CN110226440B

CN110226440B - Method for growing seedlings of Nitraria tangutorum bobr in open field

Info

Publication number: CN110226440B
Application number: CN201811321339.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王进; 冯起; 刘蔚; 张勇; 颜霞; 李军元
Original assignee: Hexi University; Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Current assignee: Northwest Institute Of Ecological Environment And Resources Chinese Academy Of Sciences; Hexi University
Priority date: 2018-11-07
Filing date: 2018-11-07
Publication date: 2022-04-29
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-07
Also published as: CN110226440A

Abstract

The invention discloses an open field seedling raising method for tangut white thorn, which comprises the following steps: collecting and processing seeds, sowing and raising seedlings, managing seedling stage and transplanting. The method provided by the invention can obviously improve the emergence rate of the nitraria tangutorum bobr and the basic field seedling height, and has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, time and labor saving, low seedling management and protection cost, low seed consumption, high outplanting quantity and wide application range.

Description

Method for growing seedlings of Nitraria tangutorum bobr in open field

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a method for raising seedlings of Tangut white thorn in open field.

Background

Tangut white thorn (Nitraria tangutorum) is a dryland and super-dryland shrub of the genus Nitraria (Zygophylaceae) and is mainly distributed in northwest arid desert, alpine region and northern coastal saline area in China. It not only has better drought resistance, cold resistance and saline-alkali resistance, but also has more outstanding soil-fixing and sand-improving performance, is one of the main afforestation tree species for biological sand control in arid regions of China, and is the host of the traditional Chinese medicine ' desert ginseng ' cynomorium songaricum '.

The Tangut Nitraria sibirica is a common wild halophyte in northwest China, has high economic, ecological and medicinal values, has a developed root system, and is an effective way for improving saline-alkali soil and solving the situation of 'sand entering and receding from the human body' by planting the Tangut Nitraria sibirica. It is used as a berry-shaped stone fruit plant which is rarely seen in the sandy plants, the fruit is similar to cherry in color, shape and taste, and the fruit has the reputation of 'desert cherry'. However, the tangut white spiny population is sensitive to environmental interference, and the transient collection inevitably causes negative effects on the local fragile ecological environment. In recent years, along with the transition of natural environments, especially, the change of moisture and the artificial unreasonable utilization have led to a great reduction in the white thorn resources.

Aiming at the current situation, the method of artificial cultivation is mostly adopted to carry out the seedling culture of the Nitraria tangutorum bobr, and the existing seedling culture method has the following problems:

(1) seeds are sown without breaking dormancy, so that the field emergence rate is low, and the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking are serious;

(2) the survival rate of the seedlings is low, so that the seeding amount is high, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and the cost is high;

(3) the seedlings are seriously damaged by weeds, plant diseases and insect pests, the growth speed is slow, the growth vigor is poor, and the seedling rate is low.

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved at present is to provide an open field seedling raising method of tangut nitraria which has the advantages of high seedling raising speed, high basic seedling raising in the field, simple operation and low cost.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the above problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and, as a result, found that: the method has the advantages that the dormancy breaking treatment of the seeds of the nitraria tangutorum bobr, the fine soil preparation and fertilization before sowing, the addition of the seedling culture substrate in a seedbed, the additional fertilization in the growth period, the weeding and the like are carried out, the emergence rate and the basic field seedling height can be obviously improved, the method is simple and convenient to operate, time and labor are saved, the seedling management and protection cost is low, the seed consumption is low, and the outplanting amount is high, so that the method is completed.

Specifically, the present invention aims to provide the following:

the invention provides a Tangut white thorn open field seedling raising method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, collecting and processing seeds;

step 2, sowing and seedling raising;

step 3, seedling management;

and 4, transplanting.

Wherein the step 1 comprises the following substeps:

step 1-1, collecting fruits of Nitraria tangutorum bobr;

step 1-2, performing seed taking treatment on collected fruits;

step 1-3, selecting seeds;

step 1-4, treating seeds;

step 1-5, cleaning the treated seeds;

step 1-6, low-temperature stratification is carried out on the cleaned seeds;

and 1-7, carrying out drying treatment on the seeds treated in the step 1-6.

In the step 1-4, the seed is soaked in a strong alkali solution, wherein the strong alkali solution is one or more of a sodium hydroxide solution, a potassium hydroxide solution, a barium hydroxide solution or saturated limewater.

Wherein the step 2 comprises the following substeps:

step 2-1, selecting land to prepare a seedbed;

step 2-2, treating the seedbed;

and 2-3, sowing.

In the step 2-2, a layer of mixture consisting of biogas residues, vinegar residues and wet river sand is paved on the prepared seedbed to improve the organic matter content of the soil and increase the porosity.

Wherein the mass ratio of the biogas residues, the vinegar residues and the wet river sand is (2-4): (1-3) 4.

In the step 2-3, the sowing comprises the steps of forming a shallow trench on the treated seedbed, then spreading a layer of seedling raising substrate at the bottom of the shallow trench, and covering sand after sowing.

The seedling culture substrate comprises rice bran, plant ash, vermiculite, perlite and zinc sulfate, and the weight ratio is (50-60): (25-40): (10-15): (10-15): (0.5 to 1).

Wherein in the step 3, the seedling management comprises reseeding, weeding, topdressing and pest control,

wherein, the top dressing is carried out in combination with water irrigation, preferably 3 times, during the whole growth period.

