CN102318546B - Method for growing container seedlings of cork oak in winter - Google Patents
Method for growing container seedlings of cork oak in winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102318546B CN102318546B CN2011101806350A CN201110180635A CN102318546B CN 102318546 B CN102318546 B CN 102318546B CN 2011101806350 A CN2011101806350 A CN 2011101806350A CN 201110180635 A CN201110180635 A CN 201110180635A CN 102318546 B CN102318546 B CN 102318546B
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Abstract
The invention mainly relates to a method for growing container seedlings of cork oak in winter, belonging to a technology of growing container seedlings of forest trees. The method is characterized in that the features of large moisture and no dormancy of obstinate seeds are sufficiently used; seedlings of cork oak seeds are sowed and grown in winter; and a complete set of strict operation methods, comprising control over sowing time, greenhouse temperature and illumination control, seedling fertilization, management of temporary planting and the like. According to the method provided by the invention, the difficulty of excessive consumption of human and material resources for storing the cork oak seeds is primarily solved; sufficient labor force in winter can be sufficiently used; the cost of growing the seedlings is reduced; the breeding time for growing the seedlings in winter in a greenhouse is from the beginning of November to the middle ten days of April of the next year; two seasons of seedlings can be grown in one year; the turnover rate of growing the seedlings in the greenhouse is enhanced; the difficulties of control over seedling growing temperature and illumination are solved by using facilities of shading nets, heat preservation nets and the like of the greenhouse; the height of each container seedling of the cork oak is 14.4cm; the ground diameter is 3.15mm; the biomass liveweight of a single plant is 3.159g; after the cork oak grown in winter is grown out of a garden in spring, the cork oak can be used for afforestation through a short-term temporary planting in a reproducing area; and the cost of temporary planting and overwintering management of up to six months in autumn and winter in traditional seedling growth in spring is reduced.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of container seedling, be specifically related to a kind of cork oak container seedling seedling growing process in winter.
Two, background technology
According to the seed storage characteristic, seed is divided into normality seed and Recalcitrant Seeds two big classes.Different with the normality seed is, dewaters the phase without maturation when Recalcitrant Seeds breaks away from maternal plant, and its water content is higher relatively and extremely responsive to dehydration and low temperature, therefore storage tolerance not.Cork oak is important reproducting tree species of China and economic tree, but its seed belongs to recalcitrant, and seed storage is harsh to moisture and temperature requirement, and holding conditions is difficult for grasping, and how to preserve the cork oak seed and is still a science difficult problem at present.The cork oak sowing is everlasting spring in the production, promptly collects seed in April, second sowing in late September to early October.For guaranteeing storage after 6-7 month, the cork oak seed has higher vigor, and the operator often adopts indoor sand to hide or the method for flowing water storage, and in storage the casual inspection seed vitality.It is thus clear that, carry out smoothly for guaranteeing the spring sowing cork oak, need to consume a large amount of human and material resources stored seedses.
Cork oak autumn sowing seedling method is that naked method is cultivated in a kind of land for growing field crops of cultivating that occurs in recent years.Carry out high sowing in bed kind behind the cork oak seed collection immediately, after planting cover bed surface with leaf and grass, on leaf, cover one deck thin soil then with the winter protection in winter, April in next year, the covering with bed surface removed, and seed begins to sprout, growth.Autumn sowing is grown seedlings to be proved seeding ratio and to grow and all is superior to the sowing in spring.Although sowing in the fall, because outdoor temperature is lower, seed germination is in spring, and therefore this method more should be regarded as a kind of new method of outdoor stored seeds in autumn.
Annual autumn Mo, a lot of outplantings in the greenhouse, the seedbed of vacating could utilize when grew seedlings spring in 1 year once more.The present invention is according to cork oak seed recalcitrant characteristics; Behind the seed collection; Seeding and seedling raising has not only fundamentally solved cork oak seed storage man power and material and has too consumed a difficult problem in the winter time, and make full use of the idle seedbed of winter greenhouse and winter unused labour; Improve the turnover rate of nursing young plants in hothouses, reduce seedling cost.
