CN113812324A

CN113812324A - Method for planting saffron crocus in high-altitude area

Info

Publication number: CN113812324A
Application number: CN202011520866.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王长刚
Original assignee: Jiuzhaigou Kaqigegeng Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiuzhaigou Kaqigegeng Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-21
Filing date: 2020-12-21
Publication date: 2021-12-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting saffron in a high-altitude area, which comprises the steps of domesticating and propagating saffron seedballs in a field at the altitude of 1700-plus 2800 and collecting flowers in a saffron chamber. Compared with the prior art, the method can grow at the altitude of 1700-2800 after the crocus sativus is domesticated, the yield of the crocus sativus corms is improved by the method, and in addition, the filament has high effective components and high quality through the indoor flower picking management of the method.

Description

Method for planting saffron crocus in high-altitude area

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of natural medicine planting, in particular to a method for planting saffron crocus in high-altitude areas.

Background

Stigma croci (Crocus sativus L.) also known as stigma croci and Crocus sativus is a perennial flower of Crocus of Iridaceae. Saffron is a perennial herb, and its underground bulb is in the form of sphere, and its exterior is covered with brown membranous scaly leaf. The leaf has 9-15 leaves, white bulbs grow out, no stem exists, the leaf is narrow, long and linear, 15-20 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, the leaf edge is reversely rolled and has fine hair, and the base part is surrounded by 4-5 broad scales. The flower is terminal and grows, and the diameter is 2.5-3 cm; 6 pieces of quilt, inverted oval, light purple, 4-6 cm long tube-shaped; 3 stamens, big anther and arrow-shaped base; pistil 3, carpel symphysis, ovary inferior position, thin and long style, yellow, three deep cracks at the top, extending out of the tube, drooping, deep red, slightly enlarged top of the stigma with an opening in funnel shape. The fruit is long, has three blunt edges, is about 3 cm long and about 1.5 cm wide, and begins to extend to the ground when the fruit is ripe. Most seeds are spherical and leather. Saffron is the original strain of southwest Asia, originally cultivated by Greece, mainly distributed in Europe, Mediterranean and Central Asia, and introduced into China at the time of Ming Dynasty, and is listed as a medicine in compendium of materia Medica, and is a rare Chinese medicinal material with the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, cooling blood, removing toxic substance, resolving stagnation and tranquilizing mind. Recent researches also show that crocetin has the effects of inhibiting the growth and proliferation of tumor cells, has the effects of treating and preventing Parkinson's disease, and is expensive in market price and scarce in supply at home and abroad at present. In China, saffron is usually cultivated by a two-stage method, the yield is relatively stable, but the yield is still lower, and the quality needs to be further improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for planting saffron in a high-altitude area.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:

a method for planting saffron crocus in high-altitude areas comprises the following steps:

s1, adopting field domestication to breed saffron seed balls at the altitude of 1700-2800:

s11, seed ball treatment:

planting the bulbs which have been picked in the field in 11-month middle ten days, and soaking the bulbs for 20 minutes by using 25% carbendazim 500-fold and 600-fold liquid before planting the bulbs, so as to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests; transplanting the crocus sativus seed bulbs into a field for planting in the middle ten days of 10-11 months until the seed bulbs in the middle 5 months of the next year are filled with soil, transporting the seeds back to the room, spreading the seeds in a shade place for 7-10 days, and drying in the sun, wherein the weight of each seed is more than or equal to 3.5 g;

s12, domesticating soil:

forming a frozen layer in a gradient one-step manner, wherein the thickness of the frozen layer is 10-12 cm, the depth of the frozen layer is 12-15 cm, and the thickness of the frozen layer is 4 cm when a humus soil rigid cover is covered on the frozen layer; after seeding, 3-5 cm of water is discharged from the ground;

s13, soil preparation:

selecting loose and fertile sandy land blocks with good drainage, wherein the plowing depth of the finished land is 20-25 cm, 4000 and 5000 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure are applied to each mu, and the fertilizer is uniformly scattered on the land during fertilization;

s14, making ridges:

mixing decomposed farmyard manure into soil by combining with turning, and finely raking; increasing soil ventilation according to the south-north direction ditching ridge, wherein the ridge width is 1 m, the height is 20 cm, and the ridge distance is 30-40 cm; ditching on the ridge surface, wherein the depth of the ditch is about 8 cm; the distance between the ditches is 15-25 cm, and then saffron crocus seedballs are sown;

s15, sowing saffron seed balls:

sowing 500 kilograms of saffron crocus seed balls in each mu; the row spacing is 15-20 cm, the plant spacing is 10 cm, and the depth is 3-6 cm; the main bud of the bulb is upward, and the bulb is covered with soil and compacted; after seeding is finished, watering once root penetrating water to ensure that the saffron crocus seed balls have enough water for growth; after 5-7 days, 800 times of liquid Jiameihongli can be applied again to promote early rooting of the corm;

s16, coating:

covering the film in late 11 th month, and compacting the film by using soil blocks if the weather is lower than 5 ℃; after film covering, breaking the film and releasing the seedlings to expose the corm seedlings of saffron crocus out of the film;

s17, film:

in late 3-3, the air temperature rises, the corm of saffron crocus enters the green-turning period, and the membrane begins to be uncovered;

s18, intertillage:

after the film is uncovered, loosening the soil and weeding in time; intertillage weeding is carried out, the depth of the intertillage is 2-3 cm, and the roots of the plants cannot be injured during the intertillage;

s19, topdressing:

after the film is uncovered, topdressing is carried out in time, 3000 organic fertilizers and 4000 kilograms of organic fertilizers are applied to each mu, the organic fertilizers and the watering are carried out together, and 800 times of liquid is applied to organically activated nutritional camei red wine for half a month; spraying 800 times of Jiamei brain platinum leaf surface once every 10-15 days in 3-4 months, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; to promote rapid bulb growth;

s110, removing lateral buds:

4, the saffron crocus enters the later growth stage of the field, the frequent observation is carried out, if the lateral buds grow out, the lateral buds are removed in time so as to avoid influencing the growth of the large corms;

s111, pest control:

in 2-4 months, the temperature rises again, the saffron is easy to generate rot and blight, and the plants are disinfected to prevent the occurrence of diseases; the prevention and treatment method is that 500 times of 25 percent carbendazim solution is sprayed on the roots of plants;

s112, harvesting:

in the late middle and late ten days of the month 5, when branches and leaves of the overground part of the saffron become yellow, the corm of the saffron is harvested; during harvesting, digging up the root of the corm of the saffron crocus by using a hoe, removing the branch and leaf residual roots to obtain the seed ball of the saffron crocus, airing the seed ball for two days in a field, and then collecting and storing the seed ball in a room; storing in a cool and sunny place;

s2, indoor flower picking of saffron crocus:

s21, putting on shelf:

selecting healthy balls with the weight of 20-30 g and without mildew spot and disease spot from saffron crocus seed balls; arranging the bulbs on an indoor three-layer net rack according to three grades from the first 6 th to the last 6 th, wherein the bulbs are placed with the heads facing upwards, the room temperature is kept at 25-29 ℃, and the period lasts for more than 20 days until the dormancy period of the bulbs is finished; the differentiation period of assimilation leaves is from the end of 6 months to the end of 7 months, the room temperature is kept at 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity is kept at 80%, and the room is shaded to avoid illumination;

the seedballs can be put on the shelf in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, before putting on the shelf, the seedballs are soaked in 500 times of 25% carbendazim solution for 20 minutes, the heads of the bulbs are upward, the bottoms of the bulbs are downward, the bulbs are tightly placed in a tray in a single layer, and then the tray is placed on a wooden frame;

s22, management of germination:

from late 8 to middle 9, which is the differentiation period of flower buds, and the room temperature is kept at 24-27 ℃; maintaining the humidity in the room at 70-80% to promote germination;

s23, management of flowering phase:

from late 9 to middle 10, controlling the indoor temperature at 15-18 ℃ and the humidity at 70-80%;

s24, sprinkling water:

in the indoor management process, if the humidity is less than 70-80%, watering on the ground, spraying in the air, and preventing the corms from directly touching water to prevent the corms from early rooting and influencing the growth of the subsequent field;

s25, reserving terminal buds, and stripping side buds:

in the late 9 th to middle 11 th months, the corm can grow a plurality of lateral buds, in order to cultivate a large corm and improve the yield of the filament, the lateral buds need to be stripped off in time, and 1-3 main buds are reserved;

s26, flower picking:

indoor bulbs bloom in mid 10 months with a flowering time of approximately 15 days; the flower picking time is before full bloom; collecting twice every day at 8-10 am and 1-3 pm; in order to ensure the quality of the filaments, the flowers which bloom in the same day need to be picked in the same day; the stigma of pistil picked later is easy to be stained with pollen, and the quality grade of the filament is directly influenced;

s27, silk taking:

timely stripping the collected fresh flowers to obtain filaments, and taking the filaments in the process; the pistil of saffron is formed from three stigma heads connected together and lower flower column, and its most effective portion is red stigma of pistil; the method for taking the flower silk is to gently strip the picked petals, pinch off the petals at the position of the bifurcate point of the flower silk and take out the red part of the flower column; the style is not kept too long, which can affect the phase of the filament; the production requires that flowers are picked up on the same day, and the flowers are stripped and the filaments are taken on the same day;

s28, processing method and storage:

spreading the stigma croci on white paper, oven drying at 35-40 deg.C for 6-8 hr, and storing the dried filaments in a closed shade place.

