CN109566403B - Method for producing seeds by hybridizing pumpkins in two seasons in one year - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing seeds of two-season pumpkin in one year by hybridization comprises the following steps: the crops are managed in summer and autumn in 3-7 months and 7-11 months; the two stages respectively comprise 6 steps of land preparation and transplantation, field management, artificial pollination, picking and seed taking. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the invention adopts a greenhouse and a small arched shed for seedling culture, achieves the effect of reducing the negative influence of high temperature or low temperature on the growth and development of the pumpkin by reasonably arranging crops for rotation and agronomic measures, thereby realizing the two-season production of the hybrid seed production of the pumpkin in one year. Compared with the conventional pumpkin seed production method, the method can be used for harvesting 15-20 days earlier in spring, and can also be used for obtaining high-quality pumpkin hybrid seeds with stable yield in summer and autumn.

Description

Method for producing seeds by hybridizing pumpkins in two seasons in one year

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant breeding, in particular to a pumpkin hybrid seed production method.

Background

The fructus Cucurbitae Moschatae is of Cucurbita of CucurbitaceaeGenus Cucurbita) The annual sprawl herbaceous plant has the history of about five hundred years in the cultivation of China, and since the nineties of the last century, the pumpkin is favored in the market by the extremely high nutritional value and functional characteristics, and along with the improvement of the economic level and the improvement of the life quality of China, the cultivation scale of the pumpkin is gradually enlarged, so that a wide market is provided for the hybrid seed production of the pumpkin.

The pumpkin is grown for about 100-120 days in the whole growth period, the optimal growth temperature is 15-30 ℃, the optimal fruit development temperature is 20-25 ℃, short sunshine is favored, female flowers begin to grow in 7-8 nodes of most varieties, and then the female flowers grow every 4-5 nodes, and the first female flower has small melon and few seeds no matter the maturity of the varieties is early and late, so that the first female flower needs to be picked off to ensure the normal development of the subsequent melon seeds; on the other hand, because the pumpkin root system has limited nutrient absorption capacity, the excessive quantity of the remained melons in a single plant easily causes fruit drop and poor development of the melon seeds, the number of the remained melons after pollination of the female parent is preferably 2-3, and the growth characteristics of different varieties are used as the standard. When the first fruit begins to develop, three or four melons produced later stop developing to turn into melons or fall buds, and the first melon must be harvested for several days to fruit, which is an intermittent phenomenon in production.

The south of the Yangtze river is located on the south of the Yangtze river, belongs to subtropical continental monsoon climate, is mild in climate, sufficient in illumination and sufficient in rainfall, and can only arrange pumpkin stubble in 3-8 months in the production history of local pumpkin hybrid seed production, on one hand, the temperature is too high in 7 and 8 months, the temperature can reach about 38 ℃ at most, the seedling stage is an important stage of flower bud differentiation, and the pumpkin is easy to form amphoteric flowers due to strong sunlight at high temperature, so that the pollination success rate and the fruit development are influenced; on the other hand, if the local pumpkin cultivation crops are arranged in summer and autumn, the pollination time is in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, 11 months are important periods for the development of the seed melons, and the local average temperature is 9-17 ℃ in 11 months, so that the seeds cannot be completely matured easily due to low temperature, and the seed production efficiency and yield are greatly reduced. In order to improve the seed production efficiency of pumpkins, local seed production enterprises can only produce pumpkins in spring, and crops are transferred to Hainan for seed reproduction in summer and autumn, so that the seed production cost is greatly increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems of arrangement and management of crop rotation for pumpkin hybrid seed production in the south of the Ehou province, and the application of the technology can not only shorten the seed production period and change the production history of one season of one year, but also greatly reduce the seed production cost.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for producing seeds of two-season pumpkin in one year by hybridization comprises the following steps:

the crops are managed in summer and autumn in 3-7 months and 7-11 months; the two stages respectively comprise 6 steps of land preparation and transplantation, field management, artificial pollination, picking and seed taking, and the specific steps are as follows:

s1, spring crop rotation sowing and seedling management:

the seeding of the female parent is carried out in a greenhouse in the last ten days of 3 months, the seeding time of the female parent is 10 days after the male parent is pushed, the quantity ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 10, the seeds are soaked for 0.5 hour at 55 ℃ before seeding, the seeds are taken out and wrapped by wet gauze, then the seeds are germinated in the dark at the constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24 hours, the seeds can be sowed in a hole tray after the seeds are exposed to the white, and the soil is covered for 0.5 cm; placing the plug on a seedbed, sleeving a small arched shed, preserving heat and moisture, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, growing seedlings in 7 days, lifting an arched shed film in the daytime, and covering the film at night;

s2.4 in the last ten days of the month, transplanting soil preparation:

when the pumpkin seedlings grow to have two leaves and one heart, the pumpkin seedlings are ready to be transplanted to open field; soil preparation is carried out 10 days before transplantation, 2000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer, the width of the compartment surface is 1.5 m, the depth of the ditch is 0.3 m, the width of the ditch is 0.4 m, and a fluorescent mulching film with the width of 1.8 m is covered after the compartment surface is leveled; periodically transferring the seedlings to the outdoor 7 days before transplanting, improving the stress resistance of the seedlings, and spraying by 600 times of 10% imidacloprid, 10-20 g per mu and 70% carbendazim to prevent plant diseases and insect pests; during planting, two lines are planted in each compartment, the planting distance is 0.6 m, the row distance is 1 m, and each 667 m²Planting 700-800 plants, and watering the planting water once after planting;

s3.4, from last ten days of month to middle 5 days of month, field management: 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the seedling condition and timely supplementing the seedlings; the pumpkin seedlings are planted and tied when the vines begin to stretch, the pumpkins bear fruits by the main branches, the side vines are more and easily consume nutrients, so that the female parent needs to be pruned for 1 time in 2-3 days, all the side vines are removed, and the male parent does not need to be pruned; in the period, the mixed plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics are removed in time, and especially the purity of the male parent is ensured to reach 100 percent; the pumpkin has less plant diseases and insect pests, the management aspect pays attention to bacterial angular leaf spot, powdery mildew and cabbage caterpillar, and the bacterial angular leaf spot can be alternately sprayed with medicaments such as 72 percent agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times liquid, 50 percent tacrolimus 1500 times liquid, 75 percent chlorothalonil 500 times liquid and the like for prevention and treatment; the powdery mildew can be controlled by spraying 2000 times of high-efficiency bactericide 20% triadimefon emulsion for 1 time every 7 days; the cabbage caterpillars can be controlled by chlorpyrifos, and 50mL per mu is uniformly sprayed;

s4.5, artificial pollination in late month: the male parent and the female parent begin to bud in 5 months and 10 days, and the optimal pollination period is from 5 months and 20 days to 5 months and 30 days; the pumpkin belongs to a male and female isofloric plant, so that a female parent is strictly emasculated in the seed production process, and the pumpkin is completely removed before male flowers bloom; covering the production area with an isolation net 10 days in advance to ensure no foreign pollen cross-flow; collecting male flowers at 5:00-6:00 am every morning during pollination, loading the male flowers into a plastic basket, smearing flower pillars of the male flowers on flower cores of female flowers, pollinating 2 female flowers in each male flower, pollinating 3-4 male flowers, completing pollination before 10 am, marking pollination, and timely removing non-pollinated melons and abnormal melons so as to avoid consuming nutrients; after pollination, the seed melons enter a mature period within 7-10 days, the tips of the planted vines are cut off, nutrition is converted to fruits, and 2 melons are left in each plant; according to the growth potential, topdressing 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu and timely irrigating water;

s5.7, sowing and seedling raising in late month-summer and autumn stubbles by parents: accelerating germination, sowing and seedling culturing in a greenhouse in the last 7 th day, wherein the sowing time of the female parent is 10 days later than that of the male parent, the number ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 10, the female parent is soaked for 0.5 hour at 55 ℃ before sowing, the seeds are taken out and wrapped by wet gauze, then the seeds are germinated for 24 hours in a constant temperature and dark environment at 30 ℃, the seeds can be sowed in a plug tray after appearing white, and the soil is covered for 0.5 cm; during the period, a sunshade net is covered, watering is carried out according to soil moisture content, ventilation and dehumidification are carried out in time, and the temperature difference between day and night is controlled to be 5-10 ℃;

