CN101233808A - Medicinal anoectochilus formosan stem-cutting root-retaining regeneration planting method - Google Patents
Medicinal anoectochilus formosan stem-cutting root-retaining regeneration planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101233808A CN101233808A CNA2008100599987A CN200810059998A CN101233808A CN 101233808 A CN101233808 A CN 101233808A CN A2008100599987 A CNA2008100599987 A CN A2008100599987A CN 200810059998 A CN200810059998 A CN 200810059998A CN 101233808 A CN101233808 A CN 101233808A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regenerating and planting medicinal anoectochilus roxburghii with the stem removed but the root left, which has the key point of regeneration with the root left and stem removed. First, strong tissue culture seedling are elected and then transmitted to be planted in a mixed substrate consisting of soil, coarse sand and wood dust after plantlet hardening and watered with a mixed liquid of root agent and carbendazim wettable powder. Field management, fertilization and disease preventing and treating are required to be respected during the growth period of the anoectochilus roxburghii. By applying the method of regeneration with the stem removed and the stem left, the anoectochilus roxburghii stems on the ground are harvested but a stem node at each stem is left before the bolting and blossom of the anoectochilus roxburghii. After harvesting, the remained plant is sprayed with a mixed liquid of 6-benzyl aminopurine and carbendazim wettable powder. The method aims at solving the problem of narrow availability of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedling and easily sprouting of the stem node thereof and adopts the production method of regeneration with the stem removed and the stem left, thereby improving the seedling use ratio, guaranteeing the product supply and realizing continuous production. Meanwhile, the complete retaining of the root system creates the good condition for the quick growth of new sprouts and therefore, the regeneration method of the invention has comparatively high production efficiency and good economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medicinal anoectochilus formosan stem-cutting root-retaining regeneration kind method for planting, be mainly used in the industrialization plantation of medicinal roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud.
Background technology
Roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud [Anoectochilus roxburghii (wall.) lindl] is opened lip Cymbidium perennial herb for the orchid family, with all herbal medicine, call golden silkworm, Shorthairy Antenoron, gold thread taiwan anetochilus herb etc., it is China's tradition valuable ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, have " gold grass ", " refreshing medicine ", laudatory titles such as " black gensengs ", wider in range of application among the people, be widely used in rheumatic arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, the treatment of difficult and complicated cases such as ephrosis and improving the health, aspects such as the empty recovery of body after being ill, especially in Zhejiang, Fujian, provinces such as Taiwan and south east asia are regarded as rare rare medicinal herbs, gain great popularity especially in Taiwan Province especially, be called as " king in the medicine ".In recent years, along with to the going deep into of its pharmacodynamics and clinical application research, the understanding of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud medical value is further improved, the situation that its market source of goods is in short supply is more severe.
But the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud all herbal medicine, picking methods also to excavate herb, must could be produced with new seedling after gathering in the production.The roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud seed is small simultaneously, is made of immature embryo and several layers of kind chrotoplast, and natural germination rate and reproduction rate are low, and the seedling in the production is all from tissue culture.At present, be successful on the whole although the group of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud is cultivated seedling, because the group cultivation seedling time is longer, cost is higher, and source of seedling still is limited.Therefore, in roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and production reality, one side roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud source of seedling difficulty; The present on the other hand mode of production must realize producing again with new seedling again, causes roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud to produce planting scale and can not get developing faster all the time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above technical problem, a kind of medicinal anoectochilus formosan stem-cutting root-retaining regeneration kind method for planting is provided, the growth characteristics of more easily sprouting sprouting with the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud stipes are starting point, adopt the production method of " cut stem and stay root regeneration ", the acrial part of gathering, keep 1 internode of stem foot, promptly ensure supply of commodities, can realize again continuing to produce.Simultaneously, good condition has been created in the complete quick growth that is left the sprouting sprouting of root system, has higher production efficiency and favorable economic benefit.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted and comprises the steps:
A, planting site are prepared
1) selection of planting area: the planting base should be chosen in the zone of height above sea level 500～800m, so that soil property is fertile, loose, draining is good, slightly acidic vegetable garden soil or sandy loam be for well, requires the water source than horn of plenty.
2) take cool canopy: the material of building of cool canopy is decided by the working condition and the plantation subenvironment of locality with size.Can adopt timber, mao bamboon or steel pipe to build, general wide 4m, high 2.3～2.5m, last lid layer nylon film and one deck sunshade rate are 70% sunshade net, two is respectively opened one, is used for ventilating.
3) base material improvement and whole ground: diameter 2～3mm coarse sand is added in the employing of plantation matrix, wood chip is improved, and the ratio of interpolation is that vegetable garden soil or sandy loam portion add two parts of coarse sands and wood chip portion, abundant mixing, and water content of substrate is controlled at about 40%.During whole ground, the matrix after the improvement is made the furrow face of high about 20cm, wide about 1.2m, the requirement of furrow face is smooth, opens the drain ditch of about 25～30cm deeply, the drain ditch (double as operating walk way) of wide about 45～50cm all around.
B, plantation
1) practice seedling: the blake bottle that seedling will be housed from tissue culture room moves to the growing area subenvironment and places 2～3 days experienceds seedlings, after opened the experienced again seedling of bottle cap 3～4 days.
