CN113906965A - Melon multi-cropping cultivation technology for increasing utilization rate of planting greenhouse - Google Patents
Melon multi-cropping cultivation technology for increasing utilization rate of planting greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN113906965A CN113906965A CN202111191378.0A CN202111191378A CN113906965A CN 113906965 A CN113906965 A CN 113906965A CN 202111191378 A CN202111191378 A CN 202111191378A CN 113906965 A CN113906965 A CN 113906965A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C13/00—Machines or apparatus for consolidating soil around plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention provides a multi-cropping cultivation technology for melons, which is used for increasing the utilization rate of a planting greenhouse and relates to the technical field of melon cultivation. The multi-cropping cultivation technology for the melons, which increases the utilization rate of the planting greenhouse, comprises the following steps: s1, crops are stubbled, wherein the first thick-peel muskmelon is sown in the last 12 th to the last 1 st, is transplanted in the middle 2 th of month, and is harvested from the last 4 th of month to the last 5 th of month; s2, seedling raising; s3, preparing land, namely selecting a land block which is rich in organic matters, loose in soil and good in drainage; s4, planting; s5, regulating and controlling plants; s6, stubble cleaning is omitted, after the first-batch muskmelon is harvested, the roots of the melon seedlings are pulled out, the vines are withered in situ, and the second-batch muskmelon is fixedly planted on the edge of a furrow 130cm away from the roots of the first-batch muskmelon; s7, water and fertilizer operation; and S8, pest control. By the planting method of three crops in one year, the production of two crops of thick-skin muskmelons and one crop of thin-skin muskmelons is realized, the planting benefit is effectively improved, the utilization rate of greenhouse facilities and land is effectively improved, and the cultivation method is worthy of vigorous popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of melon cultivation, in particular to a multi-cropping cultivation technology for melons, which is used for increasing the utilization rate of a planting greenhouse.
Background
The muskmelon is suitable for the climate environment with long illumination time, dry air and large day and night temperature difference, is native to northwest regions in China, and is rapidly developed since 20 th century and 90 th era in the muskmelon industry in south China, so that the income of farmers is increased, and export foreign exchange is realized in part of regions. The muskmelon is mainly planted in the greenhouse in spring and autumn, the muskmelon is planted in spring generally in 12-2 months, the muskmelon is harvested in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, the muskmelon is planted in autumn in 7-8 months, and the harvest at the bottom of 11 months is finished.
And the vacant period of the greenhouse is generally 6-8 months, so that great waste of facilities such as the greenhouse is caused, and the planting benefit is low, mainly because the muskmelon grows fast under the high-temperature condition in summer, the fruit deformity rate is high, the sugar accumulation is insufficient, the quality is poor, the virus disease is serious, and the like, and the cultivation in production is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-cropping cultivation technology for melons, which can increase the utilization rate of a planting greenhouse and solve the problems of difficult cultivation and low planting benefit.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a multi-cropping cultivation technology for melons, which increases the utilization rate of a planting greenhouse, comprises the following steps:
s1, crop rotation opening
Sowing a first thick-skinned melon in the last 12 th to the first 1 st, transplanting in the middle 2 th, harvesting in the last 4 th to the last 5 th, planting a second thin-skinned melon in about the last 4 th, transplanting the second thin-skinned melon, harvesting a second batch of mature thin-skinned melon in the middle 7 th, continuously harvesting until a third thick-skinned melon is planted, growing seedlings of the third thick-skinned melon in the last 7 th to the last 8 th, transplanting in the middle 8 th, and harvesting in the middle 10 th;
s2, seedling raising
In spring, soaking the seedling seeds in a solution which is 500 times that of 50% carbendazim at the water temperature of 55-60 ℃, then placing the seeds in an environment of 30 ℃ for germination acceleration, sowing the seeds when the seeds are exposed, growing the seedlings seeds by using a commodity substrate, sowing the seeds in a standard plug tray with 50 holes, covering a substrate with the thickness of 1cm after sowing, watering the seeds with enough water thickness, covering a thin film for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and uncovering the film in time when the seedling emergence condition reaches about 70%;
in autumn, after seeding, watering the seedlings sufficiently, covering the seedlings with newspaper, watering and wetting the newspaper, covering the newspaper with a sunshade net, and timely uncovering the film and removing the sunshade net when the seedling emergence condition reaches about 70%;
s3, land preparation
Selecting a land block which is rich in organic matters, loose in soil and good in drainage, making 2 ridges in a 6-meter shed, making the ridge surface in a turtle back shape, and making an 8-meter shed into 3 ridges, wherein the middle operation ditch is 30cm wide and 15cm deep;
