CN104823794A - Cherry grafting and cutting propagation method - Google Patents
Cherry grafting and cutting propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104823794A CN104823794A CN201510284819.XA CN201510284819A CN104823794A CN 104823794 A CN104823794 A CN 104823794A CN 201510284819 A CN201510284819 A CN 201510284819A CN 104823794 A CN104823794 A CN 104823794A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cherry grafting and cutting propagation method. The cherry grafting and cutting propagation method comprises the steps that annual branches are collected from a cherry tree and a cherry stock tree in autumn and in winter respectively; a cion and a cutting shoot are cut, the long cut surface of the cion is inwards inserted into a cut opening of the cutting shoot, and the cut surface of the cion and the cut surface of the cutting shoot are firmly twined by means of a grafting film; the grafted cutting shoot is placed in a storage box laid with a plastic film in the growing direction of the branch, and after the grafted cutting shoot is stored at room temperature for half a month, the plastic film is opened for ventilation every three to five days and then the grafted cutting shoot is wrapped in the storage box again; organic fertilizer is applied in late autumn and early winter for preparation of cuttage and seedling breeding, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer is applied on a seed bed in spring of the next year, the seed bed is covered with black mulching film, the temperature rises back to 10 DEG C or over 10 DEG C in spring, and cutting shoots obtained through well healed cions are selected for conducting cuttage according to spacing in the rows and spacing between rows; after the cion germinates, a main branch is formed by a robust bud, the other buds are removed, and fertilization is applied properly during growth of the nursery stock. The height of the nursery stock reaches 1.2 m and the thickness of the nursery stock reaches 0.5 cm or over 0.5 cm after the nursery stock is cultured for one year. According to the cherry grafting and cutting propagation method, it can be guaranteed that nursery stocks are uniform, and the survival rate of the nursery stocks is increased; meanwhile, the seedling growing period is effectively shortened, and production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, specifically a kind of propagation method of cherry grafting-cuttage.
Background technology
Cherry fruit appearance is bright in colour, sparkling and crystal-clear beauty, and be rich in the multiple element such as sugar, protein, vitamin and calcium, iron, phosphorus, potassium, be a kind of high-grade fruit, economic worth is high, is applicable to China's kind value.Traditional cherry propagation method is root turion, press strip or cottage propagation, and speed is slow, growth of seedling is inconsistent, can not meet the needs of commerial growing and popularization improved seeds.Cherry grafting is with the seedling of cherry, mountain cherry, oriental cherry etc. for stock, with good cherry variety for scion, selects to carry out before spring Mo germinates, is advisable so that the stock selected is identical with the rugosity of scion or close.Grafting can make the good cherry of quality be multiplied, and shortens the juvenile stage of cherry.The traditional grafting method of cherry is sowing of first being grown directly from seeds by cherry rootstock seed, or by clonal rootstock by tissue cultures or cuttage, then transplantation of seedlings will be taken root to nursery, until the liftoff 10 cm place diameters of stock reach 0.5 more than cm, just can carry out grafting, carry out the cherry seedling breeding general time needing 2 ~ 3 years by such method.
CN104041332A discloses a kind of cherry grafting method, still adopts cherry seedling to be stock, carries out grafting season, cannot meet the needs of improved seeds commerial growing at the end of spring and the beginning of summer higher temperature.
Summary of the invention
The technology of the present invention problem is to provide a kind of method of cherry grafting-cuttage breeding, reaches the breeding cycle shortening cherry, reduces production cost, easy and simple to handle, is convenient to peasant household and grasps.
