CN110235709A - A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time - Google Patents

A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110235709A
CN110235709A CN201910483813.3A CN201910483813A CN110235709A CN 110235709 A CN110235709 A CN 110235709A CN 201910483813 A CN201910483813 A CN 201910483813A CN 110235709 A CN110235709 A CN 110235709A
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greenhouse
balsam pear
furrow
seedling
time
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黄维
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Lixian Lvzhiyuan Ecological Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Lixian Lvzhiyuan Ecological Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910483813.3A priority Critical patent/CN110235709A/en
Publication of CN110235709A publication Critical patent/CN110235709A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275Films
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/04Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14Greenhouses
    • A01G9/1407Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material
    • A01G9/1415Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material with double or multiple walls
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14Greenhouses
    • A01G9/143Equipment for handling produce in greenhouses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time.The present invention is the following steps are included: (1) establishes greenhouse;(2) it soaks seed;(3) nursery;(4) site preparation basal dressing;(5) it is colonized;(6) artificial pollination;(7) top dressing is applied;(8) it harvests.The present invention includes that three films cover by establishing, the greenhouse of heating wire heating and light compensating lamp does sth. in advance nurturing staff, the botanic conformation of seedling, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity and root activity are significantly improved, the strong sprout of cultivation is transplanted respectively into greenhouse and common greenhouse and is colonized, it is pollinated using the male flower of greenhouse to the female flower in common greenhouse and greenhouse, it can solve the problem of male flower occurs less even without male flower in the cultivation of balsam pear winter-spring season, and then shift to an earlier date the breeding time of balsam pear, do sth. in advance about 25d listing than Conventional Time, and the yield of early period is higher, averagely volume increase 94.22%, significantly improve economic benefit.

Description

A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time.
Background technique
Balsam pear also known as balsam pear are cucurbitaceous plants, are annual climbing herb.Fruit oblong, surface have majority Irregular strumae.Seed is hidden among Fleshy fruits, has red capsule to wrap up in when mature.Balsam pear is the favorite one kind of people Vegetables, it is generally understood that being to originate in torrid areas.Balsam pear happiness temperature, it is more heat-resisting, it can not resist cold.The preference temperature of germination is It germinates at 30-35 DEG C, 20 DEG C or less slowly, 13 DEG C or less germinations are difficult.At 25 DEG C or so, can be bred as with 4-5 within about 15 days The seedling of piece true leaf, as needed 20-30 days if 15 DEG C or so.At 10-15 DEG C, balsam pear plant strain growth is slow, then lower than 10 DEG C Undergrowth, when temperature is at 5 DEG C or less, plant is significantly aggrieved.Balsam pear winter-spring season mainly utilizes greenhouse cultivation at present, but common The balsam pear seedling growing way that greenhouse is cultivated is weaker, early period is grown after transplanting since temperature is lower, there is also male flower occur it is few even without The problem of male flower, simultaneously because balsam pear belongs to the different flowering plant of monoecism, and insect pollinator is less in greenhouse, air flowing also compared with It is few, it is only low by insect pollination pollination rate, percentage of fertile fruit is low, it will lead to balsam pear result compared with late and initial production is lower.With people Raising to balsam pear nutrient value and food therapy health effect understanding, the supply and the requirement of supply phase to commodity melon are higher, but mesh The conventional Time To Market of preceding balsam pear is front and back mid-April, and early yield is lower, much can not meet the market demand.
