CN112219650A

CN112219650A - A kind of melon crawling cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN112219650A
Application number: CN202011102101.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡波; 孙秀红; 曾庆连
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-10-15
Filing date: 2020-10-15
Publication date: 2021-01-15

Abstract

本发明提供一种甜瓜爬网式栽培方法,所述栽培方法包括以下步骤：一、育苗、二、钢架大棚建设与栽培地准备、三、定植栽培、四、田间管理、五、采收、本发明是在单体拱形大棚内实施，利用爬网，实现了甜瓜蔓、果实从地面生长到空间生长，克服了地爬式栽培甜瓜的两个不足；利用爬网栽培甜瓜，优化了甜瓜叶片受光量，提高了光合效率，增加了经济产量，升华了甜瓜的吊蔓栽培技术；单体拱形大棚拆迁移址方便，有效克服了甜瓜栽培连作障碍的问题。The invention provides a crawling-type cultivation method for melon, which comprises the following steps: 1. raising seedlings, 2. constructing a steel frame greenhouse and preparing the cultivation ground, 3. field planting cultivation, 4. field management, 5. harvesting, The invention is implemented in a single arch-shaped greenhouse, using crawling nets to realize the growth of melon vines and fruits from the ground to space, overcoming the two shortcomings of the ground crawling type cultivation of melons; The amount of light received by the leaves improves the photosynthetic efficiency, increases the economic output, and sublimates the hanging vine cultivation technology of melon.

Description

Melon net climbing type cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a melon net climbing type cultivation method.

Background

The frame body of monomer arch big-arch shelter can not bear the weight of melon tendrils and its fruit, and ground climbing formula is adopted mostly to cultivate melon, and ground climbing formula cultivation melon has two deficiencies: firstly, because the melon vines and fruits thereof are tightly attached to the ground, the air fluidity is low, the air humidity is high, the bacterial soft rot and downy mildew diseases are relatively serious, the disease prevention and medication are correspondingly more, and the internal quality of the fruits is influenced; secondly, the side of the fruit close to the ground is not illuminated, the whole coloring is not good, the selling is poor, and the market sale is influenced.

The melons are cultivated in the sunlight greenhouse, tendril hanging cultivation is adopted, the two problems of insufficient cultivation of the melons in ground climbing are effectively solved, the cultivation density of the melons can be increased by 50%, and the quality improvement, the yield increase and the effect improvement are obvious. Sunlight greenhouses have two disadvantages: firstly, the indoor site is inconvenient to move, and the continuous cropping obstacle problem is serious; secondly, the one-time investment is huge, the solar greenhouse occupation ratio is not high in economically undeveloped areas, and the application of the vine-hanging melon cultivation technology is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

The invention provides a melon climbing net type cultivation method which is implemented in a single arched greenhouse, realizes the growth of melons and fruits from the ground to the space growth by climbing nets, and overcomes two defects of the ground climbing type cultivation of melons; the net climbing cultivation method is used for cultivating the melons, so that the light receiving quantity of the melon leaves is optimized, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, the economic yield is increased, and the vine hanging cultivation technology of the melons is improved; the single arched greenhouse is convenient to remove and transfer sites, and effectively solves the problem of continuous cropping obstacle in melon cultivation.

(II) the adopted technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a muskmelon crawling net type cultivation method comprises the following steps:

first, grow seedlings

1. Time of raising seedlings

Seedling in the last ten days of 12 months to the last 1 month of the next year;

2. seed soaking and germination accelerating

Soaking seeds in warm water at 55 ℃, allowing the water to be naturally cooled for 3-4 hours, washing off the surface stickies of the seeds with clear water, airing the surface moisture of the seeds, wrapping the seeds with a semi-dry wet towel, accelerating germination at the constant temperature of 28-30 ℃, and sowing after the seeds are exposed to the white color after 24-36 hours;

3. seeding

Seedling raising is carried out by using commercial melon seedling raising substrate and seedling raising trays with 50 or 54 holes, 1 seed which sprouts is sowed in each hole, the seeds are flatly placed, germs are downward, and the seedling condition is timely checked within 5 days after sowing;

4. seedbed management

The temperature of the seedbed is controlled to be about 28 ℃ so as to facilitate seedling emergence, the temperature after seedling emergence is controlled to be about 22 ℃, excessive growth and high-foot seedlings are prevented, the humidity is controlled, the seedlings are ventilated and hardened, and the damping-off disease is prevented;

secondly, steel frame greenhouse construction and cultivation land preparation

1. Steel frame greenhouse construction

The width of the greenhouse is 6.0 meters, the height of the greenhouse is 2.3-2.5 meters, two film frames are arranged in the greenhouse, and the length of the film frames is determined according to actual conditions;

