CN110036835A - A kind of cultural method of Small-sized watermelon - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of cultural methods of Small-sized watermelon, and this method comprises the following steps: build standard facility greenhouse, begin sowing in good time cultivate nursery, fruit, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer water, Scientific Regulation green house temperature-humidity, raising harvest maturity are stayed in bear fruit section, artificial supplementary pollination of the field planting of high ridge zanjon high density, single climing training control.The cultural method of the Small-sized watermelon of invention stays fruit mode using high density field planting, single climing formula training, significantly improves the commodity output of Small-sized watermelon, and realize and early go public.

Description

A kind of cultural method of Small-sized watermelon

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of Small-sized watermelon.

Background technique

Watermelon is the good merchantable brand that quenches one's thirst of relieving summer heat being loved by consumers, as the improvement of people's living standards, to the flower of watermelon More stringent requirements are proposed for chromaticity kind and quality and flavor.Traditional watermelon products are all 4-6kg large fruit kinds, a kind of in recent years The Small-sized watermelon new varieties of 1.5-2.0kg weight come out, and Representative Cultivars such as early spring carbuncle, cultivated area is expanding year by year, mainly For Protectorate cultivation mode.The fine and tender taste of the type variety of watermelon is crisp, and succulence is intended to drip, and entrance is instant, and center sugar reaches 12-13 Degree, flavor is graceful, and quality is splendid, is the treasure in watermelon.Because the fruit type of the type variety of watermelon only has the 1/3 of large fruit watermelon Left and right, and plant growing way is more prosperous, bears fruit under the low light condition of Protectorate cultivation more difficult, production at present is upper mainly still to adopt The traditional cultivation administrative skill for taking large fruit watermelon, easily leads to that Watermelon Fruit is less than normal or bigger than normal, declines the commodity of fruit, produces Measure relatively low, economic benefit sharp fall.

Technology contents

Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in a kind of cultural method of Small-sized watermelon is provided, to solve existing cultivation The defect of training technology.

Theoretical foundation of the invention is: watermelon is the ground family crop based on main stem knot melon, main within same growth period It overgrows long fast, the female flower in main stem generates early, the Fruit usually beared fruit 3-5 days than lateral bine prematurity, and tied in main stem Fastly, mature early.

The high yield and quality cultivation method of Small-sized watermelon provided by the present invention, includes the following steps:

(1) standard facility greenhouse is built

(2) it begins sowing in good time and cultivates nursery；

(3) high ridge zanjon high density is colonized；

(4) single climing training controls section of bearing fruit；

(5) fruit is stayed in artificial supplementary pollination；

(6) heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer water；

(7) Scientific Regulation green house temperature-humidity；

(8) harvest maturity is improved.

Specifically, the high yield and quality cultivation method of a kind of Small-sized watermelon of the invention, specifically comprises the following steps:

One, build standard facility greenhouse: selection topography is high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the deep loose, environment of soil layer meets country The monomer steelframe booth of 30-40 meters long 6-8 meters of width is built in the plot of NY/T391 Green Food Producing Area condition；

Two, it begins sowing in good time and cultivates nursery: in Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area, should be adopted during annual January 10 to 20 days 2 months Three layers of coverage mode for being laid with electric seed bed heater, Small plastic shed and mulch in greenhouse are taken to carry out nursery；

(1) nutritive soil preparation: commodities purchased garden crop special seedling substrate, then take and do not planted vegetables, melon and fruit Paddy soil, the dusting cover for drying 100-200 mesh is spare；By commercial seedling medium and spare Paddy soil according to the ratio of 5:1 Example is sufficiently mixed, and every cubic metre adds 1 kilogram of Shi Ma board compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%), after mixing well Bank up fermentation 5-7 days；

(2) Greenhouse for cultivation of seedling makes: opening one wide 30-50 centimetres, deep 20-30 centimetres of ditch among greenhouse, is made into two High ridge, after furrow surface is evened out, spreads the fine earth of 1.5-2.0 centimetres of a thickness, is then laid with 1200 watts of power of electric heating wire, leans on The heating wire spacing on furrow side is 3-4 centimetres, and middle position spacing is 7-9 centimetres；All anode and cathodes of heating wire will pull to Same direction is convenient for link power supply and temperature controller；