Summary of the invention
Against the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide the cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time a kind of, pass through Greenhouse does sth. in advance nurturing staff, and the strong sprout of cultivation is transplanted respectively into greenhouse and common greenhouse and is colonized, greenhouse is utilized Male flower in greenhouse can solve male flower in the cultivation of balsam pear winter-spring season and occur less to the female flower pollination in common greenhouse and greenhouse The problem of even without male flower, and then shift to an earlier date the breeding time of balsam pear, about 25d can be done sth. in advance than Conventional Time and listed, and early period Yield and higher, hence it is evident that improve economic benefit.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time, comprising the following steps:
(1) it establishes greenhouse: establishing greenhouse and common greenhouse respectively at the beginning of 12 months, the greenhouse is interior in seedling furrow soil Electric heating warming line is buried in the layer depths 4-6cm, and Small plastic shed is arranged in seedling furrow, light compensating lamp is arranged in Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed top is covered One layer of canopy film of lid, greenhouse top cover one layer of canopy film;The common greenhouse covers one layer of canopy film in ceiling;
(2) it soaks seed: seed of bitter gourd being placed in stirring in 50-60 DEG C of hot water and impregnates 20-40min, then at 25-30 DEG C of temperature 6-8h is impregnated in water;
(3) nursery: early January late December to next year, it was 60- that humidity is inserted in hole tray in nursery in greenhouse The vesicle of a 1cm depth is pressed in 65% seedling medium, the center in each seedling cave, and 1 seed of every bunch planting covers after finishing The seedling medium of 0.5-1cm, and mulch film moisture-keeping is covered, 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution is sprayed after the 2nd true leaf expansion;
(4) site preparation basal dressing: balsam pear is colonized the last week by the soil deep tillage of greenhouse and common greenhouse, by the wide 1.2- of furrow 1.4m, furrow width 30-40cm, ditch depth 20-40cm site preparation do furrow, sharp after fertilising at 1000-1500kg/ mus of furrow face application of organic fertilizers Organic fertilizer is covered with the soil of smooth row ditch, and furrow face is flattened whole thin;
(5) be colonized: early Febuary next year is colonized, line-spacing 1.5-1.6m, spacing in the rows when balsam pear seedling has 4-6 piece true leaf 60-70cm covers mulch in furrow face after field planting;
(6) artificial pollination: balsam pear Post flowering, open male flower on the day of being won in greenhouse before 10 points of the morning, respectively To the female flower pollination in greenhouse and common greenhouse, when pollination, removes the petal of male flower, the column cap of female flower is gently dipped in stamen, is made Pollen on stamen is fallen on gynoecium;
(7) it applies top dressing: spraying 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution in balsam pear growth period;Organic fertilizer 1 is imposed in the balsam pear early flowering season Secondary, amount of application is 100-200kg/ mus;Liquid Fertilizer 1 time is imposed every 8-10d in the balsam pear best fruiting period, amount of application 20-30kg/ Mu;
(8) harvest: next year mid or late March, balsam pear Post flowering 12-15d can be harvested.
Further, seed of bitter gourd point is knocked out before seed soaking in the step (2).
Further, the chlorophyll aqueous solution in the step (3) is watered 30-45kg for 10g chlorophyll and is formulated.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step (4) and (7) is that rape cake adds water to after water content is 60-70%, close Seal ferment 15-20d is made.
Further, the chlorophyll aqueous solution in the step (7) is watered 15kg for 10g chlorophyll and is formulated.
Further, the method for administration of the organic fertilizer in the step (7) are as follows: open diameter 15- between two plants on furrow 20cm, the cave of deep 10cm-15cm apply earthing after organic fertilizer.
Further, the Liquid Fertilizer in the step (7) is that pig manure and dish leaf 2:3-5 in mass ratio ferment in methane-generating pit 15-20d is made.
Further, the method for administration of the Liquid Fertilizer in the step (7) is pouring root application after being watered 20-40 times of dilution.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) it is big the greenhouse containing the covering of awning film, Small plastic shed film and three film of mulch, heating wire heating and light compensating lamp has been built Canopy, winter seedling raising process are completed in greenhouse, in conjunction with hole plate seedling growth method can in 15-20d nurturing staff.The training of balsam pear strong sprout It is transplanted respectively after the completion of educating into greenhouse and common greenhouse and is colonized, there is awning film and mulch two-membrane process in common greenhouse. To balsam pear Post flowering, is pollinated using the male flower in greenhouse to the female flower in common greenhouse and greenhouse, balsam pear can be made Breeding time shifts to an earlier date, and does sth. in advance about 25d listing than Conventional Time, and the yield of early period is higher, the average volume increase compared with conventional method 94.22%, hence it is evident that improve economic benefit.