s6.7, picking spring stubbles in late noon: selecting fine weather, when the whole body of the seed melon turns yellow, picking and storing in a cool and ventilated place when the planted vine is exhausted, aging for 20 days, and taking seeds after full after-ripening;

s7.7, transplanting in the late month of summer and autumn in soil preparation: pulling seedlings after picking the spring stubbles of the pumpkins, and applying base fertilizer to the whole land, wherein the specific method is the same as that of the spring stubbles; when the pumpkin seedlings grow to have two leaves and one heart, the pumpkin seedlings are ready to be transplanted to open field; periodically transferring the seedlings to the outdoor 7 days before transplanting, improving the stress resistance of the seedlings, and spraying by 600 times of 10% imidacloprid, 10-20 g per mu and 70% carbendazim to prevent plant diseases and insect pests; during planting, two lines are planted in each compartment, the planting distance is 0.6 m, the row distance is 1 m, and each 667 m²Planting 1000-1100 plants, and watering the planting water once after planting;

s8.8, in the last ten days of the month-spring crop seed picking: removing the melon seeds according to the shape of the melon before cutting and picking the melon seeds, airing the seeds in a shade place for 2-3 days after cleaning the seeds, and cleaning, bagging and warehousing the seeds when the water content of the seeds is controlled to be below 10%;

s9.8, from last ten days of month to middle 9 days of month, field management: 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the seedling condition, timely supplementing the seedlings, pruning and tying vines, removing the mixed plants and performing the disease and pest control in the same spring stubble; the suitable temperature for the pumpkin growth is 18-32 ℃, and the pumpkin reproductive growth is facilitated by reducing the temperature and strong illumination; in summer and autumn, a sunshade net is required to be covered at a high temperature period, and more water is properly added when the temperature is reduced in the afternoon;

s10.9 in middle of the month-artificial pollination: the optimal pollination period of the male parent and the female parent is 9 months and 12 days to 9 months and 25 days; covering all production areas with isolation nets 10 days in advance to ensure no foreign pollen to cross flowers, covering with sunshade nets in time during production in summer and autumn, and watering at proper time to reduce temperature to facilitate normal differentiation of male flowers and female flowers; the optimal pollination temperature of the pumpkin is 25-28 ℃, and the prevention of the formation of amphoteric flowers caused by high temperature is the key of seed production in summer and autumn; the spring stubble is specifically operated during pollination; after pollination, the tender melons enter a mature period within 7-10 days, the tips of the planted vines are cut off, the nutrition is converted to fruits, and 2 melons are left in each plant; according to the growth potential, topdressing 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu and timely irrigating water;

s11.10 late month-picking: selecting fine weather, picking and storing in a cool and ventilated place when the whole pumpkin fruits turn yellow and the planted tendrils are exhausted, aging for 20 days, and taking seeds after the pumpkin fruits are fully matured;

s12.11, in the middle of the month, seed taking: removing the melon seeds according to the shape of the melon before cutting and picking the melon seeds, airing the seeds in a shade place for 2-3 days after cleaning the seeds, and cleaning, bagging and warehousing the seeds when the water content of the seeds is controlled to be below 10%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the invention adopts a greenhouse and a small arched shed for seedling culture, achieves the effect of reducing the negative influence of high temperature or low temperature on the growth and development of the pumpkin by reasonably arranging crops for rotation and agronomic measures, thereby realizing the two-season production of the hybrid seed production of the pumpkin in one year. Compared with the conventional pumpkin seed production method, the method can be used for harvesting 15-20 days earlier in spring, and can also be used for obtaining high-quality pumpkin hybrid seeds with stable yield in summer and autumn.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to specific examples below:

the first embodiment is as follows:

3 last ten days of month-soil preparation: selecting a plot which is fertile in soil and can be irrigated and drained, applying base fertilizer in the soil preparation before sowing, applying 2000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer in each mu as the base fertilizer, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 1.5 m, the depth of the ditch is 0.3 m, the width of the ditch is 0.4 m, and the compartment surface is covered with a fluorescent mulching film with the width of 1.8 m after being leveled.