Three, summary of the invention
The seedling-cultivating method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cork oak container seedling has solved the technical problem that grow seedlings winter in the background technology.
A kind of cork oak container seedling seedling growing process in winter is characterized in that:
(1) behind the cork oak seed treatment cork oak seed maturity, in time gathers seed, and immerse 50 ℃ warm water 30min immediately to kill weevil in cork oak breeding base; Then with seed and wet husky mixture (1: 3; V/v), the pallet of packing into is put into 2 ℃ refrigerator and is preserved.At the beginning of 11 months, treat that Full-optical connects to stride other outplanting of greenhouse when vacant seedbed is arranged, pallet is moved into the greenhouse, and the shed of processing with white plastic cloth and bamboo is buckled on the pallet, be placed on vernalization on the seedbed then, stir 1 every day, and the trickle maintenance is moistening.
(2) greenhouse temperature control was carried out the heating of boiler hot-water heating to the greenhouse at the beginning of 11 months, and when the sun set, the insulation cloth that the greenhouse is inner was pulled on, and draw back next day at sunrise.The greenhouse day temperature remains on about 20 ℃, and evening, temperature remained on about 18 ℃.
(3) 1w before matrix preparation and the sterilization sowing, according to 3: 1 (v/v) mixed, every cubic metre of adding ferrous sulfate 25kg with the moistening matrix of watering, after fully being mixed, covered 24h with Polypropylence Sheet while turning with peat and vermiculite.
(4) to select footpath suitable for reading diameter be that 10cm, the degree of depth are that the plastic film container of 20cm is grown seedlings to container for plant growth.
(5) matrix after dress cup will sterilize is contained in the plastic film container, and matrix limit compacting is loaded on the limit, is placed in wire rope net surface then and grows seedlings on the bed.3-5d waters before the sowing, can ooze out from plastic film container bottom to water.
(6) seed that grows the 2-3cm radicle is chosen in sowing from pallet, puts into the basin of containing clear water.Prick out the dark duck eye of 3-5cm with bamboo let in matrix central authorities, seed base-root is carefully put into duck eye down, and cover, approximately continue 1-2w with matrix.
(7) irrigation is repeatedly watered weekly in cork oak seeding stage and seedling phase with fertilising in right amount; The speed phase of giving birth to waters in a large number, waters weekly 2 times; Short-day and refining control in seedling stage are watered, and every 10d waters 1 time.Nitrogenous fertilizer adopts the index fertilising.N
SBe the initial nitrogen content of seed, through measuring the biomass and the nitrogen concentration of 16 seeds, confirm during seed soaking according to single seed nitrogen average content; Fertilizing amount N
TBe 100mg N/ strain; Fertilizer application frequency t is 16, from December 11 to March in 26 16 weeks, weekly to nursery stock applied nitrogen 1 time; Relatively add speed r and be 0.103mgN/ strain/inferior.Per 2 weeks of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer use 1 time, whole growth season totally 8 times, P
2O
5And K
2The O cumulative amount is the 60mg/ strain, all applies the 7.5mg/ strain at every turn.During fertilising,, calculate and weigh fertilizer amounts such as urea, superphosphate, potassium sulphate, put into plastic barrel with reference to the nursery stock strain number that needs to cultivate and the available nutrient content of fertilizer; Every nursery stock will apply mixed solution 20ml, calculate and will measure a certain amount of water according to the nursery stock strain number of cultivating, and pour water into plastic barrel, fully stir, dissolving fertilizer, and every young plant wood applies mixed aqueous solution 20ml.The fertilising process is seen table 1.
