CN105265146A - Method for planting early-matured spring tomato - Google Patents
Method for planting early-matured spring tomato Download PDFInfo
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- CN105265146A CN105265146A CN201510692006.4A CN201510692006A CN105265146A CN 105265146 A CN105265146 A CN 105265146A CN 201510692006 A CN201510692006 A CN 201510692006A CN 105265146 A CN105265146 A CN 105265146A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting an early-matured spring tomato, comprising the steps as follows: (1) preparing a soil conditioner; (2) preparing a special insecticide; (3) facility conditions; (4) seed selection and seed treatment; (5) cultivating strong seedlings; (6) field planting; (7) cultivation and management; and (8) harvesting. By adopting the method for planting an early-matured spring tomato provided by the invention, the major problem concerning soil and disease and insect control in the process of tomato planting is solved, and the quality and yield of tomato output are improved. The method is suitable for popularization and application in large-scale vegetable plantations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, particularly a kind of spring early tomato implantation methods.
Background technology
Tomato (Tomato), another name tomato, tomato, ancient name persimmon in June, report of good news ternary.Originate in South America.Fruits nutrition enriches, tool flavour.There is weight-reducing, dispelling fatigue, improve a poor appetite, improve digestion to protein, reduce the effects such as gasteremphraxis dyspepsia.When eating tomato dietotherapy fat-reducing, the herbaceous plant that tomato (tomato) is product with ripe succulence berry.Every 100 grams of fresh fruit moisture contents about 94 grams, 2.5 ~ 3.8 grams, carbohydrate, 0.6 ~ 1.2 gram, protein, Catergen 0 ~ 30 milligram, and carotin, mineral salt, organic acid etc.
Along with applying of greenhouse cultivation technique, tomato becomes the normal dish on dining table throughout the year, the continuous expansion of tomato cultivation area, continuous cropping plantation is very general, especially under booth cultivation condition, the continuous cropping obstacle of tomato is very serious, disease occurs frequent, causes tomato yield and quality all significantly to decline.Tomato sequential cropping cultivation usually causes soil nutrient unbalance, and tomato growth is obstructed; Soil beneficial microbe population declines, and the quantity of pathogen accumulation increases, and soil infection disease increases the weight of.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the implantation methods of a kind of spring early tomato; solve the main soil of existence and the problem of diseases and pests controlling in tomato planting process; improve the Quality and yield of tomato output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of spring early tomato implantation methods, it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 10-15, wheat stalk 25-40, cushaw stem 5-8, straw 22-26, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, citric acid 3-4, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100;
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintaining boiling time 3-6h until percentage by weight datura flower: RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII: felwort: the coptis: purple perilla: thunder godvine: chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium: water is 2:3:3:1:1:3:5:8, now leaches solution and obtains the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, facility condition: with span 4.5 meters, long 50-60 rice, rise two furrow of 1.9 meters or span 6.3 meters, 60-80 rice, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels of rising 2.6 meters are advisable, covering with plastic film after two micro-irrigation flexible pipes is laid in furrow face, the apron film of high 60-80 ㎝ is set up in canopy both sides, in canopy, furrow insert arch bar by spacing 60 ㎝ and build Small plastic shed, need to cover Small plastic shed film, straw screen or mat gradually according to temperature treatment again, mulch film is with white without dripping as well, and canopy film is advisable without dripping long-lived high insulation multifunctional membrane with white.
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: select kind that is disease-resistant, good stress resistance, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, also ceaselessly 15min is stirred again with boiling hot kind of the hot water of about 55 DEG C, use Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h again, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, can sow;
Five, nurturing staff:
1, nutritive soil preparation
Generally in broadcasting front 1-2 month, do not plant the field soil of solanaceous crops, 30-40% through the proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of harmless treatment by 60-70%, every lm
3add 2-3kg superphosphate or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium again in Nutrition Soil, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
2, seedbed prepares
Every 667m
2cultivation field need sow seedbed 8-10 ㎡, sowing seedbed should before nursery 5-7 days, take seedling growth greenhouse and buckle film, clean out a drain, make the high furrow of wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm with Nutrition Soil, carefully harrow leveling, before sowing, water vola water.