Wherein the additional fertilizer is one or more of urea, phosphorus diamine or compound fertilizer, preferably compound fertilizer,

preferably, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

5-15 parts of urea

2-6 parts of phosphorus diamine

5-15 parts of fulvic acid concentrated solution.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) according to the method for raising the seedlings of the Tanggute white thorn open field, the seeds are extracted by fermentation, the method is simple and convenient, labor and time are saved, and the operation is easy;

(2) according to the method for raising seedlings of Tanggute white stinging open field provided by the invention, the seeds are subjected to air separation, screening and water separation, so that the cleanliness, consistency and robustness are obviously improved;

(3) according to the method for raising seedlings in the open field of Tangut white thorn provided by the invention, seeds are treated by alkali liquor and then are washed and soaked, so that germination inhibitors in the seeds can be effectively removed, and then the seeds without the germination inhibitors are subjected to low-temperature lamination treatment, so that the postripeness dormancy of the seeds can be broken, and the germination rate of the seeds and the field emergence rate are improved;

(4) according to the method for raising seedlings in the open field of Tanggute, provided by the invention, the seedlings are subjected to weeding, irrigation and fertilization tending in the seedling period, and the seed herbicide is applied in the growth period by combining irrigation, so that the growth of the seedlings is promoted, the weeding cost is reduced, and the field seedling rate in adverse conditions is improved;

(5) according to the method for raising seedlings of Tanggute radix-white thorn open field provided by the invention, the seedlings are dug before overwintering and are temporarily planted, the winter management and protection risks of the seedlings are reduced, the flexibility of field planting is changed, and the planting survival rate is improved;

(6) according to the method for raising seedlings in the open field of Tanggute, seedlings are uniform, basic seedlings in the field are increased, the growth of the seedlings is promoted, the number of branches of the seedlings is small, the commodity is good, the volume of each plant is small, and the method is convenient to pick, transport and fix;

(7) according to the method for raising seedlings of Tanggute radix-white spiny open field provided by the invention, the basic seedlings in the field reach 19-23 ten thousand plants/mu, the annual seedling height reaches 30-50 cm, the seeding amount is reduced by 1/5, the cultivation cost is reduced, and the method is suitable for large-scale cultivation and planting;

(8) the method for growing seedlings in the open field of the Tanggute white thorn provided by the invention has good replay effect and wide application range.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.

The invention provides a Tangut white thorn open field seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, collecting and processing seeds;

step 2, sowing and seedling raising;

step 3, seedling management;

and 4, transplanting.

The specific steps of the method of the invention are further described below:

step 1, collecting and processing seeds.

In the present invention, the step 1 includes the following substeps:

step 1-1, collecting fruits of Nitraria tangutorum bobr.

In the invention, the fruit collection time is from late 7 months to early 10 months, and mature fruits are collected in a seed collection garden or a wild Tanggute white thorn distribution area.

Wherein, the stock plant with strong tree vigor, robustness, dense fruit and no plant diseases and insect pests is selected as a seed collecting plant, and uniform, full and mature fruits without plant diseases and insect pests are collected by a stroking method, a picking method or a knocking and picking method.

In the present invention, it is preferable to sun-dry the collected fruits to prevent the fruits from mildewing and rotting and affecting the vitality of the seeds.

And 1-2, performing seed taking treatment on the collected fruits.

In the invention, a fermentation method is adopted to carry out seed taking on fruits, and the seed taking comprises the following steps:

step 1-2-1, adding water into the fruits, and fermenting at room temperature.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, before water is added to the fruit, the branches, leaves and impurities in the fruit are removed, and then the fruit is placed in a wash basin, a porcelain jar, a sealed plastic bag or a cement pond.

In a further preferred embodiment, the ratio of the mass of added water to the mass of fruit) is (5 to 25): -100, preferably (8-22): -100, more preferably (10-20): 100.

in a further preferred embodiment, the fermentation time is 3 to 5 days.

And 1-2-2, removing the fruit pulp of the fermentation product.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the fermented product is packed in a nylon mesh bag, repeatedly kneaded to break the fruit, and then washed with running water to remove the pulp.

And (1) removing peel to obtain seeds in the step (2-3).

In the invention, the residue of the fermented product without the fruit pulp is taken out and placed in a container, the fruit peel is removed by adopting flowing water by utilizing the specific gravity difference of the fruit peel and the seeds, and the seeds are taken out and dried in the shade for standby.

Step 1-3, selecting seeds.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the selection of the seeds comprises three steps of air separation, screening and water separation.

The inventor finds that the purity, consistency and robustness of the seeds of nitraria tangutorum can be effectively improved after the seeds are subjected to air separation, screening and water separation.

In a further preferred embodiment, the screening is performed with a 3mm sieve to remove impurities from the seeds.

In a further preferred embodiment, the water is selected from the group consisting of water, agitation of the screened seeds, and soaking of the seeds for a period of time to eliminate floating blighted or damaged seeds.

Preferably, the stirring time is 6-12 min, preferably 10min, and the seed soaking time is 3-6 h, preferably 4-5 h.

In the invention, through the selection, the plump, tidy, robust and high-vitality seeds are selected and obtained and then stored for later use.

And 1-4, treating the seeds.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the treatment of the seeds is soaking the seeds in a strong alkaline solution.

