CN103385072A - Method for early maturing culture of tomatoes in plastic-covered tunnel in spring - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for early maturing culture of tomatoes in a plastic-covered tunnel in spring, which comprises the following steps of 1, selection of varieties: fine varieties suitable for early maturing culture are selected; 2, seeding in optimum period: seeding is carried out in the first ten days of January; 3, early planting in optimum period: big seedlings and strong seedlings are planted in the middle ten days of March, which is the basis of early maturing; 4, application of growth regulator: the tomatoes are subjected to fruit retention and mulching culture, and if plants grow vigorously in the earlier stage, flowers and fruits drop more easily; 5, reasonable utilization of ethephon for ripening: as the temperature in spring is lower, the fruits are slowly ripened; and 6, management reinforcement: in order to come into the market earlier, promoting is primarily adopted in culture and management for promoting the growth and the development, but measures of 'hardening after promoting' and 'hardening during promoting' need to be taken. The method has the advantages that the plants grow in order, the yield is increased, and the plants are not easily infected with diseases, the grade of commodities is improved, disease prevention and continuous appearing on the market of products are favored, labor wasting and time wasting and premature senility of the tomatoes are avoided, and accordingly the economic benefit is improved.

Description

The method of a kind of tomato plastic tunnel in spring ealy maturing culture

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of tomato, the method for especially a kind of tomato plastic tunnel in spring ealy maturing culture.

Background technology

As everyone knows, the history of plantation tomato is longer, the eighties in 20th century, the kind of plantation was mainly No. 3, mao powder 802, western powder, and the nineties in 20th century, this kind was cultivated more than 10 year take L-402 as govern-house-variety, plant sexual involution, the plant growing way is uneven, production declining, coloring variation, malformed fruit increases, and plant easily catches an illness.On culture technique, planting density is too high, is unfavorable for diseases prevention, and the autumn and winter cultivation does not have the custom of application of organic fertilizers, easily early ageing, individual plant stay fruit few, and fruiting period is short, is unfavorable for that product goes on the market continuously, again grow seedlings after year, time-consuming, particularly New Year's Day, Spring Festival form out of stock.Limited because of facility, the product high efficiency, formed certain area effect,, so usually plantation has year after year so just caused undergrowth,, even use in a large number fertilizer, can not improve fully yet, and the growing point atrophy, newborn branches and leaves can not normal extension, causes tomato early ageing; Although it is not too strict that tomato requires soil condition, root growth impact larger, the unilateral application fertilizer of the oxygen content in soil on tomato, usually cause soil compaction, and the permeability of soil reduces, and root growth and development is bad, causes tomato early ageing.Perhaps some vegetable grower is in order to obtain as much as possible high yield, and disposable Term Fertilization is too much, causes soil concentration to increase, and root growth is obstructed, and causes tomato early ageing; Some vegetable grower often gets used to growing seedlings in advance, and before result, stubble has no harvest, and tomato seedling grows up to, after crops for rotation are vacateed, formed above the average age for marriage seedling, the excessive growth seedling, after field planting, impaired because of main root, adventive root is difficult to meet the absorption of crop to moisture and mineral salt, usually causes plants stems stalk hollow.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the method that a plant growing way is neat, can increase tomato plastic tunnel in the spring ealy maturing culture that output and plant be difficult for catching an illness; The commercial grade that can not only improve, be beneficial to diseases prevention, is beneficial to product and goes on the market continuously, and can avoid time-consuming and cause tomato early ageing, correspondingly increases economic efficiency.

Technical scheme of the present invention is being:

The method of this tomato plastic tunnel in spring ealy maturing culture consists of following steps:

1. variety adoption: the improved seeds that are suitable for ealy maturing culture have early disease-resistant 011, self sealing top type kind of Henan tomato of arrow of bronze; Also can select rouge and powder champion, Zheng's powder 008, Zheng's powder 908, No. five middle-late ripening varieties of Zheng's powder, stay 3～4 order Chi pinching, go alone the ealy maturing culture technology such as training, wide row dense planting, obtain almost with early-maturing variety, to go on the market simultaneously, and large and neat, the colory effect of fruit type;