(3) hole tray is selected and put: 50 holes of 5x7 centimetres or 8x10 centimetres of size of selection or 32 hole seedling culture hole plates fill alms bowl The previous day sprinkles profoundly water prepared seedling nutritious soil, and irrigation amount, which with hand pinches Nutrition Soil and do not drip, to be preferred；Nutrition Soil is filled into cave Disk, and flattened and compressed with plank, then hole tray straight line is emitted on breeding ground；

(4) presprouting of seeds and sowing: the commodity seed of buying is placed in clear water, after impregnating 8-10 hours at room temperature, It is rinsed well again with clear water, dries the moisture of the surface of the seed, wrapped, be fitted into polybag with the gauze or towel that moisten clean, Sack tightens slightly, is put into 28-32 DEG C of temperature of germinating box (or heat preservation quilt) vernalization 36-48 hours.During vernalization, daily Seed is rinsed once with 25-30 DEG C of warm water, continues vernalization after drying moisture；Seed, which shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, to be sowed；

(5) sow: first 2 days connection seedbed power supplys of sowing make bed temperature rise to 18-20 DEG C；By hole tray nutrition on the day before sowing Alms bowl is uniformly watered with bottom water, and uniformly sprays a 3000-4000 times of liquid hymexazol fungicide on nutritive cube surface；To show money or valuables one carries unintentionally kind again Son is lain among each nutritive cube, the Nutrition Soil of surface uniform fold 1.5-2.0 cm thick, finally covers one layer of mulch, edge Seedbed surrounding compresses, and covers Small plastic shed on seedbed；Seedling starts to be unearthed after sowing 4-5 days, first throws off the mulch on seedbed surface, together Shi Jinhang greenhouse is aeration-cooling, control 20-25 DEG C of daytime, 15-18 DEG C of night；

Three, high ridge zanjon high density is colonized: entering before the winter (January in December -), the plastic shed soil of construction is ploughed deeply jelly and is cut down；In 2 (be colonized or so previous moon) at the beginning of the middle of the month to 3 months, by cultivated area by sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer (rapeseed cake or soya-bean cake fertilizer) and It after the base manure such as ternary compound fertilizer are sufficiently mixed, is uniformly sprinkling upon among greenhouse in 250 cm ranges, then ploughs deeply and bury, carefully harrows and even up； One 15-20 centimetres deep, wide 25-30 centimetres of ditch is opened among greenhouse, and furrow face is made into two wide 250-300 centimetres of plantation Ridge, ridge middle section soil are slightly above 10-15 centimetres of ridge side；When seedling 3-4 piece true leaf is grown, field planting is in ridge in time Between the high out position of soil, each ridge face is colonized a line, is colonized 18-20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, be watered with after bottom water closed greenhouse 3-5 days (according to It is adjusted according to weather condition)；After seedling survives, aeration-cooling wet down in time is answered, controls canopy temperature daytime at 25-30 DEG C, night is in 15- 18 DEG C, day and night temperature is at 10 DEG C or more；

Four, single climing training controls section of bearing fruit: taking the climing training of the list for retaining a main stem to stay fruit mode, i.e., opens in seedling Beginning climb overgrow it is long after, extract all lateral bines grown in main stem foundation portion, only retain a main stem and grown respectively to canopy middle position. When female flower occurs in main stem growth, 1-2 female flower in main stem is extractd, the 3rd or the 4th female flower in main stem is selected to bear fruit.

Five, fruit is stayed in artificial supplementary pollination: when pollination time rests in every morning 8:00--11:00.Take the same day open Fresh male flower, first stamen is gently smeared on arm, after having observed that pollen scatters, then the pollen on stamen is gently equal It is applied on the pistil stigma for the female flower that the same day opens evenly.Pollination position and its neighbouring all grandsons are extractd after pollination at once It is climing.4-6 days after pollination, young fruit it is long to egg size when, every main stem selects and remain 1 and expands fast, normotrophic young melon growth, plucks Except the young melon that ovary development is not complete, growth deformity and is mechanically damaged, and carries out main stem topping and (pluck the growing point of main stem Fall 2-3 centimetres).