In a further preferred embodiment, the strong alkaline solution is one or more of a sodium hydroxide solution, a potassium hydroxide solution, a barium hydroxide solution or saturated limewater.

The inventor of the invention finds that the method for soaking seeds in the prior art, such as warm water seed soaking, sulfuric acid seed soaking, water-drought alternation and other methods, can not completely break the dormancy of the seeds. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the seed is soaked in a strong alkaline solution to dissolve the pectin at the germination opening of the seed and the hydrophobic pectin on the seed coat and to dissolve the germination inhibitor in the seed coat. After soaking and cleaning, the germination inhibitor in the seed coat can be separated out, and the dormancy of the seed inhibitor is broken.

In a still further preferred embodiment, the strong alkaline solution is one or more of a sodium hydroxide solution, a potassium hydroxide solution or saturated limewater.

Preferably, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-6 mol/L, preferably 0.75-5 mol/L, and more preferably 1-4 mol/L;

the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 0.5-5.5 mol/L, preferably 0.75-4.5 mol/L, and more preferably 1-3 mol/L.

The inventor of the invention discovers that the effect of breaking dormancy of the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds is best when the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-6 mol/L, preferably 0.75-5 mol/L, and more preferably 1-4 mol/L. When the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is less than 0.5mol/L, pectin on the seeds cannot be removed, and germination inhibitors on the seed coats cannot be dissolved, so that the dormancy release of the seeds is influenced; when the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is more than 6mol/L, part of the seeds with thin peels, shallow dormancy and less pectin can be dissolved in a short time, the germination mouth is unfolded, and the seed coat and the cell membrane at the germination mouth can be dissolved, so that the vitality of the seeds is lost.

When the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 0.5-5.5 mol/L, preferably 0.75-4.5 mol/L, and more preferably 1-3 mol/L, the effect of breaking dormancy of the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds is best. When the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is less than 0.5mol/L, pectin and germination inhibitors on the seeds cannot be removed, and dormancy release of the seeds is influenced; when the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is more than 5.5mol/L, part of the seeds with thin peels, shallow dormancy and less pectin can be dissolved in a short time, the germination openings are unfolded, the seed coats and cell membranes at the germination openings are dissolved, and the vitality of the seeds is lost.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soaking time of the seeds in the sodium hydroxide solution is 20 to 70min, preferably 30 to 60 min;

the soaking time of the seeds in the potassium hydroxide solution is 20-60 min, preferably 30-50 min;

the soaking time of the seeds in the saturated lime water is 20-28 h, preferably 22-26 h, and more preferably 24 h.

The strong alkaline solution is used for soaking the seeds until the germination openings are transparent but not unfolded, so that the seed coats are breathable and permeable, and germination inhibiting substances can pass through the seeds.

The inventor finds that when the soaking time of the seeds in the sodium hydroxide solution is less than 30min, the soaking time is too short, so that pectin on the seeds cannot be completely removed, and germination inhibitors cannot be dissolved, thereby influencing the dormancy release of the seeds; when the soaking time of the seeds in the sodium hydroxide solution is more than 70min, the soaking time is too long, pectin of partial seeds with thin peels, shallow dormancy and less pectin is dissolved in a short time, a germination opening is unfolded, seed coats and cell membranes of the germination opening are dissolved, and the seeds lose viability.

When the seed is soaked in the potassium hydroxide solution for less than 20min, pectin on seed coats and germination openings cannot be completely removed, and germination inhibitors cannot be dissolved, so that the dormancy release of the seed is influenced; when the seed is soaked in the potassium hydroxide solution for more than 60min, pectin of part of the seed with thin peel, light dormancy and less pectin is dissolved in a short time, a germination opening is unfolded, seed coats and cell membranes of the germination opening are dissolved, and the seed loses vitality.

When the soaking time of the seeds in the saturated limewater is less than 20 hours, the pectin on the seeds can not be completely removed, and the germination inhibitor can not be dissolved, so that the dormancy release of the seeds is influenced; when the soaking time of the seeds in the saturated limewater is more than 28 hours, the pectin of partial seeds with thin peels, shallow dormancy and less pectin is dissolved in a short time, the germination openings are unfolded, the seed coats and cell membranes of the germination openings are dissolved, and the vitality of the seeds is lost.

In a further preferred embodiment, the soaking time of the seeds in sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, 2mol/L, 3mol/L and 4mol/L is 60min, 50min, 40min and 30min respectively;

the soaking time of the seeds in potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, 2mol/L and 3mol/L is respectively 50min, 40min and 30 min.

And 1-5, cleaning the treated seeds.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seeds soaked with the strong alkaline solution are washed and soaked to remove the alkaline solution on the surface of the seeds and the germination inhibitor in the seeds.

Wherein the water washing is washing with running water.

In a further preferred embodiment, the soaking time is 3 to 8 days, preferably 5 to 7 days, and more preferably 4 to 6 days.

The inventor finds that after the seeds are soaked in strong alkali liquor, the germination inhibitors are dissolved, and further soaking treatment with clear water is needed to promote the germination inhibitors to be fully leached.

In a further preferred embodiment, the fresh water is replaced every 3-6 h, preferably every 4-5 h, during the soaking period, to allow sufficient leaching of the germination inhibitor.

Wherein, when the soak solution does not change color any more, the germination inhibitor is completely leached, the soaking can be stopped, and the seeds are leached out.

