CN105766310B - A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method - Google Patents
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling methods, belong to sweet photo seed seedling-raising technical field, specific steps are as follows: 1) select place for seed bed；2) it fills nutrient bag and closely puts；3) the germination sweet photo seed by pre-treatment is selected, point is multicast in nutrient bag, sprinkles profoundly water, and covers film；4) Qi Miaohou takes off film in dusk or cloudy day；5) 3-5 days after full stand, first time nursery fertilizer is applied, nitrogen concentration 300mg/L was imposed primary every 7 days；6) after planting 30-40 days, that is, reach strong sprout standard, carry out balled transplanting.The present invention provides the nutrient bag breeding methods of sweet photo seed, for germination percentage up to 92% or more, emergence rate can neat seedling up to 100%, 5 day, seedling growth is consistent, well developed root system, Quality of Seedlings are high, and acquired environment is adaptable, easy to operate, seedling raise period is flexible, later period can according to circumstances select in situexposure to maturation harvest and then Cultivars, increase elite plant strain harvest yield, shorten the good variety selection time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sweet photo seed seedling-raising technical fields, specifically, being related to a kind of sweet photo seed nutritional
Bag seedling method.
Background technique
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, pachyrhizus, sweet potato etc. are dicotyledon, japanese bearbind
A kind of sprawling herbs of section (Convolvulaceae) sweet potato genus (Ipornoea) like the annual or perennial of mild short-day
The advantages that plant, sweet potato is high, widely used and adaptable because of yield is the weight for being only second to rice, wheat and corn in China
Want grain, feed, the energy and processing crop.
Sweet potato can blossom and bear fruit on tropical ground, but generally can not blossom and bear fruit in temperate zone.Such as in Central China and the north
Area, most sweet potato varieties cannot all bloom under field conditions (factors), even if each province in south China, also and not all kind
It can bloom.According to Area in Yantai Region Institute of agricultural sciences sweet potato research department research sweet potato bloom, pollen germination, solid and seed at
Ripe preference temperature is 26 DEG C, therefore for most area Sweet Potato Breeding worker, guarantee the high-incidence of sweet photo seed
Bud rate, high planting percent and high transplanting survival rate are the bases of breeding high-yield excellent sweet potato kind.It is therefore desirable to develop one kind to mention
The seedling-raising technique of high sweet photo percentage of seedgermination, planting percent and transplanting survival rate.
" guangdong agricultural science " the 5th phase in 2003 discloses " germination tests of dense sulfuric acid treatment Sweet potato seeds " and shows with dense
Sulfuric acid impregnates Sweet potato seeds 20-40 minutes, germination percentage can be made to reach 96% or more, more time saving and energy saving than conventional method." Tianjin agriculture
Institute's journal " the 1st phase of volume 10 in 2003 discloses Propagation Techniques for Grape by Cutting with One Bud in Nutrition Pot；" agriculture in south journal " 2011
The 4th phase of year discloses the floating seedlings fast breeding technique of sweet potato vine；" journal of crops " the 5th phase in 2011 discloses potato hybridization
Grow directly from seeds sub- nutritional bag technology；" popular science and technology " the 172nd phase of volume 15 in 2013 and Publication No. CN103460941A in
The same year disclose masson pine grow directly from seeds son nutritional bag technology；" tropical agricultural science " the 6th phase of volume 34 in 2014 discloses
Nutritional bag, nutritive cube nursery, floating seedlings and broadcast sowing 4 kinds of seedling raising manners of nursery to coix lacryma-jobi growth and yield influence, recognize
It is its ideal seedling raising manners for nutritional bag；" forest survey and design (Fujian) " the 1st phase in 2014 discloses Chloranthus glaber battalion
Support bag seedling-raising technique；" rural science and technology " the 7th phase in 2014 discloses walnut nutritious bag seedling-raising technique；" forestry practical technique " 2014
The 2nd phase of year discloses Acacia mangiumwilld nutrient bag program request seedling-raising technique；" Crop Diseases in Yunnan " the 4th phase in 2015 discloses Moringa nutrient bag
Seedling-raising technique；Publication No. CN102986497A discloses the method for grape plastic nutritional bag fast seedling growing；Publication No.
CN104025889A discloses a kind of betel nut nutritional bag method；Publication No. CN101627728 discloses a kind of using sweet
The method that potato true seed cultivates disease-free nontoxic test tube seedling；Publication No. CN101897294A discloses sweet potato seedling 1 year two
For seed choosing method.