Six, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer water: watermelon pollination bear fruit after the 5-6 days, timely heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer and swollen melon water, and increase spy Swelling melon fertilizer processed；

Swelling melon fertilizer wet concentration is compound with 25kg/ mus of Shi Ma board compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) or Stanley board Fertilizer (N:P:K=17%:17%:17% or more) 20kg/ mus, then plus content 60% potassium sulfate or 12~15kg/ mus of potassium nitrate, After the two is sufficiently mixed, point 2 caves are applied or are applied with trickle irrigation punching, apply again every 8-10 days second after first time topdressing, each top dressing After answer horse back trickle irrigation or small ditch to fill primary.Starts for 10-12 days after bearing fruit, 500 times of liquid lion horses of every 4-5 days foliage-sprays The high potassium foliage fertilizer of board (N:P:K=7%:12%:40%), each 300-500 grams of g/ mus, general continuous spraying 3-5 times, before harvesting Stopping in 7-10 days sprays.

Seven, Scientific Regulation green house temperature-humidity: fruit expanding period after watermelon is beared fruit, should be aeration-cooling in time, and control canopy temperature Daytime, night was 15-20 DEG C, and day and night temperature is at 10 DEG C or more at 25-35 DEG C.First 10 days of harvesting, should not be into strict control canopy Water.Eight, harvest maturity is improved: precocious facility cultivation Small-sized watermelon of sowing in spring, 30-35 days or so ability after general pollination is beared fruit Maturation, specific collecting time should be according to there and then weather conditions.Meanwhile observation is beared fruit on section petiole the annesl of raw tendril Situation shows that fruit is ninety percent ripe, harvests at this time, fruit taste flavor is best, and is easy to deposit when tendril switchs to yellow-white It puts.

The present invention has following advantage and characteristic:

Present invention determine that Small-sized watermelon the seeding and seedling raising phase and canopy temperature manage technology, it is precocious to can effectively avoid spring sowing Facility cultivation Small-sized watermelon plant, which only opens female flower, does not have male flower, and cannot normally pollinate the technical problem beared fruit, and be avoided that because The low problem of launch evening, benefit caused by seeding and seedling raising evening.

Nurturing staff technology of the invention, with space occupied is small, temperature of shed, humidity and illumination can be adjusted flexibly Etc. conditions, and seedbed size is adjusted flexibly, there is little power consumption, at low cost, seedlings root to develop, transplanting survival rate height etc. it is excellent Gesture solves the problems, such as that industrial seedling rearing mode is at high cost, seedling replanting survival rate is low, aging seedling and runt seedling are more.

Fruit mode is stayed in the field planting of high density that the present invention uses, single climing formula training, take full advantage of the growth of watermelon main stem it is strong, There is advantage early, that Fruit is fast in female flower, significantly improves the commodity output of Small-sized watermelon, and realize and early go public.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1: the high yield and quality cultivation method of ' citrine ' watermelon

Fig. 2: ' the high yield and quality cultivation method of red No. 3 of holy girl ' watermelon

Fig. 3: ' the high yield and quality cultivation method of black saliva ' watermelon

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, specific implementation content and method of the invention are described in detail by embodiment.

Embodiment one: the high yield and quality cultivation of Small-sized watermelon kind ' citrine '

1, construction criteria greenhouse: should environment meet Ministry of Agriculture NY/T391 Green Food Producing Area standard, topography it is high and dry, row In filling convenience, the deep fertile plot of soil layer, the steelframe booth of 30-40 meters long 6-8 meters of spans of width is built.

2, in due course nurturing staff: Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area should take in greenhouse during annual January 20 to 10 days 2 months It is laid with electric seed bed heater+three layers of Small plastic shed+mulch coverage mode and carries out nursery.

Nutritive soil preparation: commodities purchased garden crop special seedling substrate takes the rice for not planting vegetables, melon and fruit Field soil, the dusting cover for drying 100-200 mesh are spare.Commercial seedling medium and spare Paddy soil is abundant according to the ratio of 5:1 Mixing, every cubic metre adds 1 kilogram of Shi Ma board compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%), and hair is banked up after mixing well Ferment 5-7 days.

Greenhouse for cultivation of seedling production: one wide 30-50 centimetres, deep 20-30 centimetres of ditch are opened among greenhouse, is made into two height Furrow, after furrow surface is evened out, spread the fine earth of 1.5-2.0 centimetres of a thickness, are then laid with 1200 watts of power of electric heating wire, lean on furrow The heating wire spacing on side is 3-4 centimetres, and middle position spacing is 7-8 centimetres.All anode and cathodes of heating wire will pull to together Link power supply and temperature controller are convenient in one direction.