7-10 days before point seedling, build point seedling booth and the vexed canopy of buckle film in time, furrow face in leveling canopy, pours into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube of about 10cm × 10cm and puts in furrow face, often arranges 13-15 alms bowl, and front and back are staggered arrangement, sternly crowded, every 667m
2cultivation field need alms bowl 4000-4500 processed, and point seedling canopy is about 1:10 with the area ratio of cultivation canopy.Or adopt the cave dish of 32-50 cave/dish, sequence in furrow face after filling organic substrate, make permeable rear preparation score seedling.
3, sow
Sowing time: extremely early mature can in mid-October, and general precocity can in mid or late November.
Every 667m
2cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g.
Spray bed surface with water, uniform broadcasting seed, and prior to seeding after thick with the prior nutritional drugs soil underlay upper cover 1cm prepared by every square meter seedbed 35g soil conditioner and 3g soil insecticide, then covering with plastic film, put up Small plastic shed and overlay film, night adds a cover straw screen or mat.
4, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, remove the mulch film that bed surface covers.
Seedling age 30-35 days, tool 2-3 sheet true leaf time, select fine day to divide seedling, limit lifting, limit is transplanted, limit waters, the cultivation seedling degree of depth is buried 1cm to cotyledonary node with Nutrition Soil and is advisable, and on point seedbed, insert arch bar build Small plastic shed and overlay film, night adds a cover straw screen or mat, close canopy 3-5 days, after slow seedling, enter thermophilic management.5-7 days low temperature hardenings under 13-15 DEG C of condition gradually before field planting.
Six, field planting
1, field planting prepares
Cultivation field should rise stubble as early as possible, deep ploughs behind clean rural area, and before field planting, deep ploughing is thin again harrows, and rake is ploughed in combination, every 667m
2use through fertilizer 2000-3000kg, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of harmless treatment, soil conditioner 35kg, loam mixes, harrow broken leveling, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8m, high 15-20cm, between furrow, reserve the operation ditch of wide 30-40cm simultaneously, use first insecticide of 2% to treat field planting evenly to spray strong sprout, the 7-10 days vexed canopies of scaffolding buckle film before field planting.
2, field planting operation
In early and middle ten days in January mid or late December to next year, selection has this varietal characteristic, tool 5-7 sheet true leaf, and leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, select successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 30cm × 45cm, and irrigate normal root water in time, the more flat cave of harmony root of earthing up.Last lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film put seedling in the ranks in furrow face, insert arch bar subsequently and build Small plastic shed and overlay film.
Seven, cultivation management:
1, warm and humid adjustment
Vexed canopy 3-5 days after field planting, recovers thermophilic management after slow seedling, namely daytime 23-28 DEG C, evening 15-18 DEG C.When the very night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, night added a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics on Small plastic shed.Along with temperature continues to decline, straw screen or mat should suitably be encrypted.Along with the rise gradually of temperature after the beginning of spring, suitably should ventilate in good time, keep thermophilic management, reduce air humidity in canopy.
2, Illumination adjusting
In conjunction with the adjustment of the environmental condition such as temperature, humidity, plan as a whole regulating illumination condition, guarantee the light application time of necessity every day as far as possible.Especially cold stage is overcast and rainy continuously, should be taken off the control of lid time, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible by straw screen or mat.
3, rich water is planned strategies for
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, be held in plant field planting to live after, just the fruit key point such as phase and swollen fruit phase implement to topdress.After alive of general field planting, every 667 ㎡ canopies ground chase after a tiller fertilizer with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5-6kg; Two fringes fruit seats surely after and swollen fruit to chase after twice swollen fruit mid-term fertile, general each every 667m
2execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10-15kg.In conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, mend in initial bloom stage blade face and execute the boron fertilizer of 0.2% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time of 0.2%.According to weather and field water holding situation, mend in swollen fruit blade face in mid-term and execute 1% superphosphate leachate 1-2 time.Watering in conjunction with topdressing, pouring water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after ventilation in time, reduce air humidity in canopy.Fruit enters green ripe stage and namely controls water control fertilizer.
