CN104969764A - Method of rapid seedling growing of true seeds of sweet potatoes - Google Patents
Method of rapid seedling growing of true seeds of sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104969764A CN104969764A CN201510435263.XA CN201510435263A CN104969764A CN 104969764 A CN104969764 A CN 104969764A CN 201510435263 A CN201510435263 A CN 201510435263A CN 104969764 A CN104969764 A CN 104969764A
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- seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention provides a method of rapid seedling growing of true seeds of sweet potatoes. The true seeds are processed for 30 minutes by concentrated sulfuric acid, rinsed by clean water, directly sown in a base material, then covered by a mulching film for 3 days so that all seedlings can sprout, and then irrigated in a micro-jet manner so that seed coats can shed naturally. The micro-jet watering is performed in daily management so as to control the temperature and the humidity. According to the invention, seedling growing procedures are saved; large labor is reduced; and emergence time of the seedlings of sweet potatoes is increased. In addition, via the combination of the mulching film and the micro-jet irrigation, a problem of manual removing of seed coats after the true seedlings of sweet potatoes sprout is solved, labor is saved and percentage of seedling emergency of the true seedlings of sweet potatoes is greatly increased. Tests and statistics show that the average generation rate of the true seedlings of hybridized combination of sweet potatoes is more than 85%, survival rate of seedlings is more than 90% and requirements on planting, inserting and breeding of new varieties of the true seedlings of sweet potatoes can be completely satisfied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop breeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of simple and effective sweet photo seed fast seedling growing field.
Background technology
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is important in the world grain, feed, the raw material of industry and novel energy crop, and in Asia, the torrid zone, subtropics, the Temperate Region in China such as Africa and Latin America widely cultivate.Sweet potato, in world's grain-production, always produces arrangement the 7th.In China's grain-production, be only second to paddy rice, wheat and maize, occupy the 4th, there is important economic worth and strategic position.The long-term cultivated area of current China sweet potato is in 5-6 × 10
6hm
2, account for about 50% of world's gross area, gross annual output amount accounts for more than 80% of Gross World Product.
Crossbreeding is the main path of Sweetpotato seed selection, hybridization to obtain sweet photo seed be that sweet potato blossoms and bears fruit and the real seed that obtains, be called as true seed, there is anatomical structure and the feature of typical seed, be different from the Sweet potato seeds of sweet potato Commercial cultivation.In production, the seed of indication is actually the block root of sweet potato, vegetative propagation sweet potato cuttage seeding can be used for Production of Large Fields.Due to the hexaploid that sweet potato is height heterozygosis, so that hybrid generation's trait segregation is serious, makes the efficiency of breeding of new variety lower, needs every year to sow a large amount of true seeds.How simple and effective cultivates sweet photo seedling from seed is one of breed breeding key issue in the urgent need to address.
At present, about the seedling-cultivating method of sweet photo seed has no report.The process report of sweet photo planting seed is less.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: simple and effective cultivates sweet photo seedling from seed.
The common way of cultivation of sweet potato seedling needs through multiple step, is successively to choose seeds, break in the seed coat, surface sterilization, vernalization, nursery, growth management, cut seedling, cuttage etc., and operation is loaded down with trivial details, time-consumingly takes a lot of work.General seed selection step is float with clear water the seed going to upper strata shrivelled, dries for subsequent use, and the object of this step improves germination rate.Because shrivelled seed may be subject to insect pest or hypodevelopment etc., germination rate is less than 10%.This step that breaks in the seed coat mainly for the characteristic of sweet photo seed is.The cutin thickness of sweet photo seed seed coat and hard, seed coat also adheres to wax coat, make it waterproof, airtight, have mechanical inhibition to embryo, sweet photo seed can be stored and reach 21 years (A.Jonos etc. 1982 are published in the article longevity of stored seed of sweet-potato of HortScience) under certain temperature and humidity condition.Therefore sweet photo seed tool postpones the hard seed coat of water suction, seed coat must be scratched the sprouting accelerating seed with machinery or chemical method.For accelerating to sprout, generally all utilize the method manually breaking seed coat, not only time-consuming, also can destroy embryo portion, reduce emergence rate.Nineteen thirty-seven steinbauer publish thesis Methods ofscarifying sweet potato seed propose seed is immersed 30-45 minute in the concentrated sulfuric acid, then sowing after rinsing with clear water, Shen in 1985 is sowed green grass or young crops and is utilized the method report sweet photo seeding ratio to be only 10%-15%.Huang Hong city report dense sulfuric acid treatment 20-40 minute in 2003, sweet photo seeding ratio reaches 95%.From the author to the concentrated sulfuric acid make for, process 30 minutes, can meet completely a large amount of true seed sowing needs.Medicine seed soaking afterwards and vernalization step, for preventing bacterium and fungal disease, general use 500 times of thiophanate methyls soak seed 5 minutes after vernalization, namely in incubator, 25 DEG C of lid wet gauzes spend the night, after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally sow, because the seed after vernalization during germination to humidity and gas permeability requirements higher, if seed amount is too much, if sowing not in time, radicle is long easily brokenly affects germination rate, sow in batches and the inconsistent phenomenon of seedling matter can be brought, making troubles to management and follow-up planting.General vernalization sowing can not lid mulch film, in case humidity temperature is excessive occur bad root phenomenon, lid mulch film air humidity is not wayward, after emerging, seed coat is easily dry is bonded on plumular axis, and cotyledon and true leaf can not be extracted out in time, also needs manually to remove seed coat in time, time-consuming, also especially easily damage seedling.The present invention's concentrated sulfuric acid substitutes and manually breaks in the seed coat, and saves medicine seed soaking, vernalization step, directly sows lid mulch film, emerges early, neat, emergence rate is high, goes back saving of work and time.The growth of seedling stage replaces manually watering with micro-spray, without the need to topdressing, within 40 days, can cut seedling cuttage.
