CN102845235A - Barbadosnut cleft grafting fast-growing method - Google Patents
Barbadosnut cleft grafting fast-growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102845235A CN102845235A CN2011102792764A CN201110279276A CN102845235A CN 102845235 A CN102845235 A CN 102845235A CN 2011102792764 A CN2011102792764 A CN 2011102792764A CN 201110279276 A CN201110279276 A CN 201110279276A CN 102845235 A CN102845235 A CN 102845235A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a barbadosnut cleft grafting fast-growing method which comprises a cleft grafting method and management steps after cleft grafting, wherein the cleft grafting method consists of spike plucking, spike processing, stock sawing, spike shaving, stock chopping, spike insertion and binding steps. The spike plucking step comprises collecting annual barbadosnut wattles which are lignified or semi-lignified, full in bud eyes and free from plant diseases and insect pests, and removing leaves in time after collection and packaging the wattles with newspaper for use. Spikes grafted by adopting the method provided by the invention grow fast and can grow to 50cm in one month, and trees cleft grafted in the current year bear fruits in the current year. A single plant bears 0.3 kilograms of fruits, and yield per mu is 66 kilograms of fruits. One hundred days after cleft grafting, by adopting the method provided by the invention, the base diameter, the length, the number of leaves and branches, and the fruit bearing quantity of new shoots can respectively be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cleft grafting technology, particularly the technology of the quick germination of Jatropha curcas bud grafting and Fast Growth.
Background technology
Jatropha curcas belongs to Euphorbiaceae Jatropha evergreen or half machaka or dungarunga seeds in Plant Taxonomy.It is high 1.5～4.0m generally, reaches as high as 10m.Root system is very flourishing, and trunk and branch are sturdy, and the trunk diameter can reach more than the 20cm.Old dry ash brown, sprig is grayish green to peak green, and branch is smooth, and medulla is flourishing, and the dried heart is soft to hollow.Single leaf alternate, oval, length and width are closely equal, and 3～5 split or do not divide, and base portion is heart-shaped, has the yellow green gland to put 2 points, 5～7 of veins, palmate is arranged, and petiole reaches more than the 15cm.Flower is unisexual flower, and monoecism is arranged in the poly-loose inflorescence that internal organs is given birth to or give birth on the top; Corolla yellow green, 5 pieces of male flowers, female flower be without petal, 3 pieces of styles, ovary Room 2～3.Capsule is oval or subsphaeroidal, footpath 1.5～3.0cm, and there is point on the top.2～3 in seed, ellipse, black.Florescence, in 9～October, fruit was ripe before and after the May of dry season end.The Jatropha curcas tree originates in the torrid areas, South America, extensively cultivates in torrid areas, the world now.In Taiwan of south China, the provinces and regions such as Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou all have cultivation or semi-wild to distribute.The dry-hot valley that the basin height above sea level 1600～1800m such as the south in Yunnan Province, the west and south, middle part and Jinsha jiang River, the Lancang River, Nujiang, Red River, Yuanjiang River are following is by alluviation area, limes marginis field bund, the stockaded village, as seen highway and Along Railway etc. are all that row is with or little bulk is planted.Sometimes also long with mixed intergrowths such as sparse deciduous tree Panzhihua, bigleafbeautyberry root or leaf, mountain jute, Yunnan silk tree, SEMEN OROXYLI, Piao Shu.Jatropha curcas happiness light, happiness are warmed up, but can be drought-resistant, barren-resistant, and adaptive capacity is stronger.So, Yunnan Province's cultivation Jatropha curcas, should be chosen in height above sea level and be no more than the frostless of 1600m or the south subtropics of light frost is only arranged or mountain region or the location, river valley in the torrid zone.For ensureing the benefit that obtains fast-growing, high yield, high-quality, also should select soil layer deeper, liquid manure is abundant, and plants in well-drained red soil to laterite plot.But also can grow preferably at shallow chad soil, skeleton soil, Calcareous Soil.The fruit of Jatropha curcas is plentiful and substantial, and seed is large, and simultaneously natural regeneration is good.Available seed sowing or bag seedling are afforested, and also the modes such as available branch cutting or cuttage seeding are afforested.Jatropha curcas tree root system is flourishing, has happiness light habit and fast-growing characteristics, and during afforestation, seeding row spacing should be dredged not close.