Last ten days of 4 months-seeding and seedling raising by parents: directly sowing the seeds in the open field, wherein the number ratio of the female parent to the male parent is 1: 10. the sowing mode is dibbling on the film, the plant spacing is 0.6 m, the row spacing is 1 m, and each 667 m²Planting 1000-plus 1100 plants, sowing the seeds about 2 cm deep, covering the seeds with soil, checking the conditions of the seedlings after the seedlings emerge, and timely replenishing the seedlings. And (4) controlling water and fertilizer in the seedling stage to avoid excessive growth of seedlings.

4, middle and last ten months of month to 5, field management: the pumpkin seedlings are inserted and tied when extending the vines, the pumpkins grow on the main branches, the lateral vines are more and the nutrients are easily consumed, so that the female parent needs to pick off the lateral vines in 2-3 days, and the male parent does not need to prune. During the period, the hybrid plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics are removed, and especially the purity of the male parent is ensured to reach 100 percent. The pumpkin has less plant diseases and insect pests, the management aspect pays attention to bacterial angular leaf spot, powdery mildew and cabbage caterpillar, and the bacterial angular leaf spot can be alternately sprayed with medicaments such as 72 percent agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times liquid, 50 percent tacrolimus 1500 times liquid, 75 percent chlorothalonil 500 times liquid and the like for prevention and treatment; the powdery mildew can be controlled by spraying 2000 times of high-efficiency bactericide 20% triadimefon emulsion for 1 time every 7 days; the cabbage caterpillars can be controlled by chlorpyrifos, and 50mL per mu uniformly sprayed.

6 middle late month-artificial pollination: the optimal pollination period is from 30 days at 5 months to 15 days at 6 months, the production area is completely covered with an isolation net 10 days in advance, no foreign pollen is crossed, the female parent is strictly castrated in the seed production process, and all male flowers are removed before the male flowers are opened. Collecting male flowers at 5:00-6:00 morning every day during pollination, loading the male flowers into a plastic basket, smearing flower stems of the male flowers on flower cores of female flowers, pollinating 2-3 male flowers each, completing pollination before 10 am, marking pollination, and timely removing non-pollinated melons and other melons to avoid consuming nutrients. And (4) after pollination, the seed melons enter the mature period 7-10 days, and the tips of the planted vines are cut off to convert the nutrition to the fruits. According to the growth potential, 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land and irrigated in time.

Plucking in late 8 months: when the whole pumpkin fruit turns yellow and the planted tendrils are exhausted, the pumpkin fruits are picked in a sunny day, stored in a cool and ventilated place, aged for 20 days, and then harvested after being fully matured.

8 last ten days of month-seed collection: removing impurity melon according to shape of melon before picking, cleaning the seeds, drying in the shade for 2-3 days, and cleaning, bagging and warehousing when water content of seeds is controlled below 10%.

Example two:

last ten days of month-soil preparation: pulling seedlings after the pumpkin seed melons are picked in spring, preparing soil and applying base fertilizer, applying 2000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, applying 50 kg of compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer, wherein the width of a compartment surface is 1.5 m, the depth of a ditch is 0.3 m, the width of the ditch is 0.4 m, and the compartment surface is covered with a fluorescent mulching film with the width of 1.8 m after being leveled.

8 last ten days of the month-seeding and seedling raising by parents: directly seeding in open field, wherein the seeding time of the female parent is 10 days later than that of the male parent, the number ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 10. the sowing mode and the seedling management method are the same as the first embodiment.

From last 9 to middle 10 months-field management: mainly aims at pruning and tying vines, removing seedlings in time and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests. The specific method is the same as the first embodiment.

