CN108243755B - Cherry grafting propagation method - Google Patents
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- CN108243755B CN108243755B CN201810126612.3A CN201810126612A CN108243755B CN 108243755 B CN108243755 B CN 108243755B CN 201810126612 A CN201810126612 A CN 201810126612A CN 108243755 B CN108243755 B CN 108243755B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cherry grafting propagation method, which is characterized in that proper scions and stocks and a grafting and management method suitable for the scions and the stocks are selected, so that the survival rate of grafted cherry is high, and the problem of poor affinity of the scions and the stocks grafted by the cherry in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oriental cherry propagation, and particularly relates to an oriental cherry grafting propagation method.
Background
Oriental cherry is a generic term for plants of the typical genus Cerasus (sub g. Cerasus) of the family Rosaceae (Rosaceae) ceralidae (pruneidea) Cerasus (Cerasus). About 150 species are distributed throughout the world, in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere such as asia, europe, and north america, and the main species are distributed in china, japan, and korea. There are 38 species and 8 varieties in China; among them, 10 species are available in Zhejiang province, which accounts for 1/4 national resources. Cherry blossom is one of early-spring flowering plants in Zhejiang province, and has the advantages of abundant germplasm resources, wide distribution range, large morphological variation and abundant flower colors. The cherry blossom has tall and tall and tall trees and short and dense shrubs, the number of flowers is large, the cherry blossom is single tree and becomes landscape, and the flowers are extremely shocked when being planted in pieces. The wild oriental cherry has stronger disease and pest resistance and adaptability than Japanese oriental cherry varieties after long-term natural selection.
The fruits of wild cherry blossom, cherry, are food for birds in nature, and the fruits are eaten by birds after being immature or mature, so that a large amount of wild seeds are difficult to collect. Compared with Japanese oriental cherry varieties, the domestic wild oriental cherry varieties are difficult to reproduce asexually, and the survival rates of cuttage and grafting are low. The method is characterized in that the stock commonly used for grafting Japanese varieties is used for grafting the wild oriental cherry, the compatibility of the scion and the stock is poor, the grafting part can have the phenomena of swelling, bark warping, cracks and the like, the grafting port is easy to break after the seedling is formed, and the root system of the stock is easy to have the root cancer.
The wild cherry blossom excellent plants are bright in color, large in flower quantity, high in growth speed and strong in resistance, the propagation materials are few, excellent properties are reserved as far as possible, excellent resources are saved, the number of excellent individual plants is increased rapidly, and the suitable grafting method of the domestic wild cherry blossom is urgently found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cherry grafting propagation method, which is used for solving the problem of poor affinity between cherry grafting scions and stocks in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cherry grafting propagation method comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting spike strips: collecting branches on the wild cherry blossom sprouts as scions after winter solstice;
(2) wax sealing and cold storage of the fringe: trimming collected scion slivers, sealing the scion slivers with hot wax, wrapping and sealing the scion slivers with preservative films, and storing the scion slivers in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
(3) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong Fujian mountain cherry blossom growing for 4-5 years, reserving 5-6 primary branches for each plant, cutting off the rest branches, and using the reserved primary branches as stocks;
(4) grafting scions: cutting the collected scions into 4-5 cm long scions in the middle ten days of 1 month, reserving 1-2 full leaf buds on each scion, obliquely cutting the upper part of each scion by 0.5-1.0 cm, obliquely cutting one side of the lower part of each scion by 1.5-2.0 cm, obliquely cutting the other opposite side by 0.5-1.0 cm, and forming asymmetric wedges on the two sides; the upper end of the stock is cut into a flat opening, and a part with a xylem on the smooth side is vertically cut to a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm (sometimes, a joint of a previous secondary branch exists on one side, so that one side is not smooth, and if the condition occurs, the smooth side is selected); inserting the cut scions into the cuts of the stocks, wherein the cut surfaces of the scions with the bevel lengths of 1.5-2.0 cm face the medulla and are aligned with the cambium of the stocks, finally binding and fixing the scions by using a transparent plastic preservative film to ensure that 1 full leaf bud is exposed outside, and sealing the cut surfaces at the upper parts of the scions by using the preservative film to reduce the water loss of the scions;
(5) bagging: sleeving a self-sealing bag on the grafted scion, covering the grafting part of the stock, and sealing; when the temperature rises to 10-15 ℃, opening the sealing part of the self-sealing bag, removing the self-sealing bag after one week of adaptation, and removing the plastic freshness-keeping tape binding the grafting opening after 2 months and the healing of the grafting opening;
(6) cultivation management: and (3) normal water and fertilizer management is carried out on the grafted clone nursery stocks, tender shoots on the stocks are timely erased after the temperature is warmed up, and partial grafted scions with flower buds are timely erased, so that the nutrient consumption is avoided. Fertilizing for 2 times every year in spring and autumn, respectively, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer, and adding oil cake properly. Less plant diseases and insect pests are treated extensively, and the prevention and treatment are only carried out by adopting common pesticides.