Currently, the common method of sweet photo seed seedling-raising are as follows: in the greenhouse or open air turfy soil, vermiculite power or
Seedling medium establishes a seedbed, and seed is sowed on seedbed, pours suitable quantity of water, and Small plastic shed is then built on seedbed, such
Method more takes a lot of work, is time-consuming, and seedling growth is uneven, seedling is weak, and transplanting survival rate is not high, and the nutrition about sweet photo seed
Bag seedling-raising technique has not been reported yet.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, the present invention provides a kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag nursery sides
Method, using nutritional bag technology, improves the seedling of sweet photo seed on the basis of existing sweet photo seed seedling-raising
Rate, and the emergence for keeping its quick, neat, the seedling acquired environment cultivated are adaptable；Reach saving of labor, it is time saving, economical,
Efficiently, transplanting survival rate is improved, the breeding probability of sweet potato excellent variety is improved, shortens the good variety selection time.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, specific steps are as follows:
1) select seedbed: select it is smooth, leeward, on the sunny side, facilitate the vacant lot of management as the seedbed for putting nutrient bag；
2) nutrient bag: selection black plastic nutrient bag；
3) Nutrition Soil: biogas residue is dried, is pulverized, crossing 20 meshes, spare；Fertile garden mould, removes impurity removing, dries, and pulverizes, mistake
20 meshes, it is spare；Biogas residue, vermiculite, garden mould, plant ash are hybridly prepared into Nutrition Soil；Using it is preceding first plus water is mixed wet, Nutrition Soil is aqueous
Amount is 60%, i.e. hand is pinched agglomerating, is put down in the state scattered；
4) fill Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: Jiang Jiashui mixes wet Nutrition Soil and is packed into nutrient bag, and first filling 1/4 expires, and is then placed in
5 grams of compound fertilizer is further continued for loading Nutrition Soil suppression and tamps, and Nutrition Soil is closely placed in one from sack 1-2cm, by nutrient bag
It rises, surrounding is crowded around with soil or brick；
5) seed sows pre-treatment: 98% concentrated sulfuric acid of sweet photo seed being impregnated 30 minutes, and is stirred continuously, makes to plant
Son comes into full contact with the concentrated sulfuric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out and with tap water by seed flushing 3 times or more, guarantees to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid, so
After be transferred in 50-55 DEG C of warm water and impregnate, the stirring of this process lasts is heated evenly seed, temperature is down to 30 after 10-15 minutes
DEG C when, stop stirring, seed is transferred in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid, continue impregnate 5-10 minute, take out kind
Son is cleaned with distilled water, is transferred in culture dish, distilled water is added, distilled water is advisable just to submerge seed, by the lid of culture dish
Son covers, and is put into illumination cultivation in illumination box；
6) it sows: before sowing, first the nutrient bag for installing Nutrition Soil being drenched water, small wooden or tweezers are used among nutrient bag
The hole for making a call to a 1.5cm depth is selected the seed kind to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and is entered in hole, pays attention to root downward, then in covering 1cm thickness above
Nutrition Soil, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out will be reseeded again, then cover mulch, heat and moisture preserving；
7) daily management: checking emergence daily, and selection is at dusk after neat seedling or the cloudy day takes off film, pours immediately once after taking off film
It is permeable, after film removes, is covered and practiced seedling 5-7 days according to weather sunshade net；It does not need to water before taking off film, takes off 3 days early periods after film
A water is poured, pours a water within Later growth 7 days；Qi Miaohou 3-5 days applies nursery fertilizer by the amount of 15g/150 seeds, every 7 days
Apply disposable fertilizer；After sowing 30-40 days, 8-10cm is grown to seedling, 6-8 piece leaf can be transplanted.
Preferably, need cutting seedlings transplanting crop field to carry out strain in step 2) and expand nutrient bag of numerous selection compared with small dimension,
The nutrient bag of the larger specification of selection of strain breeding need to be directly grown and carried out in Seedling bag.
Preferably, Nutrition Soil is by biogas residue in step 3): vermiculite: garden mould: plant ash=6:2:20:1 weight ratio is matched
System is sterilized 40 minutes with high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121 DEG C, sufficiently killing germ, worm's ovum, weed seed.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is N:P in step 4)2O5:K2O=20:7:13.
Preferably, in step 5), sweet photo seed 25 DEG C of illumination cultivation 48h in illumination box are changed primary for 24 hours
Water.
Preferably, the nursery fertilizer is N:P in step 7)2O5:K2The compound fertilizer of O=20:7:13, nitrogen concentration control
In 300mg/L, nursery fertilizer is dissolved into water, is poured onto nutrient bag with water.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) the method for the present invention germination percentage is high, survival rate of seedling is high, with dense sulfuric acid treatment germination percentage up to 92.55% or more,
Ablastous seed can reject when sowing, and by lukewarm water processing and chemicals treatment, under mating reaction, increase disinfection and sterilization
With the effect of breaking dormancy, shorten germinating time, increases planting percent, planting percent can achieve 100% substantially, and 4-5 days are
It can Qi Miao.