Beneficial effect:
1), nursery place is any.Any can booth, greenhouse, the land for growing field crops shed of human controllable's temperature and humidity.
2), seedling medium reasonable mixture ratio, meet sweet photo seedling needs completely.Land for growing field crops or booth are leveled land and can directly be spread 3cm vermiculite or matrix; Can the substrate seedling dish of random movement also can use; Recyclable recycling after vermiculite and matrix use.According to sweet photo planting seed feature and seedling growth needs, matrix used is vermiculite: quartz sand: turfy soil=1:1:2,2kg/m
3diammonium phosphate, 2kg/m
3after becoming thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure mixes.The feature of this nutrient matrix formula is economical and practical, it combines soft, the gas permeability of vermiculite and water retention property and the peat composed of rotten mosses and is rich in organic advantage, nutrient component contained in matrix meets sweet potato seedling seedling stage substantially to the demand of nutrition, without the need to manuring late.Spray for subsequent use with 1000 times of carbendazim before using.
3), concentrated sulfuric acid seed soaking is time saving and energy saving.Dense sulfuric acid treatment 30 minutes, emergence rate reaches more than 96%.Manually cut and carve that seed coat is not only time-consuming takes a lot of work, also can destroy embryo portion, emergence rate is only about 80%.
4), seed disinfection step is not needed.After the wash seeds that dense sulfuric acid treatment is crossed, can in live seedbed processing or matrix.
5), presprouting of seeds step is reduced.Live planting seed is simple to operate, decreases the mechanical damage of vernalization planting seed; During vernalization sowing, temperature and humidity control is bad there will be bad root phenomenon, and affect germination rate, time serious, germination rate is 0, nursery dangerous.Live seed is under 90% humidity mulching plastic film condition, and temperature 20-30 degree, mulch film is thrown off in rudiment about 70%, there will not be bad root phenomenon, and germination rate is more than 95%.
6), emerge soon.Matrix water permeable after, covering film, maintains the temperature at 25-40 DEG C of scope, and can germinate mulch film for 3 days, and seedling-growing time is short, and germinate neat, emergence rate is high.
7), remove from and manually go seed coat work, emerge neat.Plastic mulching heat and moisture preserving, during seed germination, seed coat can come off by nature, and cotyledon launches naturally, and emerge neat, emergence rate is high; Not after covering film seed sprouting, seed coat can be dry and hard above, affects cotyledon and true leaf expansion, cause dead seedling time serious.
8), daily management is simple.Utilize simple and easy sprinkling irrigation equipment to regulate humidity, energy of the sun greenhouse notices that ventilation is sheltered from heat or light cooling, and shed is noted aeration-cooling.Without the need to topdressing.Within 40 days, can directly cut seedling and plant land for growing field crops.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
By different for 20, sweet photo seed for subsequent use for the refrigerator in this enforcement parent offspring combination, amount to 32000 seeds, install with seed packet, to immerse in the 2L large beaker dress 500ml concentrated sulfuric acid one time about 10000, propose seed packet after 30min, rinse with a large amount of clear water, slightly dry, sow in the nutritive cube matrix in this enforcement, 11, cave seed, flicking 1mm, lid vermiculite strikes off, and waters permeable, lid mulch film, keeps greenhouse temperature 25-40 DEG C, within 3 days, takes off mulch film, keep humidity to spray, seed coat comes off naturally.Daily management is that sprinkling irrigation in morning is watered 1 time, and note sunshade at noon, within the 4th day, cotyledon launches completely, and within 2 weeks, true leaf is extracted out, and 40 days plant height 20cm, true leaf 10-12 sheet, cuts seedling cuttage land for growing field crops.Statistics planting percent is 69%-96%, average out to 85%.
