CN101180934A - Cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon - Google Patents
Cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of double-color ice cream watermelons, which adopts a forcing cultivation mode in large and medium-sized greenhouses in the spring sowing and promotes fruit setting through the artificial pollination so as to control the fruit to be in the appropriate fruit setting nodes; in addition, reasonable fertilization and temperature control of the greenhouses are adopted to lead to uniform color of flesh, high sugar content, high yield and strong disease resistance of the cultured watermelons.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the arviculture technical field, relate in particular to a kind of cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon.
Background technology
Watermelon is the good merchantable brand that quenches one's thirst of relieving summer heat that liked by the consumer, along with the raising of people's living standard, the designs and varieties and the quality and flavor of watermelon is had higher requirement.Usually we buy the flesh of Pulp Citrulli look of consuming and are mainly redness on market, also have a spot of yellow meat new water melon breed to come out in recent years." dual-color ice cream " is that the Shanghai City animals and plants are introduced a fine variety the new water melon breed that the scientific and technical personnel in research center breed, this kind pulp flesh look shows as that milk is yellow and pink to be inlayed each other, have much characteristic, and fine and tender taste is crisp, and the succulence desire is dripped, and it is instant to enter the mouth, center sugar reaches the 12-13 degree, the local flavor elegance, quality is splendid, is the treasure in the watermelon.But the quality of this kind and flesh color table now are subjected to the influence of external environmental conditions such as temperature and illumination very big, if cultivation management is improper, not only the fruit taste quality descends significantly, and pulp flesh color table is now unusual, full Huang appears or reddish yellow flesh look is inlayed inhomogeneous, influence commodity of products greatly, cause economic benefit to descend significantly.
Technology contents
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon, to solve the defective in the existing culture technique.
For reaching this purpose, the flesh color table that the present invention has fully studied dual-color ice cream watermelon under different sowing dates, different cultivation mode and the different joint position conditions of bearing fruit shows, the result shows, the performance of reddish yellow flesh look is subjected to the environmental temperature regulate and control of sowing time and fruit development period in the dual-color ice cream watermelon pulp, this phase temperature is low more, red The Characters is many more in the pulp, but along with the rising of fruit development period temperature, yellow The Characters progressively strengthens in the pulp.Secondly, the performance of reddish yellow flesh look also is subjected to the regulation and control of fruit development period intensity of illumination in the dual-color ice cream watermelon pulp, and this phase illumination is strong more, and yellow The Characters is many more in the pulp.Research also shows, along with the bear fruit rising of joint position of fruit, yellow The Characters is many more in the dual-color ice cream watermelon pulp, and because of in same date of seeding, along with the rising of staying fruit joint, environmental temperature also increases, and yellow The Characters is also many more in the pulp.
Theoretical foundation of the present invention is: the flesh color table of dual-color ice cream watermelon now is subjected to the regulation and control of external environments such as temperature and illumination, and the low temperature and the low light level are according to helping red performance, and high temperature and intense light irradiation then help yellow performance.
The cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon provided by the present invention comprises following several steps:
(1) kind is selected: the dual-color ice cream watermelon kind;
(2) determine cultivation mode: adopt the precocious culture underglass mode of the big-and-middle canopy of sowing in spring;
(3) arrange the seeding and seedling raising phase: the East China, the seeding and seedling raising phase is arranged in annual by the end of January at the beginning of 2 months; The northern area seeding and seedling raising phase then is annual by the end of February at the beginning of 3 months;
(4) seedling raising manners and seedling age: adopt laying electricity heating line mode to carry out growing seedlings of dual-color ice cream watermelon; Seedling age was controlled at 30-35 days, transplanted in booth during tool 3-4 sheet true leaf;
(5) field planting and training: adopt high furrow zanjon mode field planting watermelon seedling, every mu of field planting 700-800 strain, spacing in the rows 33～35cm, line-spacing 2.5～3m takes two climing training types;
(6) bear fruit joint position of artificial pollination and control: carry out artificial supplementary pollination in flowering stage, control stays fruit joint position at 12～15 joints;
(7) rich water quality management: in time impose the fertile and swollen melon water of swollen melon in two weeks of back of bearing fruit 1～2 time, swollen melon is fertile to be executed for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and potash fertilizer mix, wherein the overall control of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is at 25～30kg, the overall control of potash fertilizer is at 12～15kg, the part by weight of the two is 1: 0.5, and swollen melon water is in time irritated in the back of at every turn topdressing; Wherein Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is for containing potassium nitrate or O
2The composite fertilizer of K, the ratio of its N: P: K is 15: 15: 15; Wherein potash fertilizer is potassium sulphate or the potassium nitrate of 40%～60 %;
(8) canopy temperature control: in time aeration-cooling, night, day and night temperature was more than 10 ℃ at 18 ℃～20 ℃ at 22 ℃～35 ℃ daytime for control canopy temperature;
(9) timely collecting: when fruit ninety percent is ripe, gather.
