CN106900503A - The container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for growing seedlings of Camellia japonica by cuttings in a container. Herbal peat is used as a seedling-raising substrate to collect branches from the upper part of a mature plant and the periphery of a crown of a camellia japonica, and the cutting seedlings of camellia japonica are carried out by using the container seedling raising method. Experiments show that this method has a high survival rate of cutting seedlings, a large shoot rate and new shoot growth, and a significant increase in the survival rate of transplanted out of the nursery; among them, the rooting rate can reach 94.6%, the shoot rate can reach 65.8%, and the semi-annual growth rate can reach 94.6%. The growth of new shoots of cutting seedlings reaches 11.0cm, and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings out of the nursery is as high as 100%. At the same time, the method is simple and easy to implement, and the cost is low, which better solves the problems of slow growth of cutting seedlings, low transplanting survival rate, and long flowering time of the cutting seedlings of C. Provide technical support for protection, development and utilization.

Description

The container cutting seedling raising method of Ouvein golden camellia

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of Camellia japonica propagation, and in particular relates to a method for growing seedlings of Camellia japonica by container cutting.

Background technique

Camellia impressinervis (Camellia impressinervis) is a rare plant of Camellia camellia group of the genus Camellia, an evergreen shrub or small tree, and is a unique species in Guangxi. Due to the narrow distribution area, the number of existing wild plants is very small, and the Auvein Camellia is listed as a national extremely small population wild plant and a list of Guangxi key protected wild plants. The golden camellia has beautiful plant shape, golden flower color, unique leaf shape, good ornamental value, and the flowers have high economic value, so it can be planted as ornamental plants or economic plants. The natural fruiting rate of wild plants of Camellia japonica is low, and the behavior of artificially harvesting flowers for economic benefits further affects its fruiting. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain the sexual propagation material of C. auvetifolia, and it is of great significance to protect and utilize its resources to propagate C. auvetifolia by cutting seedlings.

Camellia nitidissima and Camellia nitidissima are different species, and their distribution areas and growth conditions are different. Golden Camellia mainly grows in the red loam area in the south of Guangxi Autonomous Region. The cutting substrate mainly includes acid red loam (or yellow heart soil, red heart soil), or it is made of acid red loam, river sand, peat soil, perlite, coconut bran and other materials according to certain conditions. Proportional mixing and preparation can achieve better seedling raising effects. Ouvein camellia is mainly distributed in the limestone calcareous soil area in the southwest of Guangxi Autonomous Region, and the acidity of the seedling substrate will affect the growth of its seedlings. At present, there are not many literatures on the cultivation of Camellia japonica seedlings by cuttings. Studies have shown that: using the seedling culture substrate of Camellia japonica to propagate Camellia japonica by cuttings, the shoot rate of seedlings is low and the growth of new shoots is small.

The propagation of Camellia japonica has always been based on cuttings in seedbeds, and there is no report on the use of containers for seedlings. The regenerative ability of the roots of Camellia japonica is weak. If the seedlings are raised in the seedbed, the roots are easily damaged during the seedling raising process, and the survival rate of transplanting is low. Qin Xuxiong (2003) (Qin Xuxiong. A kind of rooting agent suitable for the cutting seedlings of golden camellia green branches [P]. Chinese patent: 03124232.4, 2003-04-29) disclosed "a kind of rooting agent suitable for the cutting seedlings of golden camellia green branches Rooting agent" invention patent, with the help of the rooting agent, the rooting rate of the sand bed cuttings of Ouvei Golden Camellia is as high as 96.3%, but the seedling emergence rate is only 85.6%. Tang Wenxiu et al. (2009) (Tang Wenxiu, Pan Bo, Mao Shizhong, etc. Research on the reproduction test of Oumai Camellia and Dongxing Camellia [J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2009, 24(2): 63-67) used With the fire-fired soil as the substrate, the rooting rate of the cuttings in the seedbed of Ouvein Camellia was only 86.7%, and the average length of the branches of the annual seedlings was only 15.9em. Wang Yunchang et al. (2014) (Wang Yunchang, Fan Jianming, Lin Yongzhen et al. Experimental study on the introduction and cultivation of Camellia japonica in Meizhou City [J]. Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology, 2014, 30(4): 42-47) used yellow heart soil plus river sand as the substrate, and the concave The rooting rate of cuttings of Maijin camellia seedbed can reach 92%. From 2011 to 2013, the inventor used 90% yellow core soil + 10% river sand as the substrate, and adopted the seedbed cutting method to propagate Camellia japonica. The rooting rate reached 96%, but the growth of new shoots and the survival rate of transplanting were low. The seedling emergence rate is only 80% to 85%, which is basically consistent with the published research results of the predecessors.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a simple, easy, and low-cost method for growing seedlings by container cuttings of C. The survival rate of the nursery has been significantly improved.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The container cutting seedling raising method of Camellia japonica uses herbal peat as the seedling substrate, collects the upper part of the mature plant of Camellia japonica and the branches around the crown, and uses the container seedling method to carry out the cutting seedling raising of Camellia japonica.

