CN114586624A - Efficient seedling raising method for euphorbia pekinensis seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient seedling raising method for euphorbia pekinensis seeds, which comprises the following parts: 1) seed preparation: during collection, selecting mature and full seeds, and collecting one batch of mature seeds; picking up the fruit ears together, hanging the picked fruit in a ventilated place for preservation, removing impurities, kneading, and then cleaning and selecting clean seeds; 2) pretreatment of seeds: accelerating germination and then sowing; 3) water content management: watering on time to keep the humidity of a seedling raising field and ensure normal seedling emergence of the euphorbia pekinensis; 4) field management: after the euphorbia pekinensis sprouts, weeding is carried out by hands, so that the surface of the moist bed and an operation channel are clean and free of impurities; 5) intertillage management, fertilizing for 3-4 times in the whole growth period, cutting off the withered plants on the ground after the plants wither in winter, cleaning the field and cultivating soil by burning soil; 6) pest control, namely, a green control method is adopted to control the euphorbia pekinensis, the blight and the root rot; the invention solves the problems of difficult germination and low seedling rate of the euphorbia pekinensis seeds.

Description

A kind of high-efficiency seedling raising method of Euphorbia chinensis seeds

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-efficiency seedling raising method for Euphorbia splendens seeds.

Background technique

The red spurge is the root tuber of Knoxia valerianoides Thorel ex Pitard, a Rubiaceae plant. It is used for edema and fullness, pleural effusion, accumulation of phlegm and phlegm, dyspnea, dyspepsia, carbuncle, sore, and phlegm. Hundreds of medicines have been produced and marketed with red spurge as raw material, such as Zijin Ding (powder) and saliva control pills. The market has been selling well, and the wild resources in Yunnan, Guangxi and other provinces of origin have been excavated for decades and are on the verge of depletion. However, the relevant researches on Euphorbia are limited, and the systematic selection and breeding technology, seedling breeding technology system and introduction and domestication cultivation technology have not yet been formed. In particular, the research on the characteristics of its seeds is blank.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency seedling-raising method for Euphorbia chinensis seeds. The present invention is mainly aimed at the difficulties in the breeding of Euphorbia serrata seedlings, and studies from the aspects of fruit treatment, seed germination, and pest control, and formulates an operation plan to Solve the above-mentioned defects caused in the prior art.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of high-efficiency seedling raising method of Euphorbia splendens, comprising the following parts:

1) Seed preparation: when collecting, select mature and plump seeds, and collect a batch of mature seeds; the fruit ears are picked together, and the collected fruits are hung in a ventilated place in an amount of about 5kg each, and the air-dried fruit ears are removed. Shells and other debris, after rubbing, the net seeds are selected;

2) Seed pretreatment: germination first, then sowing;

3) Water management: It is necessary to water on time to maintain the humidity of the nursery ground and ensure that the spurge can emerge normally;

4) Field management: After the spurge sprouts emerge, weeds are pulled by hand to ensure that the bed surface and operating channel are clean and free of impurities;

5) cultivating management, fertilizing 3-4 times in the whole growth cycle, cutting off the dead plants on the ground after the plants wither in winter, cleaning up the countryside, and cultivating soil with fire;

6) Pest control.

Preferably, in the part 1), from August to October, the dark yellow ear of caryopsis is collected in batches, placed in a mesh bag in a ventilated place to air dry naturally (do not expose to the sun) and after drying, the caryopsis are rubbed and cleaned. Put the seeds in a ventilated and dry place for later use.

Preferably, in the described part 2), germination is initiated about 10d before sowing, the seeds and coconut bran are mixed uniformly according to a mass ratio of 1:20, kept moist, placed in a dark place, PH is 6.0～6.5, temperature is 25～28 ℃, The treatment is about 25d, during which it needs to be turned once every 2d to keep the matrix loose; when 80% of the radicle is exposed about 1mm of the seed coat, it can be sown; the dosage per mu is 5kg, and the sowing method is used. When sowing: put the seeds and coconut bran Spread the seeds according to the standard amount on the surface, and then cover the coconut bran with a thickness of about 0.5cm to keep moisture, and then cover the loose hair to keep moisture and keep warm, with a thickness of 2cm, and pour the water in the way of sprinkling.

Preferably, in the part 3), every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday between 9:00 and 10:00 in the morning, the seedling field is watered by spraying, and the spraying time is 5 minutes, and the soil humidity of the seedling field is kept at 25 %; After entering the summer, before 10:00 every morning, spray water in the greenhouse to maintain the humidity in the greenhouse, and at the same time keep the greenhouse in a ventilated state.