Hole tray is selected and is put: 50 hole seedling culture hole plates of 5x7 centimetres of size of selection, on the day before dress alms bowl, is educated prepared Seedling Nutrition Soil sprinkles profoundly water, and irrigation amount, which with hand pinches Nutrition Soil and do not drip, to be preferred.Nutrition Soil is filled into hole tray, and is flattened with plank Tightly, then by hole tray straight line it is emitted on breeding ground.

Presprouting of seeds and sowing: the commodity seed of buying is placed in clear water, after impregnating 8-10 hours at room temperature, then is used Clear water is rinsed well, and the moisture of the surface of the seed is dried, and is wrapped, is fitted into polybag, sack with the gauze or towel that moisten clean It tightens, is put into 28-32 DEG C of temperature of germinating box (or heat preservation quilt) vernalization 36-48 hours slightly.During vernalization, use daily 25-30 DEG C of warm water rinses seed once, continues vernalization after drying moisture.Seed, which shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, to be sowed.

Sowing: first 2 days connection seedbed power supplys of sowing make bed temperature rise to 18-20 DEG C.Sowing the previous day is equal by hole tray nutritive cube It is even to be watered with bottom water, and a 3000-4000 times of liquid hymexazol fungicide is uniformly sprayed on nutritive cube surface.The seed that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally again is put down It is placed among each nutritive cube, the Nutrition Soil of surface uniform fold 1.5-2.0 cm thick, one layer of mulch is finally covered, along seedbed Surrounding compresses, and covers Small plastic shed on seedbed.Seedling starts to be unearthed after sowing 4-5 days, first throws off the mulch on seedbed surface, while into Row greenhouse is aeration-cooling, control 20-25 DEG C of daytime, 15-18 DEG C of night.

3, high ridge zanjon is colonized: entering before the winter (January in December -), the plastic shed soil of construction is ploughed deeply jelly and is cut down.In mid-February extremely (or so previous moon is colonized) at the beginning of 3 months, by cultivated area by sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer (rapeseed cake or soya-bean cake fertilizer) and tri compound It after the base manure such as fertilizer are sufficiently mixed, is uniformly sprinkling upon among greenhouse in 250 cm ranges, then ploughs deeply and bury, carefully harrows and even up.In greenhouse Between open 15 centimetres of depth, wide 25 centimetres of ditch, furrow face is made into two wide 250-300 centimetres of plantation ridge, ridge middle section Soil is slightly above 10-15 centimetres of ridge side.When the 4th true leaf of seedling is grown, it is colonized in time in the high out position of ridge intermediate soil, Each ridge face is colonized a line, is colonized 18 centimetres of spacing in the rows, is colonized 1000 plants per acre, and after being watered with bottom water, the closed greenhouse of fine day 3 days, Cloudy closed greenhouse 4 days, then starts aeration-cooling wet down, control greenhouse daytime at 22-27 DEG C, night at 18-22 DEG C, round the clock The temperature difference is at 10 DEG C or more.

4, fruit is stayed in single climing training: after melon seedling survives, start to climb it is climing grow to 30 centimetres or so, i.e. excision institute, main stem foundation portion There is the lateral bine grown, only retains a main stem and grown respectively to canopy middle position.

5, human assistance is beared fruit: when the 3rd female flower is open in main stem, people is carried out when every morning 8:00--10:30 Work pollination.The pollen for taking the fresh male flower that the same day opens on plant is gently equably applied to the female of the female flower that the same day opens On stamen column cap.That afternoon after pollination extracts pollination melon position at once and its neighbouring all grandsons is climing.4-5 days after pollination, check The growing state of each children's melon, the young melon extracing growth deformity and being mechanically damaged, and main stem growing point is extractd.

6, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer water: when young fruit starts to expand within the 6th day after pollination, Shi Ma board compound fertilizer (N:P:K=is selected 15%:15%:15%)+60% potassium sulfate of 22kg/ mu or 12 kgs/acre of potassium nitrate, after the two is sufficiently mixed, cave is applied from plant 20 centimeters of strain, apply 12 kgs/acre for the first time, apply again after 10 days second, cave is applied from 30 centimeters of plant, amount of application 22 Kg/acre.It should fill primary in small ditch at once after each top dressing.

Increase high potassium foliage fertilizer: the starts for 7-8 days after watermelon pollination is beared fruit, 500 times of liquid lions of every 4 days foliage-sprays The high potassium foliage fertilizer of horse board (N:P:K=7%:12%:40%), 400 grams/acre every time, general continuous spraying 5 times, 7-8 days before harvesting Stopping sprays.