Preferably, the branches selected for collecting the scions (namely the branches on the sprouts) are robust, have plump leaf buds and diameters of 0.5-1.0 cm.
Preferably, the primula forbesii is selected to have the best effect when the base diameter is 4-5 cm.
Preferably, the primary branches retained in step (3) have a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 cm.
Preferably, the width of the preservative film in the step (4) is 1.5-2.0 cm.
More preferably, in the step (4), the bevel angle of the upper part of the scion is 45-60 degrees, the bevel angle of one side of the lower part of the scion is 10-20 degrees, and the bevel angle of the other opposite side is 20-35 degrees.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the cherry blossom grafting method, the proper scion and the proper stock are selected and the grafting and management method suitable for the scion and the stock is adopted, so that the survival rate of the grafted cherry blossom is high, and the problem of poor affinity of the cherry blossom grafting scion and the stock in the prior art is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of wickers preserved with wax;
FIG. 2 is a real view of the growth of 5-year-old Fujian mountain cherry before grafting;
FIG. 3 is a growth diagram of 5-year-old Fujian cherry blossoms after grafting;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of scion grafting;
in the figure, the leftmost side is the combination of the scion and the rootstock, and the middle is the bound scion and the rootstock; the right side is a single plant grafting schematic diagram;
FIG. 5 is a real scene picture of the grafted bags;
FIG. 6 shows the cherry blossom scion growth after removal of the binding tape.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Example one
A cherry grafting propagation method comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting spike strips: collecting branches with robust growth, plump leaf buds and a diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm on the wild cherry blossom sprouts as scions after winter solstice;
(2) wax sealing and cold storage of the fringe: trimming collected scion slivers, sealing the scion slivers with hot wax, wrapping and sealing the scion slivers with preservative films, and storing the scion slivers in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
(3) selecting the rootstock: selecting Fujian cherry blossom which is 4 years old, strong in growth and 4-5 cm in base diameter, reserving 5 primary branches with the diameter of 0.5-1.5 cm for each plant, cutting off the rest branches, and reserving the primary branches as stocks;
(4) grafting scions: in 1-month middle ten days, cutting collected scions into 4-5 cm long scions, reserving 1 full leaf bud on each scion, obliquely cutting the upper parts of the scions by 0.5-1.0 cm at an oblique cutting angle of 45-60 degrees, obliquely cutting one side of the lower parts of the scions by 1.5-2.0 cm at an oblique cutting angle of 10-20 degrees, obliquely cutting the other side by 0.5-1.0 cm at an opposite oblique cutting angle of 20-35 degrees, and forming asymmetric wedges on two sides; the upper end of the stock is cut into a flat opening, and a part with a slight xylem on the smooth side is vertically cut to a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm; inserting the cut scion into a stock cut, wherein a section of the scion with the bevel of 1.5-2.0 cm is towards the medulla and is aligned with a cambium of the stock, and finally, binding and fixing the scion by using a transparent plastic preservative film with the width of 1.5-2.0 cm to ensure that 1 full leaf bud is exposed outside, and sealing the section of the upper part of the scion by using a preservative film to reduce water loss of the scion;
(5) bagging: sleeving a self-sealing bag on the grafted scion, covering the grafting part of the stock, and sealing; when the temperature rises to 10 ℃, opening the sealing part of the self-sealing bag, removing the self-sealing bag after the self-sealing bag is adapted for one week, and removing the plastic freshness-keeping tape binding the grafting opening after 2 months and the grafting opening is healed;
(6) cultivation management: and (3) normal water and fertilizer management is carried out on the grafted clone nursery stocks, tender shoots on the stocks are timely erased after the temperature is warmed up, and partial grafted scions with flower buds are timely erased, so that the nutrient consumption is avoided. Fertilizing for 2 times every year in spring and autumn, respectively, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer, and adding oil cake properly. Less plant diseases and insect pests are treated extensively, and the prevention and treatment are only carried out by adopting common pesticides.
