CN110024642B - Method for planting selenium-rich rice by utilizing plant source humic acid organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for planting selenium-rich rice by utilizing plant source humic acid organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of rice planting methods, and particularly provides a method for planting selenium-rich rice by utilizing a plant source humic acid organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and arranging a seedling bed; (2) disinfecting and accelerating germination of seeds; (3) sowing; (4) seedling management; (5) selecting, preparing soil and applying a plant source humic acid organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer in the field, wherein the plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing, crushing and fermenting 40-50% of sugarcane filter mud, 10-20% of chaff, 10-20% of corncobs, 20-30% of livestock and poultry manure urine, 5-10% of humic acid and 5-10% of microbial agents; (6) transplanting rice seedlings; (7) managing water and fertilizer in the field; (8) comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds; (9) and (6) harvesting. According to the application, organic selenium in soil is activated by using the organic fertilizer consisting of organic materials such as humic acid and agricultural byproducts, selenium is enriched through the physiological mechanism of rice, exogenous selenium is not required to be added, the application amount of a fertilizer is reduced, pesticide residue pollution is reduced, the yield and the quality of rice can be improved, and sustainable development of agricultural production is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rice planting methods, and particularly provides a method for planting selenium-rich rice by utilizing a plant source humic acid organic fertilizer.
Background
Selenium is one ten million in human tissues, but the selenium determines the existence of life, and the selenium has great effect on human health and cannot be replaced by other substances. In recent years, China has raised the development trend of selenium-rich industry, and the varieties of the selenium-rich products are increasing at present, particularly, agricultural products are more. The agricultural products are developed and utilized by relatively mature selenium-rich tea, selenium-rich rice, selenium-rich eggs, selenium-rich poultry meat, selenium-rich edible fungi and selenium-rich vegetables and fruits (sweet potatoes, corns, waxberries, apples and the like).
The rice is a product which is long in abundance and not weak, and the population and the area which take the rice as the staple food are continuously expanded. Along with the development of national economy of China, the living standard of people is continuously improved, and pollution-free high-quality selenium-rich rice is increasingly favored by people. The research on the selenium-rich rice is started from 1990 s and has made a certain progress to 2005. The development speed is obviously accelerated in recent years, the selenium-rich rice becomes a main selenium-rich agricultural product, and the market reaction is good. Meanwhile, the selenium-rich rice meets the consumption requirements of people, people can eat little and good green products to become the main consumption stream of people, and the selenium-rich rice is more and more favored by people along with the deepening of brand promotion and the enhancement of health care consciousness of people, so the selenium-rich rice is a long-term requirement of future social development, can also be a most convenient way for people to take in selenium, fully utilizes the selenium-rich advantage of Guangxi soil, develops the selenium-rich rice, has a market prospect, and can promote the rapid and continuous healthy development of Guangxi selenium-rich advantage and characteristic agriculture.
At present, exogenous selenium is mostly applied to selenium-enriched rice in the market to improve the selenium content of rice, and although the exogenous selenium can improve the selenium content of rice, risks of uneven spraying of selenium fertilizer, residue on the surfaces of crops and the like are easy to occur. Meanwhile, although the total selenium content of the soil in the selenium-rich areas is high, the content of the effective selenium which can be absorbed by crops is a little. If the selenium in the soil can be activated effectively and absorbed by the rice, the green and safe production requirement can be met.
On the other hand, Guangxi is the first major sugarcane production province (region) in China, and sugarcane is the first major agricultural industrialization industry in Guangxi agriculture. In recent years, 4500 ten thousand tons of sugarcane serving as a raw material is produced in Guangxi, and 500 ten thousand tons of waste filter mud is produced at the same time, so that the environment is greatly polluted. On the other hand, the soil organic matter content of the Guangxi cultivated land is low, and a large amount of high-quality harmless organic fertilizer is needed for developing selenium-rich products, green food, pollution-free agricultural products and organic food and improving the soil fertility. Therefore, the method for producing high-quality harmless organic fertilizer by using agricultural waste byproducts has great significance. The method not only can change waste into valuable, realize the cyclic utilization of resources, promote the efficiency improvement of enterprises and farmers, but also can provide high-quality fertilizer sources for the production of selenium-rich foods, organic foods and green foods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a method for planting selenium-rich rice by utilizing a plant source humic acid organic fertilizer, so that the local resources are fully utilized, and green and safe characteristic agriculture is developed.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for planting selenium-rich rice by utilizing a plant source humic acid organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and arranging a seedling bed: selecting a seedling bed with flat terrain and fertile soil, and applying 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of seedling bed; and the carriage surface is leveled, and the carriage surface is guaranteed to be level and free of accumulated water.
