CN106134805B - A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting - Google Patents
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting Download PDFInfo
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- CN106134805B CN106134805B CN201610645165.3A CN201610645165A CN106134805B CN 106134805 B CN106134805 B CN 106134805B CN 201610645165 A CN201610645165 A CN 201610645165A CN 106134805 B CN106134805 B CN 106134805B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting.Selecting careless cherry, (oriental cherry grafts dedicated stock; doubt and belong to cherry strain) current-year branch does stock; oriental cherry excellent variety current-year branch does scion; it is grafted using cut-grafting method; cuttage after first grafting; stock is first taken root after cuttage, a large amount of two secondary roots of graft union after transplanting, forms the firm Flowering Cherry Cultivars seedling of interface.Annual mid or late January was to 2 months early and middle ten days, the excellent variety branch of acquisition robust growth is grafted, cuttage is inserted in greenhouse or directly after grafting, and upper basin is transplanted after stock cuttage root-taking or is directly planted, and induces graft union largely to take root seedling-raising technique by cultivation technique means.This method fully utilizes the advantage of two kinds of mating systems of grafting and cuttage, versatile, is suitble to the expansion of most Flowering Cherry Cultivars and wild oriental cherry germ plasm resource numerous；And grafting part is largely taken root, and graft union is not easy to disconnect, and " big bound feet " phenomenon of common grafting seedling is also not present.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gardens field, the method for culturing seedlings of specifically a kind of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting.
Background technique
Oriental cherry refers to rosaceae cherry category ornamental plant, and the whole world has more than 120 kinds, and the kind of artificial culture is more than 600
It is a.Oriental cherry is mostly deciduous tree, and flower is measured the big florescence and concentrated, extremely beautiful when blooming.Oriental cherry upsurge is risen in China at present, manyly
Area has oriental cherry theme garden, oriental cherry road, and oriental cherry excellent variety nursery stock demand is big, but current most Flowering Cherry Cultivars are with cherry
Based on the band rootstock grafting such as peach, Nanking cherry, production breeding efficiency is not high, and oriental cherry excellent variety seedling is difficult to meet the market demand；
And grafting generally existing " big bound feet " and interface the problem of being easily broken off.Cherry platymiscium belongs to cuttage type difficult to take root,
Currently, the cuttage survival rate of reported Flowering Cherry Cultivars is difficult to reach the requirement of large-scale production nursery mostly.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome oriental cherry to breed problem, proposes a kind of new and effective oriental cherry raising technology,
Solve the problems, such as be stock and scion selection, the determination of grafting time, the cuttage after grafting, in the management, transplanting after cuttage
Basin and final-period management effectively solve oriental cherry and graft hestening rooting problem encountered, in turn by the control of entire techniqueflow
Improve oriental cherry breeding efficiency and oriental cherry nursery stock quality.This method is the cuttage after first grafting using careless cherry current-year branch as stock, benefit
The technology for promoting graft union to take root with grafting.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
(1) seedbed preparation: according to the technical solution made, cuttage seedbed is first got out, is grafted first 5 ~ 7 days, to matrix
Carry out disinfection processing.The seedbed of wide 120cm, long 20 ~ 30m, high 12cm are enclosed with brick.Ready matrix is paved with seedling
Bed, the stromal thickness completed should stay the gap 50 ~ 60cm between two seedbeds in 10cm or more.Seedbed can also use the forest in 32 holes
Cuttage basin cave is laid with, 5 basin cuttage basin cave of every seedbed width direction upper berth, stays the vacant lot 50 ~ 60cm between two seedbeds.
Peat is sufficiently smashed to pieces, perlite sprinkles profoundly water, according to perlite: peat=2:1 proportion be uniformly mixed；Before cuttage
It is poured with 40% formaldehyde, 50 times of liquid or the spray of 0.1% -0.3% potassium permanganate liquid, then covers film enclosing sterilizing, kills soil disease pest.
It is carried out disinfection with formalin, 5 days or so before cuttage, it is necessary to open film and distribute remaining medicine.
(2) stock and fringe bar select: selecting one, two year careless cherry branch as stock, the grass for selecting 0.5 ~ 1.2cm thick
Cherry current-year branch is cut into 5 ~ 7CM long.Oriental cherry excellent variety adopts fringe, should select the maternal plant of robust growth, no disease and pests harm, and clip
The top tip that branch is sturdy, bud is full.The kind that bud and leaf bud can be distinguished should erase the bud in scion before grafting.