Jatropha curcas bore fruit after planting usually in 3 years, entered the full bearing period in 5 years, and the picking fruit phase is more than 50 years.It is of many uses, has higher economic worth.It is the primary raw material seeds of obtaining through refining biological environmental production type clean diesel.Its kind grain oil content is very high, and the seed oil content reaches 40.0%, plants the benevolence oil content 50.2%～59.7%.Jatropha curcas oil is applicable to various diesel engines, and approach or be better than diesel oil No. 0 in key technical index such as flash-point, freezing point, sulfur content, CO emission, grain value, generally acknowledged as the world today, most possibly become following substitute fossil energy, have the huge seeds that open potentiality, be called the tree of " helping planet Earth ".In addition, it also has multiple use at aspects such as biological control, ecological, environmental protective, edible and feeding, soapmaking and agricultural, medical treatment and drug developments.But Jatropha curcas planting technology, administrative skill etc. also are in the cultivation of developing stage, particularly improved seeds and promote and all be in the exploratory stage.Therefore, proceed from the reality, the cleft grafting technology of the suitable Jatropha curcas of exploitation is promoted the Jatropha curcas excellent strain effectively, ensures that the curcas biological diesel oil industry is quick, developing in a healthy way has great real value.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention provides the method for a kind of Jatropha curcas cleft grafting and Fast Growth.
This and other purpose of the present invention will be further reflected and elaborated by the following detailed description and explanation.
Jatropha curcas cleft grafting fast-growing method of the present invention, comprise management process after cleft grafting method and the cleft grafting, wherein process, saw anvil and split anvil, cut the fringe bar by adopting, grafting fringe and binding step form by fringe bar, fringe bar for cleft grafting method, described adopt fringe be gather in select tree tree crown middle and upper part annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, in time remove blade after the collection and wrap branch with newspaper for subsequent use.It is method one that described fringe bar is processed: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out the classification binding, in order the fringe bar put into carry out in the water fresh-keeping.Method two, the identical fringe bar of rugosity is sealed with wax (paraffin with 60% and 40% red wax mix enduring, and treat that temperature drops to 40-50 ℃, carries out sealing wax.The good fringe bar of classification is placed on the ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours.When sealing wax, to pay special attention to the fringe bar and in wax, can not surpass for 2 seconds, direction must the left and right directions operation.Described stock is to select the little seeds of a tung oil tree tree of leading thread 2cm to 5cm as stock, and grafting part determines that according to need of production the stock leading thread that cultivate in general nursery highly is 15cm and 20cm at 2cm to 5cm; Low production forest improvement, first to the large tree that will transform overhead the 30cm saw remove, carry out stereotype hold up the children, after young sprout sends, have purpose to cultivate, cultivate the 4-5 one-levels according to four every strains in orientation and divide lopwood to wipe out as other unnecessary branch of cleft grafting stock.The described fringe bar of cutting is to select big or small basic identical scion according to the rugosity of stock, utilizes the long 6-10cm of scion, has 1-2 full bud to be advisable.The wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm is splayed in the both sides of scion lower end bud, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.Described
Grafting fringe principle is large stock with large fringe bar, little stock small ear bar.Strut with a timber wedge first when connecing and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside split in the mouth, be deep to little dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.Described binding is with the off-the-shelf plastic tape multiple good otch of watt type bondage (must tie up and prick sternly in fact, can not breathe freely, use plastic tape without the scion of terminal bud and prick tight) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter the grafting mouth.