(2) seed of bitter gourd skin depth, it is not easy to germinate, balsam pear germination can obviously be accelerated by knocking out seed of bitter gourd point before seed soaking Speed promotes to do sth. in advance nurturing staff.Seedling stage and growth period spray the chlorophyll solution an of various concentration respectively, can inhibit balsam pear Excessive growth reduces balsam pear and grows consumption of the excessive lateral bine to nutrient;Promote balsam pear root growth, make that stalk is sturdy, shortened internodes, increases Strong lodging tolerance;Increase chlorophyll content, makes leaf dark green, thicken, photosynthesis enhancing;Promote bud differentiation, improves seat Fruit rate, adjusts nutrient growth and reproductive growth balances, and promotes balsam pear fruit to expand, and then list ahead of time.
(3) the traditional cultivation density of balsam pear is 90cm × 100cm, and the present invention uses the cultivation of 1.5-1.6m × 60-70cm Density expands line-spacing but reduces spacing in the rows.Line-spacing expansion is more advantageous to ventilation and penetrating light in winter-spring season cultivation, advantageously reduces big Humidity in canopy, and then disease is reduced, while facilitating field walking management;Spacing in the rows reduces the photosynthetic effect for being conducive to improve balsam pear Rate, nutrient accumulation increase, and are conducive to concentrate harvesting early period, and then increase early yield.
(4) fertilizer applied in balsam pear planting process includes that rape cake adds organic fertilizer and pig manure made of water by fermentation, dish leaf The Liquid Fertilizer made of the fermentation of methane-generating pit high temperature, does not use chemical fertilizer, the balsam pear of plantation more green non-pollution, quality is more substantially It is good.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, to this hair Technical solution in bright embodiment is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is that a part of the invention is implemented Example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creativeness Every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention under the premise of labour.
Electric heating warming line, mulch, seedling medium, chlorophyll used in following embodiment are commercially available, Small plastic shed film For commercially available 6 canopy films, awning film is commercially available 8 canopy films, and rape cake, pig manure and dish leaf are the production waste voluntarily collected.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time, comprising the following steps:
(1) it establishes greenhouse: establishing greenhouse and common greenhouse respectively at the beginning of 12 months, the greenhouse is interior in seedling furrow soil Electric heating warming line is buried in the layer depths 4-6cm, and Small plastic shed is arranged in seedling furrow, light compensating lamp is arranged in Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed top is covered One layer of canopy film of lid, greenhouse top cover one layer of canopy film;The common greenhouse covers one layer of canopy film in ceiling;
(2) it soaks seed: seed of bitter gourd being placed in stirring in 50 DEG C of hot water and impregnates 40min, is impregnated in 25 DEG C of warm water 8h;
(3) nursery: early January late December to next year, it was 60% that humidity is inserted in hole tray in nursery in greenhouse Seedling medium, the center in each seedling cave presses the vesicle of a 1cm depth, and 1 seed of every bunch planting covers 0.5cm after finishing Seedling medium, and cover mulch film moisture-keeping, spray 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution, the chlorophyll aqueous solution after the 2nd true leaf expansion 30kg is watered for 10g chlorophyll to be formulated;
(4) site preparation basal dressing: balsam pear is colonized the last week for the soil deep tillage of greenhouse and common greenhouse, wide by furrow 1.2m, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 20cm site preparation do furrow, and at 1000kg/ mus of furrow face application of organic fertilizers, smooth row ditch is utilized after fertilising Soil covers organic fertilizer, and furrow face is flattened whole thin;The organic fertilizer is that rape cake adds water to sealing after water content is 60-% The 20d that ferments is made;