4, Plant adjustment
Before plant height 25-30cm, ground floor inflorescence are open, insert in Rhizosphere Soil near plant trunk with height about 45cm thin bamboo, then save the binding of soft cord together under every fringe fruit, and arrange fruit ear in time.
Training is gone alone in general enforcement, and stay fruit failure to consider one dry half or other training types again, side shoot is extractd in time, after staying fruit 2-3 fringe, above the flower fringe of stem top, stays the pinching of 1-2 sheet leaf.In good time excision base portion is old, yellow, sick leaf, and takes out of and focus on.
5, Hua Liuguo is protected
After a Honoka has 2-3 opening; select safe plant growth regulator to go bail for this sequence flower and spend process; as with 0.11% rich dose of No. two aqua (8ml/ bag); according to 20 DEG C, 20-25 DEG C and more than 25 DEG C three temperature sections; one bag is watered 0.6kg, 0.75kg and 1.0kg respectively and makes treatment fluid and carry out dipping in flower or spraying decoration; treatment fluid is equipped with red pigment before treatment, to leave mark after process, avoids reprocessing.
When fixed of fruit ear, when fruit footpath reaches 1cm, 2-3 fruit is stayed in the first ear selection, and 3-4 fruit is stayed in the every ear selection in top, and extracts sick fruit, malformed fruit and unnecessary flowers and fruits as early as possible.
6, diseases and pests controlling
To the first Honoka period in bud after field planting, use second insecticide of 15-25% to spray plant trunk, within every 7-12 days, spray once; First Honoka is open between fruiting period, uses second insecticide of 22-35% to spray plant leaf and petal, within every 2-3 days, sprays once; Between result to picking time, use second insecticide of 12-18% to spray plant trunk and flowers and fruits, within every 2 days, spray once; Meanwhile, can adopt silverskin repellent, fly net intercepts, and colour table is trapped and killed, and the conventional meanses such as light trap carry out disinsection prophylaxis.
Eight, gather
In next year mid or late March to the initial stage in April, according to the market demand and transport road far and near, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and should secondary pollution be avoided in storage and transport process.
Gather and completely should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film in time, and use soil conditioner, soil insecticide processes farmland, every 667m
2cultivation field uses soil conditioner 100-120kg, soil insecticide 3kg, and agribusiness, the cooperative transformation of agriculture are organized and also should be completed and improve omnidistance No-harmful apple orchard record and statistics in time and to put on record work, and typing quality tracing system in time.
Proposed by the invention a kind of spring early tomato implantation methods, solve the problem of the main soil that exists and diseases and pests controlling in tomato planting process, improve the Quality and yield of tomato output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Embodiment
Spring early tomato an implantation methods, it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 10-15, wheat stalk 25-40, cushaw stem 5-8, straw 22-26, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, citric acid 3-4, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100;
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintaining boiling time 3-6h until percentage by weight datura flower: RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII: felwort: the coptis: purple perilla: thunder godvine: chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium: water is 2:3:3:1:1:3:5:8, now leaches solution and obtains the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, facility condition: with span 4.5 meters, long 50-60 rice, rise two furrow of 1.9 meters or span 6.3 meters, 60-80 rice, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels of rising 2.6 meters are advisable, covering with plastic film after two micro-irrigation flexible pipes is laid in furrow face, the apron film of high 60-80 ㎝ is set up in canopy both sides, in canopy, furrow insert arch bar by spacing 60 ㎝ and build Small plastic shed, need to cover Small plastic shed film, straw screen or mat gradually according to temperature treatment again, mulch film is with white without dripping as well, and canopy film is advisable without dripping long-lived high insulation multifunctional membrane with white.
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: select kind that is disease-resistant, good stress resistance, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, also ceaselessly 15min is stirred again with boiling hot kind of the hot water of about 55 DEG C, use Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h again, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, can sow;
Five, nurturing staff:
1, nutritive soil preparation
Generally in broadcasting front 1-2 month, do not plant the field soil of solanaceous crops, 30-40% through the proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of harmless treatment by 60-70%, every lm
3add 2-3kg superphosphate or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium again in Nutrition Soil, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
2, seedbed prepares
Every 667m
2cultivation field need sow seedbed 8-10 ㎡, sowing seedbed should before nursery 5-7 days, take seedling growth greenhouse and buckle film, clean out a drain, make the high furrow of wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm with Nutrition Soil, carefully harrow leveling, before sowing, water vola water.
