CN103385076A - Greenhouse cultivation method of tomatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse cultivation method of tomatoes, which consists of the following steps of 1, selection of varieties: tolerant varieties with the advantages of cold resistance, shade resistance, fast growth, less leaves and high photosynthetic capacity in spring are selected; 2, seeding in optimum period: the growth period of tomatoes growing in a greenhouse is longer than that of tomatoes growing in open field from seeding to harvesting; 3, autumn and winter cultivation: greenhouse cultivation tomatoes which come into the market before and after Spring Festival are cultivated; 4, overwintering cultivation: the seeding date is generally at the beginning of September; and 5, winter and spring cultivation: greenhouse cultivation is carried out on tomatoes which are harvested in spring. Seedlings are completely raised in a greenhouse or a hotbed in a freezing season, if the temperature condition of the greenhouse is good, and the average temperature in the daytime can be enabled to be about 25 DEG C, sparse seeding can be generally carried out, seedling separating is not needed, proper bacteria thinning out is performed, the seedling stage is 30-40 days, and early planting is performed when six to seven main leaves grow out; and if the seedlings are seeded in the hotbed, seedling separating can be carried out for saving protecting equipment, and the seedling stage is prolonged to 70-80 days, so that early harvesting in spring can be ensured, and grow seedlings can be flexibly seeded in various regions. The method has the advantages that the plants grow in order, the yield is increased, and the plants are not easily infected with diseases, the grade of commodities is improved, disease prevention and continuous appearing on the market of products are favored, labor wasting and time wasting and premature senility of the tomatoes are avoided, and accordingly the economic benefit is improved.

Description

A kind of method of tomato greenhouse culture

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of tomato, especially a kind of method of tomato greenhouse culture.

Background technology

As everyone knows, the history of plantation tomato is longer, the eighties in 20th century, the kind of plantation was mainly No. 3, mao powder 802, western powder, and the nineties in 20th century, this kind was cultivated more than 10 year take L-402 as govern-house-variety, plant sexual involution, the plant growing way is uneven, production declining, coloring variation, malformed fruit increases, and plant easily catches an illness.On culture technique, planting density is too high, is unfavorable for diseases prevention, and the autumn and winter cultivation does not have the custom of application of organic fertilizers, easily early ageing, individual plant stay fruit few, and fruiting period is short, is unfavorable for that product goes on the market continuously, again grow seedlings after year, time-consuming, particularly New Year's Day, Spring Festival form out of stock.Limited because of facility, the product high efficiency, formed certain area effect,, so usually plantation has year after year so just caused undergrowth,, even use in a large number fertilizer, can not improve fully yet, and the growing point atrophy, newborn branches and leaves can not normal extension, causes tomato early ageing; Although it is not too strict that tomato requires soil condition, root growth impact larger, the unilateral application fertilizer of the oxygen content in soil on tomato, usually cause soil compaction, and the permeability of soil reduces, and root growth and development is bad, causes tomato early ageing.Perhaps some vegetable grower is in order to obtain as much as possible high yield, and disposable Term Fertilization is too much, causes soil concentration to increase, and root growth is obstructed, and causes tomato early ageing; Some vegetable grower often gets used to growing seedlings in advance, and before result, stubble has no harvest, and tomato seedling grows up to, after crops for rotation are vacateed, above the average age for marriage seedling, excessive growth seedling have been formed, after field planting, impaired because of main root, adventive root is difficult to meet the absorption of crop to moisture and mineral salt, usually causes plants stems stalk hollow.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the method that a plant growing way is neat, can increase the tomato greenhouse culture that output and plant be difficult for catching an illness; The commercial grade that can not only improve, be beneficial to diseases prevention, is beneficial to product and goes on the market continuously, and can avoid time-consuming and cause tomato early ageing, correspondingly increases economic efficiency.