Preferably also will put in order ground after growing seedlings, make little high furrow behind the whole ground, adopt high furrow zanjon mode to cultivate, furrow face width 4.5-5 rice, duplicate rows is to climbing, and furrow width 40-50 centimetre, dark 30-40 centimetre.
In addition, cultivating watermelon should be carried out extermination of disease and insect pest work, and key is relied mainly on prevention.The main disease of watermelon has the damping off and climing rot, eqpidemic disease, fusarium wilt and the powdery mildew etc. that become the strain phase in seedling stage.Seedling stage, damping off was main because of early stage temperature is low, high humidity, illumination deficiency and causing.Control should be controlled ground temperature more than 17 ℃, and in time ventilate every day, reduces air humidity in the canopy.Can mix fine sand with powder of carbendazim earlier after watermelon is emerged simultaneously, gently be spread on root.Chemical control can spray 500-800 times of liquid carbendazim and Sukeling, strengthens accomplishing to rely mainly on prevention.Take out the climing phase after the watermelon field planting, should carry out a disease control weekly.Medicament commonly used has 400-500 times of liquid of the red wetting powder of 65% wettable mancozeb, 500-700 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder or 50% kuh-seng, sprays once in turn in every 5-7 days.Greenhouse cultivation will be carried out ventilation, see light and heat insulation work.Secondly, many organic fertilizers are cultivated strong sprout, can effectively improve the plant resistance.In addition when carrying out the medicament diseases prevention weekly, the high potassium foliage fertilizer of lion horse board with addition of 0.5% together sprays, and can effectively promote fruit to expand, and has and increase sweet effect significantly.(the used percentage of medicament all is weight percentage herein.)
Should rationally control rich water in the course of cultivation in addition, base manure is wanted Shaoshi or is prohibited nitrogen fertilizer application, enriches phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer.Wherein base manure (is good with dish cake, the dregs of fat, chicken manure, sheep excrement) is with 2000～2500 kilograms of every mu of organic fertilizers, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40-50 kilogram, and superphosphate is advisable for 30 kilograms.
The dual-color ice cream watermelon that the present invention produces is compared with the same kind watermelon of prior art cultivation,
Have following characteristics:
● the flesh color table is now even: for milk yellow and pink are inlayed each other uniformly.
● quality better: general pulp center sugar can reach more than 12%, and limit sugar reaches more than 9.0%, and the crisp delicacy of meat, tasty and refreshing succulence, and it is instant to enter the mouth, and local flavor is splendid.
● the output height: individual plant setting number is more than 1.2, and mean fruit weight reaches 4.5 kilograms, and the per mu yield of commodity melon is more than 3000 kilograms, and high yield can reach more than 5000 kilograms, and under equal cultivation condition, the existing culture technique volume increase of production ratio is more than 20%.
● the plant disease resistance strengthens: each pilot investigation, and the climing rot disease index in land for growing field crops is 4.6～5.1, the disease index of anthracnose also drops to 2.33, has descended more than 50% than prior art.
Concrete comparative result sees Table 1:
" dual-color ice cream " Q factor contrast of table 1, the present invention and prior art cultivation
| The type of skill | Single melon counterpoise | The pulp soluble sugar content | Taste quality | Climing rot | Anthracnose |
| The present invention | 45(kg) | 14% (in); 10.0% (limit) | Sweet taste is pure | 4.6～5.1 | 2.33 |
| Prior art | 4.0(kg) | 11% (in); 9.0% (limit) | Tart flavour is arranged | 76～8.2 | 4.23 |
Advantage of the present invention and characteristics:
1, the present invention adopts the precocious culture underglass pattern of the big-and-middle canopy of sowing in spring to carry out the cultivation and production of dual-color ice cream watermelon, has avoided cultivation mode difference in the prior art, and environmental conditions such as temperature that causes and illumination differ greatly, and have caused the flesh color table existing inhomogeneous.