The method of cherry grafting-cuttage breeding, feature comprises the following steps:
1) collection of stock cuttings and preparation: after falling leaves autumn and winter, from robust growth, gather well-grown 1 year raw branch without the cherry rootstock tree of damage by disease and insect, select to grow the branch substantial, gemma is full, branch thick is greater than 0.5 cm and cut the section of being cut into, as cuttings every 10 ~ 15 cm;
2) collection of scion and preparation: growth selection is healthy and strong and cut annotinous branch without on the cherry tree of damage by disease and insect after the autumn and winter fall leaves, and branch thick is greater than 0.3 cm, and the branch section of select tape 1 ~ 2 full bud, uses as scion;
3) grafting: first cut scion and cuttings, then long for scion bevel is inserted cuttings otch inwards, scion and cuttings is made to form layer alignment, slightly firmly scion is extruded downwards, it is made to combine closely, with grafting membrane, the cross section of cutting of scion and cuttings is all tightly wrapped Bao Yan again, then a headband is risen pushes down scion top clip, pull down tie solid;
4) storage of grafting fringe: the cuttings grafted is put in order by shoot growth direction, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, put into the storage box of the good plastic film of paving, and wrap up with plastic film, storage box is in indoor room temperature seasoning, after storage two weeks, raised by plastic film every 3 ~ 5 days, cuttings is ventilative to be wrapped in storage box after 1 ~ 2 hour again;
5) seedbed prepare: in late fall or early winter every mu cuttage and seedling culture spread fertilizer over the fields the fertilizer 2000 ~ 2500 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, then 30 ~ 40 cm are ploughed dark, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied by the amount of 25 ~ 75 kg/ mus before Second Year does seedbed spring, then harrow and carefully rake, make the seedbed of the wide smooth no-sundries of 1.0 ~ 1.2 m, seedbed adopts black film mulching, for cuttage is ready;
6) cuttage: when spring temperature goes back up to more than 10 DEG C, cuttings in storage box is taken out, checks cuttings base portion, select adularescent callus and cuttings well healed,nonsymptomatic with scion, carry out cuttage according to the distance of seeding row spacing 15 ~ 20 cm, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of cutting length;
7) manage after cuttage: after scion rudiment, stay the bud that healthy and strong, form major branch later, all the other buds are erased, later timely except sprouting, in seedling growth process, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer need be executed 4 ~ 5 times, fill with draining in good time, foliage fertilizer is added in conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, through the cultivation of 1 year, seedling height all reached 1.2 more than m, and rugosity reaches 0.5 more than cm.
The method of scion is cut: the scion selecting to be less than cuttings rugosity in step 3), be that 45° angle is splayed a short bevel in its full bud lower end, be about 2 cm, then a flat plagioclase bevel is cut at its offside band xylem, a little higher than opposite, cutter place under its upper end, 1 ~ 2 full bud is stayed in scion, cut apart from its upper end bud 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm branch section place cut, require that clip is level and smooth.
The method of cuttings is cut: select the level and smooth side of cuttings to be slightly with the downward vertical cut of xylem, kerf width and the degree of depth and the long bevel of scion adapt, and the degree of depth is generally the level and smooth tangent plane that 2 ~ 3 cm grow in step 3).
In step 4), storage box grafting fringe is 5 ~ 10 DEG C in the seasoning temperature of indoor.
In step 5), the nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of composite fertilizer is 15:15:15.
beneficial effect
1) after the present invention selects fall leaves autumn and winter, collection branch prepares scion and cuttings, and now branch result is gathered in the crops already, and in branch, nutrition content is the highest, can improve survival rate, can make full use of resource again, reduce costs, increase economic efficiency.
2) the present invention turns over when late fall or early winter and seedbed employing black plastic mulching, effectively reduces the generation of disease worm and prevents the growth of nursery lot weeds, covering black film and also serve insulation effect, not only substituting applying pesticides but also be conducive to promoting cuttage rooting.
3) the present invention is when cuttage, does not need to use any root-growing agent, only need select to have formed callus and carry out cuttage with the well healed,nonsymptomatic cuttings of scion, ensure that the survival rate of cuttage while reducing production cost, simple to operate, is convenient to grasp.