Technical scheme of the present invention is being:

The method of this tomato greenhouse culture consists of following steps:

1. variety adoption: select cold-resistant, anti-the moon, growth is fast, blade is few, the strong disease tolerant variety of photosynthetic capacity in spring.As Zheng's powder 008, Henan tomato No., No. four, Zheng's powder, disease-resistant 011, rouge and powder champion, pink tomato variety of spring;

2. proper seeding: greenhouse tomato is longer than general open country from being seeded into the breeding time of gathering; With regard to middle-late ripening variety, the outdoor cropping in spring is gathered minimum need about 100 days from being seeded into, but the minimum need of greenhouse culture are more than 120 days;

3. autumn and winter cultivation: delay the greenhouse culture tomato of listing around the Spring Festival, in planted in fall, seedling stage is high because of temperature, and growth is fast,, as Henan tomato No., No. four, disease-resistant 011, Zheng's powder, generally in mid or late August, sows; The late varieties such as rouge and powder champion again early sowing 10 days to first quarter moon; Though this moment the hot summer mistake, outside air temperature is still high, with seed disinfection, vernalization, whole good furrow, after watering sufficient water, sows, earthing, went out to grow sturdily in general 2～3 days; Pull out paired after emerging and cross close stand, with asking seedling, final singling during to 5～6 centimeter square, have 7～8 true leaves and get final product field planting with growth, and grow seedlings early autumn, do not need cold bed,, so do not divide seedling, can reduce and hinder root, alleviates morbidity;

4. overwintering cultivation: date of seeding, is generally at the beginning of 9 months.This moment, weather turned cool, the mid or late October before and after field planting when arrive frost season; As start to use Cold frame from sowing, temperature is higher, and date of seeding can be a little later; Only with cold bed, divide seedling, or all adopt open country grow seedlings also can, but at the beginning of date of seeding can arrive by the end of August or 9 months ahead of time;

5. Winter-Spring cultivation: be the greenhouse culture of gathering spring.Grow seedlings in the greenhouse of severe cold season or hotbed fully, as good in the greenhouse heat-insulating condition, can guarantee 25 ℃ of left and right of mean temperature of air daytime, but general light seeding, regardless of seedling, carry out suitably between bacterium, in 30～40 days seedling stages, suitably early plant during 6～7 true leaves; As sowing in hotbed,, for saving protection equipment, can divide seedling, extend to 70～80 days seedling stage, guarantees early to receive in spring, and various places are seeding and seedling raising flexibly.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

This present invention is the method that a plant growing way is neat, can increase the tomato greenhouse culture that output and plant be difficult for catching an illness; The commercial grade that can not only improve, be beneficial to diseases prevention, is beneficial to product and goes on the market continuously, and can avoid time-consuming and cause tomato early ageing, correspondingly increases economic efficiency.

Reduced humidity, made tomato growth more healthy and stronger; Reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect, reduced the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, also increased output simultaneously, improved economic benefit.The decline of planting density, prophase management is just much easier, reduces recruitment and applications of pesticide amount.Not only saved the frame material but also improved the ventilation and penetrating light environment in field, robust plant, disease reduces, and fruit color is good, and commodity rate is high.Not only reduced humidity in canopy, and improved ground temperature, even make tomato can bloom and bear fruit equally in the winter time, normal growth.Utilize tomato side shoot germination strong, side shoot is easily given birth to the characteristics of adventive root, and tomato is carried out ratooning, reduced the link of growing seedlings, the field planting of again growing seedlings, the launch phase can shift to an earlier date 20～30 days, early yield improves, and New Year's Day, Spring Festival are not out of stock, thereby have improved economic benefit.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

The method of this tomato greenhouse culture consists of following steps:

1. variety adoption: select cold-resistant, anti-the moon, growth is fast, blade is few, the strong disease tolerant variety of photosynthetic capacity in spring.As Zheng's powder 008, Henan tomato No., No. four, Zheng's powder, disease-resistant 011, rouge and powder champion, pink tomato variety of spring;

2. proper seeding: greenhouse tomato is longer than general open country from being seeded into the breeding time of gathering; With regard to middle-late ripening variety, the outdoor cropping in spring is gathered minimum need about 100 days from being seeded into, but the minimum need of greenhouse culture are more than 120 days;