10 middle and late ten months-artificial pollination: the optimal pollination period of the male parent and the female parent is 10 months and 15 days to 10 months and 30 days, and the specific pollination method is the same as the embodiment I.

Plucking in late 11 months: the color of the seed melons can not be completely changed before and after 11 months and 30 days, the outdoor average temperature is reduced to 9-17 ℃, the seed melons are picked in sunny days and stored in shady and cool ventilated places, and the seeds are picked after being stored for 20 days.

12 middle and last ten days of the month-seed taking: removing impurity melon according to shape of melon before picking, cleaning the seeds, drying in the shade for 2-3 days, and cleaning, bagging and warehousing when water content of seeds is controlled below 10%.

Example three:

the technical scheme adopted by the invention mainly comprises two stages of crop rotation management in spring of 3-7 months and crop rotation management in summer and autumn of 7-11 months. The two stages respectively comprise 6 steps of seeding and seedling raising, soil preparation and transplantation, field management, artificial pollination, picking and seed taking, and the specific steps are as follows:

last ten days of 3 months-seeding and seedling raising by parents: the step is carried out in a greenhouse, the seeding time of the female parent is 10 days later than that of the male parent, the number ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: soaking seeds for 0.5 hour at 55 ℃ before sowing, taking out the seeds, wrapping the seeds with wet gauze, accelerating germination for about 24 hours at 30 ℃ in a constant temperature and in a dark place, sowing the seeds in a plug tray after the seeds are exposed to the white, and covering soil for 0.5 cm. Placing the plug on a seedbed, covering a small arched shed, keeping the temperature and moisture at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, growing seedlings in about 7 days, lifting the arched shed film in the daytime and covering the film at night.

4 last ten days of month-soil preparation and transplantation: and when the pumpkin seedlings grow to have two leaves and one heart, the pumpkin seedlings are ready to be transplanted to open field. Soil preparation is carried out 10 days before transplanting, 2000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer, the width of the compartment surface is 1.5 m, the depth of the ditch is 0.3 m, the width of the ditch is 0.4 m, and a fluorescent mulching film with the width of 1.8 m is covered after the compartment surface is leveled. The seedlings are periodically transplanted to the outdoor 7 days before transplantation, the stress resistance of the seedlings is improved, and 10 percent imidacloprid, 10-20 grams per mu and 600 times of 70 percent carbendazim are sprayed to prevent plant diseases and insect pests. During planting, two lines are planted in each compartment, the planting distance is 0.6 m, the row distance is 1 m, and each 667 m²Planting 800 plants 700-.

From last ten months to middle ten months of 4 months-field management: and 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the seedling condition and timely supplementing the seedlings. The pumpkin seedlings are planted and tied when extending the vines, the pumpkins bear fruits by the main branches, the side vines are more and easily consume nutrients, so that the female parent needs to be pruned for 1 time in 2-3 days, all the side vines are removed, and the male parent does not need to be pruned. During the period, the mixed plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics are removed in time, and especially the purity of the male parent is ensured to reach 100 percent. The pumpkin has less plant diseases and insect pests, the management aspect pays attention to bacterial angular leaf spot, powdery mildew and cabbage caterpillar, and the bacterial angular leaf spot can be alternately sprayed with medicaments such as 72 percent agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times liquid, 50 percent tacrolimus 1500 times liquid, 75 percent chlorothalonil 500 times liquid and the like for prevention and treatment; the powdery mildew can be controlled by spraying 2000 times of high-efficiency bactericide 20% triadimefon emulsion for 1 time every 7 days; the cabbage caterpillars can be controlled by chlorpyrifos, and 50mL per mu uniformly sprayed.