(2) Nutrition Soil presses biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould in the present invention: plant ash=6:2:20:1 weight ratio is prepared, Nutrition Soil
Well-formed, physicochemical property is good, full of nutrition, and increases the utilization new way of rural area biogas residue, and addition is rich in the vegetation of potassium
Ash is more advantageous to the growth of sweet potato seedling；With high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121 DEG C sterilize 40 minutes, sufficiently killing germ, worm's ovum,
Weed seed etc..
(3) when nutrient bag is filled at 1/4 in the present invention, 5 grams of compound fertilizers are added, refills Nutrition Soil suppression and tamps to sack 1-
At 2cm, sufficient nutrient can be provided in sweet potato seedling the middle and late growth stage, promote root to nutrient bag bottom grown, promote strong
Seedling, and unity Nutrition Soil are not easy loosely to fall, and improve transplanting survival rate.
(4) the method for the present invention is at low cost, and nutrient bag placement position is flexible, and limitation is small, simple to operate.
(5) compound fertilizer is dissolved into water in the method for the present invention and applies nutrient bag with water, ensure that the uniform of fertilising, be not easy
Burn seedlings is caused, and is to guarantee the consistent key measure of seedling growth.
(6) seedling brought out through the method for the present invention, growth is consistent, and for internode away from short, root system is very flourishing, root long, radical and
Maximum leaf length and width product higher than seedbed seedling raising manners 114.83%, 44.68% and 52.85% respectively, root fresh weight, root fresh weight ratio and
Whole strain dry matter content than seedbed height of seedling 254.57%, 269.88% and 29.57%, illustrates nutrient bag seedling not only in biology respectively
The characteristics of showing well developed root system in character is learned, advantage is showed on biomass and is become apparent from, the root/shoot ratio and strong sprout of nutrient bag seedling
Index is higher than seedbed nursery by 71.43% and 70.34% respectively, absolutely proves that nutrient bag seedling well developed root system, internode be sturdy, seedling matter
Amount is significantly better than seedbed seedling.
(7) the method for the present invention is sprinkled profoundly water before transplanting to nutrient bag, and nutrient bag seedling band mass of soil is transplanted, and root is not hurt, and slow seedling is fast,
Drought-resistant ability is strong, long-distance transportation no seedling injury, is particularly suitable for promoting and applying in the mountain area of drought, shortage irrigation conditions.
(8) the method for the present invention, which cultivates sweet potato seedling, has the advantages that seedbed nursery, floating seedlings are unexistent, i.e., in the time
On it is very wide in range, not will cause the contradiction of nursery and soil crops for rotation, can according to soil actual conditions select transplanting time, and also
3-5 sections of transplantation of seedlings can be cut again after seedling growth to 50cm, increase every young plant survives probability, guarantees each young plant
The last breeding stage can be can smoothly enter into, the strain to do very well can obtain enough potato wedges, increase numerous seedling of second year
Amount, shorten breeding time, improve breed breeding efficiency, even, as long as selection appropriate size nutrient bag, can not also cutting seedlings,
The potato wedge in nutrient bag is finally directly harvested, breeding is carried out, eliminates the work of field planting, management etc., saves worry, is laborsaving, warp
It helps, efficiently.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the seedling figure that sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling raising manners grow to 30 days；
Fig. 2 is the seedling figure that sweet photo seed seedbed seedling raising manners grow to 30 days；
Fig. 3 compares figure for the seedling root band soil situation of the nursery of sweet photo seed nutritional bag and seedbed seedling raising manners；
Fig. 4 is that the seedbed nursery of sweet photo seed and floating seedlings cultivate seedling growth and compare figure；
Fig. 5 is the histogram of sweet potato seedling root/shoot ratio and seedling vigorous index under different seedling raising manners.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, specific steps are as follows:
1) select seedbed: select it is smooth, leeward, on the sunny side, facilitate the vacant lot of management as the seedbed for putting nutrient bag；
2) nutrient bag: selecting specification for the black plastic nutrient bag of 10 × 12cm, and aperture is arranged at nutrient bag bottom, is sweet potato block
Root provides enough growing spaces, guarantees sufficiently to reflect sweet potato potato shape feature；
3) Nutrition Soil: (gained after methane-generating pit ferments such as crop material, cow dung, pig manure, main component is organic matter to biogas residue
With humus etc.) it dries, pulverize, crossing 20 meshes, it is spare；Fertile garden mould, removes impurity removing, dries, and pulverizes, and crosses 20 meshes, standby
With；Nutrition Soil is made after biogas residue, vermiculite, garden mould, plant ash are mixed well in proportion；First water is added to mix wet, Nutrition Soil using preceding
Water content is 60%, i.e., hand is pinched agglomerating, is put down in the state scattered；
4) fill Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: Jiang Jiashui mixes wet Nutrition Soil and is packed into nutrient bag, and first filling 1/4 expires, and is then placed in
5 grams of compound fertilizer is further continued for loading Nutrition Soil suppression and tamps, and Nutrition Soil facilitates watering from sack 1-2cm, and nutrient bag is tight
Close to be placed in together, surrounding is crowded around with soil or brick, prevents personnel from walking about and the nutrient bag on side is knocked down, and play water conservation
Effect；
5) seed sows pre-treatment: 98% concentrated sulfuric acid of sweet photo seed being impregnated 30 minutes, and is stirred continuously, makes to plant
Son comes into full contact with the concentrated sulfuric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out and with tap water by seed flushing 3 times or more, guarantees to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid, so