(2) Seed disinfection and germination acceleration treatment: A. taking out and draining water after the pre-soaking for 6 to 12 hours; B. soaking the mixture in a solution which is 400 times that of 85% strong chlorine for 12 hours, and then washing and draining the mixture; C. then soaking the seeds in clear water for 6 to 12 hours, draining the seeds, accelerating germination, and sowing the seeds after the seeds break the chest and expose white.
(3) Sowing: sowing early rice in 3-4 months, pressing seeds after sowing, building frames and covering films for cold protection; sowing the late rice in 6-7 months, covering the seedlings with a sunshade net until the seedlings have 1-2 leaves.
(4) Seedling management; before seedling emergence of early rice, a film is arranged and sealed, the temperature in the film is kept to be not more than 30 ℃, and if the temperature in the film is more than 30 ℃, the film is uncovered, ventilated and cooled; after sowing the late rice, the soil is kept moist.
(5) Selecting a paddy field, preparing soil and applying a base fertilizer: selecting field blocks with selenium content more than or equal to 0.4mg/kg and convenient irrigation and drainage for planting; before transplanting, plowing the field, wherein the depth of the plowing is required to be 15-20cm, and the plowing is carried out in combination with fertilization; the field is raked twice, the field base is made and the field side ditches are trimmed after the field is raked for the first time, 250 kg/mu of plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is applied during the field raking for the second time, and the field is raked after the fertilizer is applied for the first time and is ready for planting.
(6) Transplanting rice seedlings: 1.6-2.2 million stumps are guaranteed per mu of the machine-transplanted field, and 8-12 ten thousand seedlings are basically planted; 1.8-2.2 thousands of roots per mu of seedling throwing field are guaranteed, and 10-12 thousands of seedlings are basically planted.
(7) And (3) field water and fertilizer management: after the green returning, applying 50 kg of decomposed bran fertilizer to each mu of land for topdressing; the shallow water is used for returning green, the thin water is used for tillering, seedlings are exposed to the sun and the field is exposed, and the seedlings are dry, wet and mature in the later period; after the seedlings are transplanted, irrigating 3-4cm in the field until the seedlings turn green; keeping the thin water of 1.5-2cm in the field at the tillering stage of the rice; when the total tiller number per mu is 20-25 ten thousand, the sun is needed to be sunned, and ineffective tillering is controlled; after the grouting period, adopting an interval irrigation mode, namely naturally drying for 1-4 days after primary water irrigation, and then irrigating the primary water again; wherein, the water is poured once again after the grouting period naturally dries for 1 to 2 days; naturally drying for 3-4 days in the wax ripening period, and filling water once again.
(8) Comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds: adopting a conventional method to prevent and control diseases and pests; based on body-building cultivation, biological, physical and ecological control is selected as a means for preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and biological pesticides and chemical pesticides are scientifically and reasonably used as auxiliary means in special climates and key periods.
(9) Harvesting: before harvesting, diseased rice ears, barnyard grass plants and weeds with seeds are removed, and the rice ears, the barnyard grass plants and the weeds with seeds are harvested in time in fine time with the maturity of more than 85 percent. I.e. harvesting in rainy days. All tools used in the harvesting process need to be clean and sanitary. After harvesting, the rice needs to be dried in the sun in time until the water content of the rice is below 13.5 percent, and the rice is sold in time after being dried in the sun. The room which is kept at home and is specially used for preventing moisture, insects and rats is temporarily placed, the room is contained by a clean and sanitary appliance, toxic and harmful substances such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers are not required to be stored in the room for containing grains, the temperature and humidity and insect and rat damage are frequently checked, and the humidity, mildew and rat damage are prevented.