2. proper seeding: in the early January sowing, if while adopting plastic tunnel to add little shed covering with plastic film cultivation, its sowing, setting date also can shift to an earlier date;

3. early field planting of optimum period: field planting mid-March seedlings, strong sprout are precocious bases; General 10 centimetres of ground temperature reach more than 10 ℃, but field planting when in canopy, mean temperature of air is stabilized in 5 ℃～8 ℃; The tomato seedling of having taken exercise is more low temperature resistant, and as adopting the cultivation of winter warm type monocline dough model material shed, because of this canopy good heat insulating, all can cultivate whole winter; For improving ground temperature, slow seedling growth, take to water dark water and plant during various shed field planting early, must guard against broad irrigation, and plastic mulching should take to water the ditch ridge method of spreading and sinking in;

4. apply growth regulator: fruit retention culture underglass tomato, the plant early growth is vigorous, easier fruit drop.The spirit of application tomato waits the somatotropin fruit retention, increases sternly, is one of the measure that must go in ealy maturing culture; To the excessive growth seedling that is thick with leaves, can spray chlormequat or potassium dihydrogen phosphate and suppress to nourish and grow, promote to bear fruit, or the inflorescence that will open immediately 3 left and right soaks flower with 30 mg/litre tomato spirits, pinching ahead of time in case of necessity after general 5 days flowers and fruits can all sit firmly; Fruit is sat rear batallion's health loose blade of joint of looking to wither and also can be made and sit the fruit of living and look larger and obtain high yield;

5. rationally utilize ethrel to accelerate the ripening: spring temperature is lower, and fruit is red ripe slower, can not need 500-1000 mg/litre ethrel and sprays and promote fruit red ripe;

6. strengthen management: in order to early go public, on cultivation management take short as main, enhancing development, but accomplish " will squat after short, in urging, crouching be arranged ", only in this way just can avoid excessive growth, robust growth, " crouching of urging to become reconciled " mainly embodies from the management of temperature raising insulation, liquid manure aspect.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

This present invention is the method method that a plant growing way is neat, can increase tomato plastic tunnel in the spring ealy maturing culture that output and plant be difficult for catching an illness; The commercial grade that can not only improve, be beneficial to diseases prevention, is beneficial to product and goes on the market continuously, and can avoid time-consuming and cause tomato early ageing, correspondingly increases economic efficiency.

Reduced humidity, made tomato growth more healthy and stronger; Reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect, reduced the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, also increased output simultaneously, improved economic benefit.The decline of planting density, prophase management is just much easier, reduces recruitment and applications of pesticide amount.Not only saved the frame material but also improved the ventilation and penetrating light environment in field, robust plant, disease reduces, and fruit color is good, and commodity rate is high.Not only reduced humidity in canopy, and improved ground temperature, even make tomato can bloom and bear fruit equally in the winter time, normal growth.Utilize tomato side shoot germination strong, side shoot is easily given birth to the characteristics of adventive root, and tomato is carried out ratooning, reduced the link of growing seedlings, the field planting of again growing seedlings, the launch phase can shift to an earlier date 20～30 days, early yield improves, and New Year's Day, Spring Festival are not out of stock, thereby have improved economic benefit.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

The method of this tomato plastic tunnel in spring ealy maturing culture consists of following steps:

1. variety adoption: the improved seeds that are suitable for ealy maturing culture have early disease-resistant 011, self sealing top type kind of Henan tomato of arrow of bronze; Also can select rouge and powder champion, Zheng's powder 008, Zheng's powder 908, No. five middle-late ripening varieties of Zheng's powder, stay 3～4 order Chi pinching, go alone the ealy maturing culture technology such as training, wide row dense planting, obtain almost with early-maturing variety, to go on the market simultaneously, and large and neat, the colory effect of fruit type;

2. proper seeding: in the early January sowing, if while adopting plastic tunnel to add little shed covering with plastic film cultivation, its sowing, setting date also can shift to an earlier date;