7, Scientific Regulation canopy temperature: young melon bear fruit after 4-5 days, fruit starts to expand, greenhouse daytime should be controlled at 25-33 DEG C, Night, day and night temperature was at 10 DEG C or more at 18-20 DEG C.

8, it improves harvest maturity: 28 days or so after bearing fruit, observing the petiolar tendril color of section of bearing fruit, when tendril turns When for yellow, show that fruit is mature, should harvest in time, and be stored in it is shady and cool it is dry at.

The quality and yield of " citrine " watermelon obtained by above method cultivation picking is shown in such as the following table 1:

' citrine ' quality of watermelon of table 1 and yield

Embodiment two: the high yield and quality cultivation method of ' red No. 3 of holy girl '

1, construction criteria greenhouse: meet that Ministry of Agriculture NY/T391 Green Food Producing Area standard, topography be high and dry, irrigation and drainage in environment 40 meters long, wide 8 meters span monomer steelframe booth is built in convenient, the deep fertile plot of soil layer.

2, it in due course nurturing staff: in Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area, during annual January 25 to 15 days 2 months, takes in greenhouse It is laid with electric seed bed heater+three layers of Small plastic shed+mulch coverage mode and carries out nursery.

Seedling nutritious soil production: commodities purchased garden crop special seedling substrate takes and did not planted vegetables, melon and fruit Paddy soil, the dusting cover for drying 100-200 mesh are spare.By commercial seedling medium and spare Paddy soil according to the ratio of 5:1 It is sufficiently mixed, every cubic metre adds 1.3 kilograms of Shi Ma board compound fertilizers (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%), after mixing well Bank up fermentation 7 days.

The production of Greenhouse for cultivation of seedling: in greenhouse central part, choosing 160 centimetres wide, 22 centimetres high, the plot that 20 meters of length, Surface is evened out, and spreads the fine earth of one layer of 1.0 cm thick on surface, is then laid with the electric heating wire of 1200 watts of power, seedbed is leaned on Two heating wire spacing on side are 8 centimetres, and middle ware is away from being 12 centimetres.All anode and cathodes of heating wire will be in same side To convenient for link power supply and temperature controller.

The production of nutrition pot for seedling culture: the seedling nutritious soil fermented will be banked up and sprinkled profoundly water, irrigation amount pinches Nutrition Soil not with hand It drips and is preferred.Nutrition Soil is fitted into 8x10 centimetres of 32 hole seedling culture hole plates, then straight line is emitted on breeding ground.

Seed treatment and vernalization: commodities purchased is with ' red No. 3 of holy girl ' seed, selects full seed, will first be planted with clear water The mucus in sublist face is washed by rubbing with the hands completely, at room temperature with clear water soak seed 10 hours, dry moisture, seed is uniformly spread be covered with it is wet It on the plate for moistening clean gauze, is covered with completely wet gauze, is packed into polybag, sack tightens slightly, is put into 32 DEG C Vernalization in germinating box.During vernalization, seed is rinsed once with 30 DEG C or so of warm water daily, continues vernalization after drying moisture. It is handled by vernalization in 36 hours, most of seed starts to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.

Sowing: first 2 days connection seedbed power supplys of sowing make bed temperature rise to 25 DEG C.Nutritive cube is uniformly watered with bottom water again, and Uniformly spray 3500 times of liquid hymexazols in nutritive cube surface.The seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally is sorted out from germinating box, every alms bowl sows one, seed It lays flat.In thick 2.0 centimetres of the Nutrition Soil of the surface of the seed uniform fold after broadcasting, one layer of mulch is covered, compresses, adds along seedbed surrounding Lid Small plastic shed.Seedling starts to be unearthed after sowing 4 days, when emergence rate is up to 60%, first throws off the mulch on seedbed surface, and remove seedling The kind shell of band on cotyledon.It is aeration-cooling to carry out greenhouse simultaneously, controls 20-24 DEG C of daytime, 16-18 DEG C of night.When seedling first After true leaf is grown, control 28-35 DEG C of daytime, 18-20 DEG C of night.