And 1-6, carrying out low-temperature stratification treatment on the cleaned seeds.

Wherein the step 6 comprises the following substeps:

step 1-6-1, cleaning, sieving and disinfecting river sand, and mixing with water to prepare the layered sand.

Wherein, the washed and disinfected laminated sand does not contain soluble substances, the pH value is between 6.0 and 7.5, and the safety of seeds is easy to keep.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sieve is a sieve which passes 0.05-0.8 mm.

The inventor finds that the laminated sand can keep better water retention and air permeability after passing through a sieve of 0.05-0.8 mm, so that the seeds are not easy to mildew in the laminating process.

In a further preferred embodiment, the disinfection is carried out at 140-145 ℃ for 1-3 h, preferably 2 h.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the volume of water to the mass of the disinfecting sand is 1: (10-20), preferably 1: (13-17).

In a further preferred embodiment, the mixture is left to stand for 0.5 to 1.5 hours, preferably 0.75 to 1.25 hours, and more preferably 1 hour after the water and the sterilized sand are uniformly mixed.

In the invention, during the lamination treatment, the humidity of the mixed laminated sand is determined by that the laminated sand can be agglomerated by hand without dripping water and can be dispersed by touch.

And step 1-6-2, mixing the seeds with the laminated sand, and carrying out low-temperature lamination treatment.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the volume ratio of the layered sand to the seeds is (2-12): 1, preferably (3-10): 1.

wherein, the laminated sand mixed uniformly is filled into a gunny bag, an air-permeable nylon bag or a wooden box and then laminated.

In a further preferred embodiment, the low-temperature stratification process is performed under low-temperature dark conditions, preferably under dark conditions of 1 to 10 ℃, more preferably under dark conditions of 2 to 5 ℃.

In a further preferred embodiment, the layering time is 20 to 80 days, preferably 25 to 70 days, and more preferably 30 to 60 days.

The inventor finds that when the stratification time is less than 20 days, part of the physiological dormancy seeds can not release dormancy, the seed vigor is low, the germination rate is low, and the germination speed is slow; when the stratification time is more than 80 days, the seeds released early by partial dormancy germinate at low temperature, the sowing is difficult, and meanwhile, the content of the seeds seeps outwards in the stratification process, so that the seeds are easy to mildew and lose vitality.

In the invention, under the condition of the lamination treatment, the seeds can finish physiological after-ripening, cell membrane reconstruction and organelle replication under the conditions of ventilation, moisture and low temperature, thereby being beneficial to breaking the dormancy of the seeds and improving the vitality and improving the field seedling-forming ability of the seeds.

And 1-7, carrying out drying treatment on the seeds treated in the step 6.

In the present invention, the Nitraria tangutorum bobr seeds are subjected to a drying process after low-temperature stratification and before germination, and in the present invention, the seeds are preferably dried in the shade.

And screening the seeds laminated at the low temperature on a screen surface with the aperture of 2.0-3.0 mm, and then placing the seeds in a dry place to be spread and dried in the shade.

And 2, sowing and raising seedlings.

Wherein the step 2 comprises the following substeps:

and 2-1, selectively preparing a seedbed.

Wherein, according to the seeding season, a seedling raising base is selected to prepare the seedbed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the first ten days of 7 months, after summer crops are harvested, the soil layer is deep, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, no invasive weeds exist, the soil is fertile, no shady objects are arranged around the soil, the soil of the former stubble is wheat stubble or bean stubble, the soil is ploughed deeply, the base fertilizer is applied, and then harrowing and soil moisture conservation are carried out, so that the soil is fine, loose, flat and soft.

Wherein, harrowing and grinding refers to harrowing and grinding the land, and soil moisture conservation refers to reducing ineffective evaporation of soil moisture as much as possible by means of deep ploughing, fine harrowing, frequently hoeing and the like.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in autumn, the soil layer is selected to be deep, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, no invasive weed exists, the soil is fertile, the periphery is not shaded, the perennial land with the former stubble being wheat stubble, bean stubble or potato stubble is deeply ploughed, base fertilizer is applied, irrigation is carried out in winter, the top of spring is harrowed and grinded, the spring is deeply ploughed, and seed fertilizer is applied to make the soil fine, loose, flat and soft.

The top rake grinding is carried out in the early spring unfreezing soil pulp returning period, when the soil is just unfrozen to reach the depth of 3-4 cm, the lower layer of the soil still has ice, and the rake grinding is carried out when the soil is frozen in daytime and at night.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention said applied base fertilizer is a composted manure comprising one or more of composted cattle manure, sheep manure and horse manure.

In a further preferred embodiment, the application amount of the base fertilizer is 3-8 tons/mu, preferably 4-7 tons/mu.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seed fertilizer is one or more of calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, phosphorus diamine or ammonium sulfate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the seed fertilizer is a phosphorous diamine.

In a further preferred embodiment, the application amount of the seed fertilizer is 10-30 kg/mu, preferably 12-25 kg/mu, and more preferably 15-20 kg/mu.

And 2-2, treating the seedbed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a mixture of biogas residue, vinegar residue and wet river sand is spread on the prepared seedbed to increase the organic matter content of the soil and increase the porosity.

In a further preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the biogas residues, the vinegar residues and the wet river sand is (2-4): (1-3) 4, preferably (2.5-3.5): (1.5-2.5): 4.

the inventor researches and discovers that the organic matter content of the seedbed soil can be effectively improved and the soil porosity can be increased by paving the mixture of the biogas residues, the vinegar residues and the wet river sand on the seedbed, and compared with the conventional soil, the emergence rate can be obviously improved.