It adopts after cladus item cuts, it should be noted that saved in the environment of low-temperature moisture preservation, grafting cannot be completed in the short time, branch application is protected
Fresh film is wrapped up or is embedded in wet sand and saves, and storage temperature is 4 degrees centigrades.
(3) it grafts: selecting annual mid or late January to 2 months early and middle ten days, the grafting work of oriental cherry is carried out, by the oriental cherry of acquisition
Excellent variety branch cuts into the scion of 2-4cm long, guarantees there are 1-2 leaf buds in each scion.Under selection is adopted in cladus item
Portion's montage fringe.Scion upper end is whittled into inclined-plane, and scion lower end is whittled into the section of two Length discrepancies.The notch of stock is from the top of anvil item
The section avris slightly vertical incision of band xylem, by the Yi Tiaojie between stock and the cutting face epithelial layer and white wooden portion of scion
Line is mutually aligned, and forming layer is made to coincide naturally, and stock side is inserted into scion, keeps scion notching edge and stock notching edge tight
Close combination.Then end grain on interface and scion is bandaged with plastic film, when wrapping should expose the leaf bud in scion.
The width of plastic film is advisable with 3cm, and thickness is advisable with 10-30 microns.
(4) cuttage of grafting: after the completion of oriental cherry grafting, the cuttage work of grafting is carried out.The oriental cherry seedling that will be grafted
The wooden cuttage is in ready seedbed.When cuttage, cuttage depth, which is flushed with stock upper end with stromal surface, to be advisable.
(5) cuttage final-period management: amount of water sprayed control in greenhouse was sprayed water 10 seconds at 30-45 minutes, guarantees that temperature is indoor wet
Degree.After cuttage one month, amount of water sprayed should be increased to every 30 minutes and be sprayed 15 seconds or so, in addition, should be directed to every 30 days all seedlings
Stock carries out a bud picking.
3 months or so after cuttage, 80% or more grafting stock is taken root after situation reaches the requirement of hardening, carries out hardening.Refining
Seedling can be carried out in situ and (using the cave cuttage of cuttage basin, can be moved on between hardening), and hardening should follow incremental principle, by
Step reduces water spray stronger ventilation amount.Hardening 25 days or so, when the root of most of seedling is changed into yellowish-brown or brown by white,
Hardening is completed.
(6) basin and final-period management in transplanting: after hardening, using 18X16 nutritive cube or two gallons of pot transplantings, matrix
Height is advisable with covering graft union.Transplanting should select rainy weather to carry out, and after the completion of transplanting, all nursery stocks are placed in the training of cool canopy area
It educates, after transplanting in 10 days, guarantees moisture supply.
Of the invention having the advantages that is grafted using cut-grafting method, and cuttage after first grafting, stock is first taken root after cuttage, is moved
A large amount of two secondary roots of graft union after cultivation form the firm Flowering Cherry Cultivars seedling of interface；Fully utilize grafting and two kinds of cuttage breedings
The advantage of method, it is versatile, it is suitble to the expansion of most Flowering Cherry Cultivars and wild oriental cherry germ plasm resource numerous；And grafting part
It largely takes root, graft union is not easy to disconnect；Stock uses branch form, and grafting operation is easier, substantially increases grafting efficiency；
Not only it had solved the problems, such as that Flowering Cherry Cultivars cuttage is difficult to take root, but also the shortcomings that quasi-complement grafting graft union is easily broken off, while also having kept away
" big bound feet " problem existing for general grafting is exempted from.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting, steps are as follows:
(1) seedbed is laid with and matrix prepares: early Febuary encloses into the seedling of 20m, width 1.2m, high 0.1m with cement brick
Bed.Matrix is paved in seedbed, substrate composition is perlite: peat=2:1, matrix are drenched water.With 0.2% potassium permanganate to base
Matter disinfect within 1-2 days, is covered on stromal surface with plastic foil during disinfection, removes plastic foil after disinfection and distribute 1
It.
(2) stock, scion selection and preservation: Root-stock selection current year is raw, the careless cherry branch of thick 0.8cm or so, long 6cm or so
Item.Scion should, robust growth excellent from kind, no disease and pests harm, choose in the oriental cherry top tip that degree of lignification is high, sprout is full.
It the stock that shears and adopts what cladus item cannot be grafted immediately, is wrapped, be placed in the environment of 4 degrees centigrades with polybag.