The table 1 cork oak container seedling fertilising plan of growing seedlings winter
| Fertilizer application frequency | Fertilization time | N (mg/ strain) | P 2O 5(mg/ strain) | K 2O (mg/ strain) |
| 1 | On December 11st, 2010 | 2.591 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | On December 18th, 2010 | 2.871 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| 3 | On December 25th, 2010 | 3.182 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | On January 1st, 2011 | 3.527 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| 5 | On January 8th, 2011 | 3.908 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | On January 15th, 2011 | 4.331 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| 7 | On January 22nd, 2011 | 4.800 | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | On January 29th, 2011 | 5.320 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| 9 | On February 5th, 2011 | 5.896 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | On February 12nd, 2011 | 6.534 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| 11 | On February 19th, 2011 | 7.241 | 0 | 0 |
| 12 | On February 26th, 2011 | 8.024 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| 13 | On March 5th, 2011 | 8.893 | 0 | 0 |
| 14 | On March 12nd, 2011 | 9.855 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| 15 | On March 19th, 2011 | 10.922 | 0 | 0 |
| 16 | On March 26th, 2011 | 12.104 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| Summation | 16 weeks | 100 | 60 | 60 |
(8) extermination of disease and insect pest and weeding prevent and treat the method for disease and are, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-800 times of liquid spraying, begin whenever to carry out 1 time at a distance from 14d from the seedling phase, carry out altogether 4 times, need at the nursery stock back spraying carbendazim that waters.Artificial weeding extracts with root when matrix is moistening, prevents loosening shoot root.
(9) after short-day was handled fertilising and finished, the short-day that carried out for two weeks was handled promoting nursery stock top tip lignification, and the long 14h that is set to opened the outside sunshade net in greenhouse during 18:00 nursery stock is carried out shading every day night, and next morning opens during 8:00.
(10) the refining seedling stops heating by the end of March, and the inner insulation cloth in greenhouse is no longer pulled in the time of at dusk.Simultaneously, the greenhouse window open that quantity increases day by day so that in the greenhouse microclimate progressively near the extraneous air temp. and humidity.Refining seedling time remaining is to mid-April.
(11) go out the garden and heel in late April, the cork oak container seedling is contained in the carton of the long 80cm in the end, bottom width 50cm, dark 60cm, transport planting site to truck and heel in, make the cork oak container seedling adapt to the local climate condition.When heeling in, a ditch vertical with prevailing wind direction is dug in well in the shade, the leeward place of gather water, and trench depth is 25cm, and the container seedling block pattern row pattern in ditch, is sprinkled into the thick table soil of 3cm, makes it to maintain an equal level with the face of land, and it is saturated to matrix to pour water.Heel in the process, the nursery stock blade becomes dry gradually, comes off, and mid-May, young leaves begins to sprout, afforestation at the beginning of 6 months.During heeling in, water weekly 2 times.
Advantage of the present invention and characteristic are: make full use of big, the no hibernation feature of Recalcitrant Seeds water content, with cork oak seed seeding and seedling raising in winter, fundamentally solved cork oak seed storage man power and material and too consumed a difficult problem; Winter, the labour was sufficient, can make full use of unused labour in winter, reduced seedling cost; Growing seedlings winter in the time of greenhouse cultivation is November first arrival mid-April in next year, realizes educating two Ji Miao in, has improved the turnover rate of nursing young plants in hothouses; Utilize facilities such as sunshade net that the greenhouse carries, insulation net, solved the nursery temperature in winter, a difficult problem is controlled in illumination; Cork oak container seedling height of seedling is 14.4cm when going out the garden, and leading thread is 3.15mm, and biomass of individual tree is 3.159g; After the cork oak that brings out winter goes out the garden spring, heel in and can afforest through short-term at planting site, having reduced grows seedlings traditional spring reaches 6 months heel in, overwinter management cost in autumn and winter season.
Four, embodiment
(1) the cork oak seed treatment was gathered ripe cork oak seed in cork oak breeding base in all the people present building in Beijing September 18; After clean the kind; Seed is immersed 50 ℃ warm water 30min to kill weevil, then seed is fully mixed the pallet of packing into wet sand with 1: 3 ratio of volume ratio; Be placed in the refrigerator, temperature is set to 2 ℃.November 1, treat that Full-optical connects to stride other outplanting of greenhouse when vacant seedbed is arranged, the pallet in the refrigerator is moved into the greenhouse.Process shed with white plastic cloth and bamboo, be buckled on the pallet, be placed on vernalization on the seedbed then, stir 1 every day, and trickle keeps moistening.