Example two
A cherry grafting propagation method comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting spike strips: collecting branches with robust growth, plump leaf buds and a diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm on the wild cherry blossom sprouts as scions after winter solstice;
(2) wax sealing and cold storage of the fringe: trimming collected scion sticks, sealing the scion sticks with hot wax, wrapping and sealing the scion sticks with a preservative film (figure 1), and storing the scion sticks in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
(3) selecting the rootstock: selecting 5-year-old, strongly-grown Fujian cherry blossom (figure 2) with a base diameter of 4-5 cm, reserving 6 primary branches with the diameter of 0.5-1.5 cm for each plant, cutting off the rest branches, and reserving the primary branches as stocks;
(4) grafting scions: in 1-month middle ten days, cutting collected scions into 4-5 cm long scions, reserving 2 full leaf buds on each scion, obliquely cutting the upper parts of the scions by 0.5-1.0 cm at an oblique cutting angle of 45-60 degrees, obliquely cutting one side of the lower parts of the scions by 1.5-2.0 cm at an oblique cutting angle of 10-20 degrees, obliquely cutting the other side of the scions by 0.5-1.0 cm at an oblique cutting angle of 20-35 degrees, and forming asymmetric wedges on two sides; the upper end of the stock is cut into a flat opening, and a part with a xylem on the smooth side is vertically cut to a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm (sometimes, a joint of a previous secondary branch exists on one side, so that one side is not smooth, and if the condition occurs, the smooth side is selected); inserting the cut scions into the cuts of the stocks, wherein the cut surfaces of the scions with the bevel lengths of 1.5-2.0 cm face the medulla and are aligned with the cambium of the stocks, and finally, binding and fixing the scions by transparent plastic preservative films with the widths of 1.5-2.0 cm to ensure that 1 full leaf bud is exposed outside, and sealing the cut surfaces at the upper parts of the scions by the preservative films to reduce the water loss of the scions (fig. 3 and 4);
(5) bagging: sleeving a self-sealing bag on the grafted scion (figure 5), covering the grafting part of the stock, and sealing; when the temperature rises to 15 ℃, the sealing part of the self-sealing bag is opened, after the self-sealing bag is adapted for one week, the self-sealing bag is removed, and after 2 months, the grafting opening is healed, the plastic fresh-keeping belt binding the grafting opening is removed (figure 6);
(6) cultivation management: and (3) normal water and fertilizer management is carried out on the grafted clone nursery stocks, tender shoots on the stocks are timely erased after the temperature is warmed up, and partial grafted scions with flower buds are timely erased, so that the nutrient consumption is avoided. Fertilizing for 2 times every year in spring and autumn, respectively, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer, and adding oil cake properly. Less plant diseases and insect pests are treated extensively, and the prevention and treatment are only carried out by adopting common pesticides.
In order to prove the beneficial effects of the invention and to obtain a preferred scheme, the inventors also carried out the following tests, in particular as follows:
first, test materials
Oriental cherry (c.discoidea), thunberg cherry (c.schneideriana), large leaf early cherry (c.subfurtella), mountain cherry blossom (c.serrulata), chinese cherry (c.conradinace) and tail leaf cherry (c.dielisiana).
Second, test
Test 1: comparison of grafts at different sites
The invention adopts the branches on the wild oriental cherry sprout tillers as spike strips; in the control group 1, 1 year old branches at the upper part of the crown of a wild oriental cherry tree are used as scions; 3-6 individuals were selected for each oriental cherry, and 30 scions were collected for each individual as replicates. The grafting and management methods were identical and compared, and the results are shown in table 1.