3, high ridge zanjon is colonized: mid-December, plastic shed soil being ploughed deeply 25 centimetres or so.Mid or late January next year will fill Point decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (250 kgs/acre of+Shi Ma board compound fertilizers of soya-bean cake or rapeseed cake fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%: 15%) 20 kgs/acre) be sufficiently mixed after, be uniformly sprinkling upon among greenhouse in 250 cm ranges, soya-bean cake fertilizer and potash fertilizer uniformly spread Among the greenhouse in 150 cm ranges, then all base manure are all uniformly ploughed deeply with rotary cultivator and are buried, after thin rake is evened up, Wide 28 centimetres, deep 22 centimetres of ditch are opened among greenhouse, and greenhouse is divided into two plantation ridges, 2.5 meters of ridge face width.It is raw to watermelon seedlings It is about 25 days, melon seedling is transplanted to high out position among greenhouse high ridge, 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows is colonized, is colonized 800 plants per acre.Pour vola After water, the closed greenhouse of fine day 3 days, cloudy closed greenhouse 5 days is then aeration-cooling daily, controls greenhouse daytime at 25-30 DEG C, Night, day and night temperature was at 10 DEG C or more at 18-20 DEG C.

4, fruit is stayed in single climing training: after melon seedling survives, start to climb it is climing grow to 35 centimetres or so, i.e. excision institute, main stem foundation portion There is the lateral bine grown, only retains a main stem and grown respectively to canopy middle position.

5, artificial pollination controls section of bearing fruit: when the 2nd female flower is open in main stem, in every morning 8:30--11:00 Shi Jinhang artificial pollination.The pollen for taking the fresh male flower that the same day opens on plant is gently equably applied to what the same day opened On the pistil stigma of female flower.That afternoon after pollination extracts pollination melon position at once and its neighbouring all grandsons is climing.After pollination 4 days, check the growing state of each young melon, the young melon extracing growth deformity and being mechanically damaged, and the main stem that melon plant will be tied Growing point pinches 2.5 centimetres or so.

6, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer water: when young fruit starts to expand within the 7th day after pollination, Stanley board compound fertilizer (N:P:K=is selected 17%:17%:17%) 20 kg/acre of+60% potassium sulfate or 13 kgs/acre of potassium nitrate, after the two is sufficiently mixed, cave apply from 25 centimeters of plant, apply 13 kgs/acre for the first time, and Shi Yici, cave are applied from 30 centimeters of plant, applied for the second time again after 9 days 20 kgs/acre.It should fill primary in small ditch at once after each top dressing.

Increase high potassium foliage fertilizer: the starts for 8-9 days after watermelon pollination is beared fruit, 500 times of liquid lions of every 5 days foliage-sprays The high potassium foliage fertilizer of horse board (N:P:K=7%:12%:40%), 350 grams/acre every time, general continuous spraying 3 times, 7-8 days before harvesting Stopping sprays.

7, Scientific Regulation canopy temperature: fruit expanding period after bearing fruit, control greenhouse daytime at 28-33 DEG C, night at 18-22 DEG C, Day and night temperature is at 10 DEG C or more.

8, it improves harvest maturity: about 32 days after bearing fruit, the petiolar tendril color of section of bearing fruit is observed, when tendril switchs to When yellow-white, show that fruit is mature, should harvest in time, and is stored at shady and cool drying.

The quality and yield of " red No. 3 of the holy girl " watermelon obtained by above method cultivation picking is shown in such as the following table 2:

' red No. 3 of holy girl ' quality of watermelon and the yield that table 2 is produced using the technology of the present invention

Embodiment three: the high yield and quality cultivation of ' black saliva ' Small-sized watermelon kind

1, construction criteria greenhouse: meet that Ministry of Agriculture NY/T391 Green Food Producing Area standard, topography be high and dry, irrigation and drainage in environment 30 meters long, wide 6 meters of spans monomer steelframe booth is built in convenient, the deep fertile plot of soil layer.

2, it in due course nurturing staff: in Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area, during annual January 15 to 5 days 2 months, takes in greenhouse It is laid with electric seed bed heater+three layers of Small plastic shed+mulch coverage mode and carries out nursery.

Seedling nutritious soil production: commodities purchased garden crop special seedling substrate takes and did not planted vegetables, melon and fruit Paddy soil, the dusting cover for drying 100-200 mesh are spare.By commercial seedling medium and spare Paddy soil according to the ratio of 5:1 It is sufficiently mixed, every cubic metre adds 1.5 kilograms of Shi Ma board compound fertilizers (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%), after mixing well Bank up fermentation 10 days.