In Jatropha curcas cleft grafting fast-growing method of the present invention, management process comprises bud picking, the solution step of tying up and apply fertilizer after the described cleft grafting.Described bud picking is after cleft grafting 7 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud that grows on the stock is touched removed, and continues 2 months.Described solution tie up be after cleft grafting 30 days with blade at binding rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.Described fertilising is before the rainy season set in every year trees to be transformed in cleft grafting with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient 〉=25% to carry out the annular groove fertilising after the cleft grafting solution is tied up.Every strain 200g.
The advantage of the inventive method: adopt the fringe bar growth of the inventive method grafting very fast, took out the tip in one month and can reach 50cm, the bearing fruit then of then cleft grafting.It is 0.3 kilogram that individual plant has been hung, 66 kilograms of per mu yield extension amounts.Compare after 100 days with cleft grafting, adopt base footpath, length, blade, branch amount, the amount of bearing fruit of the inventive method young sprout can improve respectively.
By the following specific examples further illustrate the invention, but embodiment only is used for explanation, can not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The Jatropha curcas age of tree as stock is more than 5 years, and planting patterns is for opening the band plantation, and the zone face width is 80cm, and seeding row spacing is 2.5m * 3m; The average leading thread of trees is 8cm, and the tree mean height is 2.1cm, and the tree vigo(u)r growing way is better, contaminates without damage by disease and insect.
The fringe bar pick up from tree vigor fine, gather annual lignification or semi-lignified, the full Jatropha curcas branch of eye without damage by disease and insect generation fine individual plant tree crown middle and upper part.
Undertaken by the step in the present patent application content: began in 1 week after the grafting to germinate, also do not sprout in 1 week after the contrast bud grafting grafting.After the cleft grafting 1 month, young sprout was extracted into 40cm, and contrast is just sprouted.After the cleft grafting 60 days, adopt the basic stem of the inventive method young sprout, highly, Flowering Plants counts ratio and the number of blade can reach respectively 2.1cm-3.2cm, 30cm-60cm, 80% and the 22-40 sheet, the basic stem of the young sprout of contrast, highly, Flowering Plants number and the number of blade be respectively 0.62cm, 3.4cm, 0 and 8.0, contrast improves respectively
Embodiment 2
Carry out according to the following steps:
1, the fringe bar pick up from tree vigor fine, gather annual lignification or semi-lignified, the full Jatropha curcas branch of eye without damage by disease and insect generation fine individual plant tree crown middle and upper part.
2, the fringe bar is processed: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out the classification binding, in order the fringe bar put into carry out in the water fresh-keeping.
2, the selection of stock: in the base original little seeds of a tung oil tree tree (leading thread is that 2cm-4cm is anosis as stock
3, saw stock: the height of saw anvil should determine that according to the situation of stock tree the height of nursery stock saw stock is advisable with 5-10cm; With saw that stock is sawed-off in the grafting height level, scabble crops for rotation with cutter, then split a vertical joint with the cleft grafting cutter in section 1/3 place, the deeply about 3cm of interface (degree of depth and scion bevel are together).
4, cut scion: the long 4-6cm of scion has 1 full bud to be advisable.The wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm is splayed in the both sides of scion lower end bud, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.
5, grafting fringe: principle is large stock with large fringe bar, little stock small ear bar.Strut with a timber wedge first when connecing and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside split in the mouth, be deep to little dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.
6, binding: with the off-the-shelf plastic tape multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up and prick sternly in fact, can not breathe freely, use plastic tape without the scion of terminal bud and prick sternly) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter the grafting mouth.
7, manage and protect step after the cleft grafting: described bud picking is after cleft grafting 7 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud that grows on the stock is touched removed, and continues 1 month.Described solution tie up be after cleft grafting 30 days with blade at binding rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.Described fertilising is before the rainy season set in every year trees to be transformed in cleft grafting with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient 〉=25% to carry out the annular groove fertilising after the cleft grafting solution is tied up.Every strain 200g.