And (4) counting the survival rate: and (4) counting the survival rate of the grafted oriental cherry in 12 months, taking the bud and the long branch of the scion and the seedling as survival standards, and counting the length, the thickness and the number of branches of the grafted branch. The average survival rate of cherry blossom grafting by taking a shoot as a scion is 83 percent, the average branch length is 102.70cm, the average thickness is 16.20mm, and the average number of branches is 6.51; the average survival rate of grafting of the control group 1 taking the branch growing in 1 year at the upper part of the crown as the scion is 46 percent on average, the average branch length is 61.33cm, the average thickness is 11.39mm, and the average number of branches is 4.69.
TABLE 1 comparison of different position scion grafts of different oriental cherries
Taking 6 different oriental cherries as test materials, selecting shoot branches and annual branches as scions to carry out grafting test, and obtaining that compared with the method that 1-year-old branches are taken as scions, the shoot branches are taken as scions, the grafting survival rate is higher, the grafting survival rate of different species is more than 70%, and the average survival rate is 83%; the growth amount (length and thickness) and branch number of the grafting scion are all higher than 1 year-old scion. The shoot of the wild cherry blossom is more suitable to be used as the grafting scion.
Experiment 2 comparison of grafting of different stocks
The method adopts fujian mountain cherry blossom as a stock; the control group 2 adopts cerasus serrulata as a stock; 3-6 individuals were selected for each oriental cherry, and 30 plants were grafted per individual as replicates. The grafting and management methods were identical and compared, the results of which are shown in table 2.
And (4) counting the survival rate: counting the survival rate of the grafted cherry blossom in 12 months, taking the scion bud, long branch and seedling as survival standards, taking the cherry blossom in Fujian mountain as a rootstock, wherein the average survival rate of the grafted cherry blossom is 83%, the average branch length is 102.70cm, and the average thickness is 16.20 mm; the average survival rate of grafting of the control group 2 taking the cerasus serrulata as the rootstock is 52 percent, the average branch length is 30.19cm, and the average thickness is 4.24 mm.
TABLE 2 comparison of different rootstock grafts for different oriental cherries
6 different oriental cherry flowers are used as test materials, and the oriental cherry flowers and the oriental cherry are selected as stocks to carry out grafting tests, so that the grafting survival rate is higher by taking the oriental cherry flowers as the stocks, and is 31% higher than the average survival rate by taking the oriental cherry as the stocks in the comparison group 2. The cerasus serrulata Franch is more suitable to be used as a stock for grafting the wild cerasus serrulata Franch than the cerasus serrulata Franch.
Test 3: comparison of grafting conditions of Fujian mountain cherry flowers of different seedling ages as stocks
The invention adopts 4-5 years old strong Fujian mountain cherry primary branch as stock, and the contrast group 3 adopts 1 year old Fujian mountain cherry as stock; 3-6 individuals were selected for each oriental cherry, and 30 plants were grafted per individual as replicates. Grafting and management methods were identical and were compared, and the results are shown in table 3.
And (4) counting the survival rate: counting the survival rate of the grafted cherry blossom in 12 months, taking scion bud long branches and seedling as survival standards, taking the first-level branch of the Fujian cherry blossom of 4-5 years as a stock, wherein the average survival rate of the grafting is 83%, the average branch length is 102.70cm, and the average thickness is 16.20 mm; the average survival rate of grafting of a control group 3 taking 1-year-old Fujian mountain cherry blossoms as rootstocks is 44 percent averagely, the average branch length (seedling height) is 50.46cm, and the average thickness is 5.58 mm.