5 late month-artificial pollination: the male parent and the female parent begin to bud in about 5 months and 10 days, and the optimal pollination period is from 20 days in 5 months to 30 days in 5 months. Pumpkin belongs to a male and female isofloric plant, so a female parent is strictly emasculated in the seed production process, and all the pumpkin is removed before male flowers bloom. The production area is completely covered with an isolation net 10 days in advance, and no foreign pollen is guaranteed to cross flowers. Collecting male flowers at 5:00-6:00 morning every day during pollination, loading the male flowers into a plastic basket, smearing flower stems of the male flowers on flower cores of female flowers, pollinating 2 female flowers in each male flower, pollinating 3-4 male flowers, completing pollination before 10 am, marking pollination, and timely removing non-pollinated melons and abnormal melons so as to avoid consuming nutrients. And (4) after pollination, the seed melons enter the mature period 7-10 days later, the tips of the planted vines are cut off, the nutrition is converted to the fruits, and 2 melons are remained in each plant. According to the growth potential, 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land and irrigated in time.

Seeding and seedling growing for parents in summer and autumn in the last ten days of 7 months: accelerating germination, sowing and seedling culturing in a greenhouse in the last 7 th month, wherein the sowing time of the female parent is 10 days later than that of the male parent, and the quantity ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: soaking seeds for 0.5 hour at 55 ℃ before sowing, taking out the seeds, wrapping the seeds with wet gauze, accelerating germination for about 24 hours at 30 ℃ in a constant temperature and in a dark place, sowing the seeds in a plug tray after the seeds are exposed to the white, and covering soil for 0.5 cm. During the period, a sunshade net is covered, watering is carried out according to soil moisture content, ventilation and dehumidification are carried out in time, and the day and night temperature difference is controlled to be between 5 and 10 ℃.

Picking spring stubbles in late 7 months: selecting fine weather, when the whole body of the seed melon turns yellow, when the plant tendrils are exhausted, picking and storing in a cool and ventilated place, aging for 20 days, and taking the seeds after full after-ripening.

Late 7 months-soil preparation and transplantation in summer and autumn: after picking, pulling seedlings, and applying base fertilizer to the whole land, the method is the same as that for spring stubbles. And when the pumpkin seedlings grow to have two leaves and one heart, the pumpkin seedlings are ready to be transplanted to open field. The seedlings are periodically transplanted to the outdoor 7 days before transplantation, the stress resistance of the seedlings is improved, and 10 percent imidacloprid, 10-20 grams per mu and 600 times of 70 percent carbendazim are sprayed to prevent plant diseases and insect pests. During planting, two lines are planted in each compartment, the planting distance is 0.6 m, the row distance is 1 m, and each 667 m²Planting 1000-1100 plants, and watering the planting water once after planting.

In the last ten days of 8 months-seed is taken from spring stubbles: removing impurity melon according to shape before cutting melon, cleaning seed, drying in the shade for 2-3 days, and selecting, bagging and storing when water content of seed is below 10%.

From 8 last ten months to 9 middle ten months-field management: and 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the seedling condition, timely supplementing the seedlings, pruning and tying vines, removing the mixed plants and performing the specific method of pest control in the same spring. The suitable temperature for pumpkin growth is 18-32 ℃, and the pumpkin reproductive growth is facilitated by reducing the temperature and strong illumination. In summer and autumn, a sunshade net is required to be covered at high temperature, and more water is properly added when the temperature drops in the afternoon.

9 in middle of the month-artificial pollination: the optimal pollination period of the parents is 9 months and 12 days to 9 months and 25 days. Covering all production areas with isolation nets 10 days in advance to ensure no foreign pollen to cross flowers, covering with sunshade nets in time during production in summer and autumn, and watering at proper time to reduce temperature for normal differentiation of male flowers and female flowers. The optimal pollination temperature of the pumpkin is 25-28 ℃, and the prevention of the formation of amphoteric flowers caused by high temperature is the key of seed production in summer and autumn. Spring stubble is specifically operated during pollination. And (4) after pollination, the tender melons enter the mature period 7-10 days, the tips of the planted vines are cut off, the nutrition is converted to the fruits, and 2 melons are remained in each plant. According to the growth potential, 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land and irrigated in time.

Plucking in late 10 months: selecting fine weather, picking and storing in a cool and ventilated place when the whole pumpkin fruit turns yellow and the planted tendrils are exhausted, aging for 20 days, and taking seeds after the pumpkin fruits are fully matured.