2. soil preparation and base fertilizer application

Performing soil preparation and base fertilizer application according to a conventional method and using amount, and longitudinally forming a furrow in the middle of the greenhouse, wherein the furrow is 0.35 m wide and 0.25 m deep;

third, planting and cultivating

1. Colonization preparation and method

(1) Preparation before planting

1, at the bottom of the month and 2 months, spreading a layer of mulching film on the surface of the ridge, and sealing the greenhouse to increase the temperature; two small arched sheds with different sizes are erected on the same bed surface 5-7 days before field planting, a small arched shed with a smaller size is sleeved in the small arched shed with a larger size, the large arched shed and the small arched shed are 2.0 meters wide, and 1.2 meters wide;

(2) time and method of colonization

From the first ten days of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, muskmelon seedlings are planted on a sunny day with cold tails and warm heads in a period from 2 leaves to 1 heart to three leaves, planting rows are made on the furrow 0.8-1 meter away from the edge of the greenhouse, the planting distance is 0.5 meter, and root fixing water is poured while planting; the melon seedlings are preferably 15: finishing the planting before 00 hours;

2. five-layer film covering

Sealing the two small arched sheds and the greenhouse after field planting, and sealing two films in the greenhouse simultaneously to improve the temperature of the growth space of the melon seedlings, warm the greenhouse overnight and improve the ground temperature to be beneficial to the growth of the root systems of the melon seedlings;

3. temperature and light management

According to the requirements of muskmelon growth on temperature and light, the ventilation opening is gradually opened along with the temperature rise 0.5-1 hour after sunrise of the next day, and the ventilation opening is closed in due time in the afternoon;

fourth, field management

1. Muskmelon net climbing construction

(1) Triangular support manufacturing

Hot galvanizing angle iron with the length of 0.05 m x0.05 m is used for manufacturing a tripod with the length of the bottom side being 1.0 m and the height being 0.8 m, the fixed side length of the net climbing is 1.3 m, grooves are respectively reserved on the fixed side, the middle part and the lower part of the net climbing, and the distance between the grooves is 0.6 m, so that steel wires can be conveniently fixed, and the uniform bearing of the net climbing on the melon vines and fruits is facilitated;

(2) muskmelon climbing construction time

6-7 true leaves of sweet melon seedlings, and building a melon climbing net when the head of the sweet melon seedlings starts to swing;

(3) muskmelon net climbing construction

Firstly, one end of a tripod is 0.2 to 0.3 meter away from the root of the melon, and 1 tripod is placed every 1.5 meters or so;

secondly, the two ends of the greenhouse are obliquely supported by cement columns or firm wood rods, 3 steel wires are tensioned and fixed by ground anchors, steel wire tensioners, blue screws and the like, and the steel wires are fixed on a tripod;

fixing 3 steel wires on the tripod, and fixing the plastic net on the tripod, wherein the aperture of the plastic net is preferably 0.15 m;

(4) vine-tidying machine

After the melon climbing net is built, introducing the melon vines to the melon climbing net in the afternoon of a fine day, wherein the melon vines have high water content in the morning, and the melon vines are easy to break if the melon vines are straightened;

2. pruning

Pruning double vines, reserving two melons for each plant, removing all branches except 13-16 sections of the melon vines, reserving 1 leaf on the branch vines of the reserved 13-16 sections of fruits, removing all the grand vines, topping 25-28 sections, reserving 3-4 lateral buds after topping, and removing the rest parts;

pruning and topping are preferably carried out in sunny days, and pruning and sprouting are not suitable in rainy days with high humidity;

3. artificial pollination

The pollination effect is better when the pollination is started at 7:00 and finished at 11:30 in the morning; selecting male flowers which open in the same day, removing petals, and slightly and uniformly smearing pollen of the male flowers on stigma of the female flowers;

4. bee pollination

Also can adopt the bee pollination, the requirement of bee pollination environment: the circumference of the melon greenhouse is 1000 meters, and no peculiar smell or pesticide is needed during the bee releasing period; pesticide does not need to be sprayed 7 days before bees are released in the greenhouse, and articles with strange odor are piled;

5. management before flowering

Before the melon blooms, the pesticide with longer residual period, such as dichlorvos, dimethoate and the like, can not be used; during flowering period, the use of pesticides with strong toxicity such as imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos and the like is forbidden; if the pesticide is applied, biological pesticide or low-toxicity pesticide is selected as much as possible;