Further, in the step (4), the early rice seedlings are also hardened regularly: hardening 1-2 early rice seedlings at regular time, uncovering two ends of the film in the morning on a sunny day, covering the film at 4-5 pm, and covering the film for 2-4 hours in the afternoon on a rainy day; and 2.5, gradually uncovering the film, cooling and hardening seedlings, completely uncovering the film when 3 leaves are fully unfolded, temporarily covering the film in time to keep warm when meeting cold tide, and raising the temperature in the film to be more than 10 ℃. The cold tide means that the temperature is reduced by more than 10 ℃ in one day, and the lowest temperature is lower than 5 ℃.
Further, in the step (5), deep ploughing in winter and planting green manure and returning to the field, and simultaneously returning to the field by matching with straw to increase the field fertility, wherein the using amount of the straw is 300-400 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the straw is returned to the field and the hydrated lime is applied, the using amount of the hydrated lime is 50-60 kg/mu, and the field fertility is further improved. Further, the green manure is astragalus sinicus, rape or rutabaga.
Further, in the step (5), the plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is prepared by natural fermentation of the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of sugarcane filter mud, 10-20% of chaff, 10-20% of corncobs, 20-30% of livestock and poultry manure urine, 5-10% of humic acid and 5-10% of green ridge microbial agent. The microbial agent is a microbial agent produced by Shandong Lvong Biotechnology Co.
Further, the preparation method of the plant source humic acid organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: crushing the corncobs, uniformly mixing the crushed corncobs with the husks, the filtered mud of the sugarcane and the feces and urine of the livestock and poultry, then adding the microbial agent and uniformly mixing, piling the uniformly mixed materials into strips to allow the strips to be naturally fermented, turning the piles once every 7 to 8 days, and completing the fermentation within 20 to 25 days to obtain the plant source humic acid organic fertilizer.
Furthermore, during the natural fermentation period, air is introduced into the bottom of the material through an air pump and an air pipe with an air outlet.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the planting method of the selenium-rich rice does not need to add exogenous selenium, and pesticide residue pollution is reduced.
2. Organic fertilizer consisting of organic materials such as humic acid, agricultural byproducts and the like can activate organic selenium in soil, improve the content of effective selenium in the soil and further promote the absorption of selenium by rice.
3. Selenium is enriched through the physiological mechanism of rice, and the rice planting process is simple and easy to manage. The selenium content of the rice reaches the national selenium-rich standard.
4. A large amount of agricultural byproducts can be consumed and treated by producing and using the humic acid organic fertilizer, so that the resource can be recycled. The application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the consumption requirement of people on eating less and good green products is met.
5. The yield of rice produced by using the humic acid organic fertilizer is increased by 4.3-5.6%, the selenium content reaches 0.22-0.29mg/kg, the yield is increased by 85-100% compared with the conventional fertilizer application treatment, the whole rice rate is improved by 4.1-5.2%, the chalky rice rate is reduced by 2.9-4.5%, the rice is fragrant, and the rice is soft and elastic. The selenium-rich paddy is 1.6 yuan/kg higher than the ordinary paddy, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
6. The ecological environment is obviously improved. The use amount of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers is controlled to the maximum extent, the pesticide application frequency is reduced, and beneficial insects are increased. Meanwhile, the pollution of soil, water sources and agricultural products is effectively prevented, the ecological environment is protected, the sustainable development of agricultural production is facilitated, and a beautiful living space is created for people.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in 2017, a demonstration base is established in Shanguan county-village committee in Yanshan mountain areas in Guilin city, the soil selenium content of the base reaches 0.89mg/kg, the base belongs to selenium-rich soil, the demonstration area is 246 mu, and the planting variety is conventional rice 'Baixiang 139'.
The planting steps are as follows:
(1) selecting and arranging a seedling bed: selecting a seedling bed with flat terrain and fertile soil in the secondary village, and applying 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of the seedling bed; and the carriage surface is leveled, and the carriage surface is guaranteed to be level and free of accumulated water.
(2) Seed disinfection and germination acceleration treatment: A. taking out after the water is presoaked for 12 hours and draining the water; B. soaking the mixture in a solution which is 400 times that of 85% strong chlorine for 12 hours, and then washing and draining the mixture; C. then soaking the seeds in clear water for 6 hours, draining the seeds, accelerating germination, and sowing the seeds after the seeds break the chest and expose white, wherein the temperature is 30 +/-5 ℃ and the humidity is 75-85% during accelerating germination.
(3) Sowing: sowing and raising seedlings in 25 days in 6 months, and covering the seedlings with a sunshade net until 1-2 leaves are grown out.
