CN106717829A - The implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major - Google Patents
The implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major Download PDFInfo
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- CN106717829A CN106717829A CN201611067755.9A CN201611067755A CN106717829A CN 106717829 A CN106717829 A CN 106717829A CN 201611067755 A CN201611067755 A CN 201611067755A CN 106717829 A CN106717829 A CN 106717829A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major, the method comprises the following steps：(1) planting site selection；(2) Seed Treatment and seedling fostering；(3) planting site is arranged；(4) bedding and apply fertilizer to the subsoil；(5) it is colonized；(6) field and water and fertilizer management.Use the implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major of the present invention can be with Optimization Planting soil；Improve seed germination rate and transplanting survival rate, so as to improve Panax Japonicus Var. Major yield and quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine planting technology field, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major.
Background technology
Panax Japonicus Var. Major, scientific name：Panaxjaponicusvar.major, belongs to Araliaceae, Panax, lower panax japonicus kind, is many
Year sward sheet, the mountain area for being grown on 1000~4000m height above sea levels more.Suitable growth temperature is 16~20 DEG C, night in growth period
Temperature is advisable with higher than 10 DEG C；For soil for growth, like and grown in black earth fertile, rich in humus or husky earth, happiness
It is cloudy, intolerant to high light, sowing time, growth period was slow typically in the end of the year, and one kind needs to harvest for 4~6 years.
At present, the source of Panax Japonicus Var. Major is mainly field excavation and small-scale artificial growth, because excessively excavation, wild
Resource has been subjected to heavy damage；And artificial growth can not still meet day in many aspects such as the speed of growth, planting percent, survival rates
The demand that benefit increases.Contradiction is needed in order to solve the product for becoming increasingly conspicuous, people have begun to the artificial cultivation research of Panax Japonicus Var. Major very early,
And achieve certain achievement.For example：Chinese patent, Publication No. CN105900723A, a kind of entitled " nursery of Panax Japonicus Var. Major
Method and cultural method ".The invention is related to the method for culturing seedlings and cultural method of a kind of Panax Japonicus Var. Major, and the method includes：A1：Gather into
Ripe, full Panax Japonicus Var. Major fruit, removes pulp, obtains Panax Japonicus Var. Major seed；A2：The thick cultivation bases of 7~8cm are laid in culture tank
Matter, Panax Japonicus Var. Major seed is uniformly sprinkling upon on culture medium, finally covers the thick cultivation soil of one layer of 1~2cm, completes seed broadcasting；
A3：Temperature is that 20 ± 1 DEG C of humidity that soil and culture medium are cultivated with holding are the relative of 30~35%, air in keeping raising chamber
Humidity is 50~60%；After seed sprout is unearthed, according to bright phase (L):The dark phase (D)=17~18:6~7 alternately illumination
With stop illumination, intensity of illumination during illumination is 2800~3100lux, and with mass percent concentration is in good time 4~6% to answer
Close aqueous fertilizer solution to be sprayed, be 40~50% with the humidity for keeping cultivating soil；A4：After after emergence rate stabilization, recover nature
The bright phase and the dark phase alternately and natural intensity of illumination, and continue in good time with above-mentioned mass percent concentration be 4~6% it is compound
Aqueous fertilizer solution is sprayed, and is 40~50% with the humidity for keeping cultivating soil；A5：Treat >=90% seedling height reaches 3cm
When, just it is transplanted in milpa, so as to complete whole seedling raising process.The phase that the method for the invention passes through many particular technology means
Mutually promote and cooperate with, such that it is able to significantly improve germination percentage, the planting percent of seed, and highly shortened seedling raise period；And
In cultural method, by specific Fertilizer application, the seedling rate living and final yield after its transplanting can be significantly improved.
In sum, various plantations of disclosed Panax Japonicus Var. Major or cultural method in the prior art, these methods can be obtained
Good technique effect, the perfect planting technology of Panax Japonicus Var. Major, with good applicability and economy.But these methods are still deposited
In some defects, the planting percent of the optimization, seed germination rate and seed of such as soil is relatively low；Seedling is not tamed and dociled by special
Change, the survival rate after transplanting is relatively low, and disease resistance is not high, influence the yield and quality of Panax Japonicus Var. Major.
The content of the invention
For above the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of Optimization Planting soil；Improve seed germination rate and transplant survival
The implantation methods of rate, Panax Japonicus Var. Major so as to improve Panax Japonicus Var. Major yield and quality.