6. liquid manure management

5 days after planting, adding 20 jin of compound fertilizer per mu for drip irrigation; then determining whether fertilizer adding and drip irrigation are needed according to the growth vigor of the seedlings; less water is needed in the seedling stage, the periphery of the root is kept moist by dripping water in the vine extending stage, the substrate is kept moist in the melon expanding stage, too dry is avoided, and excessive water supply is avoided, so that the split melon is easily caused; stopping dripping water one week before the melon is ripe;

7. pest control

The prevention and treatment of main pests and diseases of the melons, such as damping-off, downy mildew, powdery mildew, gummy stem blight, bacterial soft rot, thrips, aphids, liriomyza sativae and the like are well carried out;

fifth, harvesting

The melon is about 35-45 days from flowering to mature period, the whole growth period is 100-one days in spring, 110 days in autumn and 80-90 days in autumn, the melon leaves are withered and yellow at the fruit stem and the reticulate patterns on the fruit surface are protruded and hardened during maturation, the melon vine is cut off by scissors during collection, the fruit stem is kept about 3 cm, and the melon is lightly taken and prevented from being scratched on the surface.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a melon crawling net type cultivation method, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. the light collection quantity of the muskmelon leaves is increased, and the yield increase amplitude is obvious;

2. the melon vines, leaves and fruits keep a certain distance from the ground, the airflow is large, the humidity is small, the soft rot and downy mildew diseases are greatly reduced, the use amount of the pesticide is less, and the internal quality of the fruits is improved;

3. because of more photosynthetic products, the weight of a single fruit and the content of dry substances in the fruit are increased, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved, the surface of the fruit is well colored, and the external commodity of the fruit is improved;

4. the yield of the fruits is increased, the internal quality and commodity performance of the fruits are improved, and the economic benefit of melon production is greatly improved;

5. the distances between the vines, the leaves and the fruits and the ground are raised, so that the production operation is convenient, and the labor intensity is reduced.

Detailed Description

All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.

Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

Examples

A muskmelon crawling net type cultivation method comprises the following steps:

first, grow seedlings

1. Time of raising seedlings

2. seed soaking and germination accelerating

3. seeding

4. seedbed management

secondly, steel frame greenhouse construction and cultivation land preparation

1. Steel frame greenhouse construction

2. soil preparation and base fertilizer application

third, planting and cultivating

1. Colonization preparation and method

(1) Preparation before planting

(2) time and method of colonization

2. five-layer film covering

3. temperature and light management

fourth, field management

1. Muskmelon net climbing construction

(1) Triangular support manufacturing

(2) muskmelon climbing construction time

(3) muskmelon net climbing construction

(4) vine-tidying machine

2. pruning

3. artificial pollination

4. bee pollination

5. management before flowering

6. liquid manure management

7. pest control

fifth, harvesting

While the basic teachings of the present invention have been described, numerous extensions and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. As the present invention disclosed in the specification may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or general characteristics thereof, and it is noted that some of these specific forms have been set forth, the embodiments disclosed in the specification should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. a muskmelon crawling type cultivation method, is characterized in that, described cultivation method comprises the following steps:

1. Seedling

1. Breeding time

Breed seedlings from late December to early January of the following year;

2. Seed soaking and germination

Soak the seeds with warm water at 55°C, let the water continue to soak the seeds for 3-4 hours in a natural cooling state, then wash off the sticky substance on the surface of the seeds with clean water, dry the surface of the seeds, and wrap the seeds with a semi-dry wet towel at a constant temperature of 28- Germination under the condition of 30 ℃, after 24-36 hours, the seeds can be sown.

3. Sowing

Use commercial melon seedling matrix, 50 or 54 hole seedling trays to raise seedlings, sow 1 germinated seed in each hole, lay the seeds flat, and the germs downward, and check the seedling condition in time within 5 days after sowing;

4. Seedbed management

The temperature of the seedbed is controlled at about 28°C to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, and after emergence, it is controlled at about 22°C to prevent leggy growth into tall seedlings, control humidity, ventilate and refine seedlings, and prevent damping off;

2. Steel frame greenhouse construction and cultivation ground preparation

1. Steel frame greenhouse construction

The greenhouse is north-south, 6.0 meters wide, 2.3-2.5 meters high, with two membrane frames set inside, and the length is determined according to the actual situation;

2. Soil preparation and basal fertilizer application

The soil preparation and basal fertilizer application are carried out according to the conventional method and dosage, and a ditch is longitudinally opened in the middle of the greenhouse, with a width of 0.35 meters and a depth of 0.25 meters;