(4) Seedling management; after sowing, attention is paid to keep the soil moist.
(5) Selecting a paddy field, preparing soil and applying a base fertilizer: before transplanting, plowing the field, wherein the depth of the plowing is required to be 15-20cm, and the plowing is carried out in combination with fertilization; the field is raked by pears twice, the field base is made and the field side ditches are trimmed after the field is raked for the first time, 280 kg/mu of plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is applied during the field raking for the second time, and the field is plowed and raked to be ready for planting after the fertilizer is applied.
The plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is prepared by naturally fermenting the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of sugarcane filter mud, 15% of chaff, 15% of corncobs, 20% of livestock and poultry manure, 5% of humic acid and 5% of microbial agent. The microbial agent is a multi-bacterium microbial agent produced by Shandong Lvong Biotechnology GmbH. Crushing corncobs, uniformly mixing the crushed corncobs with husks, filtered sugarcane mud and livestock manure and urine, adding a microbial agent, uniformly mixing, and piling the uniformly mixed materials into strips to allow the strips to be naturally fermented. During natural fermentation, air is introduced to the bottom of the material through an air pump and an air pipe with an air outlet, the air is introduced once every 2-3 days, the pile is turned over once every 7-8 days, and the fermentation is completed in 20-25 days, so that the plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is obtained.
(6) Transplanting rice seedlings: and selecting seedlings with consistent size and good growth vigor for transplanting in 7 months and 13 days. The seedling is thrown manually, 1.8-2 million roots per mu, and the basic seedling reaches 10-11 million seedlings.
(7) And (3) field water and fertilizer management: after the green returning, applying 50 kg of decomposed peanut bran fertilizer to each mu of land for topdressing; and (4) performing light water greening and thin water tillering, enabling seedlings to be exposed to the sun, and drying, wetting and maturing at the later stage.
(8) Comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the field management measures of weeding, spraying and the like are consistent with the conventional planting method.
(9) Harvesting: harvest 11/2/2017.
Comparative example 1
In 2017, the rice is planted in the wild goose mountainous area of Guilin city in contrast in the big-port countryside plus village, the planting area is 6 mu, and the planted variety is conventional rice 'Baixiang 139'. The method adopts conventional chemical fertilizer planting, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting and arranging a seedling bed: selecting a seedling bed with flat terrain and fertile soil in the secondary village, and applying 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of the seedling bed; and the carriage surface is leveled, and the carriage surface is guaranteed to be level and free of accumulated water.
(2) Seed disinfection and germination acceleration treatment: soaking in clear water for 18 hours, taking out, draining water, accelerating germination, and sowing after the seeds break the chest and expose white.
(3) Sowing: sowing and raising seedlings in 26 days in 6 months, and covering the seedlings with a sunshade net until 1.5 leaves are grown out of the seedlings.
(4) Seedling management; after sowing, attention is paid to keep the soil moist.
(5) Selecting a paddy field, preparing soil and applying a base fertilizer: before transplanting, plowing the field, wherein the depth of the plowing is required to be 15-20cm, and the plowing is carried out in combination with fertilization; the field is raked by pears twice, the field base is made and the field side ditches are trimmed after the field is raked for the first time, 80 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied during the field raking for the second time, and the field is plowed and raked after the fertilizer is applied for the first time and is ready for planting.
(6) Transplanting rice seedlings: and selecting seedlings with consistent size and good growth vigor for transplanting in 7 months and 15 days. The seedling is thrown manually, 1.8-2 million roots per mu, and the basic seedling reaches 10-11 million seedlings.
(7) And (3) field water and fertilizer management: after the green returning, 20 kg of urea and 15 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of land; and (4) performing light water greening and thin water tillering, enabling seedlings to be exposed to the sun, and drying, wetting and maturing at the later stage.
(8) Comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the field management measures of weeding, spraying and the like are consistent with the conventional planting method.
(9) Harvesting: harvest 11/4 in 2017.
Through field yield measurement, the average yield per mu of the embodiment is 465 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 5.1 percent compared with the conventional fertilizer planting field of the comparative embodiment. The selenium content of the first embodiment reaches 0.29mg/kg, which is increased by 100 percent compared with the conventional fertilizer application treatment of the first comparative embodiment, the whole rice rate is improved by 5.2 percent, and the chalky rice rate is reduced by 4.5 percent. The selenium-rich paddy of the first embodiment is 1.2 yuan/kg higher than the ordinary paddy of the first comparative embodiment, and has remarkable economic benefit.