Realize the technical scheme is that：A kind of implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major, the method comprises the following steps：
(1) planting site selection：Height above sea level is 2000~4000m；The gradient is 5~15 degree；The rainfall is plentiful and each layer of earth's surface has
Plant distributions, air flow is good, the stable place of temperature, humidity change；Humus soil or sandy loam rich in organic matter；Soil
Earth is in the plot of acid, pH value 5.5~6.5, hydrophobicity and good permeability；
(2) Seed Treatment and seedling fostering：
A, seedling bed are arranged：Selection drainage is good, and nursery is done in the flat plot of physical features as nursery in nursery
Bed, on seedbed upper berth, thickness is 3~6 centimetres of culture mediums；Greenhouse is built on seedbed；The culture medium is plant ash, leech
Stone, charcoal, flyash and mixture humous；Wherein, plant ash, vermiculite, charcoal, flyash and mass ratio humous
It is 1:0.5:0.5:0.5:2~3；What the culture medium was crossed through suffocating treatment；
B, Seed Treatment：The Panax Japonicus Var. Major fruit for selecting full pure, no disease and pests harm, nothing to go mouldy, removes pulp and obtains seed,
Seed is cleaned, surface moisture is dried；Seed is put into 5~10h of soaking disinfection in bactericidal liquid；Under conditions of 1~3 DEG C, will
After seed is cooled down 20~30 days；Take out under seed is placed in normal temperature and place 1~3 day；It is red with 100mg/L under the conditions of 30~40 DEG C
Mycin and 0.1mg/L brassinosteroids mixed solution soak 6~10h, dry；Seed is placed in 40~50 DEG C of warm water and is soaked
12~24h；Under the conditions of 20~30 DEG C, wrapped up to breach rate up to 60% with wet gauze；
C, seedling fostering：Treated seed is put into carries out seedling fostering in seedling bed；Cultivated described in 1~2cm of covering
Matrix；Rate of sheltering from heat or light in cultivating process at least 60%, humidity 50~60%, after coming up, topdresses 5~8 times in good time；
(3) planting site is arranged：It is required that lying fallow 4 months to half a year, period will repeatedly be turned over to planting site, promote soil
Weathering；Quick lime is sprinkled within 3 months on planting site before planting, is then ploughed, depth be 15~20 centimetres, make quick lime and
70% Mancozeb pulvis is sufficiently mixed sterilization 1~2 time with soil by turns；Every 7~15 days once；Planting site bottom be sprinkled into through
The pine bark of sterilization, fine sand with burn local soil type into mixture；Finally, soil is covered, soil rake is thin, built on planting site
Support column, builds sunshade net on the support columns；Shade density is set to reach 55% or so；
(4) bedding and applying fertilizer to the subsoil, furrow are wide 1.5~2 meters, 60~80 centimetres of furrow spacing, and furrow are long depending on landform, furrow are high by 30~
40 centimetres；Well-rotted farmyard manure and composite fertilizer are applied as mixing base fertilizer in furrow bottom；Every mu of ground dose is 1800~2800 kilograms；
10~18cm thin soils are covered on mixing base fertilizer and is compressed；Finally repave last layer straw；Thickness is 3~5 centimetres；
(5) it is colonized：Kind of a plant hole is dug by 8~10cm of spacing in the rows, organic base fertilizer is put into kind of plant hole, then cover fine earth lid kind,
Blinding 3~4cm of thickness, transplants into kind plant hole, with 300 times of generations before transplanting in batches after Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling is extracted according to the size of seedling
Gloomy zinc dips root, is pulled out immediately after dipping and dries and plant in time；
(6) field and water and fertilizer management：A, water and fertilizer management, periodically pour moisture content and fertilising, and Panax Japonicus Var. Major is poured after transplanting 7 days determines root
Water；Natural activity plant growth adverse-resistant agent is once sprayed within 7 days, until seedling turns green grass or young crops and survives；20~30 days after Panax Japonicus Var. Major transplanting
Inside once topdressed, topdress and select water-soluble fertilizer, once watered within three days after topdressing；Run into dry weather and supplement water in time
Point, the unbroken rainy day is run into, row's ditch is hydrophobic in time, meets Panax Japonicus Var. Major growth liquid manure nutritional need；B, parasitosis preventing and treating, periodically check pearl
Son ginseng growing way, it is found that disease pest is prevented and treated in time；In time pull out diseased plant and with lime disinfection disease cave or spray bactericidal liquid；C, periodically remove
Grass and loosen the soil fertilising, fertilising is taken and repeatedly carried out on a small quantity, and Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling replanting applies fertilizer once after surviving every May, fertilizer with
Based on organic fertilizer；Hoe up weeds 2 times every year, loosen the soil 1 time；Hoe up weeds in annual 3~April and 8~September respectively once, loosen the soil and enter in April every year
OK.
Preferably, bactericidal liquid described in the step (2) is 200 times of carbendazim solutions.
Preferably, culture medium suffocating treatment is that culture medium is sprayed using soil fumigant in the step (2)
Mulch film is covered after spilling carries out fumigation, a length of 7~15 days when disinfecting, film is taken off after the completion of sterilization and dissipates poison 10~15 days；Institute
Soil fumigant is stated for 95% mops up wettable powder greatly.
Preferably, the process step that carried out disinfection to mixing base fertilizer is also included in the step (4)；Disinfect be with 60~
80 times of pyrolkigneous liquid with mix base fertilizer according to 1:The volume mass ratio of 100L/kg, both are well mixed.
Preferably, organic base fertilizer described in the step (5) is based on number：Become thoroughly decomposed 200 parts of excrement, 150 parts of rape cake, as
65 parts of grass, 45 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 70 parts of flyash, 10 parts of medical stone, 12 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of zymophyte；
Preparation method is fully to mix fermentation in heaps after each component is crushed with fermented bacterium, is obtained.
Preferably, water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the raw material of following weight portion described in the step (6)：Urea 20~30
Part, 30~35 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6~10 parts of humic acid potassium, middle micro- 1~3 part, 4~8 parts of tartaric acid, sodium alginate 6
~12 parts, 5~12 parts of esterification tamarind seed polysaccharide glue, 8~15 parts of compound amino acid.
Preferably, N is used to seedling fostering fertilising in the step (2):P:K=1:1:1 composite fertilizer；First 10~15 days
It is composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of mass fraction 10% to apply fertilizer；Fertilising in 30~60 days is composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of the 20% of mass fraction；
It is composite fertilizer's aqueous solution that mass fraction is 40% that 60 days apply fertilizer to seedling afterwards.
