants are strong and have few pest and disease damage, and the whole character is excellent.

Description

A kind of blueberry seedling tending substrate and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling tending substrates, in particular to a blueberry seedling tending substrate and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Blueberry (blueberry) belongs to Rhododendron (Ericaceae) Vaccinium (Vaccinium) plant, is perennial deciduous or evergreen shrub. It has the unique effects of preventing brain nerve aging, enhancing heart function, preventing visual fatigue, and preventing and fighting cancer. It is one of the five healthy fruits recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. As a new fruit tree, blueberry has huge economic benefits and development space. The breeding of blueberry seedlings is mostly based on container seedling cultivation, and it is necessary to raise them in containers for 1 to 3 years until the seedlings reach a certain size before planting. The use of containers to cultivate blueberry seedlings plays an important role in improving the survival rate of blueberry planting and implementing early harvest of blueberry.

The growth of blueberry seedlings has strict requirements on the pH value of the tending substrate, which requires a pH value of 4.0 to 5.5; at the same time, it has high requirements on permeability and water retention; seedling growth requires continuous nutrient supply under low fertilization intensity. However, blueberry seedlings grow in containers for a long time, and the physical and chemical properties and nutrient supply capacity of the nutrient soil in the container will cause certain restrictions on the growth and distribution of the root system. Therefore, a substrate that is light in weight, good in shape and can meet the growth needs of blueberry seedlings is very necessary.

At present, the conventional blueberry seedling tending is mostly based on the soil, adding a certain amount of organic materials to prepare the substrate, and watering and fertilizing through spray irrigation, which will easily lead to the compact structure of the seedling soil, causing physiological root rot or causing seedlings to grow Bad; At the same time, the overweight seedling soil lump also increases the transportation cost.

It is a common method to use peat as the main material to make seedling substrate. However, the peat in my country is dominated by low-grade herbaceous peat, and the reserves of high-quality moss peat are very small; the bare peat land in my country is mainly distributed in the mountainous plains in the northeast and the plateau in the northwest and southwest. In recent years, a large amount of peat has been mined and exported, which has caused this natural resource to be on the verge of depletion, resulting in a serious deterioration of the wetland ecological environment. The pressure to limit the use of peat is increasing, and the development of substitutes for peat is becoming more and more important.

In recent years, localized seedling substrates have been actively developed in various places. Sawdust, cow dung, vinegar grains, coconut peat, cassava residue, mushroom residue, etc. have all been used in seedling cultivation. When screening substrates for different crop growth needs, a single substrate can be selected, or several substrates can be compounded in a certain proportion. The compound substrate is a mixture of substrates with different properties, structures, and performances, and its coordination effect in terms of water and fertilizer is better than that of a single substrate. However, the selected substrates of the compound substrates are different, the proportions of the selection are different, and the properties of the compound substrates are also different, which will make the effects of different compound substrates on crop seedlings also different. Based on the above situation, suitable substrates and suitable substrate ratios should be selected for different crops.

Trichoderma harzianum can prevent plant root diseases caused by pathogens such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium, and Rhizopus niger. It grows around the roots of plants and forms a "protective shield" to prevent the infection of root pathogenic fungi. And can produce compounds that stimulate plant growth and induce plant defense responses, improve the microenvironment of the root system, enhance plant growth and disease resistance, and increase crop yield and income. Adding beneficial bacteria to the vegetable seedling substrate has a greater effect on cultivating disease-free and strong seedlings. At present, matrix seedlings have been widely used in vegetable production and have achieved huge economic benefits, but there are few studies on blueberry seedling tending substrates, especially blueberry seedling tending substrates added with biocontrol bacteria.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a blueberry seedling tending substrate and a preparation method thereof. The blueberry seedling rearing substrate of the invention has the advantages of convenient materials and low cost, can promote the growth of blueberries, and cultivate disease-free and strong blueberry seedlings.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A blueberry seedling rearing substrate, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 400-500 parts of mixed fermentation product of sawdust and cow dung, 150-200 parts of peat, 70-100 parts of perlite, 30-50 parts of vermiculite, and brown loam 200-300 parts, cotton 0.1-0.2 parts, sulfur powder 0.1-0.2 parts, Trichoderma 0.1-0.3 parts, controlled-release fertilizer 1.5-2.5 parts.