(5) be colonized: early Febuary next year is colonized, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 60cm when balsam pear seedling has 4 true leaves, fixed Mulch is covered in furrow face after plant;
(6) artificial pollination: balsam pear Post flowering, open male flower on the day of being won in greenhouse before 10 points of the morning, respectively To the female flower pollination in greenhouse and common greenhouse, when pollination, removes the petal of male flower, the column cap of female flower is gently dipped in stamen, is made Pollen on stamen is fallen on gynoecium;
(7) it applies top dressing: spraying 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution in balsam pear growth period, the chlorophyll aqueous solution is that 10g leaf is green Element is watered 15kg and is formulated;It is imposed organic fertilizer 1 time in the balsam pear early flowering season, amount of application is 200kg/ mus, method of administration are as follows: in furrow Diameter 15cm is opened between upper two plants, the cave of deep 10cm applies earthing after organic fertilizer;Liquid Fertilizer is imposed every 8d in the balsam pear best fruiting period 1 time, the Liquid Fertilizer is that pig manure and dish leaf 2:3 in mass ratio are made in methane-generating pit fermentation 20d, and amount of application is 20kg/ mus, application Method is that pouring root is applied after being watered 20 times of dilution;
(8) harvest: next year mid or late March, balsam pear Post flowering 12-15d can be harvested.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time, comprising the following steps:
(1) it establishes greenhouse: establishing greenhouse and common greenhouse respectively at the beginning of 12 months, the greenhouse is interior in seedling furrow soil Electric heating warming line is buried in the layer depths 4-6cm, and Small plastic shed is arranged in seedling furrow, light compensating lamp is arranged in Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed top is covered One layer of canopy film of lid, greenhouse top cover one layer of canopy film;The common greenhouse covers one layer of canopy film in ceiling;
(2) it soaks seed: seed of bitter gourd being placed in stirring in 55 DEG C of hot water and impregnates 30min, is impregnated in 30 DEG C of warm water 7h;
(3) nursery: early January late December to next year, it was 65% that humidity is inserted in hole tray in nursery in greenhouse Seedling medium, the center in each seedling cave presses the vesicle of a 1cm depth, and 1 seed of every bunch planting covers 0.8cm after finishing Seedling medium, and cover mulch film moisture-keeping, spray 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution, the chlorophyll aqueous solution after the 2nd true leaf expansion 35kg is watered for 10g chlorophyll to be formulated;
(4) site preparation basal dressing: balsam pear is colonized the last week for the soil deep tillage of greenhouse and common greenhouse, wide by furrow 1.3m, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 30cm site preparation do furrow, and at 1500kg/ mus of furrow face application of organic fertilizers, smooth row ditch is utilized after fertilising Soil covers organic fertilizer, and furrow face is flattened whole thin;The organic fertilizer is that rape cake adds water to after water content is 65%, sealing hair Ferment 15d is made;
(5) be colonized: early Febuary next year is colonized, line-spacing 1.6m, spacing in the rows 65cm when balsam pear seedling has 5 true leaves, fixed Mulch is covered in furrow face after plant;
(6) artificial pollination: balsam pear Post flowering, open male flower on the day of being won in greenhouse before 10 points of the morning, respectively To the female flower pollination in greenhouse and common greenhouse, when pollination, removes the petal of male flower, the column cap of female flower is gently dipped in stamen, is made Pollen on stamen is fallen on gynoecium;