7-10 days before point seedling, build point seedling booth and the vexed canopy of buckle film in time, furrow face in leveling canopy, pours into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube of about 10cm × 10cm and puts in furrow face, often arranges 13-15 alms bowl, and front and back are staggered arrangement, sternly crowded, every 667m
2cultivation field need alms bowl 4000-4500 processed, and point seedling canopy is about 1:10 with the area ratio of cultivation canopy.Or adopt the cave dish of 32-50 cave/dish, sequence in furrow face after filling organic substrate, make permeable rear preparation score seedling.
3, sow
Sowing time: extremely early mature can in mid-October, and general precocity can in mid or late November.
Every 667m
2cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g.
Spray bed surface with water, uniform broadcasting seed, and prior to seeding after thick with the prior nutritional drugs soil underlay upper cover 1cm prepared by every square meter seedbed 35g soil conditioner and 3g soil insecticide, then covering with plastic film, put up Small plastic shed and overlay film, night adds a cover straw screen or mat.
4, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, remove the mulch film that bed surface covers.
Seedling age 30-35 days, tool 2-3 sheet true leaf time, select fine day to divide seedling, limit lifting, limit is transplanted, limit waters, the cultivation seedling degree of depth is buried 1cm to cotyledonary node with Nutrition Soil and is advisable, and on point seedbed, insert arch bar build Small plastic shed and overlay film, night adds a cover straw screen or mat, close canopy 3-5 days, after slow seedling, enter thermophilic management.5-7 days low temperature hardenings under 13-15 DEG C of condition gradually before field planting.
Six, field planting
1, field planting prepares
Cultivation field should rise stubble as early as possible, deep ploughs behind clean rural area, and before field planting, deep ploughing is thin again harrows, and rake is ploughed in combination, every 667m
2use through fertilizer 2000-3000kg, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of harmless treatment, soil conditioner 35kg, loam mixes, harrow broken leveling, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8m, high 15-20cm, between furrow, reserve the operation ditch of wide 30-40cm simultaneously, use first insecticide of 2% to treat field planting evenly to spray strong sprout, the 7-10 days vexed canopies of scaffolding buckle film before field planting.
2, field planting operation
In early and middle ten days in January mid or late December to next year, selection has this varietal characteristic, tool 5-7 sheet true leaf, and leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, select successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 30cm × 45cm, and irrigate normal root water in time, the more flat cave of harmony root of earthing up.Last lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film put seedling in the ranks in furrow face, insert arch bar subsequently and build Small plastic shed and overlay film.
Seven, cultivation management:
1, warm and humid adjustment
Vexed canopy 3-5 days after field planting, recovers thermophilic management after slow seedling, namely daytime 23-28 DEG C, evening 15-18 DEG C.When the very night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, night added a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics on Small plastic shed.Along with temperature continues to decline, straw screen or mat should suitably be encrypted.Along with the rise gradually of temperature after the beginning of spring, suitably should ventilate in good time, keep thermophilic management, reduce air humidity in canopy.
2, Illumination adjusting
In conjunction with the adjustment of the environmental condition such as temperature, humidity, plan as a whole regulating illumination condition, guarantee the light application time of necessity every day as far as possible.Especially cold stage is overcast and rainy continuously, should be taken off the control of lid time, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible by straw screen or mat.
3, rich water is planned strategies for
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, be held in plant field planting to live after, just the fruit key point such as phase and swollen fruit phase implement to topdress.After alive of general field planting, every 667 ㎡ canopies ground chase after a tiller fertilizer with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5-6kg; Two fringes fruit seats surely after and swollen fruit to chase after twice swollen fruit mid-term fertile, general each every 667m
2execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10-15kg.In conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, mend in initial bloom stage blade face and execute the boron fertilizer of 0.2% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time of 0.2%.According to weather and field water holding situation, mend in swollen fruit blade face in mid-term and execute 1% superphosphate leachate 1-2 time.Watering in conjunction with topdressing, pouring water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after ventilation in time, reduce air humidity in canopy.Fruit enters green ripe stage and namely controls water control fertilizer.