2) wash seedling: will put into water, the flush away medium through the seedling of practicing seedling.When washing, it is light that action is wanted, and do not injure plant.
3) select seedling: after washing, select more than the height of seedling 6cm, the tissue culturing seedling more than the tool root, stem foot diameter 1.5mm is as seedling, and it is standby to drain away the water in the cool.
4) plantation: plant by line-spacing 5cm, spacing in the rows 5cm kind.When planting, root system be launched; Layer slightly around the strain after banketing, dynamics surely is advisable with seedling, has pressed too real influence matrix gas permeability, unfavorable plant strain growth.
5) chemicals treatment after the plantation: after plantation finishes, spray with 800 times of liquid of the 50% wettable powder of carbendazim that adds the ABT3 root-growing agent, the concentration of ABT3 root-growing agent is 50～100ppm, requires to irrigate, and prevents and treats disease and takes place, and promote the plant root growth.
C, field management
1) humidity control: roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud plant strain growth surrounding air humidity should be controlled at 80～90%.Air humidity will be opened the door at booth two ends greater than 95% o'clock, and ventilating, it is wet to fall; Air humidity was wanted spray humidification less than 75% o'clock.
2) temperature control: the growth temperature that roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud suits is between 15～25 ℃.When summer temp is higher than 30 ℃, take cooling measure, can lower the temperature by the mode of spraying, ventilation; When temperature is lower than 10 ℃, take the insulation measure, the sealing that can improve booth is incubated.As needs, can in booth, take an insulation hut again.
3) degree of shading control: the degree of shading that the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud growth is had relatively high expectations.When summer, light was strong, can on booth, cover one deck sunshade degree again and be 50% sunshade net.When illumination in autumn descends, remove this sunshade net.
4) fill the gaps with seedlings: after the plant plantation survives, must check comprehensively, find dead will in time filling the gaps with seedlings of being short of seedling, guarantee full stand production.
5) intertill and clean tillage: roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud growing environment humidity is bigger, is beneficial to the growth of weeds, diligent weeding.Feng Hangqian, weeds can be removed in conjunction with intertillage; Feng Hanghou should use hand-lifting, in order to avoid hinder seedling.
6) water: it is principle that matrix is watered with " do not do and do not water ", can not allow matrix parch fully again and water, otherwise plant is obstructed.Water to good with before at 10 in the morning, accomplish that plant " is not with water to spend the night ", promptly do not water at dusk.
D, fertilising
1) base manure: mu is executed 45% nitrogen phosphorus potassium equivalent composite fertilizer 50kg, applies during with whole ground.
2) topdress: transplant plantation after 20 days, and the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud season of growth every about 15 days, can spray nutritional agentss such as 2 ‰ colza cake liquid or 1 ‰ efficient rare-earth liquid, two kinds of nutrient solutions are used alternatingly, and end to late August.Late May sprays once with " cloud big-120 " 2000 times of liquid, promotes plant strain growth.Fertilizing amount, visual matrix are done wet degree and are determined.When matrix was wet, fertilizing amount got final product to squirt plant; When matrix was done, fertilising can be carried out simultaneously with watering, and consumption is as the criterion to irrigate matrix.
E, disease control
The main disease of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud is fungoid black rot and bacterial slimy soft rot.Black rot harm basal part of stem, the initial stage is injured and partly is transparent water soaked spots, and back spot changes brown, black into, causes the pseudobulb necrosis, and plant is fallen leaves and death.Soft rot harm blade, the initial stage shows as silent green spot, just as water stain shape, enlarges then and jeopardizes whole blade, makes the rapid soft corruption of blade, and obvious juice stream is arranged, and causes plant death at last.Two sick all high temperature seasons in 6～August easily take place.Prevent and treat method: 1. force field management, improve the plant resistance against diseases; 2. at morbidity season, strengthen the field inspection, in time remove disease plant, reduce source of infection; 3. medicament prevention: mid or late June, 800 times of liquid of available 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder spray prevents and treats the black rot generation, every 10 days once, sprays continuously 6～8 times.Soft rot is is then prevented and treated with the agricultural streptomycin 400mg/L liquid of 5,000,000 units, every 10 days once, sprays continuously 6～8 times.Two kinds of medicaments can mix use.
F, gather and process
1) gathers: adopt the collecting method of " cut stem and stay root regeneration ", to satisfy product supply and the double demand that continues to produce.Before late September, the plant bolting was bloomed, cut plant top, keep plant stipes on the soil with scissors.It is careful to be careful when gathering, and does not spur plant, in order to avoid hinder root.
2) processing: the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud plant under will gathering in is directly dried and gets final product.
3) chemicals treatment after gathering: the back of gathering sprays the plant part that is retained in the field with 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) and 800 times of mixed liquors of 50% carbendazol wettable powder of 75～100ppm, can prevent and treat the generation of wound disease effectively, promote sprouting to sprout.
The present invention adopt the collecting method of " cut stem and stay root regeneration " and gather after chemicals treatment, and the effective control by field management measures such as choose reasonable planting area, base material improvement, plantation, fertilising, weeding, disease control and humidity, temperature and degree of shading, ensure the healthy growth of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud plant and promote the sprouting of sprouting to regenerate, improve the seedling availability, retain plant sprouting germination rate and reach 95～100%, height can grow to about 3cm, lays a good foundation for producing the realization high yield coming year.