(2) November 1 was carried out the heating of boiler hot-water heating to the greenhouse in greenhouse temperature control; Start brake switch, when the sun set, the insulation cloth that the greenhouse is inner was pulled on, and draw back next day at sunrise.The greenhouse day temperature remains on about 20 ℃, and evening, temperature remained on about 18 ℃.
(3) matrix sterilization and filling November 8, according to 3: 1 (v/v) mixed, every cubic metre of adding ferrous sulfate 25kg with the moistening matrix of watering, after fully being mixed, covered 24h with Polypropylence Sheet while turning with peat and vermiculite.It is that 10cm, the degree of depth are the plastic film container of 20cm that November 10 was contained in footpath suitable for reading diameter with matrix, and the compacting while loading is placed in wire rope net surface then and grows seedlings on the bed.November 11 watered matrix to water and can ooze out from plastic film container bottom.
(4) on November-30 on the 15th is chosen the seed that grows the 2-3cm radicle in sowing from pallet, puts into the basin of containing clear water.With the duck eye that bamboo let is pricked out 3-5cm in matrix central authorities, seed is carefully put into and covered with matrix.
(5) irrigation and fertilising are in the cork oak seeding stage (November 15 was to December 5), and every separated 2d sprays water 1 time, the maintenance ground moistening; Nursery stock speed is given birth to the phase (December 6 was to March 26) and is watered weekly 2 times, each nutritive cube about 20ml that at every turn waters; (March 27 was to April 20) control is watered between short-day and refining seedling stage, and every 10d waters 1 time, each nutritive cube about 10ml that at every turn waters.Nitrogenous fertilizer adopts index fertilising, fertilizing amount N
TBe 100mg N/ strain; Fertilizer application frequency t is 16, applied nitrogen 1 time weekly on the 26th from December 11 to March; Relatively add speed r and be 0.103mgN/ strain/inferior.Per 2 weeks of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer use 1 time, whole growth season totally 8 times, P
2O
5And K
2The O cumulative amount is the 60mg/ strain, all applies the 7.5mg/ strain at every turn.During fertilising,, calculate and weigh fertilizer amounts such as urea, superphosphate, potassium sulphate, put into plastic barrel with reference to the nursery stock strain number that needs to cultivate and the available nutrient content of fertilizer; Every nursery stock will apply mixed solution 20ml, calculate and will measure a certain amount of water according to the nursery stock strain number of cultivating, and pour water into plastic barrel, fully stir, dissolving fertilizer, and every young plant wood applies mixed aqueous solution 20ml.The fertilising process is seen table 1.
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest and weeding 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-800 times of liquid spraying prevents and treats disease, begins every separated 14d from the seedling phase and carries out 1 time, carries out altogether 5 times.Artificial weeding extracts with root when matrix is moistening, prevents loosening shoot root.
(7) March 27 to April 9 is carried out the short-day processing to container seedling in the short-day processing, and night, length was set to 14h.Every day, the sunshade net that starts top outside the greenhouse carried out shading to nursery stock during 18:00, and next morning opens during 8:00.
(8) the refining seedling stopped to heat March 31, and the inner insulation cloth in greenhouse is no longer pulled in the time of at dusk.Between April 5 to April 20 refining seedling stage, open that greenhouse window quantity increases day by day, the opening time increases day by day, so that the microclimate in the greenhouse is progressively near the extraneous air temp. and humidity.
(9) the nursery stock morphological index is observed April 20, and nursery stock is destroyed sampling.Picked at random 32 young plants wood, water carefully rinses out the matrix around the root system, and with distilled water rinse 2 times, measures its height of seedling and leading thread, calculates height of seedling, leading thread mean value; Then this 32 strain is cut off by root, stem, leaf, be respectively charged into envelope, take back laboratory and in 65 ℃ of baking ovens, dry by the fire 48h, measure root, stem, leaf biomass respectively, calculate the average biomass of individual plant.