Preferably, the substrate for raising blueberry seedlings is composed of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 450 parts of mixed fermentation product of sawdust and cow dung, 150 parts of peat, 100 parts of perlite, 50 parts of vermiculite, 250 parts of brown loam, 0.16 parts of cotton long, 0.13 parts of sulfur powder, 0.2 parts of Trichoderma, 1.8 parts of controlled release fertilizer.

Preferably, the substrate for raising blueberry seedlings is composed of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 500 parts of sawdust and cow dung mixed fermentation product, 150 parts of peat, 100 parts of perlite, 50 parts of vermiculite, and 200 parts of brown loam , 0.15 parts of cotton long, 0.12 parts of sulfur powder, 0.15 parts of Trichoderma, 2.0 parts of controlled release fertilizer.

Preferably, the sawdust is softwood sawdust.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the blueberry seedling tending substrate, which comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) Mix sawdust with cow dung, peat, perlite, vermiculite, and brown loam according to the stated ratio to obtain a mixed substrate.

(2) Fumigation and disinfection: add cotton wool to the mixed matrix and mix evenly, cover with an airtight plastic film for airtight fumigation, after the disinfection is completed, remove the film to ventilate and loosen the matrix, and fully ventilate.

(3) Add sulfur powder to the fumigated mixed matrix to adjust the pH value of the matrix to 4.5-4.8.

(4) Adding Trichoderma and controlled-release fertilizer in said ratio and mixing before potting, to obtain the blueberry seedling rearing substrate.

Preferably, the preparation method of the mixed fermentation product of sawdust and cow dung: mix sawdust and cow dung in a ratio of 2 to 3:1, adjust the water content to 60% to 65%, and then add 2kg of decomposing agent per square meter of sawdust, After mixing, carry out aerobic composting and fermentation. The temperature reaches 42 ℃ ~ 45 ℃ for the first turning over. After the temperature reaches above 55 ℃, turn over the compost every 3 to 5 days, and turn the compost 3 to 4 times continuously until fermentation After the temperature of the heap begins to drop, turn it over every 7 to 10 days. After the natural cooling of the heap is close to the outside temperature, a mixed fermentation product of sawdust and cow dung is produced.

Preferably, in the step (2), the airtight plastic film is covered with airtight fumigation for 15-20 days, the film is removed for ventilation and the matrix is loosened for 2-3 times, and the ventilation is sufficient for more than 10 days.

Preferably, the sawdust is softwood sawdust.

Preferably, the Trichoderma is not less than 300 million cfu/g Trichoderma harzianum.

Preferably, the controlled-release fertilizer is a coated controlled-release fertilizer with a controlled-release period of 9 months and an NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O ratio of 19-9-11.

Substrate has some functions similar to soil, including fixation, water holding, aeration, buffering and providing some nutrients, while chemical fertilizers only refer to substances that can provide nutrients for plants.

The mixed fermentation product of sawdust and cow dung is the main component of the blueberry seedling rearing substrate, accounting for the largest proportion in the substrate, which plays the role of fixing plants, stabilizing the pH of the substrate, and providing nutrients for the seedlings. On the one hand, the use of coniferous wood sawdust can maintain the pH value of the substrate in a low range, which is conducive to the growth of blueberry seedlings; Insect eggs, weed seeds, etc., the initial turning frequency of the mixed fermentation product of sawdust and cow dung is relatively high, which can fully ferment the substrate for many times, and effectively preserve the nutrients in the cow dung, and fully play a role in the substrate. The role of disinfection and sterilization. In the later stage of fermentation, reducing the frequency of compost turning helps to form a relatively stable and decomposed matrix component. At the same time, because coniferous wood contains terpenoid organic substances such as pinene and abietic acid, which have antagonistic effect on fungi, it can reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of blueberry seedlings. Therefore, the mixed fermentation product of sawdust and cow dung as the main matrix component can stabilize the growth of blueberry seedlings. The environment plays a role of sterilization and disinfection for the growth of seedlings, which is conducive to the cultivation of disease-free blueberry seedlings.