4, Plant adjustment
Before plant height 25-30cm, ground floor inflorescence are open, insert in Rhizosphere Soil near plant trunk with height about 45cm thin bamboo, then save the binding of soft cord together under every fringe fruit, and arrange fruit ear in time.
Training is gone alone in general enforcement, and stay fruit failure to consider one dry half or other training types again, side shoot is extractd in time, after staying fruit 2-3 fringe, above the flower fringe of stem top, stays the pinching of 1-2 sheet leaf.In good time excision base portion is old, yellow, sick leaf, and takes out of and focus on.
5, Hua Liuguo is protected
After a Honoka has 2-3 opening; select safe plant growth regulator to go bail for this sequence flower and spend process; as with 0.11% rich dose of No. two aqua (8ml/ bag); according to 20 DEG C, 20-25 DEG C and more than 25 DEG C three temperature sections; one bag is watered 0.6kg, 0.75kg and 1.0kg respectively and makes treatment fluid and carry out dipping in flower or spraying decoration; treatment fluid is equipped with red pigment before treatment, to leave mark after process, avoids reprocessing.
When fixed of fruit ear, when fruit footpath reaches 1cm, 2-3 fruit is stayed in the first ear selection, and 3-4 fruit is stayed in the every ear selection in top, and extracts sick fruit, malformed fruit and unnecessary flowers and fruits as early as possible.
6, diseases and pests controlling
To the first Honoka period in bud after field planting, use second insecticide of 15-25% to spray plant trunk, within every 7-12 days, spray once; First Honoka is open between fruiting period, uses second insecticide of 22-35% to spray plant leaf and petal, within every 2-3 days, sprays once; Between result to picking time, use second insecticide of 12-18% to spray plant trunk and flowers and fruits, within every 2 days, spray once; Meanwhile, can adopt silverskin repellent, fly net intercepts, and colour table is trapped and killed, and the conventional meanses such as light trap carry out disinsection prophylaxis.
Eight, gather
In next year mid or late March to the initial stage in April, according to the market demand and transport road far and near, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and should secondary pollution be avoided in storage and transport process.
Gather and completely should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film in time, and use soil conditioner, soil insecticide processes farmland, every 667m
2cultivation field uses soil conditioner 100-120kg, soil insecticide 3kg, and agribusiness, the cooperative transformation of agriculture are organized and also should be completed and improve omnidistance No-harmful apple orchard record and statistics in time and to put on record work, and typing quality tracing system in time.
Proposed by the invention a kind of spring early tomato implantation methods, solve the problem of the main soil that exists and diseases and pests controlling in tomato planting process, improve the Quality and yield of tomato output, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Claims (4)
1. the spring early tomato an implantation methods, it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 10-15, wheat stalk 25-40, cushaw stem 5-8, straw 22-26, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, citric acid 3-4, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100;
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintaining boiling time 3-6h until percentage by weight datura flower: RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII: felwort: the coptis: purple perilla: thunder godvine: chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium: water is 2:3:3:1:1:3:5:8, now leaches solution and obtains the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, facility condition: with span 4.5 meters, long 50-60 rice, rise two furrow of 1.9 meters or span 6.3 meters, 60-80 rice, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels of rising 2.6 meters are advisable, covering with plastic film after two micro-irrigation flexible pipes is laid in furrow face, the apron film of high 60-80 ㎝ is set up in canopy both sides, in canopy, furrow insert arch bar by spacing 60 ㎝ and build Small plastic shed, need to cover Small plastic shed film, straw screen or mat gradually according to temperature treatment again, mulch film white is without dripping, and canopy film white is without dripping long-lived high insulation multifunctional membrane;
Four, seed selection and seed treatment: select kind that is disease-resistant, good stress resistance, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, also ceaselessly 15min is stirred again with boiling hot kind of the hot water of about 55 DEG C, use Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h again, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, can sow;
Five, nurturing staff:
1, nutritive soil preparation