(7) it applies top dressing: spraying 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution in balsam pear growth period, the chlorophyll aqueous solution is that 10g leaf is green Element is watered 15kg and is formulated;It is imposed organic fertilizer 1 time in the balsam pear early flowering season, amount of application is 100kg/ mus, method of administration are as follows: in furrow Diameter 15cm is opened between upper two plants, the cave of deep 15cm applies earthing after organic fertilizer;Liquid Fertilizer is imposed every 9d in the balsam pear best fruiting period 1 time, the Liquid Fertilizer is that pig manure and dish leaf 2:4 in mass ratio are made in methane-generating pit fermentation 15d, and amount of application is 30kg/ mus, application Method is that pouring root is applied after being watered 30 times of dilution;
(8) harvest: next year mid or late March, balsam pear Post flowering 12-15d can be harvested.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time, comprising the following steps:
(1) it establishes greenhouse: establishing greenhouse and common greenhouse respectively at the beginning of 12 months, the greenhouse is interior in seedling furrow soil Electric heating warming line is buried in the layer depths 4-6cm, and Small plastic shed is arranged in seedling furrow, light compensating lamp is arranged in Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed top is covered One layer of canopy film of lid, greenhouse top cover one layer of canopy film;The common greenhouse covers one layer of canopy film in ceiling;
(2) it soaks seed: seed of bitter gourd being placed in stirring in 60 DEG C of hot water and impregnates 20min, is impregnated in 25 DEG C of warm water 7h;
(3) nursery: early January late December to next year, it was 65% that humidity is inserted in hole tray in nursery in greenhouse Seedling medium, the vesicle of 1cm depth, 1 seed of every bunch planting, covering 1cm after finishing are pressed in the center in each seedling cave Seedling medium, and mulch film moisture-keeping is covered, 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution is sprayed after the 2nd true leaf expansion, the chlorophyll aqueous solution is 10g chlorophyll is watered 40kg and is formulated;
(4) site preparation basal dressing: balsam pear is colonized the last week for the soil deep tillage of greenhouse and common greenhouse, wide by furrow 1.4m, furrow width 35cm, ditch depth 40cm site preparation do furrow, and at 1200kg/ mus of furrow face application of organic fertilizers, smooth row ditch is utilized after fertilising Soil covers organic fertilizer, and furrow face is flattened whole thin;The organic fertilizer is that rape cake adds water to after water content is 70%, sealing hair Ferment 18d is made;
(5) be colonized: early Febuary next year is colonized, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 70cm when balsam pear seedling has 6 true leaves, fixed Mulch is covered in furrow face after plant;
(6) artificial pollination: balsam pear Post flowering, open male flower on the day of being won in greenhouse before 10 points of the morning, respectively To the female flower pollination in greenhouse and common greenhouse, when pollination, removes the petal of male flower, the column cap of female flower is gently dipped in stamen, is made Pollen on stamen is fallen on gynoecium;
(7) it applies top dressing: spraying 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution in balsam pear growth period, the chlorophyll aqueous solution is that 10g leaf is green Element is watered 15kg and is formulated;It is imposed organic fertilizer 1 time in the balsam pear early flowering season, amount of application is 150kg/ mus, method of administration are as follows: in furrow Diameter 20cm is opened between upper two plants, the cave of deep 10cm applies earthing after organic fertilizer;Liquid is imposed every 10d in the balsam pear best fruiting period Fertilizer 1 time, the Liquid Fertilizer are that pig manure and dish leaf 2:5 in mass ratio are made in methane-generating pit fermentation 20d, and amount of application is 20kg/ mus, is applied It is that pouring root is applied after being watered 40 times of dilution with method;
(8) harvest: next year mid or late March, balsam pear Post flowering 12-15d can be harvested.
