CN110754235A - High-position grafting and cultivating method for passion flower in field - Google Patents
High-position grafting and cultivating method for passion flower in field Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for field high-position grafting of passion fruit, which comprises the steps of taking a primary passion fruit plant as a stock, enabling a secondary branch vine of the stock plant to grow to 10-15cm, reserving a side bud, grafting at a position 3-5cm away from the side bud, selecting a scion with the length of 3-4cm, cutting off 2/3-3/4 of each leaf, grafting after beveling a grafting opening, winding and fixing a grafting film after grafting, and sleeving a light-transmitting film bag. According to the method for field high-position grafting of passion fruit, disclosed by the invention, the original passion fruit with strong resistance is planted in a field, and the scions of the passion fruit planted on a shelf are grafted on the secondary branch tendrils, so that the occurrence of stem base rot can be effectively reduced, perennial root planting is realized, the vegetative growth period of the plants is shortened, the plants bloom and bear fruits early, and the high yield of premature products is promoted. By using the high-position grafting method, the incidence rate of the stem base rot of the passion flower in the second year of planting can be reduced to 0-1%, and the passion flower can be continuously cultivated for many years. The high-position grafting of the stock seedling can bloom 15-20 days earlier than the conventional grafting seedling transplantation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of passion flower cultivation, in particular to a passion flower high-position grafting and cultivation method in a field.
Background
Passion fruit, also known as passion fruit, passion fruit and passion fruit, is sour, sweet and delicious in fruit juice, has the compound fragrance of a plurality of fruits such as pineapples, bananas, lemons, apples and the like, is commonly used for fresh food and fruit juice processing, and is known as the king of fruit juice. Taiwan, Fujian, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places in China are all cultivated. The cultivars mainly include passion fruit, passion fruit and their hybrids. However, the production of passion flower is increasingly harmed by passion flower diseases, wherein the base rot of passion flower is the main disease, and the damage to the main cultivar in production is serious. At present, the main method for preventing and treating the stem base rot not only adopts a medicament for preventing and treating, but also takes the passion fruit variety with strong resistance to the stem base rot as a stock, and the cultivar is used as a scion for grafting, thereby having certain effect on reducing the incidence rate of the stem base rot. However, in the grafting method adopted in production, due to the fact that the stock is too short, stem base rot still can explode in a large scale under the conditions that medicament prevention measures are not in place, orchards are shaded and the like, and perennial cultivation is difficult to carry out under most conditions.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for field high-position grafting of passion flower, so as to overcome the defect of high incidence rate of passion flower stem basal rot.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating passion fruit to increase the yield of passion fruit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for high-position grafting of passion flower in a field, which comprises the steps of taking a native yellow fruit passion flower plant as a stock, enabling a secondary branch vine of the stock plant to grow to 10-15cm, reserving a lateral bud, grafting at a position 3-5cm away from the lateral bud, selecting a scion with the length of 3-4cm, cutting off 2/3-3/4 of each leaf, grafting after beveling a grafting opening, winding and fixing a grafting film after grafting, and sleeving a transparent film bag.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the angle of the graft openings is 40-50 °.
A cultivation method of passion flower uses the grafting method to carry out grafting.