4) the present invention is adopted to carry out cherry breeding, cuttage is carried out after adopting cuttings grafting, eliminate the cultivating process of stock, density directly according to field planting during cuttage carries out cuttage, to transplant seedlings again after eliminating original stock cutting survival the operation of field planting, effectively shorten cherry and breed the time, shortened to 1 year by 2 ~ 3 years, provide cost savings.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, explanation is further explained to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The cuttage breeding method that cherry rootstock selects careless cherry, scion is Zhuji short handle cherry, concrete steps are as follows:
1) collection of stock cuttings and preparation: after falling leaves autumn and winter, from robust growth, gather well-grown 1 year raw branch without the careless cherry tree of damage by disease and insect, select to grow the branch substantial, gemma is full, branch thick is greater than 0.5 cm and cut the section of being cut into, as cuttings every 15 cm;
2) collection of scion and preparation: growth selection is healthy and strong and without Zhuji short handle cherry tree of damage by disease and insect, cut leaf bud full 1 year raw branch with sharp secateurs cutter from this cherry tree, branch thick is about 0.5 cm, uses as scion;
3) grafting: be that 45° angle is splayed and is about the short bevel of 2 cm by the full bud lower end of Zhuji short handle cherry scion, then cut a flat plagioclase bevel at its offside band xylem, under its upper end a little higher than opposite, cutter place; 1 full bud is stayed in scion, cuts and cuts, require that clip is level and smooth at cm place, bud upper end 0.5.The careless level and smooth side of cherry cuttings is selected slightly to be with the downward vertical cut of xylem, kerf width and the degree of depth and the long bevel of scion adapt, the degree of depth is generally the long level and smooth tangent plane of 2 ~ 3 cm, long for scion bevel is inserted cuttings otch inwards, makes scion and cuttings form layer alignment, slightly firmly scion is extruded downwards, it is made to combine closely, then with grafting membrane, the cross section of cutting of scion and cuttings is all tightly wrapped Bao Yan, then a headband is risen pushes down scion top clip, pull down tie solid;
4) storage of cuttings: the cuttings grafted is put in order by shoot growth direction, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, put into the storage box of the good plastic film of paving, and wrap up with plastic film, storage box is in 5 ~ 10 DEG C of seasonings of indoor room temperature, after storage two weeks, raised by plastic film every 3 ~ 5 days, cuttings is ventilative to be wrapped in storage box after 1 ~ 2 hour again;
5) seedbed prepares: early winter ploughs deeply, and the degree of depth is 30 ~ 40 cm.Second Year applies N-P-K content than the composite fertilizer for 15:15:15 by the amount of 75 kg/ mus spring, and shallow plowing leveling, makes the seedbed that 1.0 m are wide, and rake is carefully raked, and accomplishes the smooth no-sundries in face, seedbed, covers black mulch film, prepares cuttage;
7) cuttage: treat that spring temperature goes back up to more than 10 DEG C, the cuttings handled well autumn and winter is taken out, and checks cuttings base portion, selects have length have callus and carry out cuttage with the well healed,nonsymptomatic cuttings of scion according to the distance of seeding row spacing 20 cm, the cuttings degree of depth 10 cm;
8) manage after cuttage: in cuttage rooting and process of growth, enhance field management.
Breed Zhuji short handle cherry 500 strain with said method, after one month, statistics survives quantity is 489 strains, and survival rate is 97.8%; Through the cultivation of 1 year, it was 471 strains that statistics survives quantity, and survival rate can reach 94.2%, and seedling height all can reach 1.0 more than m, and rugosity can reach 0.8 more than cm, realizes nursery stock grafting then and goes out garden then.
Embodiment 2
The cuttage breeding method that cherry rootstock selects careless cherry, scion is black pearl cherry, concrete steps are as follows:
1) collection of stock cuttings and preparation: after falling leaves autumn and winter, from robust growth, gather well-grown 1 year raw branch without the careless cherry tree of damage by disease and insect, select to grow the branch substantial, gemma is full, branch thick is greater than 0.5 cm and cut the section of being cut into, as cuttings every 10 cm;
2) collection of scion and preparation: growth selection is healthy and strong and without the black pearl cherry tree of damage by disease and insect, cut leaf bud full 1 year raw branch with sharp secateurs cutter from this cherry tree, branch thick is about 0.5 cm, uses as scion;
3) grafting: be that 45° angle is splayed and is about the short bevel of 2 cm by the full bud lower end of black pearl cherry scion, then cut a flat plagioclase bevel at its offside band xylem, under its upper end a little higher than opposite, cutter place; 1 full bud is stayed in scion, cuts and cuts, require that clip is level and smooth at cm place, bud upper end 0.5.The careless level and smooth side of cherry cuttings is selected slightly to be with the downward vertical cut of xylem, kerf width and the degree of depth and the long bevel of scion adapt, the degree of depth is generally the long level and smooth tangent plane of 2 ~ 3 cm, long for scion bevel is inserted cuttings otch inwards, makes scion and cuttings form layer alignment, slightly firmly scion is extruded downwards, it is made to combine closely, then with grafting membrane, the cross section of cutting of scion and cuttings is all tightly wrapped Bao Yan, then a headband is risen pushes down scion top clip, pull down tie solid;
4) storage of cuttings: the cuttings sheared is put into ready carton, during placement, cuttings direction is consistent, and protect sprout, then by plastic film covering, indoor room temperature 5 ~ 10 DEG C storage, lifted film to cover for ventilative 1 ~ 2 hour every 3 ~ 5 days, after two weeks, bottom cuttings, callus starts to be formed again;
5) seedbed prepares: spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2500 kg become thoroughly decomposed early winter every mu, then plough deeply, the degree of depth is 30 ~ 40 cm.Second Year is made into 1.2 m wide seedbed spring, applies N-P-K content than the composite fertilizer for 15:15:15 before making seedbed by the amount of 25 kg/ mus, then rakes thin, accomplishes the smooth no-sundries in face, seedbed, cover black mulch film, prepare cuttage;
6) cuttage: when spring temperature goes back up to 10 DEG C, the cuttings of storage is taken out, check cuttings base portion, the cuttings of adularescent callus is selected to carry out cuttage according to the distance of seeding row spacing 10 cm, the cuttage degree of depth is 5 cm, the dark jack of 5 cm should be made a call to before cuttage on seedbed in case cuttage time the damage cuttings base portion callus that formed;
8) manage after cuttage: with embodiment 1.