Example two:
in 2018, a demonstration base is established in Potentilla chinensis, Baishou Zhenjiang Yancun, Yongfu county, Guilin city, the soil selenium content of the base reaches 0.65mg/kg, the base belongs to selenium-rich soil, the demonstration area is 214 mu, and the planted varieties are conventional rice, i.e., willow incense occupation, ivory incense occupation and the like.
The planting steps are as follows:
(1) selecting and arranging a seedling bed: selecting a seedling bed with flat terrain and fertile soil in the secondary village, and applying 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of the seedling bed; and the carriage surface is leveled, and the carriage surface is guaranteed to be level and free of accumulated water.
(2) Seed disinfection and germination acceleration treatment: A. taking out and draining water after the water is presoaked for 10 hours; B. soaking the mixture in a solution which is 400 times that of 85% strong chlorine for 12 hours, and then washing and draining the mixture; C. then soaking the seeds in clear water for 8 hours, draining the seeds, accelerating germination, and sowing the seeds after the seeds break the chest and expose white, wherein the temperature is 30 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity is 75-85% during accelerating germination.
(3) Sowing: seeding and raising seedlings in 20 days in 6 months, and covering the seedlings with a sunshade net until 1.5 leaves are grown out of the seedlings.
(4) Seedling management; after sowing, attention is paid to keep the soil moist.
(5) Selecting a paddy field, preparing soil and applying a base fertilizer: in 2017, the field fertility is increased by deep ploughing and planting milk vetch and returning the milk vetch to the field in winter and combining with returning rice straw to the field, and the soil fertility is improved by measures such as slaked lime improvement of an acid field and the like. The using amount of the straws is 400 kg/mu, and the using amount of the hydrated lime is 50 kg/mu.
Before transplanting, plowing the field, wherein the depth of the plowing is required to be 15-20cm, and the plowing is carried out in combination with fertilization; and (3) raking the field blocks twice by adopting pears, making the field base and trimming the field edge ditches after the field blocks are raked for the first time, applying 300 kg/mu of plant source humic acid organic fertilizer during the field raking for the second time, applying fertilizer first and then raking the field to complete the field for waiting for planting.
The plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is prepared by naturally fermenting the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of sugarcane filter mud, 10% of chaff, 10% of corncobs, 20% of livestock and poultry manure, 10% of humic acid and 5% of microbial agent. The microbial agent is a multi-bacterium microbial agent produced by Shandong Lvong Biotechnology GmbH. Crushing corncobs, uniformly mixing the crushed corncobs with husks, filtered sugarcane mud and livestock manure and urine, adding a microbial agent, uniformly mixing, and piling the uniformly mixed materials into strips to allow the strips to be naturally fermented. During natural fermentation, air is introduced to the bottom of the material through an air pump and an air pipe with an air outlet, the air is introduced once every 2-3 days, the pile is turned over once every 7-8 days, and the fermentation is completed in 20-25 days, so that the plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is obtained.
(6) Transplanting rice seedlings: and selecting seedlings with consistent size and good growth vigor for transplanting in 7 months and 8 days. The seedling is thrown manually, 1.8-2 million roots per mu, and the basic seedling reaches 10-11 million seedlings.
(7) And (3) field water and fertilizer management: after the green returning, applying 50 kg of decomposed peanut bran fertilizer to each mu of land for topdressing; and (4) performing light water greening and thin water tillering, enabling seedlings to be exposed to the sun, and drying, wetting and maturing at the later stage.
(8) Comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the field management measures of weeding, spraying and the like are consistent with the conventional planting method.
(9) Harvesting: harvest in 2018, 10 months and 20 days.
Comparative example 2
In 2018, the rice is planted in Baishou Zhenjiang rock village in Yongfu county, Guilin city, the planting area is 8 mu, and the planted variety is conventional rice 'Liuxiang accounts'. Selenium in soil is activated by adding common humic acid fertilizer, and other conventional operations are adopted, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) selecting and arranging a seedling bed: selecting a seedling bed with flat terrain and fertile soil in the secondary village, and applying 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of the seedling bed; and the carriage surface is leveled, and the carriage surface is guaranteed to be level and free of accumulated water.