Embodiment
1, method and step example
Medicinal anoectochilus formosan stem-cutting root-retaining regeneration kind method for planting embodiment comprises the steps:
A, planting site are prepared.Should select the zone of height above sea level 500～800m, so that soil property is fertile, loose, draining is good, slightly acidic vegetable garden soil or sandy loam.Adopting timber, mao bamboon or steel pipe to build a wide 4m of being, high about 2.3～2.5m, last lid layer nylon film and one deck sunshade rate is that one cool canopy is respectively opened at 70% sunshade net, two.With the abundant mixing matrix of ratio that a soil adds two parts of diameter 2～3mm coarse sands and a wood chip, make the furrow face of high about 20cm, wide about 1.2m, the furrow face is smooth, opens the drain ditch (double as operating walk way) of dark about 25～30cm, wide about 45～50cm all around.
B, plantation.At first will move to the growing area subenvironment from the blake bottle that tissue culture room will be equipped with seedling and place 2～3 days experienceds seedlings, after opened the experienced again seedling of bottle cap 3～4 days.The basifixed medium of back flush away seedling drains away the water in the cool.Select more than the height of seedling 6cm, the tissue culturing seedling more than the tool root, stem foot diameter 1.5mm plants by row, spacing in the rows 5 * 5cm kind as seedling.When planting, root system be launched; Layer around the strain slightly after banketing.After plantation finishes, with the ABT3 root-growing agent of 50～100ppm and 800 times of mixed liquors sprinklings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder once, require to irrigate.
C, field management.1. humidity control: air humidity should be controlled at 80～90% in the cool canopy.Air humidity will be opened the door at booth two ends greater than 95% o'clock, and ventilating, it is wet to fall; Air humidity is less than 75% o'clock, spray humidification.2. temperature control: air themperature should be controlled between 10～30 ℃ in the cool canopy.When summer temp is higher than 30 ℃, take cooling measure, can lower the temperature by the mode of spraying, ventilation; When temperature is lower than 10 ℃, take the insulation measure, the sealing that can improve booth is incubated, or takes nylon film insulation hut in booth again.3. degree of shading control: with spring and autumn 30% light transmittance is standard, when summer, light was strong, covers one deck sunshade degree again and be 50% sunshade net on booth.When winter, illumination was more weak, remove the sunshade net.4. fill the gaps with seedlings: check plantation field piece, discovery death is short of seedling and is in time filled the gaps with seedlings comprehensively.5. intertill and clean tillage: diligent weeding.Feng Hangqian, weeds can be removed in conjunction with intertillage; Feng Hanghou should use hand-lifting, in order to avoid hinder seedling.6. water: it is principle that matrix is watered with " do not do and do not water ".Water to good with before at 10 in the morning, accomplish that plant " is not with water to spend the night ", promptly do not water at dusk.
D, fertilising.1. base manure: mu is executed 45% nitrogen phosphorus potassium equivalent composite fertilizer 50kg, applies during with whole ground.2. topdress: transplant plantation after 20 days, and the season of growth every about 15 days, spray nutritional agentss such as 2 ‰ colza cake liquid or 1 ‰ efficient rare-earth liquid once, two kinds of nutrient solutions are used alternatingly, to late August.Late May sprays once with " cloud big-120 " 2000 times of liquid.
E, disease control.High temperature, disease in 6～August easily take place season, strengthen the field inspection, in time remove disease plant, reduce source of infection.After finding black rot, spray control, every 7～10 days once, spray continuously 6～8 times with 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder.Find soft rot, then prevent and treat, every 7～10 days once, spray continuously 6～8 times with the agricultural streptomycin 400mg/L liquid of 5,000,000 units.Two kinds of medicaments can mix or be used alternatingly.
F, gather and process.The collecting method that stem stays root regeneration is cut in employing, before late September, the plant bolting was bloomed, keeps internode of plant base portion, carefully carefully cuts plant top with scissors, the plant of cutting directly dry commodity.Retaining plant is that 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) and 800 times of mixed liquors of 50% carbendazol wettable powder of 75～100ppm spray with concentration.
The plantation of employing present technique, plant strain growth stalwartness, tall and straight, the average about 15cm of plant height, survival rate of plant height.Plant per mu yield dry product 40～50kg after about 5～6 months.Retain plant and after 2 months, retain plant tool two buds of plant sprouting germination rate 95～100%, about 15～20%, the about 3cm of plant height through chemicals treatment.