Blueberry is an oligotrophic plant. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the plant is very low. The roots are mostly fibrous roots, and the main root is not obvious. This application uses sawdust and cow dung mixed fermentation products, peat, perlite, vermiculite, brown loam, and controlled-release fertilizers. The organic matter accounts for 15-25%, and the total nutrient content is 2-2.5%, which can sustainably and slowly grow blueberries. The seedlings provide the normal nutrients they need, and the seedlings will not be damaged or even the whole plant will die due to excessive nutrients. At the same time, blueberries require a certain acidity and alkalinity for the substrate itself. The pH value of perlite, vermiculite and brown loam is lower than that of common substrates such as slag and river sand, and the buffering capacity of the system after mixing , which is conducive to stabilizing the pH value of the substrate in the later stage; secondly, perlite and vermiculite have high porosity and strong ventilation and drainage capabilities. After being used together, the total porosity of the substrate can reach 60-70%, which is beneficial to blueberry seedlings rooting, reduce the bulk density of the substrate, and reduce the transportation cost of the enterprise.

Trichoderma can prevent and control soil-borne diseases of plants, but the pH value of the substrate has a more obvious effect on the growth of Trichoderma mycelium and the formation of spores. Generally speaking, the growth rate of mycelium is the fastest in the range of pH 5-7.5. When the pH is lower than 4.5, the growth of mycelium is obviously slowed down. The decomposition of organic matter, root secretion, microbial influence, etc., will slightly increase the pH value of the substrate. Therefore, the pH value of the substrate at the initial stage of cultivation will be set on the low side, which is also slightly lower than the suitable growth conditions for Trichoderma. However, it was found through the implementation process that adding sulfur powder to adjust the pH of the substrate had little effect on the growth of Trichoderma, and the compatibility between the two was good. The rooting process of blueberries is very susceptible to fungal infection, and the seedlings are perishable. The addition of Trichoderma and the synergistic effect of conifer sawdust in the substrate can significantly inhibit the fungi at the roots of blueberry seedlings, greatly improving the growth rate of blueberry seedlings. survival rate.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The blueberry seedling tending substrate of the present invention has a bulk density of 0.4 to 0.6 g/cm ³ , a total porosity of 60% to 70%, an organic matter of 15% to 25%, a pH value of 4.5 to 4.8, and contains Trichoderma cfu>1× per gram 10 ⁵ , the total nutrient content is 2% to 2.5%, and the continuous fertilization period can reach more than 6 months.

(2) The present invention utilizes sawdust and cow dung mixed fermented product, peat and brown loam to prepare blueberry seedling tending substrate, which can improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, reduce adverse reactions of a single substrate, promote the growth of blueberries, and reduce the use of peat The quantity can reduce the production cost under the premise of ensuring the quality of blueberry seedlings. The source of raw materials is wide, the price is low, and resources are saved. The resource utilization of sawdust and cow dung is realized, and the dependence on peat substrate is also reduced, which eases the exploitation of peat. The pressure and the resulting environmental pressure have obvious social benefits, economic benefits and environmental ecological benefits. This lays the foundation for the popularization and application of the present invention.

(3) Because the matrix after fumigation will be in a biological vacuum state, there is a dangerous period of two months, and it is very easy to be invaded again by germs. The present invention effectively avoids the problem by adjusting the pH value after fumigation and adding Trichoderma. The invasion of pathogens in the dangerous period, and because of the good compatibility between Trichoderma and sulfur powder, will not affect each other, greatly improving the survival rate of blueberry seedlings.

(4) The matrix bulk density of the present invention is low, reduces transportation cost, adopts composite material to be able to improve the physical and chemical properties of blueberry tending seedling matrix, reduces the untoward reaction of single matrix, eliminates the weed seed, germ, worm egg etc. carried in the matrix, alleviates Seedling disease, adding bio-control bacteria is conducive to the cultivation of disease-free blueberry seedlings and promotes the growth of blueberries. Compared with the current traditional blueberry seedling tending, the physical and chemical properties of the composite matrix screened by the invention can meet the growth requirements of blueberries and make the plants grow Consistent, strong plants, less pests and diseases, excellent overall traits, high comprehensive evaluation index of plant morphology indicators.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described.

The Trichoderma described below was purchased from Beijing Byward Biotechnology Co., Ltd., batch number: 20130410.

Example 1

A blueberry seedling rearing substrate, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 400 parts of conifer sawdust and cow dung mixed fermentation product, 200 parts of peat, 70 parts of perlite, 30 parts of vermiculite, 300 parts of brown loam, and 0.18 parts of cotton long 0.15 parts of sulfur powder, 0.22 parts of Trichoderma, 2.1 parts of controlled release fertilizer.