In a further preferred embodiment, the thickness of the mixture is 2 to 3 cm.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the treating the bed further comprises sterilizing the bed soil.

In a further preferred embodiment, the disinfection is to pour the seedbed with a copper sulfate solution with a mass concentration of 0.6-0.9%, preferably 0.6-0.8%.

The inventor finds that the disease incidence of the seedlings in the later-stage cultivation process of the Tanggute radix seu caulis Opuntiae Dillenii can be effectively reduced and the disease and insect pest resistance of the seedlings can be improved by disinfecting the seedbed soil.

And 2-3, sowing.

And (5) after the seedbed is disinfected for 10-15 days, sowing. Wherein the sowing time is 8 middle and upper ten days of month or 4 middle and upper ten days of month.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sterilized seedbed is provided with shallow trenches, the depth of each shallow trench is 3-5 cm, and the row spacing is 22-28 cm, preferably 25 cm.

In a further preferred embodiment, a seedling substrate with the thickness of 1-3 cm is flatly laid at the bottom of the shallow trench, and the thickness is preferably 2 cm.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate for raising seedlings comprises rice bran, plant ash, vermiculite, perlite and zinc sulfate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the rice bran, the plant ash, the vermiculite, the perlite and the zinc sulfate in the seedling substrate is (50-60): (25-40): (10-15): (10-15): (0.5 to 1), preferably (52 to 58): (30-35): (12-14): (12-14): (0.5 to 1).

In a further preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the seedling substrate is as follows: the zinc sulfate is dissolved into zinc sulfate solution by adding water, and then the zinc sulfate solution is uniformly mixed with rice bran, plant ash, vermiculite and perlite to form the seedling culture substrate.

The inventor finds that the added seedling raising matrix can provide sufficient essential elements for seedling growth and seed germination, so that the emergence rate is high and the growth speed is high.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, seeds are sown on the seedling substrate, covered with sand with the thickness of 2-3cm, and then rapidly irrigated to keep the seedbed wet.

In a further preferred embodiment, the seeding rate is 10 to 25g/m²Preferably 15 to 20g/m²。

And 3, seedling management.

Wherein the seedling management comprises reseeding, weeding, topdressing and pest control.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, watering is carried out for multiple times from the completion of sowing to the seedling emergence stage, and seeds are reseeded in time according to the seedling emergence condition, so that the seedlings are uniform and complete.

In a further preferable embodiment, after the seedlings grow to 5-10 cm high, irrigation is carried out once every 15-20 days according to soil moisture content, and weeds are removed after irrigation to promote the growth of the seedlings.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, intertillage weeding is carried out during the whole growth period, and during the middle growth period, the herbicide is applied along with irrigation water.

In a further preferred embodiment, the herbicide is a seed herbicide including one or more of butralin, pendimethalin or trifluralin.

In a further preferred embodiment, the application amount of the seed herbicides butralin and benralin is 150-250 ml/mu, and the application amount of trifluralin is 100-150 ml/mu.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the top dressing is carried out in combination with watering, preferably 3 times, throughout the growing period.

In a further preferred embodiment, when sowing in the first middle of 4 months, the top dressing time is 6 middle and last, 7 middle and last, and 8 middle and last.

In a further preferred embodiment, the fertilizing amount in the middle and late ten days of 6 months is 3 to 5 kg/mu, the fertilizing amount in the middle and late ten days of 7 months is 5 to 10 kg/mu, and the fertilizing amount in the middle and late ten days of 8 months is 10 to 15 kg/mu.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, when sowing is carried out in the first ten days of 8 months, the topdressing time is 4 months, 6 months and 8 months in the next year, and the topdressing amount is 10-15 kg/mu in 4 months, 5-10 kg/mu in 6 months and 5-10 kg/mu in 8 months respectively.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the additional fertilizer is one or more of urea, phosphorus diamine or a compound fertilizer, preferably a compound fertilizer.

In a further preferred embodiment, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

5-15 parts of urea

2-6 parts of phosphorus diamine

5-15 parts of fulvic acid concentrated solution,

8-12 parts of urea

3-5 parts of phosphorus diamine

6-13 parts of fulvic acid concentrated solution.

The inventor finds that the fulvic acid has stronger complexing, chelating and surface adsorption capacities due to the fact that the fulvic acid contains functional groups such as hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and the like, and can reduce the loss of ammonium nitrogen; the moving distance of phosphorus in soil can be increased, the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus by the soil is inhibited, invalid phosphorus is converted into effective phosphorus, and the absorption of phosphorus by a root system is promoted; the fulvic acid can also absorb and store potassium ions, so that the content of effective potassium is increased, and the synergy of the fulvic acid to the potassium fertilizer is obvious.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, seedlings are sprayed with carbendazim or chlorothalonil 2-3 times per week in the seedling stage, and immediately sprayed with clear water for washing so as to prevent diseases.

Wherein, from seedling emergence to growth stop, agents such as killing pyrethrin, deltamethrin and the like are sprayed for prevention and control according to the severity of insect pests so as to ensure the health of seedlings.

In a further preferred embodiment, after the pest and disease damage column is found, the pest and disease damage column is pulled out in time, and meanwhile, the bed surface of the seedbed needs to be disinfected.