After be transferred in 50-55 DEG C of warm water and impregnate, stirred when impregnating, be heated evenly seed, temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minutes
When, stop stirring, seed is transferred in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid, continues to impregnate 5-10 minutes, take out seed
It is cleaned, is transferred in culture dish with distilled water, distilled water is added, distilled water is advisable just to submerge seed, by the lid of culture dish
It covers, is put into illumination cultivation to seed in illumination box and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, count germination percentage；
6) it sows: before sowing, first the nutrient bag for installing Nutrition Soil being drenched water, small wooden or tweezers are used among nutrient bag
The hole for making a call to a 1.5cm depth is selected the seed kind to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and is entered in hole, pays attention to root downward, then in covering 1cm thickness above
Nutrition Soil, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out will be reseeded again, then cover mulch, heat and moisture preserving.
7) daily management: checking emergence daily, and selection is at dusk after neat seedling or the cloudy day takes off film, pours immediately once after taking off film
Permeable, if taken off behind film, several days sun are very strong, need lid sunshade net to carry out hardening, prevent from being exposed to the sun；It generally takes off before film not
It needs to water, 3 days early periods poured a water after taking off film, poured a water within Later growth 7 days；Qi Miaohou 3-5 days is planted by 15g/150
The amount of son applies nursery fertilizer, applies disposable fertilizer every 7 days；After sowing 30-40 days, 8-10cm is grown to seedling, 6-8 piece leaf can be moved
It plants.
Embodiment 2
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, specific steps are as follows:
1) select seedbed: select it is smooth, leeward, on the sunny side, facilitate the vacant lot of management as the seedbed for putting nutrient bag；
2) nutrient bag: aperture is arranged at selection black plastic nutrient bag, nutrient bag bottom, the case where not needing transplanting crop field
Under, the nutrient bag of bigger specification is selected, enough growing spaces is provided for sweet potato root tuber, guarantees sufficiently to reflect sweet potato potato shape
Feature；
3) Nutrition Soil: (gained after methane-generating pit ferments such as crop material, cow dung, pig manure, main component is organic matter to biogas residue
With humus etc.) it dries, pulverize, crossing 20 meshes, it is spare；Fertile garden mould, removes impurity removing, dries, and pulverizes, and crosses 20 meshes, standby
With；By biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould: plant ash=6:2:20:1 weight ratio is prepared, after above-mentioned material is mixed well in proportion,
It is sterilized 40 minutes with 121 DEG C of high-pressure sterilizing pot, sufficiently killing germ, worm's ovum, weed seed etc.；Water is first added to mix wet, battalion using preceding
Supporting soil water content is 60%, i.e. hand is pinched agglomerating, is put down in the state scattered；
4) fill Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: Jiang Jiashui mixes wet Nutrition Soil and is packed into nutrient bag, and first filling 1/4 expires, and is then placed in
Compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=20:7:13) 5 grams, be further continued for being packed into Nutrition Soil suppression and tamp, Nutrition Soil from sack 1-2cm,
Facilitate watering；Nutrient bag is closely placed in together, surrounding is crowded around with soil or brick, prevents personnel from walking about the nutrition on side
Bag knocks down, and plays the role of water conservation；
5) seed sows pre-treatment: 98% concentrated sulfuric acid of sweet photo seed being impregnated 30 minutes, and is stirred continuously, makes to plant
Son comes into full contact with the concentrated sulfuric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out and with tap water by seed flushing 3 times or more, guarantees to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid, so
After be transferred in 50-55 DEG C of warm water and impregnate, stirred when impregnating, be heated evenly seed, temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minutes
When, stop stirring, seed is transferred in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid, continues to impregnate 5-10 minutes, take out seed
It is cleaned, is transferred in culture dish with distilled water, distilled water is added, distilled water is advisable just to submerge seed, by the lid of culture dish
It covers, is put into illumination cultivation 48h in 25 DEG C of illumination boxs, per a water is changed for 24 hours, culture to seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and counts germination percentage；
6) it sows: before sowing, first the nutrient bag for installing Nutrition Soil being drenched water, small wooden or tweezers are used among nutrient bag
The hole for making a call to a 1.5cm depth is selected the seed kind to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and is entered in hole, pays attention to root downward, then in covering 1cm thickness above
Nutrition Soil, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out will be reseeded again, then cover mulch, heat and moisture preserving；
7) daily management: checking emergence daily, and selection is at dusk after neat seedling or the cloudy day takes off film, pours immediately once after taking off film
Permeable, if taken off behind film, several days sun are very strong, need lid sunshade net to carry out hardening, prevent from being exposed to the sun；It generally takes off before film not
It needs to water, 3 days early periods poured a water after taking off film, poured a water within Later growth 7 days；Qi Miaohou 3-5 days is planted by 15g/150
The amount of son applies nursery fertilizer, and disposable fertilizer was applied every 7 days, and the nursery fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2The compound fertilizer of O=20:7:13, nitrogen are dense
Nursery fertilizer is dissolved into water, is poured onto nutrient bag with water in 300mg/L by degree control；After sowing 30-40 days, 8- is grown to seedling
10cm, 6-8 piece leaf can be transplanted.