A method for cultivating passion flower comprises the following steps:
(1) stock cultivation: selecting passion fruit as a stock, and cultivating the stock in a seedling culture medium;
(2) and stock transplanting management: growing the stock plant to 70-80cm, transplanting the stock plant to a field, and periodically erasing lateral buds until a plant produces secondary vines;
(3) grafting: the second-level branch tendrils of the stock plants grow to 10-15cm, a lateral bud is reserved, grafting is carried out at the position 3-5cm away from the lateral bud, the scion length is selected to be 3-4cm, 2/3-3/4 of each leaf is cut off, grafting is carried out after the graft port is obliquely cut, a grafting film is used for winding and fixing after grafting, and then a transparent film bag is sleeved;
(4) and (3) management after grafting: after grafting survives, the transparent film bag is picked off, lateral buds on the rootstock are wiped off, and 800-fold liquid high-nitrogen type water-soluble compound fertilizer is sprayed for 3-4 times every 7-10 days.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the stock cultivation in the step (1) is to select native yellow fruit seeds for sowing, to sow the seeds in a seedling substrate, and to arrange a support rod near the plants.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the seedling substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: peat soil and perlite, wherein the volume ratio of the mixture of the peat soil and the perlite is 7-10: 1.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, after the rootstocks in the step (2) are transplanted, 2-6 primary branch vines are reserved on each plant, and 6-15 secondary branch vines are reserved on each primary branch vine.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, after grafting and bagging in step (3), opening the bag in the morning for half a day every 3-6 days.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the post-grafting management in step (4) includes: topdressing is carried out at the early growth stage, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruit development stage and 4 stages after fruit picking, and a strip-shaped ditch or annular ditch fertilization method is adopted and soil is covered.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the fertilizer applied in the topdressing period contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of the potassium is 1-3:1: 3-7.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method for field high-position grafting of passion fruit, disclosed by the invention, the original passion fruit with strong resistance is planted in a field, and the scions of the passion fruit planted on a shelf are grafted on the secondary branch tendrils, so that the occurrence of stem base rot can be effectively reduced, perennial root planting can be realized, the vegetative growth period of the plants can be shortened, the plants can bloom and bear fruits in advance, and the premature high yield can be promoted.
(2) The method for cultivating the passion flower by using the high-position grafting method can reduce the incidence rate of the stem base rot of the passion flower in the second year to 0-1 percent and can continuously cultivate the passion flower for many years. The high-position grafting of the stock seedling can bloom 15-20 days earlier than the conventional grafting seedling transplantation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the field high graft of passion flower according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.
Example 1
A method for cultivating passion flower comprises the following steps:
(1) stock cultivation: carrying out related experiments in Guangxi Nanning city, selecting robust and stem rot resistant primary yellow fruit seeds in 12 months of 2017, and sowing the seeds in peat: the proportion of perlite is 9: 1, planting in a greenhouse, after sprouting until the plant grows to 70-80cm, and tying bamboo poles to prevent the plant from lodging.
(2) Stock cultivation management: transplanting the rootstock into a field in the last 3 months of 2017, and raising a high ridge for planting during transplanting to avoid waterlogging damage to plants, wherein 20 jin of organic fertilizer is buried in each plant, and 1 jin of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer. And spraying sufficient root fixing water during transplanting. After transplanting, inserting bamboo poles beside the big seedlings to guide the branches and tendrils to climb onto the shed frame. Before the plant is put on shelf in the seedling stage, water and fertilizer management and weed prevention and control are paid attention to, the planting rows are covered with hay, grass prevention cloth is covered between the rows to prevent grass, and 1000 times of liquid high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is sprayed every 10 days after the plant survives to promote the vegetative growth of branches. The lateral buds are periodically erased, the plants are put on the shelf in 4-month middle ten days in 2017, 4 primary vines are reserved on each plant, and 10 secondary vines are reserved on each primary vine.
(3) The grafting method comprises the following steps: as shown in figure 1, a plurality of first-stage branch tendrils 2 are reserved on a main tendrils 1 of passion flower, a plurality of second-stage branch tendrils 3 are arranged on the first-stage branch tendrils 2, the second-stage branch tendrils 3 grow to 10-15cm, a lateral bud is reserved, and grafting is carried out at a position 3-5cm away from the lateral bud. Selecting strong Tainong No. 1 passionflower branch as scion, wherein the top bud and side bud are both available, the length of the scion is 3-4cm, each scion contains 1 bud, and cutting off 2/3 of each leaf. The grafting opening is obliquely cut at an angle of 40-50 degrees, the scion 4 is rapidly grafted after the grafting opening is cut, the grafting film is wound and fixed, and a transparent film bag 5 is sleeved on the grafting opening for preventing water from evaporating. Grafting is carried out on the mountains in the sun in the evening to obtain 15 plants.
(4) And (3) cultivation management after grafting: and opening the bag in the morning and ventilating for half a day every 5 days midway, taking off the plastic bag after the scion is grafted to survive, and taking care to regularly remove the lateral buds on the rootstock. The grafting survival rate is 96 percent. The peak of flowering is reached in 6 th last month of 2017, and the fruit is ripe in 7 th last month. Topdressing is carried out at the early growth stage of young shoots, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruit development stage and 4 stages after fruit picking, and the topdressing contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of potassium is 2:1: 4. Applying fertilizer in strip ditch and covering soil.