(3) it grafts: the scion of the oriental cherry excellent variety branch shearing growth 3cm of acquisition or so guarantees in each scion
There are 1-2 leaf buds.Specific engrafting method uses typical cut-grafting method, and scion upper end is whittled into inclined-plane, and scion lower end is whittled into two not
Isometric section.The notch of stock is from the slightly vertical incision of band xylem of the top section avris of anvil item, by cutting for stock and scion
A boundary line between bevel epithelial layer and white wooden portion is mutually aligned, and forming layer is made to coincide naturally.
(4) cuttage: after the completion of grafting, grafting is inserted in ready seedbed by the distance of 5cm × 5cm.When cuttage
Guarantee that graft union is completely covered in matrix, when cuttage tries not to touch grafting part.Different oriental cherry excellent variety are transferred
Between seedlings picking, there are certain gaps, and mark, in order to avoid obscure.
(5) managed after cuttage, cuttage complete after, temperature is low at this time, oriental cherry bud in a dormant state, the spray of greenhouse
Water is adjusted to spray 10 seconds for 40 minutes.After the beginning of spring, temperature gos up, and part oriental cherry bud starts to sprout, and increases the water spray of greenhouse
Amount was sprayed 15 seconds to 30 minutes, and the bud sprouted on manually erasing stock every 30 days or so.Cherry in 3-May greenhouses
Flower seedling, branches and leaves are tenderer, are chronically in the environment of high temperature and humidity, are easy infection pest and disease damage.Relatively common disease is oriental cherry
Brown spot sprays 2000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl after finding disease in time.After cuttage 90 days, most Flowering Cherry Cultivars Miao Sheng
Root has reached hardening requirement, should gradually decrease amount of water sprayed at this time until not spraying water completely, stronger ventilation amount while controlling water, hardening
After about 20 days or so, oriental cherry root system is changed into brown by white, and hardening terminates.
(6) basin and its final-period management in transplanting after hardening, selects rainy weather, is transplanted.By Flowering Cherry Cultivars seedling
It is transplanted in two gallons of basins, transplants thickness of earth-fill cover to cover grafting notch and be advisable.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting, steps are as follows:
(1) preparation in seedbed and matrix: by the end of January, will match as perlite: peat=2:1 matrix is uniformly mixed, and is used in combination
The disinfection of 0.3% potassium permanganate.It is laid with seedbed with 32 hole forest cuttage cave seed plates, 5 cave seed plates of pendulum are (wide about in the width direction of seedbed
1.4m), there are the 0.5-gaps 0.6m between two seedbeds.
(2) stock, scion selection and preservation: Root-stock selection current year is raw, the careless cherry branch of thick 0.8cm or so, long 6cm or so
Item.Scion should, robust growth excellent from kind, no disease and pests harm, choose in the oriental cherry top tip that degree of lignification is high, sprout is full.
It the stock that shears and adopts what cladus item cannot be grafted immediately, is wrapped, be placed in the environment of 4 degrees centigrades with polybag.
(3) it grafts: the scion of the oriental cherry excellent variety branch shearing growth 3cm of acquisition or so guarantees in each scion
There are 1-2 leaf buds.Specific engrafting method uses typical cut-grafting method, and scion upper end is whittled into inclined-plane, and scion lower end is whittled into two not
Isometric section.The notch of stock is from the slightly vertical incision of band xylem of the top section avris of anvil item, by cutting for stock and scion
A boundary line between bevel epithelial layer and white wooden portion is mutually aligned, and forming layer is made to coincide naturally.
(4) cuttage: being stained with 1000mg/L NAA solution 5 seconds for the Flowering Cherry Cultivars Miao Su grafted, and chooses Samantabhadra as, Ryukyu
Cuttage (the results are shown in Table 1) after same treatment is done in red cherry, sunlight, red China, the lucky wild 5 kind cuttings of dye well.Cuttage is ready
In the seed plate of cave, one, every hole seedling, different Flowering Cherry Cultivars are marked.Do not touch graft union when cuttage as far as possible, cuttage depth with
Stock upper end is flushed with stromal surface to be advisable.