Experimental analysis
No. 3 progress nutritional bags of in September, 2015 and conventional seedbed system test, specific embodiment are as follows:
(1) seed pre-sowing treatment: September 3 in 2015 carries out vernalization processing before sweet photo seed is broadcast, chooses hybridization group
True seed 450 of No. 1510 are closed, are fitted into beaker, is impregnated 30 minutes with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and be stirred continuously, fills seed
The tap touching concentrated sulfuric acid, it is 10 minutes especially preceding, it need to be sufficiently stirred, come into full contact with all seeds with the concentrated sulfuric acid, corrosion kind sublist
The concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out and with tap water by seed flushing 3 times or more, guarantees to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid by the hard cuticula in face；Then
It is transferred in 55-60 DEG C of warm water and impregnates, stirred when impregnating, be heated evenly seed, when temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minutes,
Stop stirring, seed is transferred in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid, continue to impregnate 5-10 minutes, takes out seed and use
Distilled water is cleaned, and is transferred in culture dish and (is divided into 3 groups, every group 150), and distilled water is added, is advisable with just submerging seed, is covered
Lid is placed in illumination cultivation in 25 DEG C of illumination boxs, changes within 12 hours a water, and seed, which shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, after 24-48 hours to sow；
Germination percentage is counted with 48h in for 24 hours.
(2) nutrient bag is sowed: September 6 in 2015, and seedling medium is watered, and it is wet to mix, and is then charged into 10 × 12cm specification
In nutrient bag, 1/4 is first filled, is put into 5 grams of compound fertilizers, Nutrition Soil suppression is refilled and tamps to sack 1-2cm, then press horizontally-arranged 5, erect
It arranges on 10 close-packed arrays to the vacant lot chosen, putting 3 rows side by side, (as 3 repetitions, every repetition 50 are each to repeat selection 50
Grain germination seed), it is adjacent two rows between be spaced 30cm, facilitate finishing operations management, surrounding is crowded around with small square brick, then irrigated
Water；The pitting that a depth about 1.5cm is made a call among nutrient bag is unified in tweezers, then select germination healthy seed point be multicast to it is small
In hole, root is paid attention to downward, then 1 seed of each nutrient bag kind covers the Nutrition Soil of about 1cm thickness above seed, compacting is poured
It is permeable, cover film, heat and moisture preserving；Film requires one side compact with soil, other three faces are pushed down with calculon, are conveniently taken off film and are checked out
Growth of cereal crop seedlings condition.
(3) seeding in nursery bed: September 6 in 2015 carries out seedbed nursery on the same day, first builds seedbed, and seedbed size is length
100cm, wide 80cm, high 15cm first plough deeply plot leveling, do not stay soil block, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields by the fertilizer application amount of nutrient bag on ground
On, the seedling medium of one layer of 5cm high is then spread on fertilizer, is sprinkled profoundly water；Seedbed is uniformly divided into 3 fritters, it first will with tweezers
The ditch of a depth about 1.5cm is marked in seedbed, and then the seed of germination is evenly arranged in ditch, then covers substrate soil, is smeared
It is flat, then a water is poured, it is every to repeat 50 grain germination seeds of selection if 3 repetitions；Arch, which is curved, with fine bamboo strip after having sowed is inserted into seedling
Bed two sides, then spread film, build up Small plastic shed.