TABLE 3 comparison of grafting of Fujian mountain cherry flowers of different seedling ages as stocks
6 different oriental cherry flowers are used as test materials, and the oriental cherry flowers with different seedling ages are selected as the stocks to carry out grafting tests, so that the grafting survival rate of the oriental cherry flowers growing for 4-5 years serving as the stocks is higher than the average survival rate of a control group 3 which uses 1-year-old oriental cherry flowers as the stocks, and the oriental cherry trees are more suitable to be used as excellent stocks for grafting wild oriental cherry flowers.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A cherry grafting propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting spike strips: collecting branches on the wild cherry blossom sprouts as scions after winter solstice; the wild cherry blossom is big leaf early cherry and Huazhong cherry;
(2) wax sealing and cold storage of the fringe: trimming collected scion slivers, sealing the scion slivers with hot wax, wrapping and sealing the scion slivers with preservative films, and storing the scion slivers in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
(3) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong Fujian mountain cherry blossom growing for 4-5 years, reserving 5-6 primary branches for each plant, cutting off the rest branches, and using the reserved primary branches as stocks;
(4) grafting scions: cutting the collected scions into 4-5 cm long scions in the middle ten days of 1 month, reserving 1-2 full leaf buds on each scion, obliquely cutting the upper part of each scion by 0.5-1.0 cm, obliquely cutting one side of the lower part of each scion by 1.5-2.0 cm, obliquely cutting the other opposite side by 0.5-1.0 cm, and forming asymmetric wedges on the two sides; the upper end of the stock is cut into a flat opening, and a part with a slight xylem on the smooth side is vertically cut to a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm; inserting the cut scions into the cuts of the stocks, wherein the cut surfaces of the scions with the bevel lengths of 1.5-2.0 cm face the medulla and are aligned with the cambium of the stocks, finally binding and fixing the scions by using a transparent plastic preservative film to ensure that 1 full leaf bud is exposed outside, and sealing the cut surfaces at the upper parts of the scions by using the preservative film to reduce the water loss of the scions;
(5) bagging: sleeving a self-sealing bag on the grafted scion, covering the grafting part of the stock, and sealing; when the temperature rises to 10-15 ℃, opening the sealing part of the self-sealing bag, removing the self-sealing bag after one week of adaptation, and removing the plastic freshness-keeping tape binding the grafting opening after 2 months and the healing of the grafting opening;
(6) cultivation management: and (3) normal water and fertilizer management is carried out on the grafted clone nursery stocks, tender shoots on the stocks are timely erased after the temperature is warmed up, and the grafted scions with flower buds are timely erased, so that the nutrient consumption is avoided.
2. The oriental cherry grafting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the branches on the sprouts in the step (1) are robust, plump in leaf buds and 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter.
3. The oriental cherry grafting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the basal diameter of the oriental cherry is 4-5 cm.
4. The oriental cherry grafting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the primary branch retained in the step (3) is 0.5-1.5 cm.
5. The oriental cherry grafting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the width of the preservative film in the step (4) is 1.5-2.0 cm.
6. The oriental cherry grafting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the upper bevel angle of the scion is 45-60 °, the bevel angle of one side of the lower part of the scion is 10-20 °, and the bevel angle of the other opposite side is 20-35 °.
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| CN108934518A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2018-12-07 | 林昌礼 | A kind of sweetgum container seedling engrafting method |
| CN109258159B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2021-06-22 | 三明市三元区楼源苗圃 | Intensive and efficient grafting seedling method for cherokee rose |
| CN109197363A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-15 | 三明市三元区楼源苗圃 | A kind of high efficiency seedling cultivating method keeping underbrown japanese cherry merit |
| CN111802157A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-23 | 宁波城市职业技术学院 | Stock selection method for domestic main cultivated variety oriental cherry |
| CN111802165A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-23 | 宁波城市职业技术学院 | Method capable of remarkably improving success rate of oriental cherry grafting in summer |
| CN113973601A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-28 | 湖南省植物园 | Simple and efficient oriental cherry grafting and breeding method |
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| CN103918487B (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2016-07-06 | 华艺生态园林股份有限公司 | A kind of oriental cherry engrafting method |
| CN105230353B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-02-23 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of grafting of perennial walnut of growing directly from seeds and tree body shaping methods |
| CN106134805B (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2019-05-03 | 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting |
| CN107094505A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-08-29 | 武汉市园林科学研究所 | A kind of method of Chinese red oriental cherry high position grafting |
| CN107155779A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-15 | 芜湖欧标农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Aesculus pavia |
| CN107333571A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree engrafting method |
| CN107624401A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of walnut height, which connects, changes excellent budding method |
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