Embodiment 4
A kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time, comprising the following steps:
(1) it establishes greenhouse: establishing greenhouse and common greenhouse respectively at the beginning of 12 months, the greenhouse is interior in seedling furrow soil Electric heating warming line is buried in the layer depths 4-6cm, and Small plastic shed is arranged in seedling furrow, light compensating lamp is arranged in Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed top is covered One layer of canopy film of lid, greenhouse top cover one layer of canopy film;The common greenhouse covers one layer of canopy film in ceiling;
(2) it soaks seed: seed of bitter gourd being placed in stirring in 55 DEG C of hot water and impregnates 30min, is impregnated in 30 DEG C of warm water 6h;
(3) nursery: early January late December to next year, it was 60% that humidity is inserted in hole tray in nursery in greenhouse Seedling medium, the center in each seedling cave presses the vesicle of a 1cm depth, and 1 seed of every bunch planting covers 0.8cm after finishing Seedling medium, and cover mulch film moisture-keeping, spray 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution, the chlorophyll aqueous solution after the 2nd true leaf expansion 45kg is watered for 10g chlorophyll to be formulated;
(4) site preparation basal dressing: balsam pear is colonized the last week for the soil deep tillage of greenhouse and common greenhouse, wide by furrow 1.3m, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 30cm site preparation do furrow, and at 1500kg/ mus of furrow face application of organic fertilizers, smooth row ditch is utilized after fertilising Soil covers organic fertilizer, and furrow face is flattened whole thin;The organic fertilizer is that rape cake adds water to after water content is 60%, sealing hair Ferment 15d is made;
(5) be colonized: early Febuary next year is colonized, line-spacing 1.6m, spacing in the rows 60cm when balsam pear seedling has 5 true leaves, fixed Mulch is covered in furrow face after plant;
(6) artificial pollination: balsam pear Post flowering, open male flower on the day of being won in greenhouse before 10 points of the morning, respectively To the female flower pollination in greenhouse and common greenhouse, when pollination, removes the petal of male flower, the column cap of female flower is gently dipped in stamen, is made Pollen on stamen is fallen on gynoecium;
(7) it applies top dressing: spraying 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution in balsam pear growth period, the chlorophyll aqueous solution is that 10g leaf is green Element is watered 15kg and is formulated;It is imposed organic fertilizer 1 time in the balsam pear early flowering season, amount of application is 100kg/ mus, method of administration are as follows: in furrow Diameter 20cm is opened between upper two plants, the cave of deep 15cm applies earthing after organic fertilizer;Liquid Fertilizer is imposed every 8d in the balsam pear best fruiting period 1 time, the Liquid Fertilizer is that pig manure and dish leaf 2:4 in mass ratio are made in methane-generating pit fermentation 15d, and amount of application is 25kg/ mus, application Method is that pouring root is applied after being watered 20 times of dilution;
(8) harvest: next year mid or late March, balsam pear Post flowering 12-15d can be harvested.
Comparative example 1 is balsam pear winter conventional cultivation method.
Comparative example 2 is the difference from embodiment 1 is that seedling raising process carries out in common greenhouse.
Comparative example 3 is the difference from embodiment 1 is that balsam pear is only colonized in common greenhouse.
Comparative example 4 is not the difference from embodiment 1 is that carry out artificial pollination.
Comparative example 5 is not the difference from embodiment 1 is that apply chlorophyll aqueous solution.
Comparative example 6 is the difference from embodiment 1 is that fertilizer is replaced with chemical fertilizer.
Balsam pear small plants form, photosynthetic capacity and root activity are measured in after planting 15d, as a result record such as following table.
Seedling vigorous index=(stem thickness/plant height+underground part dry mass/overground part dry mass) x complete stool dry mass
Influence of the different cultural methods of table 1 to balsam pear small plants form
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that using cultural method of the present invention compared with the balsam pear winter conventional cultivation method of comparative example 1 Embodiment 1-4 in plant height, stem thickness, overground part dry mass and the underground part dry mass of balsam pear seedling obviously increase, emergence rate and Seedling vigorous index is significantly improved, and the balsam pear seedling robustness for illustrating that the present invention cultivates is higher.