Embodiment 1
1) planting site is prepared.Height above sea level about 620m in base is sandy yellow soil, pH value 6.1, and the soil is porous, draining is good.Booth adopts timber and mao bamboon to build, wide 4m, high about 2.3m, long 24m, and last lid layer nylon film and one deck sunshade rate are 70% sunshade net, two is respectively opened one.Matrix adds the ratio improvement of river sand and a wood chip of two parts of about 3mm of diameter in a soil, before matrix is mixed, apply 45% nitrogen phosphorus potassium equivalent composite fertilizer and make base manure by the standard of every mu of 50kg, the back is mixing fully, make the furrow face of high about 20cm, wide about 1.2m, the furrow face is smooth, and built-in 2 furrow of booth are opened dark about 25cm all around, the drain ditch of wide about 50cm (double as operating walk way), the about 55m of actual cultivated area
2
2) plantation.Implantation time is March 22.Before kind tissue culturing seedling was added a cover experienced seedling 3 days, after opened the experienced again seedling of bottle cap 4 days.The basifixed medium of flush away seedling drains away the water in the cool.Select more than the height of seedling 6cm, the tissue culturing seedling more than the tool root, stem foot diameter 1.5mm plants by row, spacing in the rows 5 * 5cm kind as seedling.ABT3 root-growing agent and 800 times of mixed liquors of 50% carbendazol wettable powder with 100ppm after kind spray once.
3) field management.1. humidity control: air humidity is controlled at 80～90% in the cool canopy.Air humidity was opened the door at booth two ends greater than 95% o'clock, and ventilating, it is wet to fall; Air humidity is less than 75% o'clock, spray humidification.2. temperature control: air themperature is between 10～30 ℃ in the cool canopy.When temperature was higher than 30 ℃, the mode of taking to spray, ventilate was lowered the temperature; When temperature is lower than 10 ℃, in booth, take nylon film hut insulation again.3. degree of shading control: on booth, covered one deck sunshade degree again and be 50% sunshade net July 23, removed the sunshade net on September 14.4. fill the gaps with seedlings: checked plantation field piece comprehensively on April 10, and in time fill the gaps with seedlings.5. intertill and clean tillage: Feng Hangqian, weeding is once; Feng Hanghou is with hand weeding secondary.6. water: matrix is watered and is adhered to that with " do not do and do not water " be principle.When summer weather is done, every day or before at 10 in the morning, water once every other day.
4) topdress.Topdress first April 25, the back sprays nutritional agentss such as 2 ‰ colza cake liquid or 1 ‰ efficient rare-earth liquid once every about 15 days, and two kinds of nutrient solutions are used alternatingly, and spray altogether 8 times to August 23.May 27 sprayed once with " cloud big-120 " 2000 times of liquid.
5) disease control.Strengthen the field inspection, in time remove disease plant, and easily send out season in the high temperature disease in 6～August, agricultural streptomycin 400mg/L mixed liquor with 800 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powders and 5,000,000 units prevents, spray date is June 5 first, and every 10 days once spray 7 times continuously the back.
6) gather and process.The collecting method that stem stays root regeneration is cut in employing, in September 26 harvesting plant top, directly dry commodity.Retaining plant is that 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) and 800 times of mixed liquors of 50% carbendazol wettable powder of 100ppm spray once with concentration.
Result of implementation: plant strain growth stalwartness, tall and straight, plant height 13～18cm, disease is effectively controlled, and plant survives substantially.Gather in the crops dry product 3.945kg altogether after planting 6 wheat harvesting periods, tear per mu yield 47.84kg open.After 2 months, 98.6% retention plant sprouts sprouting, about 15% plant tool two buds, the about 3cm of plant height to the retention plant through chemicals treatment.
Embodiment 2
1) planting site is prepared.Height above sea level about 760m in base is sandy yellow soil, pH value 6.3, and the soil is porous, draining is good.Booth adopts timber and mao bamboon to build, wide 2m, high about 2m, long 16m, and last lid layer nylon film and one deck sunshade rate are 70% sunshade net, two is respectively opened one.Matrix adds the ratio improvement of river sand and a wood chip of two parts of about 2～3mm of diameter in a soil, before matrix is mixed, apply 45% nitrogen phosphorus potassium equivalent composite fertilizer and make base manure by the standard of every mu of 50kg, the back is mixing fully, make the furrow face of high about 20cm, wide about 1.2m, the furrow face is smooth, and built-in 2 furrow of booth are opened dark about 25cm all around, the drain ditch of wide about 50cm (double as operating walk way), the about 30m of actual cultivated area
2
2) plantation.Implantation time is March 20.Before kind tissue culturing seedling was added a cover experienced seedling 2 days, after opened the experienced again seedling of bottle cap 4 days.The basifixed medium of flush away seedling drains away the water in the cool.Select more than the height of seedling 6cm, the tissue culturing seedling more than the tool root, stem foot diameter 1.5mm plants by row, spacing in the rows 5 * 5cm kind as seedling.ABT3 root-growing agent and 800 times of mixed liquors of 50% carbendazol wettable powder with 100ppm after kind spray once.
3) field management.1. humidity control: air humidity is controlled at 80～90% in the cool canopy.Air humidity was opened the door at booth two ends greater than 95% o'clock, and ventilating, it is wet to fall; Air humidity is less than 75% o'clock, spray humidification.2. temperature control: air themperature is between 10～30 ℃ in the cool canopy.When temperature was higher than 30 ℃, the mode of taking to spray, ventilate was lowered the temperature; When temperature is lower than 10 ℃, in booth, take nylon film hut insulation again.3. degree of shading control: on booth, covered one deck sunshade degree again and be 50% sunshade net July 23, removed the sunshade net on September 14.4. fill the gaps with seedlings: checked plantation field piece comprehensively on April 5, and in time fill the gaps with seedlings.5. intertill and clean tillage: Feng Hangqian, weeding is once; Feng Hanghou is with hand weeding secondary.6. water: matrix is watered and is adhered to that with " do not do and do not water " be principle.When summer weather is done, every day or before at 10 in the morning, water once every other day.