Preferably, support column terrain clearance described in the step (3) is 2~2.5 meters.
Preferably, natural activity plant growth adverse-resistant agent described in the step (6) by following raw material components weight portion
Component：35~40 parts of lumbricin, 18~26 parts of lumbrifebrine, 12~18 parts of hypoxanthine, 10~15 parts of 6~oxipurinol,
10~15 parts of succinate dehydrogenase, 10~20 parts of antibiotic, 8~15 parts of amino acid.The natural activity plant growth adverse-resistant agent has
There is significant activating force, the vigor of plant itself can be strengthened, surviving for shaddock seedling can be significantly improved using the adverse-resistant agent
Rate, the need for conveniently adapting to varying environment growth, while later stage disease resistance is more preferable.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the present invention are：1st, employ due to have selected suitable sowing environment,
And with the common pre- preventing disease and pest of mode of physics and chemistry, the generation of pest and disease damage is effectively prevented, and the use of agricultural chemicals is reduced, protect
Environment is protected；2nd, organic fertilizer before transplanting, improves the content of soil organic matter, improves Soil Micro-environment；Medical stone and fine coal
The addition of ash etc., can improve the crumb structure of soil, keep soil from packing together, and promote the breathing of Panax Japonicus Var. Major root, improve and absorb
Rate；Humic acid is added to avoid burning the risk of root, seedling percent is high；The fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer persistently, can improve the yield of Panax Japonicus Var. Major
And quality；3rd, the organic fertilizer for using is generally discarded object, not only ecological, environmental protective, additionally it is possible to improve the plate that chemical fertilizer is caused to soil
Knot, rehabilitating soil improves crop absorption ratio；4th, to nursery by domestication, the nursery base taken meets the original of Panax Japonicus Var. Major
Ecology, and low temperature and sterilization processing are used, the seedling-growing time of seed is shortened, improve the germination rate of seed；Used after transplanting
Natural activity plant growth adverse-resistant agent sprays seedling, can strengthen the vigor of plant itself, can significantly be carried using the adverse-resistant agent
The survival rate of shaddock seedling high, the need for conveniently adapting to varying environment growth, while later stage disease resistance is more preferable.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described below.Based on the implementation in the present invention
Example, the every other embodiment that those skilled in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made belongs to this hair
The scope of bright protection.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major, the method comprises the following steps：
(1) planting site selection：Height above sea level is 2000~4000m；The gradient is 5~15 degree；The rainfall is plentiful and each layer of earth's surface has
Plant distributions, air flow is good, the stable place of temperature, humidity change；Planting site humus soil of the requirement rich in organic matter
Or sandy loam；Soil is in acidity, pH value 5.5~6.5, hydrophobicity and good permeability；
(2) Seed Treatment and seedling fostering：
A, seedling bed are arranged：Selection drainage is good, and nursery is done in the flat plot of physical features as nursery in nursery
Bed, on seedbed upper berth, thickness is 3~6 centimetres of culture mediums；Greenhouse is built on seedbed；Culture medium is plant ash, vermiculite, wood
Charcoal, flyash and mixture humous；Wherein, plant ash, vermiculite, charcoal, flyash and mass ratio humous are 1:
0.5:0.5:0.5:2；Culture medium is crossed through suffocating treatment；Culture medium suffocating treatment is to cultivating base using soil fumigant
Matter covers mulch film and carries out fumigation after being sprayed, a length of 7~15 days when disinfecting, taken off after the completion of sterilization film dissipate poison 10~
15 days；Soil fumigant mops up wettable powder greatly for 95%；
B, Seed Treatment：The Panax Japonicus Var. Major fruit for selecting full pure, no disease and pests harm, nothing to go mouldy, removes pulp and obtains seed,
Seed is cleaned, surface moisture is dried；Seed is put into 5~10h of soaking disinfection in bactericidal liquid；Bactericidal liquid is 200 times of carbendazim
Solution；Under conditions of 1~3 DEG C, after seed is cooled down 20~30 days；Take out under seed is placed in normal temperature and place 1~3 day；30
Under the conditions of~40 DEG C, 6~10h is soaked with 100mg/L gibberellin and 0.1mg/L brassinosteroids mixed solution, wherein, gibberellin
It is 1 with the volume ratio of brassinosteroid:1, dry；Seed is placed in 40~50 DEG C of warm water and soaks 12~24h；20~30
Under the conditions of DEG C, wrapped up to breach rate up to 60% with wet gauze；C, seedling fostering：Treated seed is put into seedling bed to be carried out
Seedling fostering；Culture medium described in 1~2cm of covering；Rate of sheltering from heat or light in cultivating process at least 60%, humidity 50~60%, seedling goes out
After soil, topdress in good time 5~8 times；Cultivate fertilising and use N:P:K=1:1:1 composite fertilizer；Fertilising in first 10~15 days is mass fraction
10% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution；Fertilising in 30~60 days is composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of the 20% of mass fraction；60 days afterwards to seedling
It is composite fertilizer's aqueous solution that mass fraction is 40% to apply fertilizer；
(3) planting site is arranged：It is required that lying fallow 4 months to half a year, period will repeatedly be turned over to planting site, promote soil
Weathering；Quick lime is sprinkled within 3 months on planting site before planting, is then ploughed, depth be 15~20 centimetres, make quick lime and
70% Mancozeb pulvis is sufficiently mixed sterilization 1~2 time with soil by turns；Every 7~15 days once；Planting site bottom be sprinkled into through
The pine bark of sterilization, fine sand with burn local soil type into mixture；Finally, soil is covered, soil rake is thin, built on planting site