Compared with Example 1, the operation in the nursery stage of comparative example 3,4 and 6 is identical, so in these three comparative examples The botanic conformation and embodiment 1 of balsam pear seedling are without significant difference.The seedling raising process of comparative example 2 is carried out in common greenhouse , since temperature is lower, balsam pear emergence rate and seedling vigorous index are low, and plant height, stem thickness and the dry mass of seedling have decline.Comparative example 5 do not apply chlorophyll aqueous solution, and seedling growth is declined slightly compared with Example 1.
Influence of the different cultural methods of table 2 to balsam pear seedling chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity and root activity
From the data in table 2, it can be seen that using cultural method of the present invention compared with the balsam pear winter conventional cultivation method of comparative example 1 Embodiment 1-4 in balsam pear seedling chlorophyll content and root activity significantly improve, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration speed Rate is risen, and illustrates to use the balsam pear seedling photosynthetic capacity of cultural method of the present invention higher, and root activity is also relatively strong.
Compared with Example 1, the operation in the nursery stage of comparative example 3,4 and 6 is identical, so in these three comparative examples Chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity and the root activity and embodiment 1 of balsam pear seedling are without significant difference.The seedling raising process of comparative example 2 It is to be carried out in common greenhouse, since temperature is lower, the photosynthetic capacity of balsam pear is lower, and root activity decline is obvious.Comparative example 5 Chlorophyll aqueous solution is not applied, and the chlorophyll content of seedling is lower, and then photosynthetic capacity decreases, and root activity is relatively low.
After balsam pear enters picking time start recording first time collecting time, the per mu yield of 20d and entirely adopted before picking time The per mu yield of receipts phase, as a result as shown in the table.
Influence of the different cultural methods of table 3 to quantity production of bitter melon and first time collecting time
From the data in table 3, it can be seen that using cultural method of the present invention compared with the balsam pear winter conventional cultivation method of comparative example 1 Embodiment 1-4 in the first time collecting time of balsam pear be advanced by 25d or so, 20d per mu yield is averagely increased production before picking time 94.22%, entire picking time per mu yield averagely increases production 25.52%, illustrates after using cultural method of the present invention, balsam pear early yield It is significantly improved with total output, can preferably meet the market demand, increase economic efficiency.
Compared with Example 1, the seedling raising process of comparative example 2 is carried out in common greenhouse, since temperature is lower, seedling Growing way is poor, and early yield and total output reduce 17.03% and 8.28% respectively, and first time collecting time has also postponed 12d. The balsam pear of comparative example 3 is only colonized in common greenhouse, and male flower early period occurs less, and first time collecting time has postponed 26d, and early period produces It measures lower, reduces 32.78% compared with Example 1, total output also reduces 17.46%.Comparative example 4 is not awarded manually Powder, picking time has postponed 14d, and harvesting result early period is less, and early yield and total output reduce 25.64% He respectively 14.08%.Comparative example 5 does not apply chlorophyll aqueous solution, and seedling robustness is lower than embodiment 1, and length of overgrowing on rear side of field planting is more, Part nutrient is consumed, so early yield slightly reduces 7.69%, total output reduces 6.35%.What comparative example 6 used Fertilizer is chemical fertilizer, and early yield reduces 4.76% compared with Example 1, and total output reduces 4.14%, illustrates organic fertilizer There is certain effect of increasing production, and cost is lower, it is also more advantageous to soil environment.