Embodiment 2:
Sweet photo seed broken skin method for subsequent use for refrigerator in this enforcement is compared germination rate with the artificial method of breaking.Choose the full true seed of Xu potato 27 offspring, one group breaks seed coat with Nail scissors, cleans for one group with clear water after dense sulfuric acid treatment 30min.Each 100,3 repeat.By this method sowing, after 3 days, add up bud ratio.Two groups of bud ratios are respectively 86% and 98%.Manually break seed coat, with 1 experienced operator not shutdown process 1000 seeds calculating in 8 hours, calculate to sow 30,000-4 ten thousand gauge every year, need 10 and just can complete for experienced operator 3-4 days.Concentrated sulfuric acid seed soaking only needs 1 workman, and half a day can complete.Manually cut and carve that seed coat is not only time-consuming takes a lot of work, also can destroy embryo portion, reduce emergence rate.
Embodiment 3:
Sweet photo seed seedling-raising method in this enforcement is compared planting percent with Pregermination and seedling breeding.Choose Xu's potato 27 offspring full true seed, after broken skin process, one group biochemical cultivation case 28 degree, after soaking 1h, elimination moisture, the moisturizing of lid wet gauze is spent the night, with the planting seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.One group of seed is directly sowed.Each 100,3 repeat.By this method sowing, after 3 days, add up planting percent.Two groups of planting percents are respectively 1% and 97%.After vernalization, seed respiration is strengthened, high to humidity and temperature control overflow, and high humility tolerance reduces, and is very easy to rotten dead seedling.Non-vernalization seed, emerges and throws off mulch film immediately for 3 days, can not affect by hot and humid.This method takes not vernalization to sow, and one is to omit step, and two is not by humidity effect.
Embodiment 4:
Sweet photo seed epiphragma nursery in this enforcement is compared seed coat expulsion rate and germinating time with not epiphragma nursery.Choose the full true seed of Xu potato 27 offspring, by this method sowing, one group of lid mulch film.One group of not lid mulch film.Each 100,3 repeat.Add up time of sprouting and seed coat nature expulsion rate.The lid mulch film group time of sprouting not is 3-5 days, emerges irregular, needs workman to water water control according to humidity every day and wets, within seed coat 3-7 days, nature expulsion rate is 50%, planting percent is only 63.89%, and part does not come off seed coat also can seedling, but cotyledon and true leaf imperfect, young leaves grows slowly, most seed coat does not come off, and can become dry, and is bonded on plumular axis, cotyledon and true leaf cannot be extracted out, with lethal seedling.Lid mulch film group, takes off mulch film, gets final product tidy seedlings output, germination rate 95% for 3 days, and seed coat nature expulsion rate is up to 93%, and assistant spray device, the seed coat naturally do not come off during germination, tear-away while cotyledon launches, accumulative expulsion rate is 98%, and planting percent reaches 99%.
Claims (7)
1. a method for sweet photo seed fast seedling growing, its feature is as follows:
(1) seed preparation: first remove floating shrivelled seed fast with clear water, be stored in closed container after drying, refrigerator cold-storage stores for future use;
(2) seedbed prepares: on leveling land in greenhouse or booth, do seedbed, spread thick vermiculite or matrix; Or for subsequent use in loading nutritive cube, nutritive cube can not limit by soil, be placed in any place in energy of the sun greenhouse;
(3) seed pre-treatment: the sweet photo seed concentrated sulfuric acid is soaked, then use clear water rinsed clean for subsequent use;
(4) planting seed: program request is in matrix, and flicking, spreads vermiculite and cover, and strike off;
(5) temperature controls: water permeable bonnet mulch film and keep humidity, energy of the sun green house control temperature is at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, and after planting rudiment about 70%, can take mulch film off;
(6) seed coat is removed in spraying: 95% seed coat is good because of plastic mulching moistening effect, naturally comes off after seed coat imbibition, and small part seed coat keeps seed coat moistening by sprinkling irrigation equipment ejection atomized water, substantially can naturally come off, without the need to manually removing seed coat;
(7) seedbed management: energy of the sun greenhouse possesses spraying sun-shading ventilating equipment, temperature controllable, at 25 DEG C-40 DEG C, utilizes spraying apparatus to keep soil humidity to be 80% according to the dry wet situation of matrix;
(8) transplant: true seed sowing 40-50 days, seedling grows to 10-12 sheet true leaf, cuts seedling and carry out land for growing field crops cuttage transplanting during height of seedling 20cm.