(4) it takes off film: after planting observing and count number of emerging daily, perform record；On September 11st, 2015, two kinds of nursery sides
Formula Qi Miao at dusk took the film being covered on above nutrient bag off in the same day, and pour it is primary permeable, because of the following days
It is continuous rainy weather, therefore does not have to lid sunshade net；It encounters burning sun to be exposed to the sun weather, then to cover sunshade net, can be taken off after hardening 7 days
Remove sunshade net；Film above seedbed nursery arched shed is not taken off.
(5) apply fertilizer: September 15 in 2015 uniformly applies nursery fertilizer for the first time, and nutritional bag and seedbed nursery claim respectively
15g compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=20:7:13 it) is dissolved into 1000ml water, nitrogen concentration is controlled in 300mg/L, is uniformly poured onto
On seedling, it is spaced 7 days unified Shi Yici fertilizer according to the above method.
(6) manage: view soil moisture situation watering, nutritional bag mode pour a water in fair weather about 3 days, the cloudy day
7 days can be extended to and pour a water；Seedbed seedling raising manners can not have to watering substantially, can guarantee with the water that fertilising is poured every time
Seedbed is wet, grows into after 20 days, and the morning and the film that suitably open seedbed arched shed both ends afternoon carry out hardening, restraining the growth of seedlings.
(7) sampling statistics: after planting 30 days, i.e. on October 6th, 2015, every 10 plants of repetition sampling of every processing, measurement root long,
Plant height, radical, the leaf length of maximum leaf and leaf width, root fresh weight, cauline leaf fresh weight, root dry weight, cauline leaf dry weight simultaneously calculate root/shoot ratio=root
Fresh weight/cauline leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight ratio=root fresh weight/whole strain fresh weight × 100 and seedling vigorous index=(stem thickness/plant height) × complete stool are dry
Weight.
(8) interpretation of result
Through counting, the specific germination percentage statistical conditions of the sweet photo seed of dense sulfuric acid treatment are shown in Table 1.
The germination percentage of 1 dense sulfuric acid treatment sweet photo seed of table
As seen from Table 1, the sweet photo seed germination percentage with higher of dense sulfuric acid treatment, average germination percentage reach
92.55%, if not being executed in strict accordance with Seeds preprocess step operation, germination percentage is up to 100% the problem of seed itself.
Different seedling raising manners sweet photo seeding ratio situations are shown in Table 2.
The different seedling raising manners sweet photo seeding ratios of table 2
As shown in Table 2, although nutritional bag mode speed of emergence does not have seedbed seedling raising manners fast, the neat seedling time is 5 days,
1 day more late than seedbed nursery, but nutritional bag emergence rate is higher than seedbed nursery, reaches 99.33%, only 1 seed does not go out
Seedling.
The biological character statistics of different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedlings is shown in Table 3.
The biological character of the different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedlings of table 3
Note: " ± " number subsequent number is standard deviation, and lowercase indicates 5% horizontal significant difference, capital letter matrix
Show 1% horizontal extremely significant difference.
As shown in Table 3, for nutrient bag because being grown under natural environmental condition, the high temperature created without seedbed seedling raising manners is high
Wet bar part, therefore grow slower, but stem thickness difference is unobvious, and especially its internode meets strong sprout standard away from very short, and seedbed nursery
Because of hot and humid environment, growth is too fast, easily causes lodging, root long, radical and the maximum leaf length and width of nutritional bag mode
Higher than seedbed seedling raising manners 114.83%, 44.68% and 52.85%, difference reach significantly product respectively, illustrate that nutrient bag is educated
Seedling mode well developed root system, stalk is sturdy, leaf area is big, more meets strong sprout requirement.
The biomass statistics situation of different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedlings is shown in Table 4.
The biomass of the different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedlings of table 4
Note: " ± " number subsequent number is standard deviation, and lowercase indicates 5% horizontal significant difference, capital letter matrix
Show 1% horizontal extremely significant difference.
As shown in Table 4, two kinds of seedling raising manners cauline leaf fresh weights and whole strain fresh weight difference are unobvious, and the root of nutrient bag seedling is fresh
Weight, root fresh weight ratio and whole strain dry matter content are respectively than seedbed height of seedling 254.57%, 269.88% and 29.57%, difference difference
Reach significant, extremely significant and extremely significant, illustrate nutrient bag seedling not only the characteristics of showing well developed root system on biological character,
Advantage is showed on biomass to become apparent from.
Root/shoot ratio reflects the correlation of plant shoot and underground part, and in crops seedling stage, big root/shoot ratio is conducive to root
System absorbs nutrient, creates good nutrient growth condition, seedling vigorous index more can objectively react seedling upgrowth situation and
Quality, under normal circumstances, value are bigger, and seedling quality is better.As shown in figure 5, the root/shoot ratio and seedling vigorous index of nutrient bag seedling point
Not Wei 0.14 and 0.0118, bigger than seedbed nursery by 71.43% and 70.34% respectively, difference reaches extremely significant level, sufficiently says
Bright nutrient bag seedling well developed root system, internode are sturdy, seedling quality is significantly better than seedbed seedling.