In conclusion the present invention includes that three films cover, heating wire heats and the greenhouse of light compensating lamp by establishing, can mention Early nurturing staff, botanic conformation, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity and the root activity of seedling are significantly improved, will cultivate Strong sprout transplanted respectively into greenhouse and common greenhouse and be colonized, give common greenhouse and greenhouse using the male flower in greenhouse Female flower pollination in greenhouse, can solve the problem of male flower is occurred less even without male flower in the cultivation of balsam pear winter-spring season, and then make hardship The breeding time of melon shifts to an earlier date, and can do sth. in advance about 25d listing than Conventional Time, and the yield of early period is higher, average compared with conventional method Volume increase 94.22%, hence it is evident that improve economic benefit.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it establishes greenhouse: establishing greenhouse and common greenhouse respectively at the beginning of 12 months, the greenhouse is interior in seedling furrow soil layer 4- Electric heating warming line is buried in the depths 6cm, and Small plastic shed is arranged in seedling furrow, and light compensating lamp, Small plastic shed top covering one are arranged in Small plastic shed Layer canopy film, greenhouse top cover one layer of canopy film;The common greenhouse covers one layer of canopy film in ceiling;
(2) it soaks seed: seed of bitter gourd being placed in stirring in 50-60 DEG C of hot water and impregnates 20-40min, in 25-30 DEG C of warm water Impregnate 6-8h;
(3) nursery: early January late December to next year, it was 60-65%'s that humidity is inserted in hole tray in nursery in greenhouse The vesicle of a 1cm depth is pressed in seedling medium, the center in each seedling cave, and 1 seed of every bunch planting covers 0.5-1cm after finishing Seedling medium, and cover mulch film moisture-keeping, spray 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution after the 2nd true leaf expansion;
(4) site preparation basal dressing: balsam pear is colonized the last week by the soil deep tillage of greenhouse and common greenhouse, by the wide 1.2- of furrow 1.4m, furrow width 30-40cm, ditch depth 20-40cm site preparation do furrow, sharp after fertilising at 1000-1500kg/ mus of furrow face application of organic fertilizers Organic fertilizer is covered with the soil of smooth row ditch, and furrow face is flattened whole thin;
(5) be colonized: early Febuary next year is colonized, line-spacing 1.5-1.6m, spacing in the rows 60- when balsam pear seedling has 4-6 piece true leaf 70cm covers mulch in furrow face after field planting;
(6) artificial pollination: balsam pear Post flowering, open male flower on the day of being won in greenhouse before 10 points of the morning, respectively to temperature Female flower pollination in room greenhouse and common greenhouse, when pollination, remove the petal of male flower, the column cap of female flower are gently dipped in stamen, makes stamen On pollen fall on gynoecium;
(7) it applies top dressing: spraying 1 chlorophyll aqueous solution in balsam pear growth period;It imposes organic fertilizer 1 time, applies in the balsam pear early flowering season Dosage is 100-200kg/ mus;It is imposed Liquid Fertilizer 1 time in the balsam pear best fruiting period every 8-10d, amount of application is 20-30kg/ mus;
(8) harvest: next year mid or late March, balsam pear Post flowering 12-15d can be harvested.
2. the cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time according to claim 1 a kind of, which is characterized in that the step (2) Seed of bitter gourd point is knocked out before middle seed soaking.
3. the cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time according to claim 1 a kind of, which is characterized in that the step (3) In chlorophyll aqueous solution be that 10g chlorophyll is watered 30-45kg and is formulated.
4. the cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time according to claim 1 a kind of, which is characterized in that the step (4) (7) organic fertilizer in is that rape cake adds water to after water content is 60-70%, is sealed by fermentation 15-20d and is made.
5. the cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time according to claim 1 a kind of, which is characterized in that the step (7) In chlorophyll aqueous solution be that 10g chlorophyll is watered 15kg and is formulated.
6. the cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time according to claim 1 or 4 a kind of, which is characterized in that the step (7) method of administration of the organic fertilizer in are as follows: open diameter 15-20cm, the cave of deep 10cm-15cm between two plants on furrow, application has Earthing after machine fertilizer.
7. the cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time according to claim 1 a kind of, which is characterized in that the step (7) In Liquid Fertilizer to be pig manure and dish leaf 2:3-5 in mass ratio be made in the methane-generating pit 15-20d that ferments.
8. the cultural method of balsam pear breeding time ahead of time according to claim 1 or claim 7 a kind of, which is characterized in that the step (7) method of administration of the Liquid Fertilizer in is pouring root application after being watered 20-40 times of dilution.
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Application publication date: 20190917