3. Colonization cultivation

1. Colonization preparation and method

(1) Preparation before planting

From the end of January to the beginning of February, lay a layer of plastic film on the border, and seal the shed to increase the temperature; 5-7 days before planting, set up two small arch sheds of different sizes on the same border, and the larger small arch shed is covered with a smaller one. Arch shed, large and small arch sheds are 2.0 meters wide, and small arch sheds are 1.2 meters wide;

(2) Time and method of colonization

From early February to early March, melon seedlings with two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart are selected for planting on sunny days with cold tails and warm heads. Water; melon seedlings are best to be planted before 15:00;

2. Five-layer film covering

Immediately after the planting, the two small arched sheds and the greenhouse were closed, and the secondary film in the greenhouse was sealed at the same time to increase the temperature of the growth space of the melon seedlings.

3. Temperature and light management

Referring to the temperature and light requirements for melon growth, 0.5-1 hour after sunrise the next day, gradually open the vents as the temperature rises, and close the vents in the afternoon;

4. Field Management

1. Melon crawling construction

(1) Triangular support production

Use 0.05m x 0.05m hot-dip galvanized angle iron to make a tripod with a bottom side length of 1.0m and a height of 0.8m, and a 1.3m long side for the crawling net. The groove spacing is 0.6 meters, which is convenient for fixing the steel wire, which is conducive to the even load-bearing of the vines and fruits of the crawling net;

(2) Melon crawling construction time

Melon seedlings have 6-7 true leaves, and when they start shaking their heads, build a melon crawl;

(3) Melon crawling construction

① One end of the tripod is 0.2-0.3 meters away from the root of the melon, and a tripod is placed every 1.5 meters or so;

②The two pieces of the greenhouse are braced with cement columns or strong wooden sticks, and the three steel wires are tightened and fixed with ground anchors, wire tensioners, and blue screws, and the steel wires are fixed on the tripod;

③After fixing 3 steel wires on the tripod, fix the plastic mesh on the tripod, and the aperture of the plastic mesh should be 0.15 meters;

(4) Liman

After the melon crawling network is built, the melon vines are guided to the melon crawling network in the afternoon on a sunny day.

2. Pruning

Double vines are pruned, keep two melons per plant, all the branches except the 13-16 knots of the melon vines are destroyed, and one leaf is left in the 13-16 knots of the prepared fruit, and all the sun vines are removed, and the 25-28 knots are topped , leave 3-4 lateral buds after topping, and remove the rest;

Pruning and topping should be done on sunny days, and it is not suitable for pruning and budding when the humidity is high in rainy days;

3. Artificial pollination

It is better to start pollination at 7:00 in the morning and end at 11:30; choose the male flower that opens on the same day, remove the petals, and apply the pollen of the male flower evenly on the stigma of the female flower;

4. Bee pollination

Bee pollination can also be used. Requirements for bee pollination environment: 1000 meters outside the melon greenhouse, there should be no odor and pesticides during the release of bees; no pesticides should be sprayed in the greenhouse 7 days before the release of bees, and items with strange smells should be stacked;

5. Management before flowering

Before the melon blooms, pesticides with a long residual period such as dichlorvos, dimethoate, etc. cannot be used; during the flowering period, the use of highly toxic pesticides such as imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, etc. should be prohibited; if it is necessary to apply pesticides, biological pesticides should be used as far as possible or low toxicity pesticides;

6. Water and fertilizer management

5 days after planting, add 20 catties of compound fertilizer for drip irrigation per mu; after that, it is determined whether fertilizer drip irrigation is required according to the growth of the seedlings; the seedling stage requires less water, and dripping water in the spreading stage keeps the roots moist, and the melon expansion stage keeps the substrate moist to avoid If it is too dry, at the same time, it is necessary to avoid excessive water supply, which may cause cracking of the melon; stop dripping water one week before the melon is mature;

7. Pest control

Do a good job in the prevention and control of main diseases and insect pests of melon such as damping off, downy mildew, powdery mildew, blight, bacterial soft rot, thrips, aphids, Liriomyza sativa, etc.;

5. Harvest

The melon is about 35-45 days from flowering to maturity, 100-110 days in spring and 80-90 days in autumn. When ripe, the melon leaves at the stalk are withered and yellow, and the fruit surface is prominent and hardened. Cut the melon with scissors when harvesting. For the vine, leave about 3 cm of the fruit stalk, and handle it with care to avoid scratching the surface of the melon.