Support column, dagger terrain clearance is 2~2.5 meters；Sunshade net is built on the support columns；Shade density is set to reach 55% or so；
(4) bedding and applying fertilizer to the subsoil, furrow are wide 1.5~2 meters, 60~80 centimetres of furrow spacing, and furrow are long depending on landform, furrow are high by 30~
40 centimetres；Well-rotted farmyard manure and composite fertilizer are applied as mixing base fertilizer in furrow bottom；Every mu of ground dose is 1800~2800 kilograms；
10~18cm thin soils are covered on mixing base fertilizer and is compressed；Finally repave last layer straw；Thickness is 3~5 centimetres；In order that pearl
The son ginseng later stage can well absorb nutrient, reduce disease, and can carry out disinfection treatment to mixing base fertilizer, at mixing base fertilizer sterilization
Reason be with 60~80 times of pyrolkigneous liquid with mix base fertilizer according to 1:The volume mass ratio of 100L/kg, both are well mixed, sterilization
Quickening beneficial microbe breeding can be played, promotes crop germination and well developed root system, so as to promote plant growth, and can prevented and treated
Soil-borne disease, such as has suppression or kills to sick mould, Penicillium notatum, rhizoctonia, sclerotinite, sickle-like bacteria multiclass pathogen and make
With, the pest and disease damages such as nematode can be also prevented and treated, adjust P in soil H values, purification and improved soil；
(5) it is colonized：Kind of a plant hole is dug by 8~10cm of spacing in the rows, organic base fertilizer is put into kind of plant hole, then cover fine earth lid kind,
Blinding 3~4cm of thickness, transplants into kind plant hole, with 300 times of generations before transplanting in batches after Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling is extracted according to the size of seedling
Gloomy zinc dips root, is pulled out immediately after dipping and dries and plant in time；Organic base fertilizer is based on number：Become thoroughly decomposed 200 parts of excrement, vegetable seed
150 parts of cake, 65 parts of napier grass, 45 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 70 parts of flyash, 10 parts of medical stone, 12 parts of humic acid,
3 parts of zymophyte；Preparation method is fully to mix fermentation in heaps after each component is crushed with fermented bacterium, is obtained；
(6) field and water and fertilizer management：A, water and fertilizer management, periodically pour moisture content and fertilising, and Panax Japonicus Var. Major is poured after transplanting 7 days determines root
Water；Natural activity plant growth adverse-resistant agent is once sprayed within 7 days, until seedling turns green grass or young crops and survives；The natural activity plant growth is degeneration-resistant
Agent by following raw material components parts by weight of component：35 parts of lumbricin, 18 parts of lumbrifebrine, 12 parts of hypoxanthine, 6~hydroxyl are fast
10 parts of purine, 10 parts of succinate dehydrogenase, 10 parts of antibiotic, 8 parts of amino acid；Carried out once in 20~30 days after Panax Japonicus Var. Major transplanting
Topdress, topdress and select water-soluble fertilizer, once watered within three days after topdressing；Run into dry weather to keep the skin wet in time, run into company
Continous rain day, row's ditch is hydrophobic in time, and water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the raw material of following weight portion：20 parts of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30
Part, 6 parts of humic acid potassium, middle micro- 1 part, 4 parts of tartaric acid, 6 parts of sodium alginate, 5 parts of esterification tamarind seed polysaccharide glue, compound ammonia
8 parts of base acid, middle trace element includes calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, chlorine；The water-soluble fertilizer can meet Panax Japonicus Var. Major growth water
Fertile nutritional need；B, parasitosis preventing and treating, periodically check Panax Japonicus Var. Major growing way, it is found that disease pest is prevented and treated in time；Pull out diseased plant and use stone in time
The sick cave of ash sterilization or sprinkling bactericidal liquid；C, regular weeding and fertilising of loosening the soil, fertilising are taken and are repeatedly carried out on a small quantity, Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling
After transplant survival every May fertilising once, fertilizer is based on organic fertilizer；Hoe up weeds 2 times every year, loosen the soil 1 time；Hoe up weeds annual 3~4
Respectively once, loosen the soil is carried out in April every year for the moon and 8~September.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major, the method comprises the following steps：
(1) planting site selection：Height above sea level is 2000~4000m；The gradient is 5~15 degree；The rainfall is plentiful and each layer of earth's surface has
Plant distributions, air flow is good, the stable place of temperature, humidity change；Planting site humus soil of the requirement rich in organic matter
Or sandy loam；Soil is in acidity, pH value 5.5~6.5, hydrophobicity and good permeability；
(2) Seed Treatment and seedling fostering：
A, seedling bed are arranged：Selection drainage is good, and nursery is done in the flat plot of physical features as nursery in nursery
Bed, on seedbed upper berth, thickness is 3~6 centimetres of culture mediums；Greenhouse is built on seedbed；Culture medium is plant ash, vermiculite, wood
Charcoal, flyash and mixture humous；Wherein, plant ash, vermiculite, charcoal, flyash and mass ratio humous are 1:
0.5:0.5:0.5:3；Culture medium is crossed through suffocating treatment；Culture medium suffocating treatment is same embodiment 1；
B, Seed Treatment：The Panax Japonicus Var. Major fruit for selecting full pure, no disease and pests harm, nothing to go mouldy, removes pulp and obtains seed,
Seed is cleaned, surface moisture is dried；Seed is put into 5~10h of soaking disinfection in 200 times of bactericidal liquids of carbendazim solution；1
Under conditions of~3 DEG C, after seed is cooled down 20~30 days；Take out under seed is placed in normal temperature and place 1~3 day；In 30~40 DEG C of bars