The peat has an organic matter content of 30-90% and a pH of 3.0-6.5. The types and sources of peat soil are different, and their physical and chemical properties and market prices are quite different, which not only have different effects on plant growth, but also affect the cost of cutting seedlings. In order to make the pH value of the substrate closer to that of the limestone calcareous soil and facilitate the cutting seedling cultivation of Camellia japonica, the herbaceous peat soil with an organic matter content of 50-60% and a pH value of 5.2-6.0 was selected as the substrate for seedling cultivation.

Herbal peat is produced in Gaoyao City, Guangdong Province, and its color is dark brown. The herbaceous peat produced in Gaoyao City, Guangdong Province has high organic matter content, pH value meets the requirements, and the price is relatively low. It is more suitable for cutting seedlings of C.

The mature plants of Ouvei Golden Camellia are 12-20-year-old seed trees. Due to the age and part differences in individual development of trees, the maturity of branches of different tree ages and parts is different. The maturity effect of trees can be passed on to offspring through asexual reproduction, and the time required for their offspring to flower and bear fruit varies. For Ouvein Camellia, the branches of young trees and old trees are collected, or the branches near the roots of the plants are collected, and the cuttings are used for cutting seedlings. It takes a long time for the seedlings to bloom; For the branches on the upper part of the plant and the periphery of the canopy, the time required for the cutting offspring to bloom is shorter.

The container is a black plastic nutrition bag with a diameter of 12cm×a height of 15cm.

The above-mentioned method for growing seedlings by cuttings in containers of Camellia japonica comprises the following steps:

(1) Site preparation; (2) Seedling preparation; (3) Cutting seedling raising; (4) Management after cutting.

Step (1) is carried out according to the following operations: select the nursery land with flat land, close to the water source, and good drainage to raise seedlings; build a shade shed, level the land, and raise the furrows.

Step (2) is carried out as follows: 2-7 days before cutting, place the containers filled with substrate neatly on the furrow surface in rows; 1 day before cutting, carry out substrate disinfection.

Step (3) is carried out as follows: from May to September, collect lignified branches that are 0.5-1 year old, have full bud eyes, grow robustly, and are free of diseases and insect pests from the upper part of the mother plant of Ouvein Camellia Camellia and the periphery of the crown; cut the branches into long For cuttings with a height of 10-12cm, there are 3-4 buds on each cutting; cut flat at 0.5cm above the top bud of the cutting, cut the base into a horse ear shape, and leave 2-3 leaves; before cutting, use 1000mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid aqueous solution or 300mg/L-500mg/L ABT No. 2 rooting powder aqueous solution, soak the base of the cuttings for 2-3 hours; the cutting depth is 1/3-1/2 the length of the cuttings, and the upper leaves are exposed. permeable.

Step (4) is carried out according to the following operations: build a plastic film shed with an arch height of 40-45cm to keep moisture, uncover the film every 5-7d and drench once; after the cuttings take root, uncover the film and drench once every 10-15d; When most of the cuttings shoot out, remove the film and manage normally.

Aiming at the rare and endangered plant Camellia japonica with few sexual propagation materials and the difficulty of cutting propagation, the inventor has established a container cutting seedling raising method of Camellia japonica, using herbal peat as the seedling substrate, and collecting mature camellia japonica. For the upper part of the plant and the branches around the canopy, the container seedling cultivation method is used to carry out the cutting seedling cultivation of Camellia sinensis. Experiments show that this method has a high survival rate of cutting seedlings, a large shoot rate and new shoot growth, and a significant increase in the survival rate of transplanted out of the nursery; among them, the rooting rate can reach 94.6%, the shoot rate can reach 65.8%, and the semi-annual growth rate can reach 94.6%. The growth of new shoots of cutting seedlings reaches 11.0cm, and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings out of the nursery is as high as 100%. At the same time, the method is simple and easy to implement, and the cost is low, which better solves the problems of slow growth of cutting seedlings, low transplanting survival rate, and long flowering time of the cutting seedlings of C. Provide technical support for protection, development and utilization.

detailed description

In order to further illustrate how the present invention is implemented, the following examples are given. Among them, the herbal peat is produced in Gaoyao City, Guangdong Province. Its color is dark brown, its organic matter content is 50-60%, and its pH value is 5.2-6.0. The container used for cuttings is a black plastic nutrition bag with a diameter of 12cm×a height of 1Scm.