3. autumn and winter cultivation: delay the greenhouse culture tomato of listing around the Spring Festival, in planted in fall, seedling stage is high because of temperature, and growth is fast,, as Henan tomato No., No. four, disease-resistant 011, Zheng's powder, generally in mid or late August, sows; The late varieties such as rouge and powder champion again early sowing 10 days to first quarter moon; Though this moment the hot summer mistake, outside air temperature is still high, with seed disinfection, vernalization, whole good furrow, after watering sufficient water, sows, earthing, went out to grow sturdily in general 2～3 days; Pull out paired after emerging and cross close stand, with asking seedling, final singling during to 5～6 centimeter square, have 7～8 true leaves and get final product field planting with growth, and grow seedlings early autumn, do not need cold bed,, so do not divide seedling, can reduce and hinder root, alleviates morbidity;

4. overwintering cultivation: date of seeding, is generally at the beginning of 9 months.This moment, weather turned cool, the mid or late October before and after field planting when arrive frost season; As start to use Cold frame from sowing, temperature is higher, and date of seeding can be a little later; Only with cold bed, divide seedling, or all adopt open country grow seedlings also can, but at the beginning of date of seeding can arrive by the end of August or 9 months ahead of time;

5. Winter-Spring cultivation: be the greenhouse culture of gathering spring.Grow seedlings in the greenhouse of severe cold season or hotbed fully, as good in the greenhouse heat-insulating condition, can guarantee 25 ℃ of left and right of mean temperature of air daytime, but general light seeding, regardless of seedling, carry out suitably between bacterium, in 30～40 days seedling stages, suitably early plant during 6～7 true leaves; As sowing in hotbed,, for saving protection equipment, can divide seedling, extend to 70～80 days seedling stage, guarantees early to receive in spring, and various places are seeding and seedling raising flexibly.

Claims (1)

1. the method for a tomato greenhouse culture, its feature consists of following steps:

1. variety adoption: select cold-resistant, anti-the moon, growth is fast, blade is few, the strong disease tolerant variety of photosynthetic capacity in spring

As Zheng's powder 008, Henan tomato No., No. four, Zheng's powder, disease-resistant 011, rouge and powder champion, pink tomato variety of spring;

2. proper seeding: greenhouse tomato is longer than general open country from being seeded into the breeding time of gathering; With regard to middle-late ripening variety, the outdoor cropping in spring is gathered minimum need about 100 days from being seeded into, but the minimum need of greenhouse culture are more than 120 days;

3. autumn and winter cultivation: delay the greenhouse culture tomato of listing around the Spring Festival, in planted in fall, seedling stage is high because of temperature, and growth is fast,, as Henan tomato No., No. four, disease-resistant 011, Zheng's powder, generally in mid or late August, sows; The late varieties such as rouge and powder champion again early sowing 10 days to first quarter moon; Though this moment the hot summer mistake, outside air temperature is still high, with seed disinfection, vernalization, whole good furrow, after watering sufficient water, sows, earthing, went out to grow sturdily in general 2～3 days; Pull out paired after emerging and cross close stand, with asking seedling, final singling during to 5～6 centimeter square, have 7～8 true leaves and get final product field planting with growth, and grow seedlings early autumn, do not need cold bed,, so do not divide seedling, can reduce and hinder root, alleviates morbidity;

4. overwintering cultivation: date of seeding, is generally at the beginning of 9 months.This moment, weather turned cool, the mid or late October before and after field planting when arrive frost season; As start to use Cold frame from sowing, temperature is higher, and date of seeding can be a little later; Only with cold bed, divide seedling, or all adopt open country grow seedlings also can, but at the beginning of date of seeding can arrive by the end of August or 9 months ahead of time;

5. Winter-Spring cultivation: be the greenhouse culture of gathering spring.Grow seedlings in the greenhouse of severe cold season or hotbed fully, as good in the greenhouse heat-insulating condition, can guarantee 25 ℃ of left and right of mean temperature of air daytime, but general light seeding, regardless of seedling, carry out suitably between bacterium, in 30～40 days seedling stages, suitably early plant during 6～7 true leaves; As sowing in hotbed,, for saving protection equipment, can divide seedling, extend to 70～80 days seedling stage, guarantees early to receive in spring, and various places are seeding and seedling raising flexibly.