2. the method for a kind of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the matrix in step (2) is vermiculite: quartz sand: turfy soil=1:1:2, includes 2kg/m
3diammonium phosphate, 2kg/m
3chicken manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed.
3. the method for a kind of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: with the carbendazim spray disinfectant mixing of 1:1000 in mass ratio before the matrix of the loading nutritive cube in step (2) uses, matrix with pinch can agglomerating, open one's hand loose for standard.
4. the method for a kind of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: 10Kg/ mu diammonium phosphate and the organic excrement of 10Kg/ mu are used in the seedbed in step (2), spray 1:500 in mass ratio to dilute carbendazim bonnet mulch film and take off mulch film after 2 days, make the wide strip of 1m and level land and spread vermiculite or matrix 2cm is for subsequent use.
5. the method for a kind of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: nutritive cube cave number (4x8) in step (2), the long 54cm of disk body, wide 28cm, the dark 110mm in cave, 23x23mm bottom bore 60mmx60mm.
6. the method for a kind of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (3), true seed is dry true seed, and load with the seed packet that Taizhou of Zhejiang Shai Wang factory buys, seed packet is directly immersed 30min in the 500ml concentrated sulfuric acid that 2L glass beaker fills, bring out rear a large amount of clear water and rinse.
7. the method for a kind of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (6), sprinkling irrigation equipment is the micro-spraying equipment according to the assembling of seedbed size, and each atomizer can cover 1.75M
2.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105766310A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-20 | 云南农业大学 | Method for raising seedlings out of sweet potato true seeds through nutritive bags |
| CN105794354A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-27 | 云南农业大学 | Floating seedling raising method for sweet potato true seeds |
| CN107278867A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-10-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of breeding method of sweet potato seedling |
| CN107439178A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-08 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of sweet potato sprout long distance transportation method |
| CN109463232A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-03-15 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | A kind of sweet photo seed gently simplifies method for culturing seedlings |
| CN111373901A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-07-07 | 湖南省棉花科学研究所 | Rapid germination propagation method for sweet potato seeds |
| CN111802197A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-10-23 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating sweet potato seedling seeds based on seedling growing cylinder |
| CN112021120A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-04 | 湛江市农业科学研究院（广东省（湛江）区域性农业试验中心） | Method for screening sweet potato fruit line |
| CN112913613A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Rapid breeding method for sweet potato seedling seeds |
| CN113179894A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-30 | 怀化学院 | Rapid seedling growing method for paris polyphylla seeds |
| CN113508661A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-10-19 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for promoting rapid germination of sweet potato seeds |
| CN113951075A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-01-21 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Method for breaking shells of sweet potato seeds and raising seedlings |
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| CN105794354A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-27 | 云南农业大学 | Floating seedling raising method for sweet potato true seeds |
| CN105794354B (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2018-09-11 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of sweet photo seed float seedling method |
| CN105766310B (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2019-06-14 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method |
| CN105766310A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-20 | 云南农业大学 | Method for raising seedlings out of sweet potato true seeds through nutritive bags |
| CN107439178A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-08 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of sweet potato sprout long distance transportation method |
| CN107278867B (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2023-06-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Breeding method of sweet potato seedlings |
| CN107278867A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-10-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of breeding method of sweet potato seedling |
| CN109463232A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-03-15 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | A kind of sweet photo seed gently simplifies method for culturing seedlings |
| CN111373901A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-07-07 | 湖南省棉花科学研究所 | Rapid germination propagation method for sweet potato seeds |
| CN111802197A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-10-23 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating sweet potato seedling seeds based on seedling growing cylinder |
| CN112021120A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-04 | 湛江市农业科学研究院（广东省（湛江）区域性农业试验中心） | Method for screening sweet potato fruit line |
| CN112913613A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Rapid breeding method for sweet potato seedling seeds |
| CN113179894A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-30 | 怀化学院 | Rapid seedling growing method for paris polyphylla seeds |
| CN113179894B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2023-03-14 | 怀化学院 | Rapid seedling growing method for paris polyphylla seeds |
| CN113508661A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-10-19 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for promoting rapid germination of sweet potato seeds |
| CN113951075A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-01-21 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Method for breaking shells of sweet potato seeds and raising seedlings |
| CN113951075B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-12-30 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Method for breaking shells of sweet potato seeds and raising seedlings |
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