Example 1

(1) site preparation

Choose a nursery with flat land, close to the water source, and good drainage to grow seedlings; build a shade shed with a shade height of 200-250cm and a shade degree of 85-90%. -50cm wide trail.

(2) Seedling preparation

On May 20, 2013, the preparatory work for the cutting seedling cultivation of Ouvei Golden Camellia began. Arrange the containers filled with substrate neatly on the furrow surface in rows, and cultivate soil around the furrow with a height of 5-8cm; 1 day before cutting, use 1000 times aqueous solution of 80% carbendazim wettable powder to sterilize the substrate.

(3) Seedling cultivation by cuttings

On May 27, 2013, at the upper part of the mother plant of Ouvein Golden Camellia (a 12-15-year-old seed tree, vigorous growth, compact tree shape, large flowering volume, beautiful shape of flowers and leaves, and bright color) and the periphery of the crown , collect 0.5-1 year old, full bud eyes, robust growth, and no lignified branches of diseases and insect pests; cut the branches into cuttings with a length of 10-12cm, and leave 3-4 buds on each cutting; 0.5cm above the top bud of the cutting Cut flat, cut the base into a horse-ear shape, and leave 2-3 leaves; before cutting, use 1000mg/L naphthalene acetic acid aqueous solution to soak the base of the cuttings for 2-3 hours; the cutting depth is 1/3-1/2 the cutting length, exposing Its upper leaves, compact the substrate and drench with water.

(4) Management after cutting

After the cuttings, build a plastic film shed with an arch height of 40-45cm to keep moist. Depending on the weather conditions, uncover the film every 5-7d and drench once.

The first survey was conducted on September 30, 2013, and some cuttings began to take root, but the shoot rate was very low. Thereafter, uncover the plastic film and drench with water every 10-15 days. The second survey on November 4, 2013: Among the 170 spikes, 160 were rooted, with a rooting rate of 94.1%; 108 shoots were drawn, and the shoot rate was 63.5%; the average shoot length was 10.7cm. Remove the film and manage normally. The third investigation on May 27, 2014: The average branch length of annual cuttings is 20.5cm, the average crown width is 20.6×29.5cm, and the average number of leaves is 8.

Example 2

(1) site preparation

Choose a nursery with flat land, close to the water source, and good drainage to grow seedlings; build a shade shed with a shade height of 200-250cm and a shade degree of 85-90%. -50cm wide trail.

(2) Seedling preparation

On August 16, 2015, the preparatory work for the cutting and seedling cultivation of Ouvein Camellia began. Arrange the containers filled with substrate neatly on the furrow surface in rows, and cultivate soil around the furrow with a height of 5-8cm; 1 day before cutting, use 1000 times aqueous solution of 80% carbendazim wettable powder to sterilize the substrate.

(3) Seedling cultivation by cuttings

On August 21, 2015, on the upper part of the mother plant of Ouvein Golden Camellia (a 12-15-year-old seed tree, vigorous growth, compact tree shape, large flowering volume, beautiful shape of flowers and leaves, and bright color) and the periphery of the crown , collect 0.5-1 year old, full bud eyes, robust growth, and no lignified branches of diseases and insect pests; cut the branches into cuttings with a length of 10-12cm, and leave 3-4 buds on each cutting; 0.5cm above the top bud of the cutting Cut flat, cut the base into a horse-ear shape, and leave 2-3 leaves; before cutting, use 300mg/L ABT No. 2 rooting powder aqueous solution to soak the base of the cuttings for 2-3 hours; cutting depth is 1/3-1/2 The length of the cuttings, exposing its upper leaves, compacted the substrate and drenched with water.

(4) Management after cutting

After the cuttings, build a plastic film shed with an arch height of 40-45cm to keep moist. Depending on the weather conditions, uncover the film every 5-7d and drench once.

The first survey on December 21, 2015 showed that some cuttings began to take root, but the shoot rate was very low. Thereafter, uncover the plastic film and drench with water every 10-15 days. The second survey on March 22, 2016: Among the 190 spikes, 175 spikes took root, with a rooting rate of 92.1%; 114 shoots, with a shoot rate of 60.00%; the average shoot length was 9.6cm. Remove the film and manage normally. The third survey on August 22, 2016: The average branch length of annual cuttings is 18.1cm, the average crown width is 19.5×23.5cm, and the average number of leaves is 6.

Example 3

(1) site preparation

Choose a nursery with flat land, close to the water source, and good drainage to grow seedlings; build a shade shed with a shade height of 200-250cm and a shade degree of 85-90%. -50cm wide trail.

(2) Seedling preparation

On September 4, 2015, the preparatory work for the cutting and seedling cultivation of Ouvei Golden Camellia began. Place the containers filled with substrate neatly on the furrow surface in rows, and cultivate soil around the furrow to a height of 5-Scm; 1 day before cutting, use potassium permanganate 800 times aqueous solution (1.25g/L) to carry out substrate disinfection.