11 ten days in the middle of the month-seed taking: removing impurity melon according to shape before cutting melon, cleaning seed, drying in the shade for 2-3 days, and selecting, bagging and storing when water content of seed is below 10%.

Attached watch

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Claims (1)

1. A method for producing seeds of two-season pumpkin in one year by hybridization is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the crops are managed in summer and autumn in 3-7 months and 7-11 months; the two stages comprise 6 steps of soil preparation and transplantation, field management, artificial pollination, picking and seed taking, and the specific steps are as follows:

s1, spring crop rotation sowing and seedling management:

the seeding of the female parent is carried out in a greenhouse in the last ten days of 3 months, the seeding time of the female parent is 10 days after the male parent is pushed, the quantity ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 10, the seeds are soaked for 0.5 hour at 55 ℃ before seeding, the seeds are taken out and wrapped by wet gauze, then the seeds are germinated in the dark at the constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24 hours, the seeds are sowed in a hole tray after exposure to white, and the soil is covered for 0.5 cm; placing the plug on a seedbed, sleeving a small arched shed, preserving heat and moisture, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, growing seedlings in 7 days, lifting an arched shed film in the daytime, and covering the film at night;

s2.4 in the last ten days of the month, transplanting soil preparation: transplanting the pumpkin seedlings to open field when the pumpkin seedlings grow to have two leaves and one heart; soil preparation is carried out 10 days before transplantation, 2000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer, the width of the compartment surface is 1.5 m, the depth of the ditch is 0.3 m, the width of the ditch is 0.4 m, and a fluorescent mulching film with the width of 1.8 m is covered after the compartment surface is leveled; periodically transferring the seedlings to the outdoor 7 days before transplanting to improve the stress resistance of the seedlings, and spraying by 600 times of 10 percent imidacloprid, 10 to 20 grams per mu and 70 percent carbendazim to prevent plant diseases and insect pests; planting two lines in each compartment during field planting, wherein the plant spacing is 0.6 m, the row spacing is 1 m, planting 700-800 plants in each 667 m & lt 2 & gt, and watering field planting water once after field planting;

s3.4, from last ten days of month to middle 5 days of month, field management: 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the seedling condition and timely supplementing the seedlings; the pumpkin seedlings are planted and tied when the vines begin to extend, the pumpkins bear fruits by the main branches, the side vines are more and easily consume nutrients, so that the female parent needs to branch for 1 time in 2-3 days, all the side vines are picked off, and the male parent does not need to branch; in the period, the mixed plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics are removed in time, and the purity of the male parent is ensured to reach 100 percent; the pumpkin has less plant diseases and insect pests, the management aspect pays attention to bacterial angular leaf spot, powdery mildew and cabbage caterpillar, and the bacterial angular leaf spot is alternately sprayed with medicaments of 72 percent agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times liquid, 50 percent tacroline 1500 times liquid and 75 percent chlorothalonil 500 times liquid for prevention and treatment; spraying 2000 times of high-efficiency bactericide 20% triadimefon emulsion for controlling powdery mildew, and spraying 1 time every 7 days; the Chinese cabbage caterpillars are controlled by chlorpyrifos, and 50mL per mu is uniformly sprayed;

s4.5, artificial pollination in late month: the male parent and the female parent begin to bud in 5 months and 10 days, and the optimal pollination period is from 5 months and 20 days to 5 months and 30 days; the pumpkin belongs to a male and female isofloric plant, so that a female parent is strictly emasculated in the seed production process, and all the male flowers are removed before the male flowers bloom; covering the production area with an isolation net 10 days in advance to ensure no foreign pollen cross-flow; collecting male flowers at 5:00-6:00 am every morning during pollination, loading the male flowers into a plastic basket, smearing flower pillars of the male flowers on flower pistils of female flowers, pollinating 2 female flowers in each male flower, pollinating 3-4 flowers in each male flower, completing pollination before 10 am, marking pollination, and timely removing non-pollinated melons and other melons so as to avoid consuming nutrients; after pollination, the seed melons enter a mature period within 7-10 days, the tips of the planted vines are cut off, nutrition is transformed to fruits, and 2 melons are left in each plant; according to the growth potential, topdressing 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu and timely irrigating water;