(5) managed after cuttage: cuttage complete after, temperature is low at this time, oriental cherry bud in a dormant state, the spray of greenhouse
Water is adjusted to spray 10 seconds for 40 minutes.After the beginning of spring, temperature gos up, and part oriental cherry bud starts to sprout, and increases the water spray of greenhouse
Amount was sprayed 15 seconds to 30 minutes, and the bud sprouted on manually erasing stock every 30 days or so.Cherry in 3-May greenhouses
Flower seedling, branches and leaves are tenderer, are chronically in the environment of high temperature and humidity, are easy infection pest and disease damage.Relatively common disease is oriental cherry
Brown spot sprays 2000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl after finding disease in time.After cuttage after 90 days, cuttage cave seed plate is moved on into refining
Hardening is carried out between seedling, is paid attention to divulging information during hardening and is gradually reduced amount of water sprayed.
(6) it transplanting and its final-period management: after hardening 1 month, arrives in plum rain season or continuous rainy weather pervious
Cloudy day is transplanted, and will be transplanted under the Flowering Cherry Cultivars seedling refined.According to nursery stock product orientation and expected cultivation time, it is fixed to determine
The spacing of plant.This example is expected to cultivate 2 years or so outplantings, and field planting spacing is 50cm × 50cm.When transplanting thickness of earth-fill cover with
Stock top, which is completely covered, in soil is advisable, and it is upright that when transplanting is subject to the branch that scion is newly extracted out.
Simple pergola should be set up after transplanting in time, summer pays attention to shade and moisture supply.After transplanting 20 days, impose primary multiple
Hefei or organic fertilizer.In two season of summer and autumn, pay attention to weeding, after autumn has set in, then applies 1 ~ 2 compound fertilizer.
1. part Flowering Cherry Cultivars of table graft shoot survival percent and cuttage survival rate compares
| It is Samantabhadra as | The red cherry in Ryukyu | Sunlight | Red China | Contaminate well Ji Ye | |
| Graft survival rate | 100% | 96.55% | 97.44% | 95.24% | 90.14% |
| Cuttage survival rate | 9.5% | 6% | 3.5% | 11.5% | 23% |
Embodiment 3
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting, steps are as follows:
(1) preparation in seedbed: the sundries such as stone and tree root therein are removed, by 1.5 meters in the fertile loose plot of selection
Width does furrow trench digging.Apply decomposed organic fertilizer, manually turns uniformly, break large clod into pieces, flattened faces, and with 0.3% permanganic acid
Potassium disinfection treatment.Watering in 1-2 days guarantees soil moisture before cuttage, and in covered ground black plastic mulch, film thickness with
6-8 microns are advisable.
(2) stock, scion selection and preservation: Root-stock selection current year is raw, the careless cherry branch of thick 0.8cm or so, long 7cm or so
Item.Scion should, robust growth excellent from kind, no disease and pests harm, choose in the oriental cherry top tip that degree of lignification is high, sprout is full.
It the stock that shears and adopts what cladus item cannot be grafted immediately, is wrapped, be placed in the environment of 4 degrees centigrades with polybag.
(3) it grafts: the scion of the oriental cherry excellent variety branch shearing growth 3cm of acquisition or so guarantees in each scion
There are 1-2 leaf buds.Specific engrafting method uses typical cut-grafting method, and scion upper end is whittled into inclined-plane, and scion lower end is whittled into two not
Isometric section.The notch of stock is from the slightly vertical incision of band xylem of the top section avris of anvil item, by cutting for stock and scion
A boundary line between bevel epithelial layer and white wooden portion is mutually aligned, and forming layer is made to coincide naturally.
(4) after the completion of grafting, cuttage work cuttage: is carried out on preprepared plot immediately.First use chopsticks or small
Waddy aperture on black plastic mulch, aperture spacing are 18cm × 18cm.The cuttage Flowering Cherry Cultivars in the hole held successfully in advance
Seedling, cuttage depth, which is flushed with stock upper end with mulch, to be advisable.
(5) it is managed after cuttage: after oriental cherry lamina, the branch sprouted on a stock was removed every 30 days, and pay attention to observing
Whether oriental cherry branches and leaves are normal, this stage oriental cherry is easy infection brown spot and runs into 2000 times of thiophanate methyl immediately after finding disease
Liquid.May early and middle ten days, the aperture on the mulch of every two oriental cherry seedlings middle position, and apply compound fertilizer in institute's hole-opening.It can also be
In oriental cherry growth course, with Foliar Spraying top dressing.