s4, field planting
Planting 1 row in each ridge, planting the thick-skin muskmelon with the plant spacing of 30cm and the thin-skin muskmelon with the plant spacing of 45cm, planting the first crop in the center of the ridge, leading vines to both sides, planting the second crop at the edge of the ridge, leading vines to one side of the shed edge, and planting the third crop at the center of the ridge;
s5, plant regulation and control
Pinching the first crop of muskmelons when the melon seedlings have 3 leaves, reserving 2 strong subsidiary vines as fruiting vines, reserving 3 descendant vines at 9-12 nodes of the fruiting vines for fruit retention, removing redundant descendant vines, reserving 2 fruits preferentially after the descendant vines have fruit seats, reserving 2 leaves after the descendant vines have fruit seats for pinching, and topping the fruiting vines at 18-20 leaves; pinching the second crop of thin-skin melons at 3 leaves of the melon seedlings, reserving 2 strong subsidiary vines as fruiting vines, reserving 4 sun vines at 8-12 nodes of the fruiting vines for fruit retention, removing redundant sun vines, reserving 1 leaf after the sun vines are set, pinching the fruiting vines at 17-19 leaves, and harvesting for multiple times;
s6, stubble cleaning-free treatment
After the first batch of muskmelon is harvested, the root of the melon seedling is pulled out, the vine is dried in situ, and the second batch of muskmelon is fixedly planted at the edge of a furrow 130cm away from the root of the first batch of muskmelon;
s7. water and fertilizer operation and research
Timely applying expanding fruit fertilizer to the muskmelon when young fruits grow to egg size, applying 5kg of 51% water-soluble flat compound fertilizer to each mu at intervals of about 10 days, and applying 2 times in total; applying a swelling fruit fertilizer for 1 time 5 days after the first batch of melons are subjected to fruit setting, applying 5kg of 51% water-soluble compound fertilizer for each mu, and applying the swelling fruit fertilizer 5 days after the second batch of melons are subjected to fruit setting after the first batch of melons are harvested;
s8, pest control
Before melon seedlings are transplanted, a mixed solution of an insecticide and a bactericide is used for one time, a yellow plate is hung in a greenhouse before planting, and a 25-mesh insect-proof net is additionally arranged at a greenhouse door and a ventilation position.
Preferably, the planting mode of the second-crop muskmelon in the S1 can also adopt a direct seeding mode.
Preferably, the first muskmelon variety in the S1 is selected from the sea honey No. 9 and the sea honey No. 10, the second muskmelon variety in the S1 is selected from the crisp melon, the sheep horn honey, the sweet through honey No. 1 and the sweet through honey No. 2, and the third muskmelon variety in the S1 is selected from the sea honey No. 8.
Preferably, the seed soaking time in spring in S2 is 4h, the seedling age in spring in S2 is about 35 days, the seedling age in autumn is about 15 days, the leaf age is 2-3, and the plant height is about 10 cm.
Preferably, the regulation and control measures of the third crop plant in the S5 are the same as those of the first crop plant.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a multi-cropping cultivation technology for melons, which is used for increasing the utilization rate of a planting greenhouse. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the production of two batches of thick-skin muskmelons and one batch of thin-skin muskmelons is realized through the planting method of three batches in one year, the planting benefit is effectively improved, and the utilization rate of greenhouse facilities and land is effectively improved by the planting method.
2. The invention adopts the stubble cleaning-free method for the second-crop thin-skin melons, effectively shortens the whole production period, has simple operation and high standardization degree, effectively reduces the labor force for cleaning the second crop, improves the yield of the second-crop thin-skin melons, reduces the occurrence of diseases and effectively increases the economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a periodic table of plants planted in S1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention S4 for permanent planting.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
the embodiment of the invention provides a multi-cropping cultivation technology for melons, which is used for increasing the utilization rate of a planting greenhouse, and comprises the following steps:
s1, crop rotation opening
The method comprises the steps of sowing a first thick-skinned melon in the last 12 th ten days to the last 1 st ten days, transplanting in the middle 2 th month, harvesting in the last 4 th month to the last 5 th month, planting a second thin-skinned melon in about the last 4 th month, transplanting the second thin-skinned melon, harvesting a second batch of mature thin-skinned melon in the middle 7 month, continuously harvesting until a third thick-skinned melon is planted, growing seedlings of the third thick-skinned melon in the last 7 th ten days to the last 8 th month, transplanting in the middle 8 th month, harvesting in the middle 10 th days, realizing the production of two thick-skinned melons and one thin-skinned melon by a three-crop-year planting method, effectively improving the planting benefit, and effectively improving the utilization rate of greenhouse facilities and land.