With the strain of said method breeding black pearl cherry 500, after one month, statistics survives quantity is 485 strains, and survival rate is 97%; Through the cultivation of 1 year, it was 474 strains that statistics survives quantity, and survival rate can reach 94.8%, and seedling height all can reach 1.5 more than m, and rugosity can reach 1.0 more than cm, realizes nursery stock grafting then and goes out garden then.
Embodiment 3
The cuttage breeding method that cherry rootstock selects blue or green skin cherry, scion is black pearl cherry, concrete steps are as follows:
1) collection of stock cuttings and preparation: after falling leaves autumn and winter, from robust growth, gather well-grown 1 year raw branch without the blue or green skin cherry cherry tree of damage by disease and insect, select to grow the branch substantial, gemma is full, branch thick is greater than 0.8 cm and cut the section of being cut into, as cuttings every 10 cm;
2) collection of scion and preparation: growth selection is healthy and strong and without the black pearl cherry tree of damage by disease and insect, cut leaf bud full 1 year raw branch, use as scion with sharp secateurs cutter from this cherry tree;
3) grafting: be that 45° angle is splayed and is about the short bevel of 2 cm by the full bud lower end of black pearl cherry scion, then cut a flat plagioclase bevel at its offside band xylem, under its upper end a little higher than opposite, cutter place; 2 full buds are stayed in scion, cut and cut, require that clip is level and smooth at cm place, bud upper end 1.0.The careless level and smooth side of cherry cuttings is selected slightly to be with the downward vertical cut of xylem, kerf width and the degree of depth and the long bevel of scion adapt, the degree of depth is generally the long level and smooth tangent plane of 2 ~ 3 cm, long for scion bevel is inserted cuttings otch inwards, makes scion and cuttings form layer alignment, slightly firmly scion is extruded downwards, it is made to combine closely, then with grafting membrane, the cross section of cutting of scion and cuttings is all tightly wrapped Bao Yan, then a headband is risen pushes down scion top clip, pull down tie solid;
4) storage of cuttings: the cuttings sheared is put into ready carton, during placement, cuttings direction is consistent, and protect sprout, then by plastic film covering, indoor room temperature 5 ~ 10 DEG C storage, lifted film to cover for ventilative 1 ~ 2 hour every 3 ~ 5 days, after two weeks, bottom cuttings, callus starts to be formed again;
5) seedbed prepares: spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2500 kg become thoroughly decomposed early winter every mu, then plough deeply, the degree of depth is 30 ~ 40 cm.Second Year is made into 1.2 m wide seedbed spring, applies N-P-K content than the composite fertilizer for 15:15:15 before making seedbed by the amount of 25 kg/ mus, then rakes thin, accomplishes the smooth no-sundries in face, seedbed, cover black mulch film, prepare cuttage;
6) cuttage: when spring temperature goes back up to 10 DEG C, the cuttings of storage is taken out, check cuttings base portion, the cuttings of adularescent callus is selected to carry out cuttage according to the distance of seeding row spacing 10 cm, the cuttage degree of depth is 5 cm, the dark jack of 5 cm should be made a call to before cuttage on seedbed in case cuttage time the damage cuttings base portion callus that formed;
8) manage after cuttage: with embodiment 1.