Under part, 6~10h is soaked with 100mg/L gibberellin and 0.1mg/L brassinosteroids mixed solution, wherein, gibberellin and rape are plain
The volume ratio of lactone is 2:1；Dry；Seed is placed in 40~50 DEG C of warm water and soaks 12~24h；In 20~30 DEG C of conditions
Under, wrapped up to breach rate up to 60% with wet gauze；C, seedling fostering：Treated seed is put into carries out seedling training in seedling bed
Educate；Culture medium described in 1~2cm of covering；Rate of sheltering from heat or light in cultivating process at least 60%, humidity 50~60%, after coming up, fits
When topdress 5~8 times；Cultivate fertilising and use N:P:K=1:1:1 composite fertilizer；Fertilising in first 10~15 days is mass fraction 10%
Composite fertilizer's aqueous solution；Fertilising in 30~60 days is composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of the 20% of mass fraction；It is to seedling fertilising afterwards within 60 days
Mass fraction is 40% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution；
(3) planting site is arranged：It is required that lying fallow 4 months to half a year, period will repeatedly be turned over to planting site, promote soil
Weathering；Quick lime is sprinkled within 3 months on planting site before planting, is then ploughed, depth be 15~20 centimetres, make quick lime and
70% Mancozeb pulvis is sufficiently mixed sterilization 1~2 time with soil by turns；Every 7~15 days once；Planting site bottom be sprinkled into through
The pine bark of sterilization, fine sand with burn local soil type into mixture；Finally, soil is covered, soil rake is thin, built on planting site
Support column, dagger terrain clearance is 2~2.5 meters；Sunshade net is built on the support columns；Shade density is set to reach 55% or so；
(4) bedding and applying fertilizer to the subsoil, furrow are wide 1.5~2 meters, 60~80 centimetres of furrow spacing, and furrow are long depending on landform, furrow are high by 30~
40 centimetres；Well-rotted farmyard manure and composite fertilizer are applied as mixing base fertilizer in furrow bottom；Every mu of ground dose is 1800~2800 kilograms；
10~18cm thin soils are covered on mixing base fertilizer and is compressed；Finally repave last layer straw；Thickness is 3~5 centimetres；In order that pearl
The son ginseng later stage can well absorb nutrient, reduce disease, and can carry out disinfection treatment to mixing base fertilizer, at mixing base fertilizer sterilization
Reason be with 60~80 times of pyrolkigneous liquid with mix base fertilizer according to 1:The volume mass ratio of 100L/kg, both are well mixed, sterilization
Quickening beneficial microbe breeding can be played, promotes crop germination and well developed root system, so as to promote plant growth, and can prevented and treated
Soil-borne disease, such as has suppression or kills to sick mould, Penicillium notatum, rhizoctonia, sclerotinite, sickle-like bacteria multiclass pathogen and make
With, the pest and disease damages such as nematode can be also prevented and treated, adjust P in soil H values, purification and improved soil；
(5) it is colonized：Kind of a plant hole is dug by 8~10cm of spacing in the rows, organic base fertilizer is put into kind of plant hole, then cover fine earth lid kind,
Blinding 3~4cm of thickness, transplants into kind plant hole, with 300 times of generations before transplanting in batches after Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling is extracted according to the size of seedling
Gloomy zinc dips root, is pulled out immediately after dipping and dries and plant in time；Organic base fertilizer is based on number：Become thoroughly decomposed 200 parts of excrement, vegetable seed
150 parts of cake, 65 parts of napier grass, 45 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 70 parts of flyash, 10 parts of medical stone, 12 parts of humic acid,
3 parts of zymophyte；Preparation method is fully to mix fermentation in heaps after each component is crushed with fermented bacterium, is obtained；
(6) field and water and fertilizer management：A, water and fertilizer management, periodically pour moisture content and fertilising, and Panax Japonicus Var. Major is poured after transplanting 7 days determines root
Water；Natural activity plant growth adverse-resistant agent is once sprayed within 7 days, until seedling turns green grass or young crops and survives；The natural activity plant growth is degeneration-resistant
Agent by following raw material components parts by weight of component：38 parts of lumbricin, 25 parts of lumbrifebrine, 16 parts of hypoxanthine, 6~hydroxyl are fast
12 parts of purine, 12 parts of succinate dehydrogenase, 15 parts of antibiotic, 3 parts of amino acid/11；After Panax Japonicus Var. Major transplanting one is carried out in 20~30 days
It is secondary to topdress, topdress and select water-soluble fertilizer, once watered within three days after topdressing；Run into dry weather to keep the skin wet in time, run into
The unbroken rainy day, row's ditch is hydrophobic in time, and water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the raw material of following weight portion：25 parts of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
32 parts, 8 parts of humic acid potassium, middle micro- 2 parts, it is 6 parts of tartaric acid, 8 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of esterification tamarind seed polysaccharide glue, multiple
2 parts of amino acid/11 is closed, with embodiment 1, the water-soluble fertilizer can meet Panax Japonicus Var. Major growth liquid manure nutritional need to middle trace element；B, worm
Disease preventing and treating, periodically checks Panax Japonicus Var. Major growing way, it is found that disease pest is prevented and treated in time；Diseased plant is pulled out in time and with the sick cave of lime disinfection or spray
Spill bactericidal liquid；C, regular weeding and fertilising of loosening the soil, fertilising are taken and are repeatedly carried out on a small quantity, Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling replanting survive after every 5
Once, fertilizer is based on organic fertilizer for moon fertilising；Hoe up weeds 2 times every year, loosen the soil 1 time；Hoe up weeds in annual 3~April and 8~September each one
Secondary, loosen the soil is carried out in April every year.