The incidence rate of the stem base rot of the passion flower cultivated by the method of the embodiment is 0% after two years of planting. The first annual output of 15 plants is 245 jin, and the second annual output is 283 jin.
Example 2
A method for cultivating passion flower comprises the following steps:
⑴ stock cultivation, namely, carrying out related experiments in south Ning city of Guangxi province, selecting strong and stem base rot resistant primary yellow fruit seeds in 1 st ten days of 2017, sowing the seeds in a seedling culture medium with a peat-perlite ratio of 9: 1, planting the seeds in a greenhouse, after sprouting, until the plant grows to 70-80cm, and paying attention to binding bamboo poles to prevent the plant from lodging.
⑵ stock cultivation management, transplanting the stocks in the field in 4 th ten days of 2017, raising a ridge for planting when transplanting, avoiding waterlogging damage to the plants, burying 20 jin of organic fertilizer in each plant, using 1 jin of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer, pouring enough root fixing water when transplanting, inserting bamboo poles beside the big seedlings after transplanting to guide branches to climb to a trellis, paying attention to water and fertilizer management and weed prevention and control before the plants are put on the trellis in the seedling stage, covering planting rows with hay, covering grass cloth and preventing grass in the rows, spraying 1000 times of liquid high nitrogen compound fertilizer every 10 days after the plants survive, promoting the nutritional growth of the branches, periodically erasing side buds, putting the plants in 5 th of 2017, reserving 4 primary branches for each plant, and reserving 10 secondary branches for each primary branch.
⑶ grafting method, as shown in figure 1, reserving a plurality of first-stage branch tendrils 2 on a main passion flower vine 1, arranging a plurality of second-stage branch tendrils 3 on the first-stage branch tendrils 2, growing the second-stage branch tendrils 3 to 10-15cm, reserving a side bud, grafting at a position 3-5cm away from the side bud, selecting strong-growing Tainong No. 1 passion flower branches as scions, wherein the top buds and the side buds can be selected, the scions are 3-4cm in length, each scion contains 1 bud, cutting off 2/3 of each leaf, beveling the grafting opening at an angle of 40-50 degrees, cutting the grafting opening, then rapidly grafting the scion 4, winding and fixing with a grafting film, sleeving a transparent film bag 5 for preventing water evaporation, grafting after mountains in the evening, and finally grafting 15 plants.
⑷ cultivation management after grafting, in which, the bag is opened and ventilated in the morning for half a day every 5 days midway, the plastic bag is picked after the scion is grafted to survive, the lateral bud on the stock is removed regularly, the grafting survival rate is 81%, the flowering peak is reached in 6 th day in 2017, the fruit is mature in 8 th day, the top dressing is carried out in the early growth stage of the young sprout, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruit development stage and 4 stages after fruit picking, the fertilizer is applied in the top dressing stage, the fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2:1:4, and the soil is covered by a strip ditch fertilizer application method.
The incidence rate of the stem base rot of the passion flower cultivated by the method of the embodiment is 0% after two years of planting. The first annual output of 15 plants is 190 jin, and the second annual output is 228 jin.
Comparative example 1
(1) Grafting method
Relevant experiments are carried out in Guangxi Nanning city, and primary yellow fruit seeds which grow robustly and resist stem basal rot are selected and sowed on peat: the proportion of perlite is 9: 1, planting in a greenhouse, and grafting Tainong No. 1 in the last 2 months of 2017 according to a conventional method. The temperature is adjusted to about 25 ℃ in the greenhouse, and the relative humidity of the air is 80-90%. When the plants grow to 20cm, the plants are out of nursery for planting.