4) topdress.Topdress first April 10, the back sprays nutritional agentss such as 2 ‰ colza cake liquid or 1 ‰ efficient rare-earth liquid once every about 15 days, and two kinds of nutrient solutions are used alternatingly, and spray altogether 9 times to August 25.May 16 sprayed once with " cloud big-120 " 2000 times of liquid.
5) disease control.Strengthen the field inspection, in time remove disease plant, and easily send out season in the high temperature disease in 6～August, agricultural streptomycin 400mg/L mixed liquor with 800 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powders and 5,000,000 units prevents, spray date is June 10 first, carry out simultaneously with topdressing, every 10 days once spray 6 times continuously the back.
6) gather and process.The collecting method that stem stays root regeneration is cut in employing, in September 23 harvesting plant top, directly dry commodity.Retaining plant is that 6-benzyl aminopurine and 800 times of mixed liquors of 50% carbendazol wettable powder of 75ppm spray once with concentration.
Result of implementation: plant strain growth stalwartness, tall and straight, plant height 14～18cm, disease takes place light, and plant survives substantially.Gather in the crops dry product 2.218kg altogether after planting 6 wheat harvesting periods, tear per mu yield 49.31kg open.Retaining plant, retains plant 100% and sprouts sprouting, about 17.5% plant tool two buds, the about 3cm of plant height after 2 months through chemicals treatment.
Embodiment 3
1) planting site is prepared.Height above sea level about 5700m in base is sandy loam, pH value 6.6, and the soil is porous, draining is good.Booth adopts timber and mao bamboon to build, wide 4m, high about 2.2m, long 30m, and last lid layer nylon film and one deck sunshade rate are 70% sunshade net, two is respectively opened one.Matrix adds the ratio improvement of river sand and a wood chip of two parts of about 3mm of diameter in a soil, before matrix is mixed, apply 45% nitrogen phosphorus potassium equivalent composite fertilizer and make base manure by the standard of every mu of 50kg, the back is mixing fully, make the furrow face of high about 20cm, wide about 1.2m, the furrow face is smooth, built-in 2 furrow of booth, open dark about 25cm all around, the drain ditch of wide about 50cm (double as operating walk way), totally two booths, the about 140m of actual cultivated area
2
2) plantation.Implantation time is March 16.Before kind tissue culturing seedling was added a cover experienced seedling 3 days, after opened the experienced again seedling of bottle cap 3 days.The basifixed medium of flush away seedling drains away the water in the cool.Select more than the height of seedling 6cm, the tissue culturing seedling more than the tool root, stem foot diameter 1.5mm plants by row, spacing in the rows 5 * 5cm kind as seedling.ABT3 root-growing agent and 800 times of mixed liquors of 50% carbendazol wettable powder with 100ppm after kind spray once.
3) field management.1. humidity control: air humidity is controlled at 80～90% in the cool canopy.Air humidity was opened the door at booth two ends greater than 95% o'clock, and ventilating, it is wet to fall; Air humidity is less than 75% o'clock, spray humidification.2. temperature control: air themperature is between 10～30 ℃ in the cool canopy.When temperature was higher than 30 ℃, the mode of taking to spray, ventilate was lowered the temperature; When temperature is lower than 10 ℃, in booth, take nylon film hut insulation again.3. degree of shading control: on booth, covered one deck sunshade degree again and be 50% sunshade net July 18, removed the sunshade net on September 14.4. fill the gaps with seedlings: checked plantation field piece comprehensively on April 13, and in time fill the gaps with seedlings.5. intertill and clean tillage: Feng Hangqian, weeding is once; Feng Hanghou is with hand weeding secondary.6. water: matrix is watered and is adhered to that with " do not do and do not water " be principle.When summer weather is done, every day or before at 10 in the morning, water once every other day.
4) topdress.Topdress first April 5, the back sprays 2 ‰ colza cake liquid once every about 15 days, sprayed altogether 10 times to August 20.May 20 added " cloud big-120 " 2000 times of liquid and sprays once when topdressing.
5) disease control.Strengthen the field inspection, in time remove disease plant, and easily send out season in the high temperature disease in 6～August, with 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or the agricultural streptomycin 400mg/L liquid of 5,000,000 units prevents, and spray date is June 12 first, and the back every 10 days once, two medicines are used alternatingly, and spray continuously 7 times.
6) gather and process.The collecting method that stem stays root regeneration is cut in employing, in September 25 harvesting plant top, directly dry commodity.Retaining plant is that 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) and 800 times of mixed liquors of 50% carbendazol wettable powder of 100ppm spray once with concentration.
Result of implementation: plant strain growth stalwartness, tall and straight, plant height 13～16cm, plant survives substantially.Gather in the crops dry product 8.625kg altogether after planting 6 wheat harvesting periods, tear per mu yield 41.09kg open.After 2 months, 97.7% retention plant sprouts sprouting, about 16.3% plant tool two buds, the about 3cm of plant height to the retention plant through chemicals treatment.