Embodiment 3
Carry out according to the following steps:
1, the fringe bar pick up from tree vigor fine, gather annual lignification or semi-lignified, the full Jatropha curcas branch of eye without damage by disease and insect generation fine individual plant tree crown middle and upper part.
2, the fringe bar is processed: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect trustworthy and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out the classification binding, in order the fringe bar put into carry out in the water fresh-keeping.
3, the selection of stock: original little seeds of a tung oil tree tree is as stock (leading thread is that 5cm-8cm is without damage by disease and insect) in the base.
4, saw stock: the height of saw anvil should determine that according to the situation of stock tree the height of nursery stock saw stock is advisable with 10-15cm; With saw that stock is sawed-off in the grafting height level, scabble crops for rotation with cutter, then split a vertical joint with the cleft grafting cutter in section 1/3 place, the deeply about 4cm of interface (degree of depth and scion bevel are together).
5, cut scion: the long 4-6cm of scion has 1 to 2 full bud to be advisable.The wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm is splayed in the both sides of scion lower end bud, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.
6, grafting fringe: principle is large stock with large fringe bar, little stock small ear bar.Strut with a timber wedge first when connecing and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside split in the mouth, be deep to little dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.
7, binding: with the off-the-shelf plastic tape multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up and prick sternly in fact, can not breathe freely, use plastic tape without the scion of terminal bud and prick sternly) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter the grafting mouth.
8, manage and protect step after the cleft grafting: described bud picking is after cleft grafting 7 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud that grows on the stock is touched removed, and continues 2 months.Described solution tie up be after cleft grafting 30 days with blade at binding rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.Described fertilising is before the rainy season set in every year trees to be transformed in cleft grafting with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient 〉=25% to carry out the annular groove fertilising after the cleft grafting solution is tied up.Every strain 200g.
Embodiment 4
Carry out according to the following steps:
1, the fringe bar pick up from tree vigor fine, gather annual lignification or semi-lignified, the full Jatropha curcas branch of eye without damage by disease and insect generation fine individual plant tree crown middle and upper part.
2, the fringe bar is processed: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out the classification binding, in order the fringe bar put into carry out in the water fresh-keeping.
3, the selection of stock: original little seeds of a tung oil tree tree is as stock (leading thread is that 10cm is above disease-free) in the base.
4, saw stock: the height of saw anvil should determine that according to the situation of stock tree the height of nursery stock saw stock is to be advisable more than the 15cm; With saw that stock is sawed-off in the grafting height level, scabble crops for rotation with cutter, then split a vertical joint with the cleft grafting cutter in section 1/3 place, the deeply about 4cm of interface (degree of depth and scion bevel are together).
5, cut scion: the long 4-6cm of scion has 1 to 2 full bud to be advisable.The wedge shape bevel that is about 4cm is splayed in the both sides of scion lower end bud, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.
6, grafting fringe: principle is large stock with large fringe bar, little stock small ear bar.Strut with a timber wedge first when connecing and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside split in the mouth, be deep to little dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.
7, binding: with the off-the-shelf plastic tape multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up and prick sternly in fact, can not breathe freely, use plastic tape without the scion of terminal bud and prick sternly) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter the grafting mouth.
8, manage and protect step after the cleft grafting: described bud picking is after cleft grafting 7 days, removes in order to improve the bud that grows on the stock touched, and continues 1 month.Described solution tie up be after cleft grafting 30 days with blade at binding rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.Described fertilising: after the cleft grafting solution is tied up, before the rainy season set in every year, trees are transformed in cleft grafting with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient 〉=25% and carry out the annular groove fertilising.Every strain 200g.
Claims (8)
1. adopt the tip of taking out of the inventive method grafting to accelerate, took out the tip in one month and can reach 50cm, the bearing fruit then of then cleft grafting.It is 0.3 kilogram that individual plant has been hung, 66 kilograms of per mu yield extension amounts.Compare after 100 days with cleft grafting, adopt base footpath, length, blade, branch amount, the amount of bearing fruit of the inventive method young sprout can improve respectively.