A kind of preparation method of blueberry seedling tending substrate, it comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) Preparation of mixed fermented product of coniferous wood sawdust and cow dung: mix coniferous wood sawdust and cow dung in a ratio of 2:1, adjust the water content to 60% to 65%, and then add 2kg decomposing agent per square meter of coniferous wood sawdust , after mixing, carry out aerobic composting and fermentation, turn the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 42°C-45°C, turn the pile once every 3-5 days after the temperature reaches above 55°C, and turn the pile 3-4 times continuously until After the temperature of the fermentation heap begins to drop, it will be turned every 7 to 10 days thereafter. After the natural cooling of the heap is close to the outside temperature, the mixed fermented product of coniferous wood sawdust and cow dung is obtained.

(2) The sawdust is mixed with cow dung mixed fermented product, peat, perlite, vermiculite, and brown loam according to the stated ratio to obtain a mixed substrate.

(3) Add cotton wool to the mixed matrix and mix well, cover with an airtight plastic film and fumigate for 15-20 days, after the disinfection is completed, remove the film to ventilate and loosen the matrix for 2-3 times, and fully ventilate for more than 10 days .

(4) Add sulfur powder to the fumigated mixed matrix to adjust the pH value of the matrix to 4.5-4.8.

(5) Add the Trichoderma and controlled-release fertilizer in the stated ratio and mix before filling the pot to obtain the blueberry seedling rearing substrate.

Example 2

A kind of blueberry seedling tending substrate, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 450 parts of conifer sawdust and cow dung mixed fermentation product, 150 parts of peat, 100 parts of perlite, 50 parts of vermiculite, 250 parts of brown loam, and 0.16 parts of cotton long part, 0.13 part of sulfur powder, 0.2 part of Trichoderma, 1.8 part of controlled-release fertilizer.

A kind of preparation method of blueberry seedling tending substrate, it comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) Preparation of mixed fermented product of coniferous wood sawdust and cow dung: mix coniferous wood sawdust and cow dung in a ratio of 3:1, adjust the water content to 60% to 65%, and then add 2kg of decomposing agent per square meter of coniferous wood sawdust , after mixing, carry out aerobic composting and fermentation, turn the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 42°C-45°C, turn the pile once every 3-5 days after the temperature reaches above 55°C, and turn the pile 3-4 times continuously until After the temperature of the fermentation heap begins to drop, it will be turned every 7 to 10 days thereafter. After the natural cooling of the heap is close to the outside temperature, the mixed fermented product of coniferous wood sawdust and cow dung is obtained.

(2) The sawdust is mixed with cow dung mixed fermented product, peat, perlite, vermiculite, and brown loam according to the stated ratio to obtain a mixed substrate.

(3) Add cotton wool to the mixed matrix and mix well, cover with an airtight plastic film and fumigate for 15-20 days, after the disinfection is completed, remove the film to ventilate and loosen the matrix for 2-3 times, and fully ventilate for more than 10 days .

(4) Add sulfur powder to the fumigated mixed matrix to adjust the pH value of the matrix to 4.5-4.8.

(5) Add the Trichoderma and controlled-release fertilizer in the stated ratio and mix before filling the pot to obtain the blueberry seedling rearing substrate.

Example 3

It consists of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 500 parts of sawdust and cow dung mixed fermentation product, 150 parts of peat, 100 parts of perlite, 50 parts of vermiculite, 200 parts of sandy brown loam, 0.15 parts of cotton long, 0.12 parts of sulfur powder, Trichoderma 0.15 parts, controlled release fertilizer 2.0 parts.

A kind of preparation method of blueberry seedling tending substrate, it comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) Preparation of mixed fermented product of coniferous wood sawdust and cow dung: mix coniferous wood sawdust and cow dung at a ratio of 2.5:1, adjust the water content to 60% to 65%, and then add 2kg of decomposing agent per square meter of coniferous wood sawdust , after mixing, carry out aerobic composting and fermentation, turn the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 42°C-45°C, turn the pile once every 3-5 days after the temperature reaches above 55°C, and turn the pile 3-4 times continuously until After the temperature of the fermentation heap begins to drop, it will be turned every 7 to 10 days thereafter. After the natural cooling of the heap is close to the outside temperature, the mixed fermented product of coniferous wood sawdust and cow dung is obtained.

(2) The sawdust is mixed with cow dung mixed fermented product, peat, perlite, vermiculite, and brown loam according to the stated ratio to obtain a mixed substrate.