Preferably, described part 5), when the seedling height is 15cm, apply fertilizer for the first time, then apply once every 40d, and apply 3-4 times in the whole growth period, and the fertilizer is 30t/hm with decomposed ^farmyard manure or with decomposed peanuts. Bran or tung bran thin water and fertilizer 22.5t/hm ² .

Preferably, in the described part 6), about the control measures of spurge, leaf blight and root rot, green control is adopted, and the combination of Bacillus subtilis+fulvic acid is used after sowing to prevent and cure white silk disease. As well as other root rot and leaf blight, fulvic acid (2% to 6%) can effectively stimulate the growth of Bacillus subtilis and effectively increase the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation product.

The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solutions are: through research on fruit treatment, seed germination, and pest control, the problems of difficult seed germination and low seedling rate of Euphorbia spurge are solved, and technical regulations for seedling breeding of Euphorbia are established. It is of great significance to promote and improve the standardization and standardization of spurge planting.

Detailed ways

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

With regard to solving the problems of difficult seed germination and low seedling rate of Euphorbia chinensis, we conduct research from the following aspects.

First of all, we need to understand the characteristics of spurge seeds. The seeds are small, 1.67mm long, 0.87mm in diameter, and 0.43g in 1000-grain weight. The germination rate of seeds scattered on the ground is less than 1%, and the reproduction is very slow. According to preliminary test observations, the germination rate of fully developed and mature seeds can reach 20%-50%, while the germination rate of incompletely developed and under-mature seeds is less than 5%.

Due to the inconsistent maturity of the seeds of Euphorbia chinensis, a batch of mature seeds was collected. The mature fruits were collected from late July to early November. When collecting, the mature and plump seeds that were yellow or tawny on the fruit ears and fell off when they were touched were selected. The fruit ears are collected together, and the collected fruits are hung in a ventilated place according to the amount of about 5kg per portion, and the air-dried fruit ears are removed from sundries such as husks, and the net seeds are selected by air.

Mix the seeds and coconut bran evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:20, keep it moist (it is advisable to squeeze out water) and place it in a dark place (avoid light), the temperature is 25-28 ℃, about 10d, the radicle begins to break through the seed coat (80% The radicle is exposed about 1mm from the seed coat), and it can be sown.

Study on Water Absorption Characteristics of Euphorbia Seeds

When a seed germinates, the first process that takes place is water absorption. After the seeds are soaked in water, the seed coat swells and softens, allowing more oxygen to enter the seed through the seed coat, while carbon dioxide is discharged through the seed coat, and the physical state inside changes. The seed must absorb enough water before starting a series of Enzyme activity, seeds can germinate.

Within 2h, the seeds absorbed water rapidly, and the water absorption rate reached 98.57%. The 2-4h was the slow water absorption period, and the water absorption rate was about 133.05%. After 8h, the water absorption was almost stagnant. The water absorption time of Jintielock seeds is about 8h, and the water absorption rate reaches 131.12%.

Select river sand, filter paper, coconut bran, etc. to investigate the germination bed suitable for the germination of Euphorbia. The germination rate of coconut bran and river sofa is significantly higher. Under the condition of maintaining 60%-70% humidity, the seeds of Euphorbia spp. start to break through the seed in 10 days. skin, exposing the hypocotyl. The filter paper germination rate and germination time did not break through the seed coat until 15 days later, exposing the hypocotyl. Comprehensive consideration of coconut bran and river sand can be used as the most suitable germination bed for Euphorbia chinensis.

According to the observation of light 12h-dark culture for 12h, light for 24h and dark for 24h, it was found that the germination rate of dark 24h culture was significantly higher than the other two treatments. Therefore, it is more suitable to use dark treatment of seeds. In addition, we found that in spring sowing (March) in the field, mixing the seeds of Euphorbia serrata and humus to maintain a certain humidity (keep 60%-70%), the seeds can also break through the seed coat and begin to germinate in about 10d. In autumn sowing (October), the seeds could not germinate. It is speculated that there is a phenomenon of post-ripening in the seeds of Euphorbia chinensis. After the post-ripening is completed, the seeds are easier to germinate under suitable temperature conditions, and the effect of light is small.

According to the climatic characteristics of the planting base (Chuxiong): the local area begins to have frost after November, the low temperature is low, and the plants generally enter the dormant period. Planted in March of the following year, comparing their growth conditions, it was found that the red spurge sown in February, March, and April of the following year had better growth in the following year, with a high germination rate (greater than 85%) and larger underground tuberous roots. . However, the germination rate of Euphorbia serrata sowed in September and November was extremely low (less than 5%) due to the post-ripening of the seeds and the lower temperature after sowing, which may be related to the post-ripening of the seeds and the lower temperature after sowing.