(10) go out the garden and heel in April 21, the cork oak container seedling is contained in the carton of the long 80cm in the end, bottom width 50cm, dark 60cm, transport planting site to truck and heel in.When heeling in, a ditch vertical with prevailing wind direction is dug in well in the shade, the leeward place of gather water, and trench depth is 25cm, and the container seedling block pattern row pattern in ditch, is sprinkled into the thick table soil of 3cm, makes it to maintain an equal level with the face of land, and it is saturated to matrix to pour water.Heel in the process, the nursery stock blade becomes dry gradually, comes off, and mid-May, young leaves began to sprout, and June 5 afforested.Spring, evaporation discharge was bigger, need water weekly 2 times during heeling in.
Claims (1)
1. cork oak container seedling seedling-cultivating method in winter is characterized in that:
(1) behind the cork oak seed maturity, gathering immediately, and immerse 50 ℃ warm water 30min to kill weevil, is 1: 3 mixture then with seed and wet husky volume ratio, and the pallet of packing into is put into 2 ℃ refrigerator and preserved;
At the beginning of (2) 11 months, treat that Full-optical connects to stride other outplanting of greenhouse when vacant seedbed is arranged, pallet is moved into the greenhouse, and the shed of processing with white plastic cloth and bamboo is buckled on the pallet, be placed on vernalization on the seedbed then;
At the beginning of (3) 11 months the greenhouse is carried out the heating of boiler hot-water heating, when the sun set, the insulation cloth that the greenhouse is inner was pulled on, and draw back next day at sunrise; The greenhouse day temperature remains on about 20 ℃, and evening, temperature remained on about 18 ℃;
(4) from December 11 to March in 26 16 weeks, adopt the index fertilization mode, weekly to nursery stock applied nitrogen 1 time, add speed r relatively and be 0.103mg N/ strain/inferior, the accumulative total amount of nitrogen is the 100mg/ strain;
(5) March 27 to April 9 container seedling is carried out short-day and handles promoting nursery stock top tip lignification, night the long 14h that is set to, the sunshade net that open top outside the greenhouse every day during 18:00 carries out shading to nursery stock, next morning opens during 8:00;
(6) March 31 stopped to heat, between April 5 to April 20 refining seedling stage, open that greenhouse window quantity increases day by day, the opening time increases day by day, so that the microclimate in the greenhouse is progressively near the extraneous air temp. and humidity;
(7) April 21 the sunrise garden, nursery stock is transported to that planting site is heeled in so that the cork oak container seedling adapts to the local climate condition; Heel in the process, the nursery stock blade becomes dry gradually, comes off, and mid-May, young leaves began to sprout, and heeled in time to June 5, need water weekly 2 times during heeling in, and promoted the nursery stock leaf growth;
(8) utilize vacant seedbed in winter the greenhouse cultivation nursery stock winter, realized growing seedlings in season in 1 year two, accelerated growing-seedling period; Heel in 46d at planting site, 6 months autumn and winter cost of storage in having reduced traditional spring and growing seedlings.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102771297B (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-06-18 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for cultivating cork oak seedlings |
| CN103314753A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-09-25 | 北京林业大学 | Seedling raising method for relieving root nesting of containerized Chinese cork oak seedlings |
| CN104429555B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of light filling breeding method promoting Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae container seedling fast-growing |
| CN105393882A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-16 | 黄钱英 | QuercusvariabilisBl container nursery method |
| CN109220448A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-18 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | The direct seeding forestation method of cork oak |
| CN109769618B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-02-02 | 吉林市林业科学研究院(吉林市林业技术推广站) | Dong white pine seedling culture method |
| CN114938751B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-03-24 | 山东省栓皮栎产业技术研究院有限公司 | High-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis |
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