Real shooting photo when Fig. 1-4 is seedling growth test, as shown in Figure 1, the seedling that nutritional bag mode is cultivated is raw
Long neat and consistent, internode be short and sturdy, without disease pest and weed；As shown in Fig. 2, weeds are more on the seedbed of seedbed method for culturing seedlings, it is real
Raw seedling growth is irregular, and buckling phenomenon occurs in base portion, and leaf, which has to be gnawed by pest, bites phenomenon；As shown in figure 3, the left side is educated for nutrient bag
When the practical transplanting of seedling, band Nutrition Soil is transplanted, and when transplanting can directly pour out seedling and Nutrition Soil, or nutrient bag is torn, in
Between for from nutrient bag take out after seedling band soil situation, the right be seedbed nursery from seedbed take out after seedling band soil situation,
The two it was found that, seedling raising manners educated seedling root in seedbed is short and lacks, substantially without soil, and the educated reality of nutritional bag mode
Raw seedling root system is long and intensive, and than more developed, band soil is more；As shown in figure 4, nutritional bag mode cultivates seedling internode tubbiness
Stalwartness, blade is intensive and larger, and root system is long and intensive and more developed, and seedling raising manners cultivation seedling internode in seedbed is longer, stem foot
There is bending in portion, and blade is sparse and smaller, and root system is short and sparse.
There is one layer of hard cuticula outside Sweet potato seeds kind skin, can seldom germinate under normal circumstances.Traditional nutrient bag is educated
Seedling combination seedbed nursery carries out (such as tobacco), first sows seed on wet seedbed and germinates, long to 2-3cm to seedling,
It is transplanted in nutrient bag, and also to establish arched shed above nutrient bag and guarantee humidity and temperature, just can guarantee full stand, seedling in this way
It strengthens, grow unanimously, but process is more, takes a lot of work, time-consuming.And the present invention first uses 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to impregnate sweet photo seed 30
Minute, corrode the hard cuticula of the surface of the seed, then through warm water and chemicals treatment, sweet potato reality is broken in further sufficiently water suction
Raw seed dormancy, after its germination, the chitting piece bunch plating for selecting health enters in nutrient bag, and covers film, until it is emerged,
Then covering shading net carries out hardening after selecting suitable weather to take off film or taking off film, it is ensured that and true seed 100% is emerged, at
Seedling.
Sweet potato generally uses cutting propagation in Production of Large Fields, and whether seedbed nursery or floating seedlings are without foot
Enough spaces guarantee sweet potato seedling grow to meet cutting seedlings requirement 20cm or more it is long, and nutritional bag then can satisfy it is sweet
The different cutting seedlings requirement of potato can both be transplanted to its length to 20cm with regard to cutting seedlings, can also once cut multistage to its length to longer
Seedling, the part left after cutting seedlings can also continue to numerous seedling.This characteristic of nutritional bag is for can be with the sweet potato of cutting propagation
Breeding of new variety has very big advantage, and the more plants of breedings of one plant of seedling, more place screenings, more seasons whereby may be implemented
Screening is remarkably improved breeding efficiency, shortens breeding process.
The present invention, which uses, presses biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould: the Nutrition Soil that plant ash=6:2:20:1 weight ratio is prepared, sufficiently
It after mixing, is sterilized 40 minutes with 121 DEG C of high-pressure sterilizing pot, sufficiently killing germ, worm's ovum, weed seed etc., it can be to greatest extent
The generation of disease pest and weed is avoided, this Nutrition Soil well-formed, physicochemical property are good, full of nutrition, are rich in potash fertilizer, are very suitable to sweet potato
The growth of seedling, and a new way is provided for the utilization of a large amount of biogas residues in rural area.
The present invention uses proportion for N:P2O5:K2Nursery fertilizer makees in the high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer of O=20:7:13, both ensure that seedling
Demand of the phase fast-growth to N fertilizer, high potassium content can increase the resistance of seedling, lodging resistance, combine phosphate fertilizer
Demand.Moreover, the ratio of nursery fertilizer 15g/L in proportion is first dissolved into water by the present invention, it is poured onto nutrient bag after mixing evenly
In, it can guarantee that sweet potato seedling growth is neat, consistent.