(6) transplant: one Nian Yihou of cuttage after graft union position is largely taken root, can be transplanted, and soil is complete when transplanting
Cover graft union.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., is all included in the scope of protection of the present invention within principle.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
1) seedbed preparation: first getting out cuttage seedbed, encloses seedbed with brick, and ready matrix is paved with seedbed, grafting
It first 5 ~ 7 days, carries out disinfection processing to matrix；
2) stock and fringe bar select: the careless cherry current-year branch for selecting 0.5 ~ 1.2cm thick is cut into 5 ~ 7CM long as stock, fringe
Item selection oriental cherry excellent variety adopts fringe, should select the maternal plant of robust growth, no disease and pests harm, and clip branch is sturdy, bud is full
Top tip can distinguish the kind of bud and leaf bud, should erase the bud in scion before grafting, adopt after cladus item cuts, answer
Pay attention to saving in the environment of low-temperature moisture preservation, grafting cannot be completed in the short time, branch application preservative film is wrapped up or is embedded in
It is saved in wet sand；
3) it grafts: annual mid or late January to 2 months early and middle ten days being selected to be grafted, the oriental cherry excellent variety branch of acquisition is sheared
At the scion of 2-4cm long, guarantee there are 1-2 leaf buds in each scion, cladus middle and lower part montage fringe, scion upper end are adopted in selection
It is whittled into inclined-plane, scion lower end is whittled into the section of two Length discrepancies, and the notch of stock is from the top section avris of anvil item slightly with wooden
A boundary line between stock and the cutting face epithelial layer and white wooden portion of scion is mutually aligned, makes shape by the vertical incision in portion
Stratification is coincide naturally, and stock side is inserted into scion, scion notching edge and stock notching edge is made to combine closely, then with modeling
Expect end grain in the good interface of film bundling and scion, when wrapping should expose the leaf bud in scion；
4) after the completion of oriental cherry grafting, the cuttage work of grafting, the oriental cherry nursery stock cuttage that will be grafted the cuttage of grafting: are carried out
In ready seedbed, when cuttage, cuttage depth is subject to stock upper end and is flushed with stromal surface；
5) cuttage final-period management: amount of water sprayed control in greenhouse was sprayed water 10 seconds at 30-45 minutes, guarantees the indoor humidity of temperature, skewer
After inserting one month, amount of water sprayed is increased to every 30 minutes and is sprayed 15 seconds or so, and every 30 days, all seedlings should be carried out for stock
Bud picking, 3 months or so after cuttage, 80% or more grafting stock is taken root after situation reaches the requirement of hardening, carries out hardening,
Hardening should follow incremental principle, gradually reduce water spray stronger ventilation amount, hardening 25 days or so, when the root of most of seedling
Yellowish-brown or brown are changed by white, hardening is completed；
6) upper basin and final-period management are transplanted: after hardening, using 18cm × 16cm nutritive cube or two gallons of pot transplantings, matrix
Height, which is subject to, covers graft union, and transplanting should select rainy weather to carry out, and after the completion of transplanting, all nursery stocks are placed in the training of cool canopy area
It educates, after transplanting in 10 days, guarantees moisture supply.
2. a kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that use brick in step 1)
Block encloses the seedbed of wide 120cm, long 20 ~ 30m, high 12cm, and the stromal thickness completed should stay between two seedbeds in 10cm or more
The gap 50 ~ 60cm, seedbed can also be laid with the forest cuttage basin cave in 32 holes, 5 basin cuttage basin of every seedbed width direction upper berth
Cave.
3. a kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step 1)
Matrix be peat is sufficiently smashed to pieces, perlite sprinkles profoundly water, according to perlite: peat=2:1 weight proportion be uniformly mixed obtains,
To matrix carry out disinfection processing method be with 40% formaldehyde, 50 times of liquid or 0.1% -0.3% potassium permanganate liquid spray pour, then cover
Film enclosing sterilizing kills soil disease pest, is carried out disinfection with formalin, 5 days or so before cuttage, film is opened more than distributing
Medicine.
4. a kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that branch in step 2
Storage temperature is 4 degrees Celsius.
5. a kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that plastics in step 3)
The width of film is 3cm, with a thickness of 10-30 microns.
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| CN104823794A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-12 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Cherry grafting and cutting propagation method |
| CN105746180A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-07-13 | 烟台市林业技术推广站 | Method for grafting and propagating oriental cherry by use of cherry rootstock |
| CN105746186A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-07-13 | 句容市绿润苗木有限公司 | Root grafting propagation method for cherry trees |
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