2, test
2.1 topdressing test
Select height of seedling 6～8cm, stem foot diameter 1.5～2mm, the tissue culturing seedling of tool root planted by seeding row spacing 5 * 5cm kind on March 21st, 2006.Began April 20 to spray plant (concrete fertilizer title and working concentration see the result of the test part for details), approximately once, ended, spray altogether 9 times to August 6 every 15 days with different fertilizer kind and concentration (nutriment).Sub-district area 3m
2, 1200 strains.With the clear water is contrast.September 25 weighed after getting the complete stool drying respectively by the sub-district, and measured polyoses content, observed the influence of contrast different fertilizer to output and polyoses content.Other cultivation management measure is with general land for growing field crops.
2.2 disease control test
Main disease fungoid black rot and bacterial slimy soft rot at harm roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud normal growth, select for use different agricultural chemicals to carry out prophylactic tria (pesticide name of specifically selecting for use and using method see the result of the test part for details), so that filter out effective agricultural chemicals that these two kinds of diseases of control take place.Sprayed agricultural chemicals for the first time June 20, the back every 10 days once connects and sprays 6 times.Every processing sub-district area 2m
2, plant 800 strains, with the clear water contrast.10 days examination field incidences after the drug withdrawal, black rot is calculated control efficiency because of harm plants stems base portion with the plant incidence of disease, control efficiency (%)=(the contrast incidence of disease-processing incidence of disease)/contrast incidence of disease * 100%.Soft rot harm blade calculates control efficiency with disease index, and blade occurring degree grade scale is: 0 grade, blade face do not have scab; 1 grade, scab account for the blade face below 1/4; 2 grades, scab account for blade face 1/4 to 1/2; 3 grades, scab account for blade face 1/2 to 3/4; 4 grades, scab account for the blade face more than 3/4.
Control efficiency (%)=(contrast disease index-processing disease index)/contrast disease index * 100%.Other cultivation management measure is produced with general land for growing field crops.
2.3 promote the sprouting sprouting test
This test is a purpose to explore " cut stem and stay root regeneration " collecting method feasibility.When the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud commodity are gathered, with scissors clip plant top, internode of reservation top plant base portion.Reserve part (retaining plant) sprays (concrete title and concentration see the result of the test part for details) with different types of hormone and concentration, and the processing time is September 26.Check the plant number of every sub-district before the chemicals treatment, statistics is sprouted plant number and the sprouting sum of sprouting after 2 months, is contrast with the clear water, calculates the plant ratio (two bud rates) of retaining plant sprouting germination rate and 2 sproutings of tool and compares.Retain plant number/plant sum * 100% of plant sprouting germination rate (%)=sprouting sprouting; Two bud rates (%)=(the plant number of sprouting sum-sprouting sprouting)/plant sum * 100%.Other culture technique control measures are with general land for growing field crops.
3, result and analysis
3.1 topdressing test
Table 1 is for imposing different fertilizer kind and the concentration result to its yield and quality influence vegetative period at roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud.
Can propose from table 1, imposing fertilizer all has tangible effect to improving its yield and quality, and amount of increase in production is 11.69～51.52%, and polyoses content improves 2.71～9.78%, and wherein amount of increase in production is processing 3 to the maximum, secondly for handling 8; Content increase rate maximum for handling 7, secondly for handling 3.The alignment processing method shows, the fertile and colza cake of the efficient rare-earth liquid that becomes thoroughly decomposed is comparatively favourable to roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud growth and polysaccharide accumulation, and suitable working concentration is: efficient rare-earth fertilizer 1000 times of (1 ‰), colza cakes 500 times of liquid (2 ‰) that become thoroughly decomposed.
Table 1 Different Fertilization method is to the influence of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud yield and quality
| Handle sequence number | Processing method | Cell production (doing) | Polyoses content | ||
| Kg | Comparison photograph ± % | ％ | Comparison photograph ± % | ||
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | 500 times of liquid of 45% nitrogen phosphorus potassium equivalent composite fertilizer, spray 1000 times of liquid of 45% nitrogen phosphorus potassium equivalent composite fertilizer, spray 500 times of liquid that become thoroughly decomposed of colza cake, spray 1000 times of liquid that become thoroughly decomposed of colza cake, spray 500 times of liquid of " greenery source " multi-element leaf fertilizer, spray 1000 times of liquid of " greenery source " multi-element leaf fertilizer, spray the fertile 500 times of liquid of " according to farming " efficient rare-earth, spray the fertile 1000 times of liquid of " according to farming " efficient rare-earth, spray clear water (ck) | 0.258 0.276 0.350 0.290 0.317 0.285 0.304 0.343 0.231 | +11.69 +19.48 +51.52 +25.54 +37.23 +23.38 +31.60 +48.48 -- | 1.628 1.631 1.732 1.674 1.693 1.665 1.740 1.724 1.585 | +2.71 +2.90 +9.27 +5.62 +6.81 +5.05 +9.78 +8.77 -- |
3.2 disease control test
As can be seen from Table 2,6 kinds of agricultural chemicals of participating in the experiment all have certain control efficiency to roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud black rot, soft rot, are 60.85～88.87% to the control efficiency of black rot, wherein handle 1,2 control efficiency and reach more than 85%; Control efficiency to soft rot is 56.73～82.39%, wherein handle 6 control efficiency above 80%, show that 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder can be used as the effective agent of control roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud black rot; The agricultural streptomycin 400mg/L of 5,000,000 units can be used as the first-selected medicament of control roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud soft rot.