(3) Seedling cultivation by cuttings

On September 9, 2015, on the upper part of the mother plant of Ouvein Golden Camellia (a 15-20-year-old seed tree, vigorous growth, compact tree shape, large flowering, beautiful shape and bright color of flowers and leaves), and the periphery of the crown , collect 0.5-1 year old, full bud eyes, robust growth, and no lignified branches of diseases and insect pests; cut the branches into cuttings with a length of 10-12cm, and leave 3-4 buds on each cutting; 0.5cm above the top bud of the cutting Cut flat, cut the base into a horse-ear shape, and leave 2-3 leaves; before cutting, use 500mg/L ABT No. 2 rooting powder aqueous solution to soak the base of cuttings for 2-3 hours; cutting depth is 1/3-1/2 The length of the cuttings, exposing its upper leaves, compacted the substrate and drenched with water.

(4) Management after cutting

After the cuttings, build a plastic film shed with an arch height of 40-45cm to keep moist. Depending on the weather conditions, uncover the film every 5-7d and drench once.

The first survey on January 12, 2016 showed that some cuttings started to take root, but the shoot rate was very low. Thereafter, uncover the plastic film and drench with water every 10-15 days. The second survey on March 29, 2016: Among the 111 spikes, 105 were rooted, with a rooting rate of 94.6%; 73 shoots were drawn, and the shoot rate was 65.8%; the average new shoot length was 11.0cm. Remove the film and manage normally. The third survey on September 9, 2016: The average branch length of annual cuttings is 21.8cm, the average crown width is 19.2×22cm, and the average number of leaves is 11.

The cutting seedling raising results of the implementation 3 of the present invention are compared with Tang Wenxiu (2009), Qin Xuxiong (2003), the inventor (2011), Wang Yunchang (2014) and other disclosed effects of cutting seedling raising of Camellia japonica (2014), and the specific data are as follows surface:

Table 1 Comparison of cutting seedling raising methods of Aomaiming japonica

It can be seen from the comparison in the table that, compared with the existing method for raising seedlings by cuttings of Camellia japonica, the cutting seedlings of the present invention have a higher survival rate, a higher shoot rate and growth of new shoots, and a significantly improved survival rate of transplanted out of the nursery.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima, it is characterised in that the use of meadow peat is seedling medium, collection Concave veins Camellia nitidissima maturation plant top, the branch of tree crown periphery, application container seedling method carry out the cuttage and seedling culture of concave veins Camellia nitidissima.

2. the container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The meadow peat The middle content of organic matter is 50-60%, and pH value is 5.2-6.0.

3. the container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The meadow peat Gaoyao City of Guangdong Province is originated from, its color is dark brown.

4. the container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The concave veins golden flower Tea maturation plant is the trees of growing directly from seeds of age of tree 12-20.

5. the container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The container is straight The black plastic nutrient bag of footpath 12cm × height 15cm.

6. the container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps： (1) Farm Planning；(2) nursery prepares；(3) cuttage and seedling culture；(4) management after cuttage.

7. the container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima according to claim 6, it is characterised in that step (1) is by following Operation is carried out：Select prepartion of land, be close to water source, well-drained nursery lot nursery；Cool canopy is built, is leveled land, play furrow.

8. the container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima according to claim 6, it is characterised in that step (2) is by following Operation is carried out：2-7 days before cuttage, the container that will fill matrix is neatly put in furrow face by row；1 day before cuttage, matrix is carried out Sterilization.

9. the container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima according to claim 6, it is characterised in that step (3) is by following Operation is carried out：The 5-9 months, in the top of concave veins Camellia nitidissima maternal plant, tree crown periphery, collection 0.5-1 is raw, eye is full, growth is strong Strong, the lignifying branch of no disease and pests harm；Branch is cut into the cuttings of length 10-12cm, 3-4 bud is left in each cuttings；Insert Cut flat at the 0.5cm of fringe terminal bud top, base portion is cut into horse ear shape, stays 2-3 piece leaves；It is water-soluble using 1000mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetates before cuttage No. 2 amidins of taking root of ABT of liquid or 300mg/L-500mg/L, immersion cuttings base portion 2-3 hours；Cuttage depth is 1/3-1/ 2 cutting lengths, expose its upper blade, compress matrix and water of drenching.

10. the container cutting plant culture method of concave veins Camellia nitidissima according to claim 6, it is characterised in that step (4) by with Lower operation is carried out：The plastic sheeting Small plastic shed moisturizing of sagitta 40-45cm is built, film is opened per 5-7d and is drenched water 1 time；Cuttings is given birth to After root, film is opened per 10-15d and is drenched water 1 time；After most of cuttings takes out the tip, film, normal management are thrown off.