(2) Seed disinfection and germination acceleration treatment: soaking in clear water for 20 hr, taking out, draining, accelerating germination, and sowing after the seeds break the chest and expose white.
(3) Sowing: seeding and raising seedlings in 20 days in 6 months, and covering the seedlings with a sunshade net until 1.5 leaves are grown out of the seedlings.
(4) Seedling management; after sowing, attention is paid to keep the soil moist.
(5) Selecting a paddy field, preparing soil and applying a base fertilizer: before transplanting, plowing the field, wherein the depth of the plowing is required to be 15-20cm, and the plowing is carried out in combination with fertilization; the field is raked by pears twice, the field base is made and the field side ditches are trimmed after the field is raked for the first time, humic acid fertilizer is applied for 300 kg/mu during the field raking for the second time, and the field is plowed and raked to be ready for planting after the fertilizer is applied. The humic acid fertilizer is a commercially available humic acid fertilizer, and is prepared by uniformly stirring farmyard manure, corn straw powder and humic acid and naturally fermenting with EM (effective microorganisms) strains.
(6) Transplanting rice seedlings: and selecting seedlings with consistent size and good growth vigor for transplanting in 7 months and 8 days. The seedling is thrown manually, 1.8-2 million roots per mu, and the basic seedling reaches 10-11 million seedlings.
(7) And (3) field water and fertilizer management: after the green returning, applying 50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of land for topdressing; and (4) field management, namely, shallow water greening, thin water tillering, enough seedlings exposed to the sun, and dry, wet and mature in the later period.
(8) Comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the field management measures of weeding, spraying and the like are consistent with the conventional planting method.
(9) Harvesting: harvest in 2018, 10 months and 20 days.
Through field measurement, the yield per mu of the second embodiment is 472 kg/mu, which is increased by 5.6% compared with the conventional fertilizer planting field of the first comparative embodiment and is increased by 3.6% compared with the conventional fertilizer planting field of the second comparative embodiment. The selenium content reaches 0.25mg/kg, which is increased by 0.08mg/kg compared with the second comparative example, and the effective selenium content in the soil is higher than that in the second comparative example. Compared with the conventional fertilizer application treatment, the selenium content is increased by 87%, the whole rice rate is improved by 4.5%, and the chalky rice rate is reduced by 3.7%.
Example three:
in 2018, a demonstration base is established in Potentilla chinensis of Yanshan village of Xian town in the Guilin city, the soil selenium content of the base reaches 0.75mg/kg, the base belongs to selenium-rich soil, the demonstration area is 189 mu, and the planting varieties are conventional rice, namely ivory occupation, beautiful occupation and the like.
The planting steps are as follows:
(1) selecting and arranging a seedling bed: selecting a seedling bed with flat terrain and fertile soil in the secondary village, and applying 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of the seedling bed; and the carriage surface is leveled, and the carriage surface is guaranteed to be level and free of accumulated water.
(2) Seed disinfection and germination acceleration treatment: A. taking out after the water is presoaked for 12 hours and draining the water; B. soaking the mixture in a solution which is 400 times that of 85% strong chlorine for 12 hours, and then washing and draining the mixture; C. and then soaking the seeds in clear water for 6 hours, draining the seeds for accelerating germination, paying attention to temperature and humidity during accelerating germination, and sowing the seeds after the seeds break the chest and are white.
(3) Sowing: sowing and raising seedlings in 15 days in 6 months, and covering the seedlings with a sunshade net until 1.5 leaves are grown out of the seedlings.
(4) Seedling management; after sowing, attention is paid to keep the soil moist.
(5) Selecting a paddy field, preparing soil and applying a base fertilizer: in 2017, the field fertility is increased by deep ploughing and planting milk vetch and returning the milk vetch to the field in winter and combining with returning rice straw to the field, and the soil fertility is improved by measures such as slaked lime improvement of an acid field and the like.
Before transplanting, plowing the field, wherein the depth of the plowing is required to be 15-20cm, and the plowing is carried out in combination with fertilization; and (3) raking the field blocks twice by adopting pears, making the field base and trimming the field edge ditches after the field blocks are raked for the first time, applying 300 kg/mu of plant source humic acid organic fertilizer during the field raking for the second time, applying fertilizer first and then raking the field to complete the field for waiting for planting.
The plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is prepared by naturally fermenting the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of sugarcane filter mud, 10% of chaff, 10% of corncobs, 20% of livestock and poultry manure, 5% of humic acid and 5% of microbial agent. The microbial agent is a multi-bacterium microbial agent produced by Shandong Lvong Biotechnology GmbH. Crushing corncobs, uniformly mixing the crushed corncobs with husks, filtered sugarcane mud and livestock manure and urine, adding a microbial agent, uniformly mixing, and piling the uniformly mixed materials into strips to allow the strips to be naturally fermented. During natural fermentation, air is introduced to the bottom of the material through an air pump and an air pipe with an air outlet, the air is introduced once every 2-3 days, the pile is turned over once every 7-8 days, and the fermentation is completed in 20-25 days, so that the plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is obtained.
(6) Transplanting rice seedlings: and selecting seedlings with consistent size and good growth vigor for transplanting in 3 days in 7 months. The seedling is thrown manually, 1.8-2 million roots per mu, and the basic seedling reaches 10-11 million seedlings.
(7) And (3) field water and fertilizer management: after the green returning, applying 50 kg of decomposed peanut bran fertilizer to each mu of land for topdressing; and (4) performing light water greening and thin water tillering, enabling seedlings to be exposed to the sun, and drying, wetting and maturing at the later stage.
(8) Comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the field management measures of weeding, spraying and the like are consistent with the conventional planting method.
(9) Harvesting: harvest in 2018, 10 and 18 days.
Comparative example three
In 2018, the Xianzhen Yanshan villages are planted in a contrasting manner in a Guilin city near Guigui area, the planting area is 6 mu, and the planted variety is conventional rice 'Meixiangzhan'. Selenium-enriched rice is planted by spraying selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer, and other conventional operations are adopted, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) selecting and arranging a seedling bed: selecting a seedling field with flat terrain and fertile soil in the secondary village, and applying 800-1200kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of the seedling field; and the carriage surface is leveled, and the carriage surface is guaranteed to be level and free of accumulated water.
(2) Seed disinfection and germination acceleration treatment: soaking in clear water for 20 hr, taking out, draining, accelerating germination, and sowing after the seeds break the chest and expose white.
(3) Sowing: sowing and raising seedlings in 15 days in 6 months, and covering the seedlings with a sunshade net until 1.5 leaves are grown out of the seedlings.
(4) Seedling management; after sowing, attention is paid to keep the soil moist.
(5) Selecting a paddy field, preparing soil and applying a base fertilizer:
before transplanting, plowing the field, wherein the depth of the plowing is required to be 15-20cm, and the plowing is carried out in combination with fertilization; and (3) raking the field twice, namely raking the field twice, making a field base and trimming a field edge ditch, applying 50-80 kg/mu of compound fertilizer during field raking for the second time, applying the fertilizer first and then raking the field to prepare the field for planting.
(6) Transplanting rice seedlings: and selecting seedlings with consistent size and good growth vigor for transplanting in 7 months and 4 days. The seedling is thrown manually, 1.8-2 million roots per mu, and the basic seedling reaches 10-11 million seedlings.
(7) And (3) field water and fertilizer management: after the green returning, 20 kg of urea and 15 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of land; and uniformly spraying selenium-rich foliar fertilizer at the last stage of booting, wherein the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 6 days for 2 times. And (4) field management, namely, shallow water greening, thin water tillering, enough seedlings exposed to the sun, and dry, wet and mature in the later period.
(8) Comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the field management measures of weeding, spraying and the like are consistent with the conventional planting method.
(9) Harvesting: harvest in 2018, 10 and 19 days.
By field measurement, the yield of three acres in the embodiment is 465 kg/acre, and the selenium content reaches 0.25 mg/kg. The selenium content is about the same as the average value of the third comparative example, but the selenium content in the third example is 0.25mg/kg, 0.23mg/kg, 0.25mg/kg, 0.26mg/kg and 0.26mg/kg respectively, and the selenium content in the rice detected by sampling in the third comparative example is 0.23mg/kg, 0.08mg/kg, 0.18mg/kg, 0.38mg/kg and 0.26mg/kg respectively, which have larger differences.