The different agricultural chemicals of table 2 are to the control efficiency of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud black rot, soft rot
| Handle sequence number | Processing method | Control efficiency | ||||
| Black rot | Soft rot | |||||
| Morbidity strain number | The incidence of disease (%) | Preventive effect (%) | Disease index | Preventive effect (%) | ||
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | 200 times of liquid of the 800 times of high colloidal suspending agent of liquid 10% generation 6000 times of liquid, 4% pesticide corrosion 120 aquas of 800 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 50% mancozeb wettable powder, the 5000000 agricultural streptomycin 400mg/L of unit clear water (ck) | 26 21 37 42 74 54 189 | 3.25 2.63 4.63 5.25 9.25 6.75 23.63 | 86.33 88.87 80.41 77.78 60.85 71.43 -- | 18.67 16.71 25.43 17.82 12.62 10.35 58.77 | 68.23 71.57 56.73 69.68 78.53 82.39 -- |
3.3 promote the sprouting sprouting test
Adopt gibberellin, two kinds of hormones of 6-benzyl aminopurine, four kinds of variable concentrations to handle the plant that is deposited in the field respectively, the result shows that two kinds of hormones all have facilitation to retaining the sprouting of plant sprouting under 25～100ppm concentration, handling contrast with clear water compares, plant sprouting germination rate improves 25.13～55.91%, behave oneself best with two processing of 6-benzyl aminopurine 75ppm, 100ppm, plant sprouting germination rate reaches 100%, improves 55.91% than the clear water contrast.Simultaneously, can be observed part and retain plant and can sprout 2 sproutings, 6-benzyl aminopurine is handled on average has 13.24% retention plant to sprout 2 sproutings, and two bud rates are 9.21～17.42%, and comparison is according to improving 48.31～180.52%; Gibberellin (25ppm and 50ppm) processing under low concentration is sprouted two buds certain facilitation is also arranged, and the comparison of two bud rates is according to improving 29.15% and 43.32% (seeing table 3 for details) respectively.
The influence that table 3 hormone is sprouted the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud sprouting
| Handle sequence number | Processing method | Retain the strain number | Germination strain number | Germination strain rate (%) | Comparison photograph ± % | Sprouting sum (individual) | Two bud rates (%) | Comparison photograph ± % |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | Gibberellin 25ppm, spray gibberellin 50ppm, spray gibberellin 75ppm, spray gibberellin 100ppm, spray 6-benzyl aminopurine 25ppm, spray 6-benzyl aminopurine 50ppm, spray 6-benzyl aminopurine 75ppm, spray 6-benzyl aminopurine 100ppm, spray clear water (contrast) | 137 146 150 144 152 140 132 153 145 | 115 126 124 119 122 127 132 153 93 | 83.94 86.30 82.67 82.64 80.26 90.71 100.00 100.00 64.14 | 30.87 34.55 28.89 28.84 25.13 41.43 55.91 55.91 -- | 126 139 134 128 136 141 155 178 102 | 8.02 8.90 6.67 6.25 9.21 10.0 17.42 16.34 6.21 | 29.15 43.32 7.41 0.64 48.31 61.03 180.52 163.12 -- |
Comprehensive above analysis result, can confirm: with concentration is that the 6-benzyl aminopurine of 75～100ppm sprays and retains plant, can significantly improve plant sprouting germination rate, promote the generation of two buds, and because the long comparatively stalwartness of blastogenesis is newly sprouted in the complete reservation of root system, can grow to about 3cm after 2 months, the highest 4.1cm that reaches, show adopt " cut stem and stay root regeneration " method results in the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud production process after, can realize commodity results and the double goal that enlarges cultivated area.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of medicinal anoectochilus formosan stem-cutting root-retaining regeneration kind method for planting continues to gather after it is characterized in that once planting, and it comprises the steps:
A, planting site are prepared
1) selection of planting area: the planting base should be chosen in the zone of height above sea level 500～800m, so that soil property is fertile, loose, draining is good, slightly acidic vegetable garden soil or sandy loam be for well, requires the water source than horn of plenty;
2) take cool canopy: the material of building of cool canopy is decided by the working condition and the plantation subenvironment of locality with size, can adopt timber, mao bamboon or steel pipe to build, general wide 4m, high 2.3～2.5m, last lid layer nylon film and one deck sunshade rate are 70% sunshade net, and two is respectively opened one, are used for ventilating;
3) base material improvement and whole ground: diameter 2～3mm coarse sand is added in the employing of plantation matrix, wood chip is improved, the ratio of adding is that vegetable garden soil or sandy loam portion add two parts of coarse sands and wood chip portion, want abundant mixing, water content of substrate is controlled at about 40%, during whole ground, matrix after the improvement is made the furrow face of high about 20cm, wide about 1.2m, and the requirement of furrow face is smooth, opens the drain ditch of about 25～30cm deeply, the drain ditch (double as operating walk way) of wide about 45～50cm all around;
B, plantation
1) practice seedling: the blake bottle that seedling will be housed from tissue culture room moves to the growing area subenvironment and places 2～3 days experienceds seedlings, after opened the experienced again seedling of bottle cap 3～4 days;
2) wash seedling: will put into water through the seedling of practicing seedling, the flush away medium, when washing, it is light that action is wanted, and do not injure plant;
3) select seedling: after washing, select more than the height of seedling 6cm, the tissue culturing seedling more than the tool root, stem foot diameter 1.5mm is as seedling, and it is standby to drain away the water in the cool;
4) plantation: plant by line-spacing 5cm, spacing in the rows 5cm kind, during kind, root system be launched; Layer slightly around the strain after banketing, dynamics surely is advisable with seedling, has pressed too real influence matrix gas permeability, unfavorable plant strain growth;
5) chemicals treatment after the plantation: after plantation finishes, spray with 800 times of liquid of the 50% wettable powder of carbendazim that adds the ABT3 root-growing agent, the concentration of ABT3 root-growing agent is 50～100ppm, requires to irrigate, and prevents and treats disease and takes place, and promote the plant root growth;
C, field management
1) humidity control: roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud plant strain growth surrounding air humidity should be controlled at 80～90%, and air humidity will be opened the door at booth two ends greater than 95% o'clock, and ventilating, it is wet to fall; Air humidity was wanted spray humidification less than 75% o'clock.