Embodiment 3
A kind of implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major, the method comprises the following steps：
(1) planting site selection：Height above sea level is 2000~4000m；The gradient is 5~15 degree；The rainfall is plentiful and each layer of earth's surface has
Plant distributions, air flow is good, the stable place of temperature, humidity change；Planting site humus soil of the requirement rich in organic matter
Or sandy loam；Soil is in acidity, pH value 5.5~6.5, hydrophobicity and good permeability；
(2) Seed Treatment and seedling fostering：
A, seedling bed are arranged：Selection drainage is good, and nursery is done in the flat plot of physical features as nursery in nursery
Bed, on seedbed upper berth, thickness is 3~6 centimetres of culture mediums；Greenhouse is built on seedbed；The culture medium is plant ash, leech
Stone, charcoal, flyash and mixture humous；Wherein, plant ash, vermiculite, charcoal, flyash and mass ratio humous
It is 1:0.5:0.5:0.5:2；Culture medium is crossed through suffocating treatment；Culture medium suffocating treatment is to training using soil fumigant
Educate and mulch film is covered after matrix is sprayed carry out fumigation, a length of 7~15 days when disinfecting, film is taken off after the completion of sterilization and dissipates poison
10~15 days；Soil fumigant mops up wettable powder greatly for 95%；
B, Seed Treatment：The Panax Japonicus Var. Major fruit for selecting full pure, no disease and pests harm, nothing to go mouldy, removes pulp and obtains seed,
Seed is cleaned, surface moisture is dried；Seed is put into 5~10h of soaking disinfection in bactericidal liquid；Bactericidal liquid is 200 times of carbendazim
Solution；Under conditions of 1~3 DEG C, after seed is cooled down 20~30 days；Take out under seed is placed in normal temperature and place 1~3 day；30
Under the conditions of~40 DEG C, 6~10h (gibberellin and oil are soaked with 100mg/L gibberellin and 0.1mg/L brassinosteroids mixed solution
Rape lactone volume ratio is 3:1), dry；Seed is placed in 40~50 DEG C of warm water and soaks 12~24h；In 20~30 DEG C of bars
Under part, wrapped up to breach rate up to 60% with wet gauze；C, seedling fostering：Treated seed is put into carries out seedling in seedling bed
Cultivate；Culture medium described in 1~2cm of covering；Rate of sheltering from heat or light in cultivating process at least 60%, humidity 50~60%, after coming up,
Topdress 5~8 times in good time；Cultivate fertilising and use N:P:K=1:1:1 composite fertilizer；Fertilising in first 10~15 days is mass fraction 10%
Composite fertilizer's aqueous solution；Fertilising in 30~60 days is composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of the 20% of mass fraction；Applied fertilizer to seedling afterwards within 60 days
It is composite fertilizer's aqueous solution that mass fraction is 40%；
(3) planting site is arranged：It is required that lying fallow 4 months to half a year, period will repeatedly be turned over to planting site, promote soil
Weathering；Quick lime is sprinkled within 3 months on planting site before planting, is then ploughed, depth be 15~20 centimetres, make quick lime and
70% Mancozeb pulvis is sufficiently mixed sterilization 1~2 time with soil by turns；Every 7~15 days once；Planting site bottom be sprinkled into through
The pine bark of sterilization, fine sand with burn local soil type into mixture；Finally, soil is covered, soil rake is thin, built on planting site
Support column, dagger terrain clearance is 2~2.5 meters；Sunshade net is built on the support columns；Shade density is set to reach 55% or so；
(4) bedding and applying fertilizer to the subsoil, furrow are wide 1.5~2 meters, 60~80 centimetres of furrow spacing, and furrow are long depending on landform, furrow are high by 30~
40 centimetres；Well-rotted farmyard manure and composite fertilizer are applied as mixing base fertilizer in furrow bottom；Every mu of ground dose is 1800~2800 kilograms；
10~18cm thin soils are covered on mixing base fertilizer and is compressed；Finally repave last layer straw；Thickness is 3~5 centimetres；In order that pearl
The son ginseng later stage can well absorb nutrient, reduce disease, and can carry out disinfection treatment to mixing base fertilizer, at mixing base fertilizer sterilization
Reason be with 60~80 times of pyrolkigneous liquid with mix base fertilizer according to 1:The volume mass ratio of 100L/kg, both are well mixed, sterilization
Quickening beneficial microbe breeding can be played, promotes crop germination and well developed root system, so as to promote plant growth, and can prevented and treated
Soil-borne disease, such as has suppression or kills to sick mould, Penicillium notatum, rhizoctonia, sclerotinite, sickle-like bacteria multiclass pathogen and make
With, the pest and disease damages such as nematode can be also prevented and treated, adjust P in soil H values, purification and improved soil；
(5) it is colonized：Kind of a plant hole is dug by 8~10cm of spacing in the rows, organic base fertilizer is put into kind of plant hole, then cover fine earth lid kind,
Blinding 3~4cm of thickness, transplants into kind plant hole, with 300 times of generations before transplanting in batches after Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling is extracted according to the size of seedling
Gloomy zinc dips root, is pulled out immediately after dipping and dries and plant in time；Organic base fertilizer is based on number：Become thoroughly decomposed 200 parts of excrement, vegetable seed
150 parts of cake, 65 parts of napier grass, 45 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 70 parts of flyash, 10 parts of medical stone, 12 parts of humic acid,
3 parts of zymophyte；Preparation method is fully to mix fermentation in heaps after each component is crushed with fermented bacterium, is obtained；
(6) field and water and fertilizer management：A, water and fertilizer management, periodically pour moisture content and fertilising, and Panax Japonicus Var. Major is poured after transplanting 7 days determines root