In a further preferred embodiment, the disinfection is spraying the seedbed with a copper sulfate solution or potassium permanganate solution and spraying clear water to rinse the plants 30s after spraying.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the copper sulfate is 2-3%, and the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate is 0.8-1.2%, preferably 1.0%.

And 4, transplanting.

Wherein, the seedlings are lifted and planted according to a planting plan, or the seedlings which are planted in the next spring are lifted before the autumn soil is frozen, and then the temporary planting pits are dug and temporarily planted near the planting points.

According to the method for culturing the seedlings of the Nitraria tangutorum bobr in the open field, the field emergence rate is up to 90%, the annual seedling planting height is up to 30-50 cm, the field seedling rate is high, the seeding quantity is small, and the method is suitable for culturing large-area Nitraria tangutorum bobr seedlings.

Examples

The present invention is further described below by way of specific examples, which are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

Example 1

(1) Collecting fruits of Nitraria tangutorum bobr: selecting a parent plant with strong and strong tree vigor, dense fruit set and no diseases and insect pests as a seed collecting plant in a wild Tanggute special white thorn distribution area (N39 degrees 06 'E100 degrees 39') of a Ganzhou area mountain lake sand land (N39 degrees 06 'E100 degrees 39') of a Hexi corridor of Gansu province from 7 middle ten days to 10 early months in the first year, and collecting uniform, full and no diseases and insect pests fruits by a picking method;

(2) fermenting the collected fruits to obtain seeds: removing branches, leaves and impurities from the collected fruits, putting the fruits into a wash basin, and mixing the collected fruits with water according to a mass ratio of 10: 100, adding water, fermenting at room temperature for 3 days, filling the fermented product into a nylon net, repeatedly kneading, washing with running water to remove fruit pulp, pouring the residue in the nylon net into a basin, cleaning the fruit peel with running water by utilizing the specific gravity difference between the fruit peel and the seed, taking out the seed, and drying in the shade for later use;

(3) selecting seeds: sieving seeds with 3mm sieve, removing impurities, placing into water basin, adding water, stirring for 10min, soaking for 5 hr, removing floating blighted and worm-eaten seeds, selecting full, tidy, robust and high-vitality seeds with robustness of 98% and dormancy depth of 88%;

(4) carrying out alkali liquor treatment on the seeds: soaking the selected seeds in 1mol.L^-1In KOH solution for 50min to make the germination mouth transparent but not spread;

(5) washing the seeds treated by the alkali liquor: washing the seeds treated by the alkali liquor with running water, then soaking for 5d, replacing clear water every 5h, and draining the seeds when the soaking solution does not change color;

(6) and (3) carrying out low-temperature stratification treatment on the cleaned seeds: cleaning river sand, sieving with a 0.5mm sieve, sterilizing at 142 deg.C for 2 hr, mixing water and sterilized sand at a ratio of 1:15(V/W), and standing for 1 hr; uniformly mixing the disinfected sand and the cleaned seeds according to a ratio of 6:1(v/v), filling the mixture into a gunny bag or a breathable nylon bag or a wooden box, and preserving moisture and laminating at low temperature for 30 days at 4 ℃ in the dark;

(7) carrying out drying treatment on the low-temperature laminated seeds: sieving the seeds on a sieve surface with the aperture of 2.5mm, and then spreading the seeds in a dry place and drying the seeds in the shade;

(8) in the middle-upper 7 th month of the next year, after summer crops are harvested, in a teaching experiment base of the institute of Hexi institute of Ganzhou city, Zhangye, Gansu province, deep soil layer is selected, irrigation and drainage are convenient, no invasive weeds are generated, the soil is fertile, no shadings are formed around the soil, the perennial land with the previous stubble being wheat stubble or bean stubble is deeply ploughed, and after 6 tons of base fertilizer (thoroughly decomposed cow dung) are applied, the hoja mucronatum is harrowed to preserve soil moisture, so that the soil is 'thin, loose, flat and soft';

20 kg/mu of seed manure phosphorus diamine is applied to the seedbed at the beginning of 8 months, and then a mixture of 2cm thick biogas residues, vinegar residues and wet river sand is paved on the seedbed (the mass ratio of the three is 3: 1.5: 4); then 0.7 percent copper sulfate solution is used for pouring water on the seedbed;

after pouring water for 15 days, opening a 5cm shallow trench on the seedbed, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, spreading seedling raising substrates (the weight ratio of rice bran, plant ash, vermiculite, perlite to zinc sulfate is 55:32:13:13:0.7) with the thickness of 2cm at the bottom of the shallow trench, then sowing seeds in rows according to the row spacing of 20cm, covering 1-2cm of sand, and sowing the seeds at 15 Kg/mu;

(9) after seeding is finished, watering is carried out for many times in the seedling emergence period, and seeds are reseeded in time when seedlings are lacked, so that the seedlings are ensured to be uniform and complete; when the seedlings grow to 5-10 cm high, irrigating once every 15-20 days according to soil moisture content, removing weeds and promoting the growth of the seedlings;

in the whole growth period, intertillage weeding is carried out among lines, and first topdressing is carried out in the middle and late days of 6 months by combining irrigation and topdressing compound fertilizer (the weight ratio of urea to phosphorodiamine to fulvic acid concentrated solution is 10:4:10), wherein the fertilizing amount is 7 kg/mu; performing secondary topdressing in the middle and late ten days of 7 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 13 kg/mu; and performing additional fertilizer for the third time in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10 kg/mu.