2, promote to bear fruit by the artificial supplementary pollination mode, the controlled fruit is within the suitable joint position of bearing fruit.
3, among the present invention the amount of application of swollen melon fertilizer with N: P: the K ratio is that 15: 15: 15 Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and 1: 05 ratio of potash fertilizer (40%～60% potassium sulphate or potassium nitrate) are joined and executed, and the whole fruit development phase is prohibited nitrogen fertilizer application, the high potassium foliage fertilizer of 3～5 lion horses of foliage-spray board, guaranteed in the watermelon Fruit Development Process wilderness demand to potassium element, improve the resistance of plant, guaranteed the quality of fruit.
Embodiment:
One, breed selection is determined
The new water melon breed of selecting for use the Shanghai City animals and plants to introduce a fine variety the research center to breed " dual-color ice cream ", this kind plant growing way is strong, and how overcast and rainy low temperature resistant, the low light tolerance of regional culture performance, bearing fruit property be good in south, and fruit expands soon, single melon weighs 4～5Kg, blooms to ripe 33-35 days.The high ball-shaped of this kind fruit, blackish green clear slice band is covered at the emerald green end of pericarp, and pulp milk is yellow and pink to be inlayed each other, has much characteristic, and fine and tender taste is crisp, and the succulence desire is dripped, and it is instant to enter the mouth, and center sugar reaches the 12-13 degree, the local flavor elegance, quality is splendid, is the treasure in the watermelon.
Two, cultivation mode and seeding and seedling raising phase determines
In order to make the pulp flesh color table now double-colored uniformly (reddish yellow is inlayed each other) of this kind, must adopt the precocious culture underglass formula of touching of the big-and-middle canopy of sowing in spring to carry out the cultivation and production of " dual-color ice cream " new water melon breed.Adopt cover little ring canopy+plastic film mulching cultivation mode in the booth, the plastic mulching width is advisable with the 45-50 centimetre, and the overlay film close proximity to ground does not leak out.The East China, the seeding and seedling raising phase should be arranged in annual by the end of January at the beginning of 2 months; The northern area seeding and seedling raising phase then should postpone to by the end of February at the beginning of 3 months.Make the fruit development period of dual-color ice cream watermelon kind be in May this relatively low temperature and the low light level according under the weather conditions.
Three, seedling raising manners and seedling management:
Adopt the mode of laying the electricity heating line to carry out growing seedlings of dual-color ice cream watermelon.Specifically be three layers of covering of overlapping little shed and mulch film in the booth, on little shed, add a cover layer of non-woven fabric evening again.The width of hotbed is 120～150cm, high 20～30cm, and length is decided according to the quantity of growing seedlings.Earlier at bed table shop one deck fine earth, lay electric heating wire then before the system alms bowl, spacing 8-12cm between line and the line, temperature is lower around the tired seedbed, and bedside heating wire spacing can suitably be contracted to 4-5cm, and suitably relax to 10-12cm the centre, and full bed average headway is constant.Nutritive cube is answered the straight line discharging, and the back that helps emerging in time reduces seedbed humidity, reduces disease.Show money or valuables one carries unintentionally one in seed of every alms bowl sowing vernalization, seed should keep flat.Emerge smoothly for guaranteeing seed, usually sowing need be connected power supply in preceding 1-2 days in advance, bed temperature is increased to more than 20 ℃, on nutritive cube, evenly water vola water before the sowing with the bucket of watering flowers, or spray 3000-4000 and doubly dislike mould spirit (can effectively prevent and treat the damping off in seedling stage) and after planting evenly cover thin nutrition soil (deciding) about thick about 1.5-2cm on seed size, be covered with mulch film, cover little shed again, work heating moisture-keeping function.
The back temperature of emerging will in time reduce, and on 20～25 ℃ of daytimes, night is more than 17 ℃, after true leaf grows, can suitably heat up, keep 25～28 ℃ daytime, 18～20 ℃ of nights, to quicken the growth of melon seedling, seedling age was controlled at 30-35 days, in time transplanted in booth during tool 3-4 sheet true leaf.