Generally in broadcasting front 1-2 month, do not plant the field soil of solanaceous crops, 30-40% through the proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of harmless treatment by 60-70%, every lm
3add 2-3kg superphosphate or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium again in Nutrition Soil, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve;
2, seedbed prepares
Every 667m
2cultivation field need sow seedbed 8-10 ㎡, sowing seedbed should before nursery 5-7 days, take seedling growth greenhouse and buckle film, clean out a drain, make the high furrow of wide 1.2-1.3m, high 10-15cm with Nutrition Soil, carefully harrow leveling, before sowing, water vola water;
7-10 days before point seedling, build point seedling booth and the vexed canopy of buckle film in time, furrow face in leveling canopy, pours into Nutrition Soil with the nutritive cube of about 10cm × 10cm and puts in furrow face, often arranges 13-15 alms bowl, and front and back are staggered arrangement, sternly crowded, every 667m
2cultivation field need alms bowl 4000-4500 processed, and point seedling canopy is about 1:10 with the area ratio of cultivation canopy, or adopts the cave of 32-50 cave/dish to coil, and sequences, make permeable rear preparation score seedling after filling organic substrate in furrow face;
3, sow
Sowing time: extremely early mature can in mid-October, and general precocity can in mid or late November;
Every 667m
2cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g;
Spray bed surface with water, uniform broadcasting seed, and prior to seeding after thick with the prior nutritional drugs soil underlay upper cover 1cm prepared by every square meter seedbed 35g soil conditioner and 3g soil insecticide, then covering with plastic film, put up Small plastic shed and overlay film, night adds a cover straw screen or mat;
4, seedling management
During 50% seed sprouting, remove the mulch film that bed surface covers;
Seedling age 30-35 days, tool 2-3 sheet true leaf time, fine day is selected to divide seedling, limit lifting, limit are transplanted, water in limit, the cultivation seedling degree of depth is buried 1cm to cotyledonary node with Nutrition Soil and is advisable, and on point seedbed, insert arch bar build Small plastic shed and overlay film, night adds a cover straw screen or mat, close canopy 3-5 days, after slow seedling, enter thermophilic management, 5-7 days low temperature hardenings under 13-15 DEG C of condition gradually before field planting;
Six, field planting
1, field planting prepares
Cultivation field should rise stubble as early as possible, deep ploughs behind clean rural area, and before field planting, deep ploughing is thin again harrows, and rake is ploughed in combination, every 667m
2use through fertilizer 2000-3000kg, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg of harmless treatment, soil conditioner 35kg, loam mixes, harrow broken leveling, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.8m, high 15-20cm, between furrow, reserve the operation ditch of wide 30-40cm simultaneously, use first insecticide of 2% to treat field planting evenly to spray strong sprout, the 7-10 days vexed canopies of scaffolding buckle film before field planting;
2, field planting operation
In early and middle ten days in January mid or late December to next year, selection has this varietal characteristic, tool 5-7 sheet true leaf, leaf look dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, without strong sprout of damage by disease and insect, successive clear dayies are selected to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 30cm × 45cm, and irrigate normal root water in time, the flat cave of harmony of earthing up again root, finally lays micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film put seedling in the ranks in furrow face, insert arch bar subsequently and build Small plastic shed and overlay film;
Seven, cultivation management:
1, Illumination adjusting
In conjunction with the adjustment of the environmental condition such as temperature, humidity, plan as a whole regulating illumination condition, guarantee the light application time of necessity every day as far as possible, especially cold stage is overcast and rainy continuously, the control of lid time should be taken off by straw screen or mat, plant in the sufferable scope of low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible;
2, rich water is planned strategies for
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, be held in plant field planting to live after, just the fruit key point such as phase and swollen fruit phase implement to topdress, general field planting to live after every 667 ㎡ canopies ground chase after a tiller fertilizer with the amino acid active liquid fertilizer of 5-6kg; Two fringes fruit seats surely after and swollen fruit to chase after twice swollen fruit mid-term fertile, general each every 667m
2execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10-15kg, in conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, mend in initial bloom stage blade face and execute the boron fertilizer of 0.2% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time of 0.2%, according to weather and field water holding situation, mending in swollen fruit blade face in mid-term and execute 1% superphosphate leachate 1-2 time, watering in conjunction with topdressing, pour water and to be advisable with stain thoroughly and not, and topdress pour water after in time ventilation, reduce air humidity in canopy, fruit enters green ripe stage and namely controls water control fertilizer;
3, Plant adjustment
Before plant height 25-30cm, ground floor inflorescence are open, insert in Rhizosphere Soil near plant trunk with height about 45cm thin bamboo, then save the binding of soft cord together under every fringe fruit, and arrange fruit ear in time;
Training is gone alone in general enforcement, and stay fruit failure to consider one dry half or other training types again, side shoot is extractd in time, after staying fruit 2-3 fringe, above the flower fringe of stem top, stays the pinching of 1-2 sheet leaf, extracts that base portion is old, yellow, sick leaf in good time, and takes out of and focus on;
4, diseases and pests controlling
Adopt silverskin repellent, fly net intercepts, and colour table is trapped and killed, and the conventional meanses such as light trap carry out disinsection prophylaxis;
Eight, gather
In next year mid or late March to the initial stage in April, according to the market demand and transport road far and near, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and should secondary pollution be avoided in storage and transport process; Gather and completely should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film in time, and use soil conditioner, soil insecticide processes farmland, every 667m
2cultivation field uses soil conditioner 100-120kg, soil insecticide 3kg, and agribusiness, the cooperative transformation of agriculture are organized and also should be completed and improve omnidistance No-harmful apple orchard record and statistics in time and to put on record work, and typing quality tracing system in time.
2. a kind of spring according to claim 1 early tomato implantation methods, it is characterized in that cultivation management also comprises warm and humid adjustment, vexed canopy 3-5 days after field planting, recover thermophilic management after slow seedling, namely daytime 23-28 DEG C, evening 15-18 DEG C, when the very night, temperature was lower than 8 DEG C, night adds a cover straw screen or mat or non-woven fabrics on Small plastic shed, and along with temperature continues to decline, straw screen or mat should suitably be encrypted, along with the rise gradually of temperature after the beginning of spring, suitably should ventilate in good time, keep thermophilic management, reduce air humidity in canopy.
3. a kind of spring according to claim 1 early tomato implantation methods, it is characterized in that cultivation management also comprises and protect Hua Liuguo, after a Honoka has 2-3 opening, select safe plant growth regulator to go bail for this sequence flower and spend process, as with 0.11% rich dose of No. two aqua (8ml/ bag), according to 20 DEG C, 20-25 DEG C and more than 25 DEG C three temperature sections, one bag is watered 0.6kg, 0.75kg and 1.0kg respectively and makes treatment fluid and carry out dipping in flower or spraying decoration, treatment fluid is equipped with red pigment before treatment, to leave mark after process, avoid reprocessing; When fixed of fruit ear, when fruit footpath reaches 1cm, 2-3 fruit is stayed in the first ear selection, and 3-4 fruit is stayed in the every ear selection in top, and extracts sick fruit, malformed fruit and unnecessary flowers and fruits as early as possible.
4. a kind of spring according to claim 1 early tomato implantation methods, it is characterized in that diseases and pests controlling also comprises the scientific use of the second insecticide, to the first Honoka period in bud after field planting, use second insecticide of 15-25% to spray plant trunk, within every 7-12 days, spray once; First Honoka is open between fruiting period, uses second insecticide of 22-35% to spray plant leaf and petal, within every 2-3 days, sprays once; Between result to picking time, use second insecticide of 12-18% to spray plant trunk and flowers and fruits, within every 2 days, spray once.
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| CN112110771A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-12-22 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Soil additive for relieving continuous cropping obstacles, preparation method thereof and method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of tomato soil |
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| CN108887101A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-27 | 遵义甘陈缘农业发展有限公司 | A kind of method of the high effect culture and strong sprout of Hot Pepper Seedling |
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