S2, seedling raising
In spring, soaking the seedling seeds in a solution which is 500 times that of 50% carbendazim at the water temperature of 55-60 ℃, then placing the seeds in an environment at 30 ℃ for germination accelerating, sowing the seeds when the seeds are exposed to be white, growing the seedlings seeds by using a commodity substrate, sowing the seeds in a standard plug tray with 50 holes, covering a substrate with the thickness of 1cm after sowing, watering the seeds with enough water thickness, covering a film for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and uncovering the film in time when the seedling emergence condition reaches about 70%;
in autumn, after seeding, watering the seedling, covering with newspaper, watering and wetting the newspaper, covering with a sunshade net, when the seedling emergence situation reaches about 70%, timely uncovering the film, and removing the sunshade net;
s3, land preparation
Selecting a land block which is rich in organic matters, loose in soil and good in drainage, making 2 ridges in a 6-meter shed, making the ridge surface in a turtle back shape, and making an 8-meter shed into 3 ridges, wherein the middle operation ditch is 30cm wide and 15cm deep;
s4, field planting
Planting 1 row in each ridge, planting the thick-skin muskmelon with the plant spacing of 30cm and the thin-skin muskmelon with the plant spacing of 45cm, planting the first crop in the center of the ridge, leading vines to both sides, planting the second crop at the edge of the ridge, leading vines to one side of the shed edge, and planting the third crop at the center of the ridge.
S5, plant regulation and control
Pinching the first crop of muskmelons when the melon seedlings have 3 leaves, reserving 2 strong subsidiary vines as fruiting vines, reserving 3 descendant vines at 9-12 nodes of the fruiting vines for fruit retention, removing redundant descendant vines, reserving 2 fruits preferentially after the descendant vines have fruit seats, reserving 2 leaves after the descendant vines have fruit seats for pinching, and topping the fruiting vines at 18-20 leaves; pinching the second crop of thin-skin melons at 3 leaves of the melon seedlings, reserving 2 strong subsidiary vines as fruiting vines, reserving 4 sun vines at 8-12 nodes of the fruiting vines for fruit retention, removing redundant sun vines, reserving 1 leaf after the sun vines are set, pinching the fruiting vines at 17-19 leaves, and harvesting for multiple times;
s6, stubble cleaning-free treatment
After the first-batch muskmelon is harvested, the root of the melon vine is pulled out, the vine is withered in situ, and the second-batch muskmelon is fixedly planted at the ridge edge 130cm away from the root of the first-batch muskmelon, so that the application of the technology reduces the labor force on one hand, and prevents the melon vine from directly contacting with the mulching film on the other hand, thereby reducing the influence on the melon vine caused by overheating of the mulching film;
s7. water and fertilizer operation and research
Timely applying expanding fruit fertilizer to the muskmelon when young fruits grow to egg size, applying 5kg of 51% water-soluble flat compound fertilizer to each mu at intervals of about 10 days, and applying 2 times in total; applying a swelling fruit fertilizer for 1 time 5 days after the first batch of melons are subjected to fruit setting, applying 5kg of 51% water-soluble compound fertilizer for each mu, and applying the swelling fruit fertilizer 5 days after the second batch of melons are subjected to fruit setting after the first batch of melons are harvested;
s8, pest control
Before melon seedlings are transplanted, a mixed solution of an insecticide and a bactericide is used for one time, a yellow plate is hung in a greenhouse before planting, a 25-mesh insect-proof net is additionally arranged at a greenhouse door and a ventilation position, in autumn, attention is paid to the control of melon borers, plant hoppers and powdery mildew, and at the moment, a comprehensive control method combining biological control, physical control and chemical control can be adopted.
The planting mode of the second batch of the thin-skin melons in the S1 can also adopt a direct seeding mode.
The first-batch muskmelon variety in S1 is selected from No. 9 sea honey and No. 10 sea honey, the second-batch thin-skin muskmelon variety in S1 is selected from No. 1 crisp melon, No. 2 goat horn honey, No. 1 sweet honey and No. 2 sweet honey, and the third-batch muskmelon variety in S1 is selected from No. 8 sea honey.
The seed soaking time in spring in S2 is 4h, the seedling age in spring in S2 is about 35 days, the seedling age in autumn is about 15 days, the leaf age is 2-3, and the plant height is about 10 cm.