Water；Natural activity plant growth adverse-resistant agent is once sprayed within 7 days, until seedling turns green grass or young crops and survives；The natural activity plant growth is degeneration-resistant
Agent by following raw material components parts by weight of component：40 parts of lumbricin, 26 parts of lumbrifebrine, 18 parts of hypoxanthine, 6~hydroxyl are fast
15 parts of purine, 15 parts of succinate dehydrogenase, 20 parts of antibiotic, 5 parts of amino acid/11；After Panax Japonicus Var. Major transplanting one is carried out in 20~30 days
It is secondary to topdress, topdress and select water-soluble fertilizer, once watered within three days after topdressing；Run into dry weather to keep the skin wet in time, run into
The unbroken rainy day, row's ditch is hydrophobic in time, and water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the raw material of following weight portion：30 parts of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
35 parts, 10 parts of humic acid potassium, middle micro- 3 parts, 8 parts of tartaric acid, 12 parts of sodium alginate, 12 parts of esterification tamarind seed polysaccharide glue,
15 parts of compound amino acid, the water-soluble fertilizer can meet Panax Japonicus Var. Major growth liquid manure nutritional need；B, parasitosis preventing and treating, periodically check pearl
Ginseng growing way, it is found that disease pest is prevented and treated in time；In time pull out diseased plant and with lime disinfection disease cave or spray bactericidal liquid；C, regular weeding
With fertilising of loosening the soil, fertilising takes and repeatedly carries out on a small quantity, and Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling replanting applies fertilizer once after surviving every May, and fertilizer is having
Based on machine fertilizer；Hoe up weeds 2 times every year, loosen the soil 1 time；Hoe up weeds in annual 3~April and 8~September respectively once, loosen the soil and enter in April every year
OK.
Test case 1
Planting type according to embodiment 1~3 during 2009 to 2015 carries out the plantation of Panax Japonicus Var. Major, and with tradition
Plantation Panax Japonicus Var. Major mode is control, to the seed germination rate of Panax Japonicus Var. Major planted in embodiment 1~3 and control and makees produce
Amount is counted, and statistics is as shown in table 1：
Table 1
As it can be seen from table 1 the intercropping culture mode that the present invention is used, compared with conventional method, when emerging of Panax Japonicus Var. Major
Between, seed germination rate and per mu yield be improved, remarkable in economical benefits.
The Panax Japonicus Var. Major that implantation methods are planted in the selection embodiment of the present invention 1 to 3 carries out composition survey with wild Panax Japonicus Var. Major
Fixed, the various content of material of Panax Japonicus Var. Major of the invention are very nearly the same with the various content of material of wild Panax Japonicus Var. Major, illustrate of the invention
The Panax Japonicus Var. Major quality that method plants out is unaffected, is as good as with wild differing, and while improving yield, quality can also change
It is kind.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in essence of the invention
Within god and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major, it is characterised in that the method comprises the following steps：
(1) planting site selection：Height above sea level is 2000~4000m；The gradient is 5~15 degree；The rainfall is plentiful and each layer of earth's surface has plant
Distribution, air flow is good, the stable place of temperature, humidity change；Planting site humus soil or sand of the requirement rich in organic matter
Loam；Soil is in acidity, pH value 5.5~6.5, hydrophobicity and good permeability；
(2) Seed Treatment and seedling fostering：
A, seedling bed are arranged：Selection drainage is good, and seedling bed is done in the flat plot of physical features as nursery in nursery,
On seedbed upper berth, thickness is 3~6 centimetres of culture mediums；Greenhouse is built on seedbed；The culture medium be plant ash, vermiculite,
Charcoal, flyash and mixture humous；Wherein, plant ash, vermiculite, charcoal, flyash and mass ratio humous are
1:0.5:0.5:0.5:2~3；What the culture medium was crossed through suffocating treatment；
B, Seed Treatment：The Panax Japonicus Var. Major fruit for selecting full pure, no disease and pests harm, nothing to go mouldy, removes pulp and obtains seed, will plant
Son is cleaned, and dries surface moisture；Seed is put into 5~10h of soaking disinfection in bactericidal liquid；Under conditions of 1~3 DEG C, by seed
After cooling 20~30 days；Take out under seed is placed in normal temperature and place 1~3 day；Under the conditions of 30~40 DEG C, 100mg/L gibberellin is used
6~10h is soaked with 0.1mg/L brassinosteroids mixed solution, is dried；By seed be placed on immersion 12 in 40~50 DEG C of warm water~
24h；Under the conditions of 20~30 DEG C, wrapped up to breach rate up to 60% with wet gauze；
C, seedling fostering：Treated seed is put into carries out seedling fostering in seedling bed；Culture medium described in 1~2cm of covering；
Rate of sheltering from heat or light in cultivating process at least 60%, humidity 50~60%, after coming up, topdresses 5~8 times in good time；
(3) planting site is arranged：It is required that lying fallow 4 months to half a year, period will repeatedly be turned over to planting site, promote soil wind
Change；Quick lime is sprinkled within 3 months on planting site before planting, is then ploughed, depth is 15~20 centimetres, makes quick lime and 70%
Mancozeb pulvis is sufficiently mixed sterilization 1~2 time with soil by turns；Every 7~15 days once；It is sprinkled into planting site bottom sterilized
Pine bark, fine sand with burn local soil type into mixture；Finally, soil is covered, soil rake is thin, support is built on planting site
Post, builds sunshade net on the support columns；Shade density is set to reach 55% or so；
(4) bedding and apply fertilizer to the subsoil, furrow are wide 1.5~2 meters, 60~80 centimetres of furrow spacing, and furrow are long depending on landform, and furrow are high 30~40 lis