In the middle growth stage (such as the beginning of 7 months), the seed herbicide butralin is applied in combination with irrigation, and the application amount is 200 ml/mu;

spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil to the seedlings for 3 times every week in the seedling stage, and immediately spraying and washing with clear water after spraying; spraying killing pyrethrin and deltamethrin from seedling emergence to growth stop;

(10) before the soil is frozen, the seedlings are lifted and temporarily planted near the planting points.

Example 2

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, with the difference that step (4) is: soaking the selected seeds in 2mol.L^-1In KOH solution for 40 min.

Example 3

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, with the difference that step (4) is: soaking the selected seeds in 3mol.L^-1In KOH solution for 30 min.

Example 4

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, with the difference that step (4) is: soaking the selected seeds in 1mol.L^-1For 60min in NaOH solution.

Example 5

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, with the difference that step (4) is: soaking the selected seeds in 2mol.L^-150min in NaOH solution.

Example 6

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, with the difference that step (4) is: soaking the selected seeds in 3mol.L^-1For 40min in NaOH solution.

Example 7

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, with the difference that step (4) is: soaking the selected seeds in 4mol.L^-1In NaOH solution for 30 min.

Example 8

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, with the difference that step (4) is: soaking the carefully selected seeds in saturated limewater for 24 h.

Example 9

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, except that the number of days of cryostratification in step (6) is 40 days.

Example 10

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, except that the number of days of cryostratification in step (6) is 50 days.

Example 11

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, except that the number of days of cryostratification in step (6) is 60 days.

Example 12

The process used in the present invention is similar to example 1, except that in step (8), the weight ratio of biogas residue, vinegar residue and wet river sand is 2:1: 4.

Example 13

The method used in the invention is similar to example 1, except that in step (8), the weight ratio of rice bran, plant ash, vermiculite, perlite and zinc sulfate in the seedling substrate is 50:40:10:15: 1.

Example 14

The method used in the invention is similar to example 1, except that in step (8), the weight ratio of rice bran, plant ash, vermiculite, perlite and zinc sulfate in the seedling substrate is 60:40:15:15: 0.5.

Example 15

The method used in the invention is similar to example 1, except that in step (1), the seeds are collected in 8 middle of the month, and the collection place is the edge of the sand in Wuwei civil service Tenggery;

the step (4) is as follows: soaking the selected seeds in 1mol.L^-1NaOH solution for 60 min;

and (8): in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, after autumn crops are harvested, selecting a five-spring forest farm seedling raising base in Lingze county, Yangyu, Gansu province, wherein the soil layer is deep, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, no invasive weeds exist, the soil is fertile, no shady objects are arranged around, the perennial land with wheat stubble or bean stubble as the previous stubble is deeply turned, and after 6 tons of base fertilizer are applied per mu (the mass ratio of cow dung, sheep dung and corn straw is 3:3:8), raking the mushrooms to preserve soil moisture; irrigating in winter before winter, and harrowing and grinding in early spring to make soil fine, loose, flat and soft;

in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, 20 kg/mu of seed fertilizer (diammonium phosphate) is applied to a seedbed, and then a mixture of 2cm thick biogas residues, vinegar residues and wet river sand is paved on the seedbed according to the weight ratio of 3: 1.5: 4; then, 0.7% ferrous sulfate solution is used for pouring water on the seedbed;

after pouring water for 15 days, 5cm shallow trenches are arranged on the seedbed, the row spacing is 25cm, seedling raising substrates (the weight ratio of rice bran, plant ash, vermiculite, perlite to zinc sulfate is 55:32:13:13:0.7) with the thickness of 2cm are flatly paved at the bottoms of the shallow trenches, and then seeds are sowed, wherein the sowing amount is 15 Kg/mu.

Example 16

The method is similar to that of example 1, except that in step (1), the seeds are collected and aired dry fruit food for local residents, and the seed source is sand (N38 degrees 43 'and E103 degrees 00') around civil service county of Wuwei city, Gansu province;

the step (4) is as follows: soaking the carefully selected seeds in saturated limewater for 24 h;

in the step (8), a seedbed is prepared in a red sand nest forest farm seedling raising base in Ganzhou, Ganyu province, and the seeding amount is 18 Kg/mu.

Example 17

The process used according to the invention is similar to that of example 1, with the difference that step (4) is: soaking the carefully selected seeds in saturated limewater for 24 h; in the step (8), a seedbed is prepared in a red sand nest forest farm seedling raising base in Ganzhou, Ganyu province, and the seeding amount is 20 Kg/mu.

Comparative example

Comparative example 1

The comparative example adopts the traditional drill seeding method to carry out the seedling culture of the Tanggute white spine which is not broken from dormancy treatment, and the seeding quantity is 100 Kg/mu.

Wherein the drill seeding and seedling raising is carried out according to the following steps: fermenting collected fruits, taking seeds, cleaning and selecting, directly turning over a seedling culture land deeply and applying a base fertilizer without alkali liquor treatment and low-temperature lamination, sowing in the middle and last ten days of 4 months according to the implementation mode 1, performing field management, irrigating and topdressing, controlling diseases and insect pests, weeding and maintaining.