The regulation and control measures of the third crop of plants in the S5 are the same as those of the first crop.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a melon multiple cropping cultivation technique that increases planting big-arch shelter utilization ratio which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, crop rotation opening
Sowing a first thick-skinned melon in the last 12 th to the first 1 st, transplanting in the middle 2 th, harvesting in the last 4 th to the last 5 th, planting a second thin-skinned melon in about the last 4 th, transplanting the second thin-skinned melon, harvesting a second batch of mature thin-skinned melon in the middle 7 th, continuously harvesting until a third thick-skinned melon is planted, growing seedlings of the third thick-skinned melon in the last 7 th to the last 8 th, transplanting in the middle 8 th, and harvesting in the middle 10 th;
s2, seedling raising
In spring, soaking seedling seeds in a 50% carbendazim 500-time solution at a water temperature of 55-60 ℃, then placing the seeds in an environment at 30 ℃ for germination acceleration, sowing the seeds when the seeds are exposed to white, raising the seedlings seeds by using a commodity substrate, sowing the seeds in a 50-hole standard plug tray, covering a substrate with a thickness of 1cm after sowing, watering the seeds with sufficient water thickness, covering a film for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and uncovering the film in time when the seedling emergence condition reaches about 70%;
in autumn, after seeding, watering the seedlings sufficiently, covering newspapers, watering the newspapers to moisten, covering a sunshade net, and when the seedling emergence condition reaches about 70%, timely uncovering the film and removing the sunshade net;
s3, land preparation
Selecting a land block which is rich in organic matters, loose in soil and good in drainage, making 2 ridges in a 6-meter shed, making the ridge surface in a turtle back shape, and making an 8-meter shed into 3 ridges, wherein the middle operation ditch is 30cm wide and 15cm deep;
s4, field planting
Planting 1 row in each ridge, planting the thick-skin muskmelon with the plant spacing of 30cm and the thin-skin muskmelon with the plant spacing of 45cm, planting the first crop in the center of the ridge, leading vines to both sides, planting the second crop at the edge of the ridge, leading vines to one side of the shed edge, and planting the third crop at the center of the ridge;
s5, plant regulation and control
Pinching the first crop of muskmelons when the melon seedlings have 3 leaves, reserving 2 strong subsidiary vines as fruiting vines, reserving 3 descendant vines at 9-12 nodes of the fruiting vines for fruit retention, removing redundant descendant vines, reserving 2 fruits preferentially after the descendant vines have fruit seats, reserving 2 leaves after the descendant vines have fruit seats for pinching, and topping the fruiting vines at 18-20 leaves; pinching the second crop of thin-skin melons at 3 leaves of the melon seedlings, reserving 2 strong subsidiary vines as fruiting vines, reserving 4 sun vines at 8-12 nodes of the fruiting vines for fruit retention, removing redundant sun vines, reserving 1 leaf after the sun vines are set, pinching the fruiting vines at 17-19 leaves, and harvesting for multiple times;
s6, stubble cleaning-free treatment
After the first batch of muskmelon is harvested, the root of the melon seedling is pulled out, the vine is dried in situ, and the second batch of muskmelon is fixedly planted at the edge of a furrow 130cm away from the root of the first batch of muskmelon;
s7. water and fertilizer operation and research
Timely applying expanding fruit fertilizer to the muskmelon when young fruits grow to egg size, applying 5kg of 51% water-soluble flat compound fertilizer to each mu at intervals of about 10 days, and applying 2 times in total; applying a swelling fruit fertilizer for 1 time 5 days after the first batch of melons are subjected to fruit setting, applying 5kg of 51% water-soluble compound fertilizer for each mu, and applying the swelling fruit fertilizer 5 days after the second batch of melons are subjected to fruit setting after the first batch of melons are harvested;
s8, pest control
Before melon seedlings are transplanted, a mixed solution of an insecticide and a bactericide is used for one time, a yellow plate is hung in a greenhouse before planting, and a 25-mesh insect-proof net is additionally arranged at a greenhouse door and a ventilation position.
2. The multi-cropping cultivation technology for melons for increasing the utilization rate of a planting greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the planting mode of the second batch of the thin-skin melons in the S1 can also adopt a direct seeding mode.
3. The multi-cropping cultivation technology for melons for increasing the utilization rate of a planting greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the first-batch muskmelon variety in the S1 is selected from the sea honey No. 9 and the sea honey No. 10, the second-batch thin-skin muskmelon variety in the S1 is selected from the crisp melon, the cavel honey, the sweet through honey No. 1 and the sweet through honey No. 2, and the third-batch muskmelon variety in the S1 is selected from the sea honey No. 8.
4. The multi-cropping cultivation technology for melons for increasing the utilization rate of a planting greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the seed soaking time in spring in S2 is 4h, the seedling age in spring in S2 is about 35 days, the seedling age in autumn is about 15 days, the leaf age is 2-3, and the plant height is about 10 cm.
5. The multi-cropping cultivation technology for melons for increasing the utilization rate of a planting greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the regulation and control measures of the third crop of plants in the S5 are the same as those of the first crop.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115349435A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-18 | 宿迁市绿港现代农业研究院有限公司 | Facility semi-soilless cultivation technique for planting two-crop netted melons |
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| CN115349435A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-18 | 宿迁市绿港现代农业研究院有限公司 | Facility semi-soilless cultivation technique for planting two-crop netted melons |
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