Wherein process, saw anvil and split anvil, cut the fringe bar by adopting, grafting fringe and binding step form by fringe bar, fringe bar for cleft grafting method, wherein said adopt the fringe bar be gather in select tree tree crown middle and upper part annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, in time remove blade after the collection and wrap branch with newspaper for subsequent use.
2. Jatropha curcas cleft grafting fast-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described fringe bar is treated to processes the fringe bar of adopting back, method one: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connecing a fringe bar blocks according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out classification binding, in order the fringe bar put into carry out in the water fresh-keeping; Method two, the identical fringe bar of rugosity is sealed with wax, the good fringe bar of classification is placed on the ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours, when sealing wax, to pay special attention to the fringe bar and in wax, can not surpass for 2 seconds, direction must the left and right directions operation.
3. Jatropha curcas cleft grafting fast-growing method according to claim 1, the stock that it is characterized in that described cleft grafting is to select the little seeds of a tung oil tree tree of leading thread 2cm to 5cm as stock, grafting part is determined according to need of production, the stock leading thread that cultivate in general nursery highly is 15cm and 20cm at 2cm to 5cm; Low production forest improvement, first to the large tree that will transform overhead the 30cm saw remove, carry out stereotype hold up the children, after young sprout sends, have purpose to cultivate, cultivate the 4-5 one-levels according to four every strains in orientation and divide lopwood to wipe out as other unnecessary branch of cleft grafting stock.
4. Jatropha curcas cleft grafting fast-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described saw anvil and splitting anvil is at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting, overhead highly be that 15cm and 20cm saw removes, then with grafting knife cleft grafting face is scabbled, the direction of 1/3rd place's cleft grafting face vertical grounds is rived with the cleft grafting cutter on the stock surface, and the degree of depth is 2.5cm to 4cm.
5. Jatropha curcas cleft grafting fast-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described fringe bar of cutting is to select big or small basic identical scion according to the rugosity of stock, utilize the long 6-10cm of scion, there be 1-2 full bud to be advisable, the both sides of scion lower end bud are splayed into the wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm, make one side of bud slightly thick, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.
6. Jatropha curcas cleft grafting fast-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described grafting fringe principle is large stock with large fringe bar, little stock small ear bar struts with a timber wedge first when connecing and splits mouth, the scion webbing of cutting inserted outside split in the mouth, be deep to little dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.
7. Jatropha curcas cleft grafting fast-growing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described binding is with the off-the-shelf plastic tape multiple good otch of watt shape bondage from the bottom up.Must tie up real the bundle sternly, can not breathe freely, it is tight to use the plastic tape bundle without the scion of terminal bud, should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter the grafting mouth.
8. Jatropha curcas cleft grafting fast-growing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that after the described cleft grafting that management process comprises bud picking, the solution step of tying up and apply fertilizer; Described bud picking is after cleft grafting 7 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud that grows on the stock is touched removed, and continues 1 month; Described solution tie up be after cleft grafting 30 days with blade at binding rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently; Described fertilising is before the rainy season set in every year trees to be transformed in cleft grafting with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient 〉=25% to carry out annular groove fertilising, every strain 200g after the cleft grafting solution is tied up.
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| CN2011102792764A CN102845235A (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2011-09-20 | Barbadosnut cleft grafting fast-growing method |
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| CN2011102792764A CN102845235A (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2011-09-20 | Barbadosnut cleft grafting fast-growing method |
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| CN103340077A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-10-09 | 云南省林业科学院 | Method for screening high-quality Jatropha curcas cuttings |
| CN105145127A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-16 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Jatropha curcas quick grafting method |
| CN107047076A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-08-18 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of soybean plant strain expanding propagation method |
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| CN105145127A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-16 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Jatropha curcas quick grafting method |
| CN107047076A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-08-18 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of soybean plant strain expanding propagation method |
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Application publication date: 20130102 |