About 10 days before sowing, germinate, mix the seeds and coconut bran evenly at a mass ratio of 1:20, keep them moist (it is advisable to squeeze out water) and place them in a dark place (avoid light), the temperature is 25°C, and the radicle begins to break through the seed in about 10 days. The skin can be sown.

About 10 days before sowing, germinate, mix the seeds and coconut bran evenly at a mass ratio of 1:20, keep them moist (it is advisable to squeeze out water) and place them in a dark place (avoid light), the temperature is 25°C, and the radicle begins to break through the seed in about 10 days. The skin can be sown.

The red bud spurge is a light-loving plant, suitable for growth in low shade, avoiding water accumulation and drought tolerance. The nursery ground is set in a greenhouse, so it needs to be watered on time to maintain the humidity of the nursery ground and ensure that the spurge can emerge normally. Every Monday, Wednesday and Friday morning from 9:00 am to 10:00 am, the seedlings are watered by spraying, and the spraying time is about 5 minutes, so that the soil humidity of the seedlings can be kept at about 25%, then To ensure the normal emergence of red spurge and the normal growth of seedlings. After entering the summer, the humidity in the greenhouse decreases, which is not conducive to the growth of spurge. Before 10:00 every morning, water is sprayed in the greenhouse to maintain the humidity in the greenhouse. Water cannot be sprayed at noon, and the greenhouse is kept ventilated.

At noon in midsummer, the temperature is very high, and the temperature of the leaves of Euphorbia can often be as high as about 40 °C. The transpiration effect is strong, and the water evaporates quickly. The root system needs to continuously absorb water to supplement the loss of leaf transpiration. If you pour cold water at this time, although water is added to the potting soil, due to the sudden drop in soil temperature, the root hairs are stimulated by low temperature, which will immediately hinder the normal absorption of water.

At this time, due to the lack of preparation in the body of the red spurge, the stomata on the leaf surface are not closed, and the water loses the balance of supply and demand, resulting in the thin leaf surface from a tense state to a shriveled state, causing the plant to produce "physiological drought", and the leaves are scorched, which can cause severe cases. The whole plant died. For this summer watering is advisable in the morning and evening.

After the spurge spurge emerges, the weeds also grow along with it. Pull it out before it grows and affects the growth of the spurge. When pulling weeds, be careful to use only hands. Because the seedlings are small and the roots are shallow, the root system of the spurge seedlings cannot be damaged when pulling the weeds, so as to ensure that the bed surface and working channel are clean and free of weeds, and prevent the weeds from competing with the spurge. Nutrients, chemical herbicides are prohibited.

The first fertilizer is applied when the seedling height is 15cm, and then every 40d, and the whole growth period is applied 3-4 times. The fertilizer is 30t/hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure or ^22.5t /hm2 of decomposed peanut bran or tung bran. hm ² . Combine with fertilization to properly cultivate soil to prevent plant lodging. After the plants wither in winter, cut off the dead plants on the ground, clean up the countryside, and use fire to cultivate the soil.

In the actual production process of spurge, it was found that the pests and diseases of Euphorbia grow well, and the occurrence of pests and diseases is less. The main diseases are white silk disease, leaf blight, root rot, etc., and the occurrence of pests and pests is also less. Insect pests are cutworms and scarabs.

Regarding the control measures of red spurge, leaf blight, and root rot, green control is adopted. After sowing, the combination of Bacillus subtilis and fulvic acid is used to prevent and control white silk disease and other root rot and leaf blight. Fulvic acid (2% to 6%) can effectively stimulate the growth of Bacillus subtilis, effectively increase the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation product, and the control effect is due to traditional control; it can also reduce pesticide residues and achieve green control.

For severe symptoms, take the following chemical control.

red spurge and white silkworm

(1) The main symptoms of red spurge and white silkworm disease

Euphorbia rolfsii is a fungal disease caused by the infection of Selerotium rolfsii Sacc. The pathogen mainly harms the roots of Euphorbia rubra. In the early stage of the disease, the stems and leaves on the ground appear wilted at high temperature at noon, and then wither and die, and the withered stems are easy to pull up; the root lesions are dark brown at the initial stage, oval or unplanned, and as the lesions expand , covered with white silk-like hyphae, and in severe cases, the hyphae cover the entire root surface; in the later stage of the disease, rapeseed-like sclerotia are formed on the surface of the hyphae, which are initially gray-white and gradually turn dark brown; the roots are discolored and rotted, and the diseased tissue is fibrous. When the weather is wet, the mycelial layer will expand into the soil around the diseased plant, forming a dark brown, rapeseed-like sclerotia.