2) temperature control: the growth temperature that roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud suits when summer temp is higher than 30 ℃, be taked cooling measure between 15～25 ℃, can lower the temperature by the mode of spraying, ventilation; When temperature is lower than 10 ℃, take the insulation measure, the sealing that can improve booth is incubated, and as needs, can take an insulation hut again in booth;
3) degree of shading control: the degree of shading that the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud growth is had relatively high expectations, when summer, light was strong, can on booth, cover one deck sunshade degree again and be 50% sunshade net, when illumination in autumn descends, remove this sunshade net.
4) fill the gaps with seedlings: after the plant plantation survives, must check comprehensively, find dead will in time filling the gaps with seedlings of being short of seedling, guarantee full stand production;
5) intertill and clean tillage: roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud growing environment humidity is bigger, is beneficial to the growth of weeds, diligent weeding; Feng Hangqian, weeds can be removed in conjunction with intertillage; Feng Hanghou should use hand-lifting, in order to avoid hinder seedling.
6) water: it is principle that matrix is watered with " do not do and do not water ", can not allow matrix parch fully again and water, otherwise plant is obstructed; Water to good with before at 10 in the morning, accomplish that plant " is not with water to spend the night ", promptly do not water at dusk;
D, fertilising
1) base manure: mu is executed 45% nitrogen phosphorus potassium equivalent composite fertilizer 50kg, applies during with whole ground;
2) topdress: transplant plantation after 20 days, and the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud season of growth every about 15 days, can spray nutritional agentss such as 2 ‰ colza cake liquid or 1 ‰ efficient rare-earth liquid, two kinds of nutrient solutions are used alternatingly, and end to late August; Late May sprays once with " cloud big-120 " 2000 times of liquid, promotes plant strain growth; Fertilizing amount, visual matrix are done wet degree and are determined; When matrix was wet, fertilizing amount got final product to squirt plant; When matrix was done, fertilising can be carried out simultaneously with watering, and consumption is as the criterion to irrigate matrix;
E, disease control
The main disease of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud is fungoid black rot and bacterial slimy soft rot; Black rot harm basal part of stem, the initial stage is injured and partly is transparent water soaked spots, and back spot changes brown, black into, causes the pseudobulb necrosis, and plant is fallen leaves and death; Soft rot harm blade, the initial stage shows as silent green spot, just as water stain shape, enlarges then and jeopardizes whole blade, makes the rapid soft corruption of blade, and obvious juice stream is arranged, and causes plant death at last; Two sick all high temperature seasons in 6～August easily take place; Prevent and treat method: 1. force field management, improve the plant resistance against diseases; 2. at morbidity season, strengthen the field inspection, in time remove disease plant, reduce source of infection; 3. medicament prevention: mid or late June, 800 times of liquid of available 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder spray prevents and treats the black rot generation, every 10 days once, sprays continuously 6～8 times; Soft rot is is then prevented and treated with the agricultural streptomycin 400mg/L liquid of 5,000,000 units, every 10 days once, sprays continuously 6～8 times; Two kinds of medicaments can mix use;
F, gather and process
1) gathers: adopt the collecting method of " cut stem and stay root regeneration ", to satisfy product supply and the double demand that continues to produce; Before late September, the plant bolting was bloomed, cut plant top, keep plant stipes on the soil with scissors; It is careful to be careful when gathering, and does not spur plant, in order to avoid hinder root;
2) processing: the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud plant under will gathering in is directly dried and gets final product;
3) chemicals treatment after gathering: the back of gathering sprays the plant part that is retained in the field with 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) and 800 times of mixed liquors of 50% carbendazol wettable powder of 75～100ppm, can prevent and treat the generation of wound disease effectively, promote sprouting to sprout.
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