With the strain of said method breeding black pearl cherry 500, after one month, statistics survives quantity is 477 strains, and survival rate is 95.4%; Through the cultivation of 1 year, it was 446 strains that statistics survives quantity, and survival rate can reach 89.2%, and seedling height all can reach 1.2 more than m, and rugosity can reach 0.5 more than cm, realizes nursery stock grafting then and goes out garden then.
Claims (5)
1. the method for cherry grafting-cuttage breeding, feature comprises the following steps:
1) collection of stock cuttings and preparation: after falling leaves autumn and winter, from robust growth, gather well-grown 1 year raw branch without the cherry rootstock tree of damage by disease and insect, select to grow the branch substantial, gemma is full, branch thick is greater than 0.5 cm and cut the section of being cut into, as cuttings every 10 ~ 15 cm;
2) collection of scion and preparation: growth selection is healthy and strong and cut annotinous branch without on the cherry tree of damage by disease and insect after the autumn and winter fall leaves, and branch thick is greater than 0.3 cm, and the branch section of select tape 1 ~ 2 full bud, uses as scion;
3) grafting: first cut scion and cuttings, then long for scion bevel is inserted cuttings otch inwards, scion and cuttings is made to form layer alignment, slightly firmly scion is extruded downwards, it is made to combine closely, with grafting membrane, the cross section of cutting of scion and cuttings is all tightly wrapped Bao Yan again, then a headband is risen pushes down scion top clip, pull down tie solid;
4) storage of grafting fringe: the cuttings grafted is put in order by shoot growth direction, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, put into the storage box of the good plastic film of paving, and wrap up with plastic film, storage box is in indoor room temperature seasoning, after storage two weeks, raised by plastic film every 3 ~ 5 days, cuttings is ventilative to be wrapped in storage box after 1 ~ 2 hour again;
5) seedbed prepare: in late fall or early winter every mu cuttage and seedling culture spread fertilizer over the fields the fertilizer 2000 ~ 2500 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, then 30 ~ 40 cm are ploughed dark, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied by the amount of 25 ~ 75 kg/ mus before Second Year does seedbed spring, then harrow and carefully rake, make the seedbed of the wide smooth no-sundries of 1.0 ~ 1.2 m, seedbed adopts black film mulching, for cuttage is ready;
6) cuttage: when spring temperature goes back up to more than 10 DEG C, cuttings in storage box is taken out, checks cuttings base portion, select adularescent callus and cuttings well healed,nonsymptomatic with scion, carry out cuttage according to the distance of seeding row spacing 15 ~ 20 cm, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of cutting length;
7) manage after cuttage: after scion rudiment, stay the bud that healthy and strong, form major branch later, all the other buds are erased, later timely except sprouting, in seedling growth process, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer need be executed 4 ~ 5 times, fill with draining in good time, foliage fertilizer is added in conjunction with diseases and pests controlling, through the cultivation of 1 year, seedling height all reached 1.2 more than m, and rugosity reaches 0.5 more than cm.
2. the method for cherry grafting-cuttage breeding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method for cutting scion in step 3): the scion selecting to be less than cuttings rugosity, be that 45° angle is splayed a short bevel in its full bud lower end, be about 2 cm, then cut a flat plagioclase bevel at its offside band xylem, under its upper end a little higher than opposite, cutter place, and 1 ~ 2 full bud is stayed in scion, cut apart from its upper end bud 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm branch section place cut, require that clip is level and smooth.
3. the method for cherry grafting-cuttage breeding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method for cutting cuttings in step 3): select the level and smooth side of cuttings to be slightly with the downward vertical cut of xylem, kerf width and the degree of depth and the long bevel of scion adapt, and the degree of depth is generally the long level and smooth tangent plane of 2 ~ 3 cm.
4. the method for cherry grafting-cuttage breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 4), storage box grafting fringe is 5 ~ 10 DEG C in the seasoning temperature of indoor.
5. the method for cherry grafting-cuttage breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 5), the nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of composite fertilizer is 15:15:15.
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CN105123289A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2015-12-09 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | Cherry grafting method |
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CN105557435A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏阿里巴巴农业科技有限公司 | Cherry rootstock cuttage method |
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