Four, base manure quantity and land preparation mode:
Fertilizer should be after the winter, preceding soil be ploughed, through frost weathering, when ploughing for the second time, disposablely use sufficient base manure at full topsoil, base manure is with 2000～2500 kilograms of every mu of bar organic fertilizers (is good with dish cake, the dregs of fat, chicken manure, sheep excrement), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40-50 kilogram, 30 kilograms of superphosphate, potassium nitrate or potassium sulphate 8-10 kilogram.This kind growth potential is stronger, should rationally control rich water, particularly base manure and will prohibit nitrogen fertilizer application, based on nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
Cultivate to good in high furrow zanjon mode, each booth is made two high furrow behind the whole ground, promptly opens a zanjon in the middle of booth, and furrow width 35-45 centimetre, dark 25-30 centimetre, furrow face width 2.5-3 rice, the melon seedling is climbed to the canopy both sides respectively along the field planting of ditch both sides.
Five, plantation density and training type:
Every mu of field planting 700-800 strain, 33～35 centimetres of spacing in the rows are taked two climing training types, promptly in whole vine growth and development process, except that a master who selects and remain climing and lateral bine, should extract early the result save before the position and neighbouring unnecessary lateral bine and grandson climing, reduce the nutrition loss, promote the result.
Six, the artificial supplementary pollination and the joint position control of bearing fruit
Sow in spring " dual-color ice cream " watermelon of precocious big-and-middle canopy cultivation, temperature is still low when blooming, and the insect activity amount is few, must carry out artificial supplementary pollination, still can guarantee the result of a target joint female flower.Pollination time is grasped at every morning 9:00--11:00 point.It is good that melon is sat in second, third later big female flower of main climing the 10th joint (about 12-15 joint) pollination of selecting and remain.When pollination back 4～5 days, young fruit are the egg size, show melon seat live, should take the measure of fruit thinning, extract that low joint position, ovary development are complete, poor pollination, growth deformity and the young fruit that is mechanically damaged.
Seven, the regulation and control of swollen melon fertilizer and swollen melon water
When young fruit egg size, should in time chase after plants expand fertilizer and swollen melon water, swollen melon fertilizer should be used quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and quick-acting potash fertilizer (potassium nitrate, potassium sulphate) and the high potassium foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray, divides secondary to join and executes.For the first time should be when young fruit egg size, every mu imposes 15kg Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N: P: K=15: 15: 15) and 5kg potash fertilizer (potassium nitrate or potassium sulphate), for the second time at interval after 5 days, every mu imposes 15 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and 10 kilograms of potash fertilizer, and swollen melon water is promptly irritated once in the little ditch, back of topdressing at every turn.Simultaneously, when carrying out the medicament diseases prevention weekly, the high potassium foliage fertilizer of lion horse board with addition of 0.5% together sprays, and can effectively promote fruit to expand, and tool increases sweet effect significantly.
Eight, the control of damage by disease and insect
" dual-color ice cream " watermelon sprout term disease mainly contains damping off, and is main because of early stage temperature is low, high humidity, illumination deficiency and causing.Control should be controlled the interior temperature of canopy more than 17 ℃, often ventilates at ordinary times, reduces humidity in the canopy.Can mix fine sand with powder of carbendazim earlier after watermelon is emerged, gently be spread on root.Chemical control can spray 500-800 times of liquid carbendazim and Sukeling, strengthens accomplishing to rely mainly on prevention.Become strain phase disease to mainly contain climing rot, fusarium wilt and anthracnose.Fusarium wilt will be prevented and treated by efficent rotation and grafting cultivation.Take out the climing phase after the field planting of melon seedling, should carry out a disease control weekly, medicament commonly used has 400-500 times of liquid of the red wetting powder of 65% wettable mancozeb, 500-700 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder or 50% kuh-seng, sprays once in turn in every 5-7 days.Ventilation be to carry out at ordinary times, light and heat insulation work seen.
Nine, gather period and technology
Dual-color ice cream watermelon will be gathered when ripe ninety percent, gathers in the back of promptly bearing fruit in 33～35 days, can not gather too early, otherwise easy dehiscent fruit and reduce quality.The strict control in preceding 10 days of gathering is poured water, and can effectively reduce dehiscent fruit, improves the sugar content of fruit.