The production of Greenhouse for cultivation of seedling: 130 centimetres wide, 23 centimetres high, the plot that 23 meters of length is chosen at the position among greenhouse, Surface is evened out, and spreads the fine earth of one layer of 1.5 cm thick on surface, is then laid with the electric heating wire of 1200 watts of power, line and line Between spacing be 7-9 centimetres, two heating wire spacing on seedbed side are 7 centimetres, and middle ware is away from being 9 centimetres.The institute of heating wire There is anode and cathode to be convenient for link power supply and temperature controller in same direction.

The production of nutrition pot for seedling culture: the seedling nutritious soil fermented will be banked up and sprinkled profoundly water, irrigation amount pinches Nutrition Soil not with hand It drips and is preferred.Nutrition Soil is fitted into 5x7 centimetres of 50 hole seedling culture hole plates, then straight line is emitted on breeding ground.

Seed treatment and vernalization: commodities purchased is with ' black saliva ' seed selects full seed, first with clear water by the surface of the seed Mucus wash by rubbing with the hands completely, soaked seed 9 hours with clear water at room temperature, dry moisture, seed is uniformly spread be covered with it is wet clean It on the plate of gauze, is covered with completely wet gauze, is packed into polybag, sack tightens slightly, is put into 30 DEG C of germinating box Middle vernalization.During vernalization, seed is rinsed once with 28 DEG C or so of warm water daily, continues vernalization after drying moisture.By 38 Hour vernalization processing, most of seed start to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.

Sowing: first 2 days connection seedbed power supplys of sowing make bed temperature rise to 22 DEG C.Nutritive cube is uniformly watered with bottom water again, and Uniformly spray 3500 times of liquid hymexazols in nutritive cube surface.The seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally is sorted out from germinating box, every alms bowl sows one, seed It lays flat.In thick 1.6 centimetres of the Nutrition Soil of the surface of the seed uniform fold after broadcasting, one layer of mulch is covered, compresses, adds along seedbed surrounding Lid Small plastic shed.Seedling starts to be unearthed after sowing 5 days, when emergence rate is up to 65% or more, first throws off the mulch on seedbed surface, and remove The kind shell of band on seedling cotyledon.It is aeration-cooling to carry out greenhouse simultaneously, controls 20-24 DEG C of daytime, 16-17 DEG C of night.When seedling After a piece of true leaf is grown, control 28-35 DEG C of daytime, 18-22 DEG C of night.

3, high ridge zanjon is colonized: in late December, plastic shed soil being ploughed deeply 22 centimetres or so.It late January next year, will be organic Fertilizer and compound fertilizer (decomposed soya-bean cake or the fertile 230 kgs/acre of+Shi Ma board compound fertilizers (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) 23 of rapeseed cake Kg/acre+60% 15 kgs/acre of potassium sulfate) be sufficiently mixed after, be uniformly sprinkling upon among greenhouse in 230 cm ranges, will be organic It is fertile to be uniformly sprinkling upon among greenhouse in 130 cm ranges, then all base manure are all uniformly ploughed deeply with rotary cultivator and are buried, thin rake is drawn After flat, wide 28 centimetres, deep 22 centimetres of ditch are opened among greenhouse, greenhouse is divided into two kinds of planting-lines, furrow face is 2.75 meters wide.

4, it is colonized and prunes: about 28 days after watermelon emergence, melon seedling being transplanted to 25 centimeters of greenhouse furrow face intermediate distance ditch, A line is respectively planted along ditch both sides, melon is climing to climb to canopy both sides respectively.23 centimetres of spacing in the rows of field planting is colonized 900 plants per acre.

Canopy temperature management: after the field planting to greenhouse of watermelon seedling, the closed greenhouse of fine day 3 days cloudy closed greenhouse 4 days, then starts Aeration-cooling wet down controls greenhouse daytime at 25-27 DEG C, and night, day and night temperature was at 10 DEG C or more at 18-20 DEG C.

Training: when melon seedling survives, melon is climing to grow to 55 centimetres or so, only retains main stem growth, extracts all sides in foundation portion It is climing.

5, artificial pollination controls section of bearing fruit: when the 3rd female flower is open in main stem, in every morning 9:00--11:00 Shi Jinhang artificial pollination.The pollen for taking the fresh male flower that the same day opens on plant is gently equably applied to what the same day opened On the pistil stigma of female flower.It pollinates that afternoon, extracts pollination melon position at once and its neighbouring all grandsons are climing.The 5th after pollination It, checks the growing state of each young melon, extracts the young melon that growth is lopsided and is mechanically damaged, and the main stem for tying melon plant is raw Long point pinches 2.8 centimetres or so.

6, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer water: when young fruit starts to expand within the 7th day after pollination, Shi Ma board compound fertilizer (N:P:K=is selected 15%:15%:15%) 24 kg/acre of+60% potassium sulfate or 14 kgs/acre of potassium nitrate, after the two is sufficiently mixed, cave apply from 28 centimeters of plant, apply 42 kgs/acre for the first time, apply again after 9 days second, cave is applied from 36 centimeters of plant, amount of application 24 kgs/acre.It should fill primary in small ditch at once after each top dressing.

Increase high potassium foliage fertilizer: the starts for 8-9 days after watermelon pollination is beared fruit, 500 times of liquid lions of every 5 days foliage-sprays The high potassium foliage fertilizer of horse board (N:P:K=7%:12%:40%), 300 grams/acre every time, general continuous spraying 3 times, 7-8 days before harvesting Stopping sprays.

7, Scientific Regulation canopy temperature: fruit expanding period after bearing fruit controls greenhouse daytime at 28-35 DEG C, night at 17-21 DEG C, Day and night temperature is at 10 DEG C or more.

8, it improves harvest maturity: about 28 days after bearing fruit, the petiolar tendril color of section of bearing fruit is observed, when tendril switchs to When yellow-white, show that fruit is mature, should harvest in time, and is stored at shady and cool drying.

The quality and yield of " black saliva " watermelon obtained by above method cultivation picking is shown in such as the following table 3: table 3 uses this hair ' black saliva ' quality of watermelon and the yield of bright technology production

Claims (2)

1. a kind of cultural method of Small-sized watermelon, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps:

(1) standard facility greenhouse is built

(2) it begins sowing in good time and cultivates nursery；

(3) high ridge zanjon high density is colonized；

(4) single climing training controls section of bearing fruit；

(5) fruit is stayed in artificial supplementary pollination；

(6) heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer water；

(7) Scientific Regulation green house temperature-humidity；

(8) harvest maturity is improved.

2. the cultural method of Small-sized watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps:

(1) build standard facility greenhouse: selection topography is high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the deep loose, environment of soil layer meets national NY/ The monomer steelframe booth of 30-40 meters long 6-8 meters of width is built in the plot of T391 Green Food Producing Area condition；

(2) it begins sowing in good time and cultivates nursery: in Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area, should be taken big during annual January 10 to 20 days 2 months Three layers of coverage mode that electric seed bed heater, Small plastic shed and mulch are laid in canopy carry out nursery；

(3) high ridge zanjon high density is colonized: when seedling 3-4 piece true leaf is grown, field planting is higher by position in ridge intermediate soil in time It sets, each ridge face is colonized a line, is colonized 18-20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, is watered with after bottom water closed greenhouse 3-5 days；After seedling survives, answer and When aeration-cooling wet down, control canopy temperature daytime at 25-30 DEG C, night, day and night temperature was at 10 DEG C or more at 15-18 DEG C；

(4) single climing training controls section of bearing fruit: taking the climing training of the list for retaining a main stem to stay fruit mode, grows to main stem When existing female flower, 1-2 female flower in main stem is extractd, the 3rd or the 4th female flower in main stem is selected to bear fruit；

(5) fruit is stayed in artificial supplementary pollination: when pollination time rests in every morning 8:00--11:00, extracing and awards at once after pollination Powder position and its neighbouring all grandsons are climing；4-6 days after pollination, young fruit it is long to egg size when, every main stem is selected and remain 1 and is expanded Fastly, normotrophic young melon growth, extracts the young melon that ovary development is not complete, growth deformity and is mechanically damaged, and led Climing topping；

(6) heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer water: watermelon pollination bear fruit after the 5-6 days, timely heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer and swollen melon water, and increase special Swelling melon fertilizer；

(7) Scientific Regulation green house temperature-humidity: fruit expanding period after watermelon is beared fruit, control canopy temperature daytime, night was at 25-35 DEG C 15-20 DEG C, day and night temperature is at 10 DEG C or more；

(8) improve harvest maturity: observation is beared fruit on section petiole the annesl situation of raw tendril, when tendril switchs to yellow-white When, show that fruit is ninety percent ripe, harvests at this time, fruit taste flavor is best, and easily stored.