(3) Add cotton wool to the mixed matrix and mix well, cover with an airtight plastic film and fumigate for 15-20 days, after the disinfection is completed, remove the film to ventilate and loosen the matrix for 2-3 times, and fully ventilate for more than 10 days .

(4) Add sulfur powder to the fumigated mixed matrix to adjust the pH value of the matrix to 4.5-4.8.

(5) Add the Trichoderma and controlled-release fertilizer in the stated ratio and mix before filling the pot to obtain the blueberry seedling rearing substrate.

Control (CK)

Mix brown loam soil and peat at a volume ratio of 2:1, and add sulfur powder according to the soil pH value measurement results to make the soil pH value between 4.5 and 4.8 to obtain peat and blueberry seedling tending substrate.

Example Description:

1. Changes in the pH value of the rearing substrate for blueberry seedlings mixed with different sawdust.

In 2013, at the Panjiazhuang base in Huangdao District, the pH value of the blueberry seedling rearing substrate was changed by different sawdust material additives. The method was: using sandy brown loam, sawdust and peat as the main raw materials, and using dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value of the substrate soil to 4.5 . The amount of peat is constant at 20% of the volume, and the amount of sandy brown loam is adjusted according to the amount of sawdust. Table 1 shows the pH value changes of different sawdust mixed blueberry seedling rearing substrates.

Table 1 Changes in pH value of blueberry seedling rearing substrate mixed with different sawdust

It can be seen from the results that when the conifer sawdust accounted for 40%, the substrate pH value increased by -0.1, 0, 0.2 at 30 days, 90 days, and 150 days after planting seedlings, and had little effect on the substrate pH value. When the broad-leaved wood sawdust accounted for 40%, the pH value of the substrate increased by 0.2, 0.4, and 0.9 at 30 days, 90 days, and 150 days after planting seedlings, and the pH value of the substrate reached 5.6 after 150 days, which has exceeded the pH value of 4, which is suitable for blueberry growth. ~5.5 range. It shows that the choice of coniferous wood sawdust as substrate material for blueberry seedling tending is better than that of broad-leaved wood sawdust.

2. The basic physical and chemical properties of the prepared blueberry seedling rearing substrate.

2.1 Basic physical and chemical properties of matrix raw materials: the measured basic physical and chemical properties of matrix raw materials are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Basic physical and chemical properties of different matrix materials

2.2 Physical and chemical properties of substrates with different ratios: Table 3 shows the basic physical and chemical properties of the substrates prepared for blueberry seedlings according to the above-mentioned examples.

Table 3 Physicochemical properties of matrix with different proportions

3. Compatibility of Trichoderma and sulfur powder

Sulfur powder can regulate fertilizer and soil pH, and Trichoderma can prevent and control soil-borne diseases of blueberries. When the two are used at the same time, the effect of sulfur powder on Trichoderma is studied. Use [sulfur powder/g: Trichoderma wettable powder/g: substrate/mL] = 1:1:1000 to mix the sulfur powder with the substrate and add it to the nutrition bowl (diameter 9cm); Powder/g: matrix/mL] = 1:1000, mixed evenly and added to the nutrition bowl as a control; two groups of treatments were set up with 3 replicates. Five days later, the colonization number (cfu) of Trichoderma per gram of matrix in each treatment was detected, and the compatibility of the two was judged by cfu. The results are shown in Table 4.

The growth situation of table 4 Trichoderma in substrate

The results showed that sulfur powder had little effect on the growth of Trichoderma, and the compatibility between the two was good. In the process of field use, the mixed use of the two will not affect the growth of Trichoderma.

4. Effect on the seedling rate of blueberry

The blueberry seedling rearing substrates prepared in Examples 1-3 and the comparative example were used for blueberry seedling cultivation. See Table 5 for the statistics of the survival rate under the same conditions.

The impact of different embodiments of table 5 on blueberry seedling growth rate

As can be seen from Table 5, the seedling rate of Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 3 is higher, and there are significant differences with the comparative example. In Example 3, the root disease rate is 4 times lower than that of the control, and the seedling rate is nearly 10% higher than that of the control.

5. Effects on the growth and development of blueberry seedlings

In Panjiazhuang Base, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, different embodiments were used to put the plug seedlings on a 12cm pot on May 24, and the comprehensive evaluation index of the morphological indicators of the blueberry seedlings grown in the pot for 150 days is shown in Table 6.