Therefore, the green manure, the straws and the hydrated lime are combined to return to the field, so that the soil fertility can be increased, the effective selenium in the soil can be activated, and the rice yield can be increased. Organic selenium in soil is further activated through a self-made plant source humic acid organic fertilizer, and scientific field management is matched. Compared with a planting mode of adding exogenous selenium, the method can reduce the application amount of the fertilizer, reduce the pesticide residue pollution, improve the yield and the quality of rice and be beneficial to the sustainable development of agricultural production.
It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (2)
1. A method for planting selenium-rich rice by utilizing a plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting and arranging a seedling bed: selecting a seedling field with flat terrain and fertile soil, and applying 800-1200kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of seedling field; leveling the carriage surface to ensure that the carriage surface is smooth and has no accumulated water;
(2) seed disinfection and germination acceleration treatment: A. taking out and draining water after the pre-soaking for 6 to 12 hours; B. soaking the mixture in a solution which is 400 times that of 85% strong chlorine for 12 hours, and then washing and draining the mixture; C. soaking in clear water for 6-12 hr, draining, germinating, and sowing after the seeds are white;
(3) sowing: sowing early rice in 3-4 months, pressing seeds after sowing, building frames and covering films for cold protection; sowing the late rice for 6-7 months, covering the seedlings with a sunshade net until the seedlings have 1-2 leaves;
(4) seedling management; before seedling emergence of early rice, a film is arranged and sealed, the temperature in the film is kept to be not more than 30 ℃, and if the temperature in the film is more than 30 ℃, the film is uncovered, ventilated and cooled; after sowing the late rice, keeping the soil moist;
the early rice seedlings are also hardened regularly: hardening 1-2 early rice seedlings at regular time, uncovering two ends of the film in the morning on a sunny day, covering the film at 4-5 pm, and covering the film for 2-4 hours in the afternoon on a rainy day; 2.5, gradually uncovering the film, cooling and hardening seedlings, completely uncovering the film when 3 leaves are fully unfolded, temporarily covering the film in time to keep warm when meeting cold tide, and raising the temperature in the film to be more than 10 ℃;
(5) selecting a paddy field, preparing soil and applying a base fertilizer: selecting field blocks with selenium content more than or equal to 0.4mg/kg and convenient irrigation and drainage for planting; before transplanting, plowing the field, wherein the depth of the plowing is required to be 15-20cm, and the plowing is carried out in combination with fertilization; plowing and harrowing are carried out on the field block twice, the field base is made and the field side ditches are repaired after harrowing is carried out for the first time, 250 kg/mu of plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is applied during harrowing for the second time, and the field is prepared and ready for planting after the fertilizer is applied first;
deep ploughing in winter, planting green manure and returning to the field, and returning straws to the field to increase the field fertility, wherein the using amount of the straws is 300-;
applying hydrated lime while returning the straws to the field, wherein the using amount of the hydrated lime is 50-60 kg/mu;
the plant source humic acid organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of sugarcane filter mud, 10-20% of chaff, 10-20% of corncobs, 20-30% of livestock and poultry manure urine, 5-10% of humic acid and 5-10% of green ridge microbial agent;
(6) transplanting rice seedlings: 1.6-2.2 million stumps are guaranteed per mu of the machine-transplanted field, and 8-12 ten thousand seedlings are basically planted; 1.8-2.2 thousands of roots per mu of seedling throwing field are guaranteed, and 10-12 thousands of seedlings are basically planted;
(7) and (3) field water and fertilizer management: after the green returning, applying 50 kg of decomposed bran fertilizer to each mu of land for topdressing; the shallow water is used for returning green, the thin water is used for tillering, seedlings are exposed to the sun and the field is exposed, and the seedlings are dry, wet and mature in the later period;
(8) comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the conventional method is adopted for pest control, and prevention is mainly combined with prevention;
(9) harvesting: before harvesting, diseased rice ears, barnyard grass plants and weeds with seeds are removed, and the rice ears, the barnyard grass plants and the weeds with seeds are harvested in time in fine time with the maturity of more than 85 percent.
2. The method for planting selenium-rich rice by utilizing the plant-derived humic acid organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the green manure is astragalus sinicus, rape or rutabaga.
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| CN114213194A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-22 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Selenium activation method for planting soil |
| CN114303834A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-12 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Planting method of selenium-rich highland barley |
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