s5.7, sowing and seedling raising in late month-summer and autumn stubbles by parents: accelerating germination, sowing and seedling culturing in a greenhouse in the last 7 th day, wherein the sowing time of the female parent is 10 days later than that of the male parent, the number ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 10, the female parent is soaked for 0.5 hour at 55 ℃ before sowing, the seeds are taken out and wrapped by wet gauze, then the seeds are germinated for 24 hours in a constant temperature and dark environment at 30 ℃, the seeds are sowed in a hole tray after exposure to white, and the soil is covered for 0.5 cm; during the period, a sunshade net is covered, watering is carried out according to soil moisture content, ventilation and dehumidification are carried out in time, and the temperature difference between day and night is controlled to be 5-10 ℃;

s6.7, picking spring stubbles in late noon: selecting fine weather, when the whole body of the seed melon turns yellow, picking and storing in a cool and ventilated place when the planted vine is exhausted, aging for 20 days, and taking seeds after full after-ripening;

s7.7, transplanting in the late month of summer and autumn in soil preparation: pulling seedlings after picking the spring stubbles of the pumpkins, and applying base fertilizer to the whole land, wherein the specific method is the same as that of the spring stubbles; transplanting the pumpkin seedlings to open field when the pumpkin seedlings grow to have two leaves and one heart; periodically transferring the seedlings to the outdoor 7 days before transplanting, improving the stress resistance of the seedlings, and spraying 10% imidacloprid, 10-20 g per mu and 600 times of 70% carbendazim to prevent plant diseases and insect pests; planting two lines in each compartment during field planting, wherein the plant spacing is 0.6 m, the row spacing is 1 m, 1000-1100 plants are planted every 667 m & lt 2 & gt, and field planting water is poured once after field planting;

s8.8, in the last ten days of the month-spring crop seed picking: removing the melon seeds according to the shape of the melon before cutting and picking the melon seeds, airing the seeds in a shade place for 2-3 days after cleaning the seeds, and cleaning, bagging and warehousing the seeds when the water content of the seeds is controlled to be below 10%;

s9.8, from last ten days of month to middle 9 days of month, field management: 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the seedling condition, timely supplementing the seedlings, pruning and tying vines, removing the mixed plants and performing the disease and pest control in the same spring stubble; the suitable temperature for the pumpkin growth is 18-32 ℃, and the pumpkin reproductive growth is facilitated by reducing the temperature and strong illumination; in summer and autumn, a sunshade net is required to be covered at a high temperature period, and more water is properly added when the temperature is reduced in the afternoon;

s10.9 in middle of the month-artificial pollination: the optimal pollination period of the male parent and the female parent is 9 months and 12 days to 9 months and 25 days; covering all production areas with isolation nets 10 days in advance to ensure no foreign pollen to cross flowers, covering with sun-shading nets in time during production in summer and autumn, and watering at proper time to reduce temperature to facilitate normal differentiation of male flowers and female flowers; the optimal pollination temperature of the pumpkin is 25-28 ℃, and the prevention of the formation of amphoteric flowers caused by high temperature is the key of seed production in summer and autumn; the spring stubble is specifically operated during pollination; after pollination, the tender melons enter a mature period within 7-10 days, the tips of the planted vines are cut off, the nutrition is converted to fruits, and 2 melons are left in each plant; according to the growth potential, topdressing 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu and timely irrigating water;

s11.10 late month-picking: selecting a fine weather, picking and storing the pumpkin in a cool and ventilated place when the whole pumpkin fruits turn yellow after the vines are planted to be exhausted, aging for 20 days, and taking seeds after the pumpkin fruits are fully matured;

s12.11, in the middle of the month, seed taking: removing the melon seeds according to the shape of the melon before cutting and picking the melon seeds, airing the seeds in a shade place for 2-3 days after cleaning the seeds, and cleaning, bagging and warehousing the seeds when the water content of the seeds is controlled to be below 10%.