3. early field planting of optimum period: field planting mid-March seedlings, strong sprout are precocious bases; General 10 centimetres of ground temperature reach more than 10 ℃, but field planting when in canopy, mean temperature of air is stabilized in 5 ℃～8 ℃; The tomato seedling of having taken exercise is more low temperature resistant, and as adopting the cultivation of winter warm type monocline dough model material shed, because of this canopy good heat insulating, all can cultivate whole winter; For improving ground temperature, slow seedling growth, take to water dark water and plant during various shed field planting early, must guard against broad irrigation, and plastic mulching should take to water the ditch ridge method of spreading and sinking in;

4. apply growth regulator: fruit retention culture underglass tomato, the plant early growth is vigorous, easier fruit drop.The spirit of application tomato waits the somatotropin fruit retention, increases sternly, is one of the measure that must go in ealy maturing culture; To the excessive growth seedling that is thick with leaves, can spray chlormequat or potassium dihydrogen phosphate and suppress to nourish and grow, promote to bear fruit, or the inflorescence that will open immediately 3 left and right soaks flower with 30 mg/litre tomato spirits, pinching ahead of time in case of necessity after general 5 days flowers and fruits can all sit firmly; Fruit is sat rear batallion's health loose blade of joint of looking to wither and also can be made and sit the fruit of living and look larger and obtain high yield;

5. rationally utilize ethrel to accelerate the ripening: spring temperature is lower, and fruit is red ripe slower, can not need 500-1000 mg/litre ethrel and sprays and promote fruit red ripe;

6. strengthen management: in order to early go public, on cultivation management take short as main, enhancing development, but accomplish " will squat after short, in urging, crouching be arranged ", only in this way just can avoid excessive growth, robust growth, " crouching of urging to become reconciled " mainly embodies from the management of temperature raising insulation, liquid manure aspect.

Claims (1)

1. the method for a tomato plastic tunnel in spring ealy maturing culture, its feature consists of following steps:

1. variety adoption: the improved seeds that are suitable for ealy maturing culture have early disease-resistant 011, self sealing top type kind of Henan tomato of arrow of bronze; Also can select rouge and powder champion, Zheng's powder 008, Zheng's powder 908, No. five middle-late ripening varieties of Zheng's powder, stay 3～4 order Chi pinching, go alone the ealy maturing culture technology such as training, wide row dense planting, obtain almost with early-maturing variety, to go on the market simultaneously, and large and neat, the colory effect of fruit type;

2. proper seeding: in the early January sowing, if while adopting plastic tunnel to add little shed covering with plastic film cultivation, its sowing, setting date also can shift to an earlier date;

3. early field planting of optimum period: field planting mid-March seedlings, strong sprout are precocious bases; General 10 centimetres of ground temperature reach more than 10 ℃, but field planting when in canopy, mean temperature of air is stabilized in 5 ℃～8 ℃; The tomato seedling of having taken exercise is more low temperature resistant, and as adopting the cultivation of winter warm type monocline dough model material shed, because of this canopy good heat insulating, all can cultivate whole winter; For improving ground temperature, slow seedling growth, take to water dark water and plant during various shed field planting early, must guard against broad irrigation, and plastic mulching should take to water the ditch ridge method of spreading and sinking in;

4. apply growth regulator: fruit retention culture underglass tomato, the plant early growth is vigorous, easier fruit drop.The spirit of application tomato waits the somatotropin fruit retention, increases sternly, is one of the measure that must go in ealy maturing culture; To the excessive growth seedling that is thick with leaves, can spray chlormequat or potassium dihydrogen phosphate and suppress to nourish and grow, promote to bear fruit, or the inflorescence that will open immediately 3 left and right soaks flower with 30 mg/litre tomato spirits, pinching ahead of time in case of necessity after general 5 days flowers and fruits can all sit firmly; Fruit is sat rear batallion's health loose blade of joint of looking to wither and also can be made and sit the fruit of living and look larger and obtain high yield;

5. rationally utilize ethrel to accelerate the ripening: spring temperature is lower, and fruit is red ripe slower, can not need 500-1000 mg/litre ethrel and sprays and promote fruit red ripe;

6. strengthen management: in order to early go public, on cultivation management take short as main, enhancing development, but accomplish " will squat after short, in urging, crouching be arranged ", only in this way just can avoid excessive growth, robust growth, " crouching of urging to become reconciled " mainly embodies from the management of temperature raising insulation, liquid manure aspect.