The impact of different embodiments of table 6 on the growth form of blueberry seedlings

It can be seen from Table 6 that the blueberry stems and plant heights of Examples 1 to 3 exceed those of the comparative example.

It can be seen that the matrix of the present invention has low bulk density, and the use of composite materials can improve the physical and chemical properties of the blueberry tending seedling matrix, reduce adverse reactions of a single matrix, eliminate weed seeds, germs, insect eggs, etc. carried in the matrix, and add bio-control bacteria , is conducive to the cultivation of disease-free strong blueberry seedlings, and promotes the growth of blueberries. Compared with the current traditional blueberry seedling tending, the physical and chemical properties of the composite matrix screened by the invention can meet the growth requirements of blueberries, so that the plants grow consistently, the plants are strong, and there are few pests and diseases. The overall traits are excellent, and the comprehensive evaluation index of plant morphological indicators is high. Moreover, the source of raw materials is wide, the price is low, resources are saved, and it has obvious social benefits, economic benefits and environmental ecological benefits.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand , the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A blueberry seedling tending substrate is characterized in that it is made up of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 400 to 500 parts of mixed fermentation product of sawdust and cow dung, 150 to 200 parts of peat, 70 to 100 parts of perlite, and 30 parts of vermiculite ～50 parts, brown loam soil 200～300 parts, cotton long 0.1～0.2 parts, sulfur powder 0.1～0.2 parts, Trichoderma 0.1～0.3 parts, controlled release fertilizer 1.5～2.5 parts. 2. a kind of blueberry seedling tending matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is made up of the raw material of following volume fraction: sawdust and cow dung mixed fermentation product 450 parts, peat 150 parts, perlite 100 parts, vermiculite 50 parts, 250 parts of brown loam soil, 0.16 parts of cotton long, 0.13 parts of sulfur powder, 0.2 parts of Trichoderma, 1.8 parts of controlled release fertilizer. 3. a kind of blueberry seedling tending matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is made up of the raw material of following volume fraction: sawdust and cow dung mixed fermentation product 500 parts, peat 150 parts, perlite 100 parts, vermiculite 50 parts, 200 parts of brown loam soil, 0.15 parts of cotton long, 0.12 parts of sulfur powder, 0.15 parts of Trichoderma, 2.0 parts of controlled release fertilizer. 4. A kind of blueberry seedling tending substrate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, the sawdust is softwood sawdust. 5. according to the preparation method of a kind of blueberry seedling tending matrix described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, comprises the following preparation steps: (1) mixing sawdust with cow dung mixed fermented product, peat, perlite, vermiculite, and brown loam according to the stated ratio to obtain a mixed substrate; (2) Fumigation and disinfection: add cotton wool to the mixed matrix and mix evenly, cover the airtight plastic film and carry out airtight fumigation, after the disinfection is completed, remove the film to ventilate and loosen the matrix, and fully ventilate; (3) Add sulfur powder to the mixed matrix after fumigation to adjust the pH value of the matrix to 4.5-4.8; (4) Adding Trichoderma and controlled-release fertilizer in said ratio and mixing before potting, to obtain the blueberry seedling rearing substrate. 6. the preparation method of a kind of blueberry seedling tending matrix according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described sawdust and cow dung mixed fermented product: sawdust and cow dung are proportioned according to the ratio of 2～3:1, Adjust the water content to 60%-65%, then add 2kg of decomposing agent per square meter of sawdust, mix well and carry out aerobic composting fermentation, and turn the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 42°C-45°C, and wait until the temperature reaches 55°C or higher Turn the heap every 3 to 5 days, and turn the heap 3 to 4 times continuously until the temperature of the fermentation heap begins to drop, then turn it every 7 to 10 days. After the heap naturally cools down and approaches the outside temperature, the sawdust and beef Fecal mixed ferment. 7. the preparation method of a kind of blueberry seedling tending matrix according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the described step (2), cover airtight plastic film airtight fumigation for 15-20 days, peel off film ventilation and loose matrix 2 ~3 times, full ventilation for more than 10 days. 8. the preparation method of a kind of blueberry seedling tending matrix according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described sawdust is softwood sawdust. 9. the preparation method of a kind of blueberry seedling tending matrix according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described Trichoderma is not less than 300 million cfu/gram Trichoderma harzianum. 10. The preparation method of a kind of blueberry seedling tending substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that, the controlled-release fertilizer has a controlled-release period of 9 months, and NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O is 19-9-11 coated controlled-release fertilizer.