The present invention is educated, and sweet potato seedling can directly be transplanted to crop field as other crops, do not fall soil, do not hurt root,
Acquired environment is adaptable, can guarantee higher survival rate；Cutting seedlings breeding can also be carried out, does not need to carry out secondary training
It educates, saves seedling raise period；It can also be cultivated directly in nutrient bag to knot potato, harvest evaluation saves the program of field-transplanting, more
Saving of labor, time saving, convenient, economy.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above and attached drawing are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it,
Although the present invention has been described in detail by above preferred embodiment, however, those skilled in the art should understand that,
Various changes can be made to it in the form and details, without departing from model defined by claims of the present invention
It encloses.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, it is characterised in that: specific steps are as follows:
1) select seedbed: select it is smooth, leeward, on the sunny side, facilitate the vacant lot of management as the seedbed for putting nutrient bag；
2) nutrient bag: selection black plastic nutrient bag；
3) Nutrition Soil: biogas residue is dried, is pulverized, crossing 20 meshes, spare；Fertile garden mould, removes impurity removing, dries, and pulverizes, and crosses 20 mesh
Sieve, it is spare；Nutrition Soil presses biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould: plant ash=6:2:20:1 weight ratio is prepared, with high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121
DEG C sterilizing 40 minutes, sufficiently killing germ, worm's ovum, weed seed；Using it is preceding first plus water mix it is wet, Nutrition Soil water content be 60%,
I.e. hand is pinched agglomerating, is put down in the state scattered；
4) fill Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: Jiang Jiashui mixes wet Nutrition Soil and is packed into nutrient bag, and first filling 1/4 expires, and is then placed in compound
5 grams of fertilizer is further continued for loading Nutrition Soil suppression and tamps, and Nutrition Soil is closely placed in together from sack 1-2cm, by nutrient bag,
Surrounding is crowded around with soil or brick；The compound fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2O=20:7:13；
5) seed sows pre-treatment: 98% concentrated sulfuric acid of sweet photo seed being impregnated 30 minutes, and is stirred continuously, seed is filled
The concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out and with tap water by seed flushing 3 times or more, guarantees to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid, then turn by the tap touching concentrated sulfuric acid
Enter and impregnated in 50-55 DEG C of warm water, the stirring of this process lasts is heated evenly seed, temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minutes
When, stop stirring, seed is transferred in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid, continues to impregnate 5-10 minutes, take out seed
It is cleaned, is transferred in culture dish with distilled water, distilled water is added, distilled water is advisable just to submerge seed, by the lid of culture dish
It covers, is put into illumination cultivation in illumination box；
6) it sows: before sowing, first the nutrient bag for installing Nutrition Soil being drenched water, makes a call to one with small wooden or tweezers among nutrient bag
The hole of a 1.5cm depth is selected the seed kind to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and is entered in hole, pays attention to root downward, then in the nutrition for covering 1cm thickness above
Soil, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out will be reseeded again, then cover mulch, heat and moisture preserving；
7) daily management: checking emergence daily, and selection is at dusk after neat seedling or the cloudy day takes off film, pours immediately once thoroughly after taking off film
Water after film removes, covers hardening 5-7 days according to weather sunshade net；It does not need to water before taking off film, 3 days early periods poured after taking off film
Water pours a water in Later growth 7 days；Qi Miaohou 3-5 days applies nursery fertilizer by the amount of 15g/150 seeds, applied every 7 days
Disposable fertilizer；After sowing 30-40 days, 8-10cm is grown to seedling, 6-8 piece leaf can be transplanted.
2. a kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 2),
It needs cutting seedlings transplanting crop field to carry out strain and expands nutrient bag of numerous selection compared with small dimension, need directly to grow and carry out in Seedling bag
The nutrient bag of the larger specification of selection of strain breeding.
3. a kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 5),
Sweet photo seed 25 DEG C of illumination cultivation 48h in illumination box change a water for 24 hours.
4. a kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 7),
The nursery fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2The compound fertilizer of O=20:7:13, nitrogen concentration are controlled in 300mg/L, and nursery fertilizer is dissolved into water
In, it is poured onto nutrient bag with water.
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| CN106961992B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2020-11-17 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Sowing and seedling raising method for cassava seed |
| CN108207504B (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2020-04-17 | 云南农业大学 | Method for breeding marsdenia tenacissima seedlings by using nutrition bags |
| CN109463232A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-03-15 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | A kind of sweet photo seed gently simplifies method for culturing seedlings |
| CN111802197B (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-12-07 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating sweet potato seedling seeds based on seedling growing cylinder |
| CN112535155B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-03-08 | 河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所 | Crop insect pest information acquisition device |
| CN112913613A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Rapid breeding method for sweet potato seedling seeds |
| CN113951075B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-12-30 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Method for breaking shells of sweet potato seeds and raising seedlings |
| CN114402852A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-29 | 海南万安农业开发有限公司 | Areca nut nutrition bag seedling growing method |
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