(2) Transplantation management
And in last 3 months of 2017, transplanting the big seedlings into the field when the outdoor temperature is stable and is more than 15 ℃. High ridges or tree trays are formed for planting during transplanting, and the plants are prevented from waterlogging. 20 jin of organic fertilizer and 1 jin of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are buried in each plant as base fertilizer. Planting 15 plants, and spraying sufficient root fixing water during transplanting. After transplanting, inserting bamboo poles beside the big seedlings to guide the branches and tendrils to climb onto the shed frame. Before the plant is put on shelf in the seedling stage, water and fertilizer management and weed prevention and control are paid attention to, the planting rows are covered with hay, grass prevention cloth is covered between the rows to prevent grass, and 1000 times of liquid high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is sprayed every 10 days after the plant survives to promote the vegetative growth of branches. The lateral buds are periodically removed, the plants are put on the shelf in the last ten days of 5 months in 2017, 4 primary vines are reserved on each plant, and 10 secondary vines are reserved on each primary vine. In 2018, the peak of flowering is reached in 6-month middle ten days, and the fruit is ripe in 8-month middle ten days. Topdressing is carried out at the early growth stage of young shoots, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruit development stage and 4 stages after fruit picking, and the topdressing contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of potassium is 2:1: 4. Applying fertilizer in strip ditch and covering soil.
The incidence rate of the stalk base rot in the first year and the incidence rate of the stalk base rot in the second year are 0.1 percent and 36 percent respectively. The first annual output of 15 plants is 227 jin, and the second annual output is 165 jin.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for high-position grafting of passion flower in field is characterized in that a primary passion flower plant is used as a stock, a secondary branch vine of the stock plant grows to 10-15cm, a side bud is reserved, grafting is carried out at a position 3-5cm away from the side bud, the length of a scion is selected to be 3-4cm, 2/3-3/4 of each leaf is cut off, grafting is carried out after a grafting opening is obliquely cut, a grafting film is wound and fixed after grafting, and then a light-transmitting film bag is sleeved.
2. The method for high-order grafting of a passion flower field according to claim 1, wherein the angle of the graft cut is 40-50 °.
3. A method for cultivating passion flower, characterized in that grafting is carried out by using the grafting method as claimed in claim 1 or 2.
4. A method of growing passion flower according to claim 3, including the steps of:
(1) stock cultivation: selecting passion fruit as a stock, and cultivating the stock in a seedling culture medium;
(2) and stock transplanting management: growing the stock plant to 70-80cm, transplanting the stock plant to a field, and periodically erasing lateral buds until a plant produces secondary vines;
(3) grafting: the second-level branch tendrils of the stock plants grow to 10-15cm, a lateral bud is reserved, grafting is carried out at the position 3-5cm away from the lateral bud, the scion length is selected to be 3-4cm, 2/3-3/4 of each leaf is cut off, grafting is carried out after the graft port is obliquely cut, a grafting film is used for winding and fixing after grafting, and then a transparent film bag is sleeved;
(4) and (3) management after grafting: after grafting survives, the transparent film bag is picked off, lateral buds on the rootstock are wiped off, and 800-fold liquid high-nitrogen type water-soluble compound fertilizer is sprayed for 3-4 times every 7-10 days.
5. The passiflora edulis cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the step (1) of stock cultivation is that the original yellow fruit seeds are selected for sowing, the seeds are sowed in a seedling substrate, and support rods are arranged near the plants.
6. The passiflora edulis cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the seedling raising substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: peat soil and perlite, wherein the volume ratio of the mixture of the peat soil and the perlite is 7-10: 1.
7. The method for cultivating passion flower according to claim 4, wherein 2-6 primary vines are left in each plant after the rootstocks are transplanted in the step (2), and 6-15 secondary vines are left in each primary vine.
8. The method for cultivating passion flower according to claim 4, wherein after grafting and bagging in step (3), the bags are opened and ventilated for half a day in the morning every 3-6 days.
9. The method for cultivating passion flower according to claim 4, wherein the step (4) of post-grafting management comprises: topdressing is carried out at the early growth stage, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruit development stage and 4 stages after fruit picking, and a strip-shaped ditch or annular ditch fertilization method is adopted and soil is covered.
10. The method for cultivating passion flower according to claim 9, wherein the fertilizer applied during the topdressing period contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of the potassium is 1-3:1: 3-7.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112514743A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving breeding efficiency of passion fruit |
| CN114616992A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-14 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Passion fruit top grafting and head changing method and application thereof in character screening |
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| CN114616992B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-03-15 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | High-grafting head-changing method for passion fruits and application of high-grafting head-changing method in character screening |
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