Rice；Well-rotted farmyard manure and composite fertilizer are applied as mixing base fertilizer in furrow bottom；Every mu of ground dose is 1800~2800 kilograms；Mixed
Close and covered on base fertilizer 10~18cm thin soils and compress；Finally repave last layer straw；Thickness is 3~5 centimetres；
(5) it is colonized：Kind of a plant hole is dug by 8~10cm of spacing in the rows, organic base fertilizer is put into kind of plant hole, then cover fine earth lid kind, blinding
3~4cm of thickness, transplants into kind plant hole, with 300 times of zineb before transplanting in batches after Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling is extracted according to the size of seedling
Root is dipped, is pulled out immediately after dipping and is dried and plant in time；
(6) field and water and fertilizer management：A, water and fertilizer management, periodically pour moisture content and fertilising, and Panax Japonicus Var. Major pours root water after transplanting 7 days；7
It once sprays natural activity plant growth adverse-resistant agent, until seedling turns green grass or young crops and survives；Enter in 20~30 days after Panax Japonicus Var. Major transplanting
Row once topdresses, and topdresses and selects water-soluble fertilizer, is once watered within three days after topdressing；Dry weather is run into keep the skin wet in time,
The unbroken rainy day is run into, row's ditch is hydrophobic in time, meet Panax Japonicus Var. Major growth liquid manure nutritional need；B, parasitosis preventing and treating, periodically check pearl
Ginseng growing way, it is found that disease pest is prevented and treated in time；In time pull out diseased plant and with lime disinfection disease cave or spray bactericidal liquid；C, regular weeding
With fertilising of loosening the soil, fertilising takes and repeatedly carries out on a small quantity, and Panax Japonicus Var. Major seedling replanting applies fertilizer once after surviving every May, and fertilizer is having
Based on machine fertilizer；Hoe up weeds 2 times every year, loosen the soil 1 time；Hoe up weeds in annual 3~April and 8~September respectively once, loosen the soil and enter in April every year
OK.
2. implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Bactericidal liquid is described in the step (2)
200 times of carbendazim solutions.
3. implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Culture medium is fumigated in the step (2)
Covering mulch film after being processed as spraying culture medium using soil fumigant carries out fumigation, a length of 7 when disinfecting
~15 days, film is taken off after the completion of sterilization and dissipates poison 10~15 days；The soil fumigant mops up wettable powder greatly for 95%.
4. implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Also include to mixing in the step (4)
Base fertilizer carries out disinfection process step；Disinfect be with 60~80 times of pyrolkigneous liquid with mix base fertilizer according to 1:The body of 100L/kg
Product mass ratio, both are well mixed.
5. implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Organic base fertilizer described in the step (5)
Based on number：Become thoroughly decomposed 200 parts of excrement, 150 parts of rape cake, 65 parts of napier grass, 45 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, flyash
70 parts, 10 parts of medical stone, 12 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of zymophyte；Preparation method is fully to be mixed with fermented bacterium after each component is crushed
Synthesis heap fermentation, obtains.
6. implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Water-soluble fertilizer described in the step (6)
Prepared by the raw material of following weight portion：20~30 parts of urea, 30~35 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6~10 parts of humic acid potassium, in
1~3 part of trace element, 4~8 parts of tartaric acid, 6~12 parts of sodium alginate, 5~12 parts of esterification tamarind seed polysaccharide glue, compounded amino
8~15 parts of acid.
7. implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Seedling fostering is applied in the step (2)
Fertilizer uses N:P:K=1:1:1 composite fertilizer；Fertilising in first 10~15 days is composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of mass fraction 10%；30~60
Its fertilising is composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of the 20% of mass fraction；60 days afterwards to seedling fertilising for mass fraction be 40% it is compound
Rich water solution.
8. implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Support column described in the step (3) from
Ground level is 2~2.5 meters.
9. implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Natural activity described in the step (6)
Plant growth adverse-resistant agent by following raw material components parts by weight of component：It is 35~40 parts of lumbricin, 18~26 parts of lumbrifebrine, secondary
12~18 parts of xanthine, 10~15 parts of 6~oxipurinol, 10~15 parts of succinate dehydrogenase, 10~20 parts of antibiotic, amino acid
8~15 parts.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN107494105A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-22 | 香格里拉市六四养殖有限责任公司 | The implantation methods of walnut |
| CN108029485A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-15 | 丽江润华基药培植有限公司 | The breeding method of panax japonicus majoris |
| CN108064645A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-25 | 怒江昂可达农林生物科技开发有限公司 | A kind of panax japonicus majoris fast breeding implantation methods |
| CN109006295A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-12-18 | 云南唯七诺健康科技有限公司 | The green ecological implantation methods of Radix Notoginseng |
| CN113243272A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-08-13 | 忻州师范学院 | High-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method |
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| CN107494105A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-22 | 香格里拉市六四养殖有限责任公司 | The implantation methods of walnut |
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