Comparative example 2

In the comparative example, the seeds treated in the example 1 are used for raising seedlings, and the seeding amount is 15 Kg/mu by a seedling covering and dibbling method.

Wherein the film-coated dibble seeding is carried out according to the following steps: fermenting collected fruits, taking seeds, cleaning and selecting, carrying out alkali liquor treatment, low-temperature stratification and drying treatment on the seeds according to the method of the embodiment 1, wherein the difference is that in the middle ten days of 4 months, on a seedling raising ground for land preparation and fertilization, a black film with the thickness of 140mm is used for covering films with the film interval of 40cm, in the last ten days of 4 months, a dibbler is used for sowing the films at the depth of 2-3cm, then sand is covered, and then field management, irrigation and topdressing, pest control, weeding and maintenance are carried out according to the method in the embodiment 1.

Examples of the experiments

Experimental example 1

The seedling raising methods described in examples 1, 5, 8, 9, 12, 14 to 17 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were statistically analyzed for the results of seedling raising as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from table 1, the seedling raising methods of examples 1, 5, 8, 9, 12, 14 to 17 of the present invention have a small seed consumption, the annual seedling height can reach 30 to 50cm at most, the outplanted seedling amount per mu can reach 23 million plants at most, and the seed emergence rate is above 85% and up to 90%, which indicates that the open field seedling raising method of the present invention is suitable for large-area cultivation of the tangut burs.

Although the height of annual seedlings is higher, the seed consumption is as high as 100 Kg/mu, which is 5-7 times of the method, and the seedling amount and emergence rate of the seedlings in nursery are obviously lower than those of the method in the comparative example 1; the film-covered dibble seeding and seedling raising method in the comparative example 2 has high emergence rate, but the outplanted seedling amount is only 0.5 ten thousand plants/mu, mainly because the hypocotyl of the seedling has poor heat resistance, most of the seedling is killed or scalded after emergence, so that the seedling rate is very low, and the film-covered dibble seeding method is not suitable for seedling raising of Tanggute white spine.

In addition, as can be seen from the seedling raising methods and results of examples 1, 5, 8, 9, 12, 14 to 17, the method for raising seedlings in the open field of tangut white has a good effect on the reproduction of seeds of different provenances, and is wide in application range.

The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for raising seedlings of Nitraria tangutorum bobr in open field is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, collecting and processing seeds;

step 2, sowing and seedling raising;

step 3, seedling management;

step 4, transplanting;

the step 1 comprises the following substeps:

step 1-1, collecting fruits of Nitraria tangutorum bobr;

step 1-2, performing seed taking treatment on collected fruits;

in the step 1-2, adopting a fermentation method to take seeds of the fruits, wherein the seed taking comprises the following steps:

step 1-2-1, adding water into fruits, and fermenting at room temperature;

step 1-2-2, removing the fruit pulp of the fermentation product;

step 1-2-3, removing peel to obtain seeds;

step 1-3, selecting seeds; the seed selection comprises three steps of air separation, screening and water selection, wherein the water selection is to add water to the screened seeds, stir the seeds, soak the seeds for a period of time, the stirring time is 6-12 min, and the soaking time is 3-6 h;

step 1-4, treating seeds;

in the step 1-4, the treatment is to soak the seeds in a strong alkali solution, wherein the strong alkali solution is one or more of a sodium hydroxide solution, a potassium hydroxide solution or saturated limewater;

the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1-4 mol/L, the soaking time of the seeds in the sodium hydroxide solution is 20-70 min,

the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 1-3 mol/L, the soaking time of the seeds in the potassium hydroxide solution is 20-60 min,

step 1-5, cleaning the treated seeds; the cleaning is to wash and soak seeds soaked in a strong alkali solution, and the soaking time is 4-6 days;

step 1-6, low-temperature stratification is carried out on the cleaned seeds;

step 1-6 comprises the following substeps:

step 1-6-1, cleaning, sieving and disinfecting river sand, and mixing with water to prepare layered sand;

step 1-6-2, mixing seeds with the laminated sand, and carrying out low-temperature lamination treatment;

the volume ratio of the layered sand to the seeds is (3-10): 1,

the lamination time is 30-60 days;

step 1-7, carrying out drying treatment on the seeds treated in the step 1-6;

the step 2 comprises the following substeps:

step 2-1, selecting land to prepare a seedbed;

step 2-2, treating the seedbed;

in step 2-2, a layer of mixture consisting of biogas residues, vinegar residues and wet river sand is paved on the prepared seedbed to improve the organic matter content of the soil and increase the porosity,

the mass ratio of the biogas residues, the vinegar residues and the wet river sand is (2-4): (1-3) 4;

step 2-3, sowing;

the sowing comprises the steps of forming a shallow trench on a treated seedbed, then spreading a layer of seedling raising matrix at the bottom of the shallow trench, covering sand after sowing, wherein the sowing amount is 10-25 g/m²，

The seedling culture substrate comprises rice bran, plant ash, vermiculite, perlite and zinc sulfate, and the weight ratio is (50-60): (25-40): (10-15): (10-15): (0.5 to 1);

in the step 3, the seedling management comprises reseeding, weeding, topdressing and pest control, the topdressing fertilizer is a compound fertilizer,

the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

5-15 parts of urea

2-6 parts of phosphorus diamine

5-15 parts of fulvic acid concentrated solution.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the top dressing is performed 3 times in combination with irrigation throughout the growing period.