Claims (6)
1. the cultivation method of a dual-color ice cream watermelon is characterized in that this cultivation method comprises following several steps:
(1) kind is selected: the dual-color ice cream watermelon kind;
(2) determine cultivation mode: adopt the precocious culture underglass mode of the big-and-middle canopy of sowing in spring;
(3) arrange the seeding and seedling raising phase: the East China, the seeding and seedling raising phase is arranged in annual by the end of January at the beginning of 2 months; The northern area seeding and seedling raising phase then is annual by the end of February at the beginning of 3 months;
(4) seedling raising manners and seedling age: adopt laying electricity heating line mode to carry out growing seedlings of dual-color ice cream watermelon; Seedling age was controlled at 30-35 days, transplanted in booth during tool 3-4 sheet true leaf;
(5) field planting and training: adopt high furrow zanjon mode field planting watermelon seedling, every mu of field planting 700-800 strain, spacing in the rows 33～35cm, line-spacing 2.5～3m takes two climing training types;
(6) bear fruit joint position of artificial pollination and control: carry out artificial supplementary pollination in flowering stage, control stays fruit joint position at 12～15 joints;
(7) rich water quality management: in time impose the fertile and swollen melon water of swollen melon in two weeks of back of bearing fruit 1～2 time, swollen melon is fertile to be executed for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and potash fertilizer mix, wherein the overall control of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is at 25～30kg, the overall control of potash fertilizer is at 12～15kg, the part by weight of the two is 1: 0.5, and swollen melon water is in time irritated in the back of at every turn topdressing; Wherein Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is for containing potassium nitrate or O
2The composite fertilizer of K, the ratio of its N: P: K is 15: 15: 15; Wherein potash fertilizer is 40%～60% potassium sulphate or potassium nitrate;
(8) canopy temperature control: in time aeration-cooling, night, day and night temperature was more than 10 ℃ at 18 ℃～20 ℃ at 22 ℃～35 ℃ daytime for control canopy temperature;
(9) timely collecting: when fruit ninety percent is ripe, gather.
2. the cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon according to claim 1 is characterized in that also will putting in order ground after growing seedlings, and makes little high furrow behind the whole ground, adopt high furrow zanjon mode to cultivate, furrow face width 4.5-5 rice, duplicate rows is to climbing, furrow width 40-50 centimetre, dark 30-40 centimetre.
3. the cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon according to claim 1 is characterized in that carrying out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
4. the cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon according to claim 3 is characterized in that when carrying out the medicament diseases prevention, and the high potassium foliage fertilizer with addition of 0.5% together sprays.
5. the cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon according to claim 1 is characterized in that should rationally controlling rich water in the cultivation process, and base manure is wanted Shaoshi or prohibited nitrogen fertilizer application, enriches phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer.
6. the cultivation method of dual-color ice cream watermelon according to claim 5 is characterized in that base manure is 2000～2500 kilograms of every mu of organic fertilizers, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40-50 kilogram, 30 kilograms of superphosphate.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972187A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-20 | 北海市种子管理站 | Method for planting and cultivation management of watermelons |
| CN104303744A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-01-28 | 湖南省西瓜甜瓜研究所 | Cultivation and management method for square watermelons |
| CN104303767A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-01-28 | 河北双星种业有限公司 | Method for cultivating watermelons and muskmelons in sunny caves |
| CN104521541A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-04-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | High-yield wax gourd cultivation method adopting close planting |
| CN105850720A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-17 | 铜陵东晟生态农业科技有限公司 | Watermelon cold greenhouse hybrid seed production technology |
| CN107750857A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-06 | 焦杰彪 | One improves the implantation methods of greenhouse watermelon quality |
| CN111480569A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-04 | 上海市农业科学院 | Seed breeding method for small-fruit watermelons |
-
2007
- 2007-11-16 CN CNA2007101704844A patent/CN101180934A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972187A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-20 | 北海市种子管理站 | Method for planting and cultivation management of watermelons |
| CN102972187B (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-06-25 | 北海市种子管理站 | Method for planting and cultivation management of watermelons |
| CN104303744A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-01-28 | 湖南省西瓜甜瓜研究所 | Cultivation and management method for square watermelons |
| CN104303767A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-01-28 | 河北双星种业有限公司 | Method for cultivating watermelons and muskmelons in sunny caves |
| CN104521541A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-04-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | High-yield wax gourd cultivation method adopting close planting |
| CN105850720A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-17 | 铜陵东晟生态农业科技有限公司 | Watermelon cold greenhouse hybrid seed production technology |
| CN107750857A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-06 | 焦杰彪 | One improves the implantation methods of greenhouse watermelon quality |
| CN111480569A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-04 | 上海市农业科学院 | Seed breeding method for small-fruit watermelons |
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Open date: 20080521 |