(2) Occurrence characteristics of red spurge and white silkworm disease

The bacteria overwinter as mycelium or sclerotia in soil or on diseased roots. Mycelium can generally survive in soil for 1-2 years, and sclerotia can survive in soil for 5-6 years. 10-40°C can cause plant disease, and the optimum temperature for disease is 25-35°C. In the second year, when the temperature is suitable, the sclerotia germinates to produce new mycelium, the mycelium grows and spreads in the soil, infects the roots of Euphorbia rubra, and the pathogen spreads in the soil along with the surface water flow. The pathogen likes high temperature and high humidity environment, so red spurge and white silkworm disease mostly occurs in high temperature and rainy seasons. It usually starts in early June, and peaks when the temperature rises to about 30°C from July to August, and stops at the end of September. sickness. It is prone to disease in acidic to neutral soils and sandy soils, and the disease is severe in continuous cropping fields.

(3) Prevention and control measures of red spurge and white silkworm

Reasonable crop rotation: 2-3 years of crop rotation should be implemented in the plots with serious incidence of white silkworm disease, which can be rotated with crops that are not prone to white silkworm disease, but not with crops such as yam, rehmannia, rape and peanut.

Chemical control: 12.5% dinconazole WP 1000 times liquid in the early stage of the disease to irrigate the roots, or 40% Fuxing EC 6000-8000 times liquid, 80% Mancozeb WP 600-800 times liquid spray control. Spray once every 10-15d, 2-3 times in a row.

red spurge blight

(1) The main symptoms of red spurge blight

Rhododendron blight is a fungal disease caused by Septoria citriPass. It mainly damages the leaves. Generally, the old leaves develop first, and the disease mostly occurs from the tip or leaf margin. At the beginning of the disease, round brown oily spots appear on the leaves. Or do not plan the shape of the disease spots, which will cause the leaves to dry up and die in severe cases. Small black dots (conidia) appear on the lesions in wet weather.

(2) Occurrence characteristics of red spurge blight

The bacteria mainly overwintered in the mycelium latent in the seed coat, but also overwintered on the diseased plant residue. The germs in the seed coat can survive for more than a year. 8-32 ℃ can cause the disease, and the optimum temperature is 20-25 ℃. When the conditions are suitable, the bacteria form conidia and conidia on the seed coat and the residue of the diseased plant. The conidia are mainly spread by wind and rain, and the seeds with bacteria can spread over long distances. Conidia germinate to produce germ tubes, which invade the body from leaf stomata or directly penetrate the epidermis. After the invasion, the hyphae spread and develop in the parasitic cells, and finally showed symptoms and produced conidia and conidia on the lesions for re-infection. An important factor affecting the occurrence of leaf blight is the cold, high humidity climatic conditions. From July to September, the disease occurs seriously in cloudy and rainy days, and can spread and spread rapidly.

(3) Prevention and control measures of red spurge blight

Seed disinfection: Seed carrying bacteria is the main source of initial infection of Rhodophorus blight. Seed disinfection is a key measure to prevent and control blight. Seeds can be soaked in warm water at 48-50°C for 30 minutes, and the seeds should be stirred continuously during soaking to make the seeds evenly heated. .

Clean pastoral fields: After pouring seedlings in winter, remove dry stems and leaves and fallen leaves on the ground, and take them out of the garden to focus on burning.

Chemical control: In the early stage of the disease, use 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture, 500-800 times of 50% carbendazim WP, and 600 times of 65% Dysenzinc WP. Spray once every 10-15d, 2-3 times in a row.

Red spurge root rot

(1) The main symptoms of red spurge root rot

After the infection of the fungus, the root system gradually turns brown and rots, the roots do not send new roots, and the root bark turns brown and rots. The edges of the leaves above the ground turn yellow, charred and wither, wilting and easy to pull up, resulting in the death of the whole plant and the dry leaves.

(2) Prevention and control measures for root rot of Euphorbia japonica

If the diseased plant is found, pull it out in time, take out the base, and sprinkle quicklime around the diseased plant; in the early stage of the disease, use 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, 25% metalaxyl 600 times, 70% mancozeb 600 times , 80% carbendazim 500 times the solution of any agent in the root irrigation, 7d--10d irrigation 1 time, control 2-3 times.

Scarab infestation

(1) Main symptoms

Eating roots and tubers or seedlings of spurge, the main underground pests. Mature larvae cocoon underground to pupate. Scarabs bite the leaves, causing nicks and cavities. In severe cases, the leaves are eaten up, leaving only the veins, which affects the growth of spurge.

(2) Prevention and treatment methods

When adults occur and are harmed, take advantage of the suspended animation of the adults, knock the stems of Euphorbia japonica, shake off the adults and collect them in time; use lights to trap and kill the adults at night; use 50% phoxim EC 1000 times, or 10% imidacloprid 1500 times Liquid spraying, or 20% permethrin 3000 times liquid, etc., spray on leaves from June to July.

cutworm pest

(1) Main symptoms

Injuring and eating the stems and rhizomes of Euphorbia can cause irregular pits or lodging. One old larva can harm several seedlings overnight, resulting in lack of seedlings.

(2) Prevention and treatment methods

Trapping and killing control: Using its strong phototaxis and special habit of sweet and sour solution, black light lamps and sweet and sour pots are set up in the field to trap and kill adults. Chemical control: 2.5% deltamethrin EC 1000 times, 50% phoxim EC 1500 times, spray or irrigate the roots.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, which belong to the present invention. the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. An efficient seedling raising method for euphorbia pekinensis seeds is characterized by comprising the following parts:

1) seed preparation: during collection, selecting mature and full seeds, and collecting one batch of mature seeds; picking up fruit clusters together, hanging the picked fruit clusters in a ventilated place for preservation according to the amount of about 5kg per part, removing impurities such as shells and the like from the air-dried fruit clusters, kneading, and then cleaning and selecting clean seeds;

2) pretreatment of seeds: accelerating germination and then sowing;

3) water content management: watering on time to keep the humidity of a seedling raising field and ensure normal seedling emergence of the euphorbia pekinensis;

4) field management: after the euphorbia pekinensis sprouts, weeding is carried out by hands, so that the surface of the moist bed and an operation channel are clean and free of impurities;

5) intertillage management, fertilizing for 3-4 times in the whole growth period, cutting off the withered plants on the ground after the plants wither in winter, cleaning the field and cultivating soil by burning soil;

6) and (4) pest control.

2. The method for efficiently culturing the seedlings of the euphorbia pekinensis seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the part 1), clusters with dark yellow glumes in color are collected in batches within 8-10 months, the clusters are placed in a ventilation place through a mesh bag and naturally dried (the clusters cannot be exposed to the sun) until the clusters are dried, the fruits are kneaded, and the seeds are cleaned and placed in the ventilation and drying place for later use.

3. The method for efficiently culturing the seedlings of the euphorbia pekinensis seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the part 2), germination is accelerated about 10 days before sowing, the seeds and coconut coir are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:20, the mixture is kept wet, the mixture is placed in a dark place, the pH value is 6.0-6.5, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, the mixture is treated for about 25 days, and the mixture needs to be turned over about 2 days in the period, so that the matrix is kept loose; sowing can be carried out when 80% radicles are exposed out of the seed coats by about 1 mm; 5kg of dosage per mu, sowing in a broadcasting mode, and sowing in a broadcasting process: the seeds and the coconut chaff are sowed on surfaces according to standard seed quantity, then the coconut chaff with the thickness of about 0.5cm is covered to keep water, and the pine wool is covered to preserve moisture and heat with the thickness of 2cm, and the water is poured in a watering mode.

4. The euphorbia pekinensis seed efficient seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the part 3), the seedling raising land is watered by spraying every monday, wednesday and friday in the morning from nine to ten points, the spraying time is 5min, and the soil humidity of the seedling raising land is kept at 25%; after summer, water was sprayed into the greenhouse before 10 am every day to maintain the humidity in the greenhouse while keeping the ventilation state in the greenhouse.

5. The euphorbia pekinensis seed efficient seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the part 5) is applied with 1 st fertilizer when the height of the euphorbia pekinensis seeds is 15cm, then applied with 1 time every 40d, and applied with 3-4 times in the whole growth period, wherein the fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure 30t/hm²Or decomposed peanut bran or tung bran diluted water fertilizer 22.5t/hm²。

6. The euphorbia pekinensis seed efficient seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the part 6), regarding the control measures of euphorbia pekinensis, blight and root rot, green control is adopted, after sowing, a bacillus subtilis and fulvic acid combined drug is adopted to control the blight and other root rot and blight, and fulvic acid (2% -6%) can effectively stimulate the growth of bacillus subtilis, effectively increase the number of viable bacteria in a fermentation product, improve the disease control efficiency of the bacillus subtilis and stimulate the growth of euphorbia pekinensis seedlings.