Compared with the prior art, the method can grow at the altitude of 1700-2800 after the crocus sativus is domesticated, the yield of the crocus sativus corms is improved by the method, and in addition, the filament has high effective components and high quality through the indoor flower picking management of the method.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.

The embodiment provides a method for planting saffron crocus in a high-altitude area, which comprises the following specific steps:

firstly, adopting field domestication to breed saffron crocus seed balls at the altitude of 1700-2800.

1. Treatment of seed balls

The bulbs which have been picked up are planted in the field in 11 middle of the month, and before the bulbs are planted, the bulbs are soaked in a solution with the concentration of 25% carbendazim and 500 times and 600 times for 20 minutes, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented.

Transplanting the crocus sativus seed bulbs into a field for planting in the middle ten days of 10-11 months until the seed bulbs in the middle 5 months of the next year are filled with soil, conveying the seeds back to the room, spreading the seeds in a shade place for 7-10 days, and drying in the sun, wherein the weight of each seed is more than or equal to 3.5 g;

2. domesticating soil:

3. soil preparation

Saffron prefers rotation of crops, while it is forbidden to continue cropping. Selecting loose and fertile sandy plots with good drainage. The growth of the corms is directly influenced by the land preparation quality, and the plowing depth of the land preparation is required to be 20-25 cm. Saffron belongs to a plant with a shallow root system, and the application of sufficient base fertilizer is important. 4000-5000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each mu, and the manure needs to be uniformly spread on the ground when applied.

4. Making bed

And (4) mixing the base fertilizer into soil by combining with turning over, and finely raking. Furrows are dug in the north-south direction, the width of each furrow is 1 meter, the height of each furrow is 20 centimeters, and the distance between every two furrows is 30-40 centimeters. The ridge-making cultivation has the advantages of increasing soil ventilation, being not easy to rot roots, being beneficial to mulching the mulching film in cold weather, and improving the warming and moisture keeping effects of mulching the mulching film. Ditching on the ridge surface, wherein the depth of the ditch is about 8 cm. The distance between the grooves is about 20 cm, and then the seed balls can be sowed.

5. Seeding ball

The stigma croci Sativi is propagated in corm, wherein there are many buds growing on the corm, there are main bud and side bud, the main bud blooms, the side bud does not bloom, each bud can form a small corm, the mother corm can grow 6-15 small corms. If bud picking is not carried out, the number of small bulbs is increased, and the yield of flowers is reduced. Before planting, the excess lateral buds are stripped according to the principle of keeping big, big and weak. The seed ball amount required for planting saffron is larger, and about 500 kilograms is required per mu. The row spacing is 15-20 cm, the plant spacing is 10 cm, and the depth is 3-6 cm. The main bud of the bulb is upward, and the bulb is covered with soil and compacted. The reasonable depth is also an effective measure for increasing the yield of the filament, so that the growth of the bulb is met, and the new lateral bud germination can be inhibited. After the seeding is finished, the seed balls are watered once to thoroughly soak the roots, so that the seed balls have enough moisture for growth. After 5-7 days, 800 times of liquid Jiameihongli can be applied again to promote early rooting of the corm.

6. Film coating

In the last 11 th month, if the weather is lower than 5 ℃, the film is covered and compacted by soil blocks, so that the film not only can prevent cold and improve the soil temperature, but also can reduce the growth of weeds and promote the growth of bulbs. After film covering, the film is broken and seedlings are put, the corm seedlings are exposed out of the film, robust growth is promoted, and if the film is not broken in time, the corm growth is seriously influenced.

7. film

And in the last ten days of 2 months to the last ten days of 3 months, the temperature rises, and the bulb enters the green-turning period, so that the film can be uncovered. The removed film is cleaned to avoid polluting the environment.

8. Intertill

After the film is uncovered, soil should be loosened and grass-removed in time. Weeding in intertillage, wherein the depth of the intertillage is 2-3 cm, and the roots of the plants cannot be injured during the intertillage.

9. Topdressing

The green turning period of the bulb is also the period of rapid enlargement and weight increment of the sub-bulb. After the film is uncovered, topdressing needs to be carried out in time, 3000 organic fertilizers and 4000 kilograms of organic fertilizers are applied to each mu together with watering, and 800 times of liquid is applied to organically activated nutritional camei red wine after half a month. In 3-4 months, the Jiameinao platinum leaf surface with 800 times of liquid is generally sprayed once every 10-15 days, and is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times. To promote rapid bulb growth.

10. Removing lateral buds

And 4, the saffron crocus enters the later growth stage of the field, and in the period, people are required to observe frequently, and if the lateral buds grow out, the lateral buds are removed in time so as to avoid influencing the growth of the large corms.

11. Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests

In 2-4 months, the temperature rises again, the saffron is easy to generate rot, blight and the like, and plants need to be disinfected to prevent the occurrence of diseases. The prevention and treatment method is to spray 500 times of 25% carbendazim solution on the roots of plants.

12. Harvesting

In the middle and late ten days of 5 months, when branches and leaves of the aerial parts of saffron crocus become yellow, the corms can be harvested. When harvesting, digging up the bulb root with a hoe, removing the branches and leaves after digging out, airing in the field for two days, and then collecting and storing in a room. Storing in a shade place with wind energy.

Secondly, picking flowers in the saffron crocus chamber.

1. Upper frame

The individual weight of the seed ball is 20-30 g, and the robust ball has no mildew spot and disease spot. The common seed ball can be used for 8-10 years.

In the first 6 th to the last 6 th month, the bulbs are sequentially arranged on a three-layer net rack according to three grades, wherein the bulbs are placed with the heads facing upwards, the room temperature is kept at 25-29 ℃, and the period lasts for more than 20 days until the dormancy period of the bulbs is finished; the anabolic leaf differentiation period is from the end of 6 months to the end of 7 months, the room temperature is kept at 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity is kept at 80%, and the room is shaded to avoid illumination;

the seedball can be put on the shelf in the middle and last ten days of 8 months. Before putting the seed balls on a shelf, soaking the seed balls in 500 times of 25% carbendazim solution for 20 minutes, so that the occurrence of diseases can be prevented and controlled. The bulbs are arranged with the heads upward and the bottoms downward, the single layer is closely placed in the tray, and then the tray is placed on the wooden frame.

2. Management of the germination phase

In the late 8 th to middle 9 th of month, the flower bud differentiation stage is maintained at 24-27 deg.C and the indoor humidity is maintained at 70-80%, so as to promote its germination.

3. Management of flowering time

Beginning in late 9 th to middle 10 th of month, which is a blooming period, is suitable for the temperature of 15-18 ℃, otherwise, the phenomenon of dead flower and burnt-out easily occurs. The humidity is controlled at 70-80%.

4. Water spray

In the indoor management process, if the humidity is less than 70-80%, watering can be carried out on the ground, spraying can be carried out in the air, and the corms are not required to directly touch water, so that the corms are prevented from early rooting and influencing the growth of the field in the future.

5. Leaving terminal bud, removing lateral bud

In the late 9 th to middle 11 th months, the corm will grow many lateral buds, and in order to cultivate a large corm and improve the yield of the filament, the lateral buds need to be stripped off in time, and 1-3 main buds are reserved.

If more buds are left, the more particles of the seed corm are left, the flowering quantity is small, the yield of the flower column is low, because the saffron crocus is used as a stigma for introducing medicine, the large corm blooms more, the flower is also large, and the large corm is required to be used for high yield. Therefore, the main bud is well reserved, and the lateral bud is stripped, which is an important production increasing measure. The side buds sprouting indoors need to be stripped off early, stripped off for multiple times and stripped off before transplanting.

6. Picking flower

The indoor bulb blooms in mid 10 months with a flowering time of approximately 15 days. The flower picking time is before full bloom. Usually collected twice daily at 8-10 am and 1-3 pm.

In order to ensure the quality of the filaments, the flowers which bloom in the same day need to be picked in the same day. The stigma collected late pistil is easy to be stained with pollen, and the quality grade of the filament is directly influenced.

7. Thread taking

The collected fresh flowers need to be stripped in time, and the process is called silk taking. The pistil of saffron is formed from three stigma heads connected together and lower flower column, and its most effective portion is red stigma of pistil. The method for taking out the flower silk is to gently strip the collected petals, pinch off the petals at the position of the bifurcate point of the flower silk and take out the red part of the flower column. The style should not be too long, which would affect the appearance of the filament. The production requires that flowers are picked up on the same day, and the flowers are stripped and the filaments are taken on the same day. If flowers are collected and cannot be peeled off at night, the flowers are piled together to generate heat, and the filaments are easy to deteriorate.

8. Processing method and storage

In order to ensure the quality of the filament, manual drying is mostly adopted at present. Spreading the stigma croci Sativi on white paper, and oven drying at 35-40 deg.C for 6-8 hr. And (5) putting the dried filaments into a closed and cool place for storage.

The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the above specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting saffron crocus in high-altitude areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: