CN107509405B - Method for building near-natural vegetation on tropical coral island - Google Patents
Method for building near-natural vegetation on tropical coral island Download PDFInfo
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- CN107509405B CN107509405B CN201710581090.1A CN201710581090A CN107509405B CN 107509405 B CN107509405 B CN 107509405B CN 201710581090 A CN201710581090 A CN 201710581090A CN 107509405 B CN107509405 B CN 107509405B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for building near-natural vegetation on tropical coral island reefs. The invention screens out 6 local plants (including 3 types of shrubbery, grass and vine and leguminous plants with nitrogen fixation) such as pittosporum tobira, sea sword bean, thick vine, vitex rotundifolia, climbing vine, bristles thorn and the like which are suitable for the planting of tropical coral reefs according to the severe environmental conditions of coral reefs and based on the early-stage research and research on the vegetation of the island in south China sea and the soil, and referring to the natural seaside plant planting of the Xisha Islands, the plant survival rate reaches over 90 percent in about 2 months by the optimal combination of a series of methods of digging planting holes, placing farmyard manure and coconut chaff, placing water-retaining agent, bagging seedling and soaking water, placing compound fertilizer, applying a small amount of ferric sulfide or iron aluminum oxide (adjusting pH), then adding dried duckweed (increasing C source), back filling sand or soil, maintaining and the like, can basically cover green to form near-natural vegetation, plays a certain role in wind prevention and sand fixation, and is relatively simple to maintain.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of recovery of vegetation on coral island reefs, and particularly relates to a method for building near-natural vegetation on tropical coral island reefs.
Background art:
the coral reef is artificial or natural coral island (reef) (including bare beach) filled with coral reef sand in sea. The coral island reef is lack of real soil and fertility (the content of organic matters is only about 0.15%, and the content of all N and P is only about 0.02%), has the characteristics of extreme environment such as high salt (the salt content is more than 3 per thousand), strong alkali (the pH value is more than 9.0), high temperature, strong light, drought (the water content of 0-30cm is about 5%) and the like, is poor in stability and water retention, and is equivalent to an extremely degraded ecosystem. Ordinary plants are extremely difficult to survive and settle on coral islands.
The method for building the near-natural vegetation on the coral island reef mainly solves the technical key problems that: finding out main limiting factors for the growth of the coral island reef vegetation, and removing the limiting factors through a scientific method; and then through scientific species screening, breeding, domestication, planting, configuration and maintenance management methods, the coral island reef near-natural vegetation is quickly built, and the purposes of quick green covering, wind prevention and sand fixation, ecological environment improvement and low maintenance cost are achieved. The 6 bone stem plants selected by the invention are introduced as follows:
pittosporum tobira (scaivola sericea): also called as cavel, is a perennial evergreen sub-shrub plant (or small arbor) of the family Aleurites, is 1-3m high, has a branch diameter of 0.5-1cm, and is hollow. The lobes are arranged in a helical pattern, mostly centered on the tip of the branch, with no or short handle, spoon-shaped to inverted oval, 10-22cm long, 4-8cm wide, wedge-shaped at the base, blunt at the tip, truncated or slightly concave, full-edged, or wavy at the edges, slightly fleshy. The polyimiaziae axillaris. The bract and the small bract are small; joints are arranged between the pedicel and the flower; the calyx is hairless, the barrel part is inverted into an egg shape, and the splinters are in a needle shape; the corolla is white or yellowish. Drupes are ovoid, white with no or velvety hair. The flower and fruit period is 4-12 months. The sea sand and gravel land are distributed on the coastal sand beach of south China and the Pacific island. The salt resistance is good, strong wind resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance and strong light resistance; the coral reef is a typical coastal plant which is usually leaned on the coral reef bank or gathered with other coastal plants at the coast to grow against the sea, and is a common plant in coastal sandy land (especially south China sea island).
Vitex trifolia linn. var. simplicifolia Cham.): verbenaceae family sprangletop shrubs. Has stolons on the ground and adventitious roots at joints. Single leaf pair, inverted oval or near round shape, with blunt tips or short tips, wedge-shaped base, full rim. The morphological characteristics of flowers and fruits are the same as those of the original variety. The flowering period is 7-8 months, and the fruit period is 8-10 months. Is suitable for the living conditions of beach and sand land. Widely distributed along the coast, can be used as a beach sand prevention afforestation tree species. The vitex rotundifolia is strong in performance, developed in root system, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-resistant, grows very fast under the appropriate climatic condition, and fibrous roots grow on the ground part of stolon, so that the ground can be covered quickly, and the growth of other weeds can be inhibited. The vitex rotundifolia is naturally distributed in coastal sandy land of Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and the like, the natural plant community has strong covering capability, and once the community is formed, the vitex rotundifolia has strong wind resistance, drought resistance and saline-alkali resistance. The plants can be planted in an isolated way or in a group way in the landscaping, so that a huge plant community is formed, and poor soil surfaces such as hilly thin land, rubble and the like are covered. At present, only a small amount of artificial planting is used.
Thick vine (Ipomoea pes-caprae): also called Ma saddle vine, is a perennial herbaceous vine plant of Convolvulaceae. The whole plant is smooth; the stem is extremely long and creeps on the ground; the leaves are intertriginous and have thick leathery texture, the tip of the leaf is obviously sunken or is close to 2 cracks, the shape is like a saddle, the length of the leaf is 4-8cm, the width is 4-10cm, and the leaf is provided with a long handle, and the length is up to 12 cm. The flowering period is continuous all year round, and is most abundant in summer; the cymbidium floribundum has purple-red corolla and a diameter of about 8 cm. Most calyx is 5 pieces, lodged, detached, elliptical or wide oval; the corolla is symmetrical in radiation, pink to light purplish red, funnel-shaped, 5-light-splitting and 3.0-6.5 mm long. Spherical capsule, 2 chambers, smooth and hairless, 9-16mm in diameter, initially yellowish green and turning tan at maturity. 4 seeds, black brown. The product is pleasant to high temperature, dry and sunny environment, has good salt tolerance, wind resistance and drought tolerance, has slightly poor cold tolerance and negative tolerance, and has the functions of beautifying the coast and fixing sand. Mostly growing on the beach and roadside. Distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Pacific islands.
Sea sword bean (Canavalia maritima), a stout grass vine of Papilionaceae (Papilionoceae), has a very long stem and creeps on the ground. The pinnate compound leaf has 3 small leaves, the small leaves are inverted oval, elliptical or approximately circular, the length is 5-8cm, the width is 4.5-7cm, the tip is usually circular, truncated, slightly concave or provided with a small convex head, the base part is wedged to be approximately circular, the base part of the lateral small leaf is usually inclined, and both sides are grown and molted; the length of the petiole is 2.5-7 cm; the length of the petiole is 5-8 mm. Axillary growth of the raceme, wherein the length of the peduncle is up to 30 cm; 1-3 flowers gather on each section of the inflorescence shaft near the top; the corolla is purplish red, the flag petal is circular, the length is about 2.5cm, the top end is concave, the petal is sickle-shaped, the ear is provided, the keel petal is long and round, and the ear is curved and linear. The pod has linear oblong shape, length of 8-12cm, width of 2-2.5cm, thickness of about 1cm, and is edible; the seeds are oval. The flower and fruit period is almost all year round. The product is good for high temperature and sunshine-sufficient environment, is salt-alkali resistant, drought resistant, fast in growth, developed in root system, and has good wind-resistant and sand-fixing functions. Most of the plants grow on the beach of the seaside and are mainly distributed in the south China (including the Xisha Tandao). At present, the method is not used for greening the coral island reef.
Caulis perllae japonicae (phylla nodiflora): is named as phellodendron chinense, and is perennial creeping herb or vine of Verbenaceae, with ligneous perennial root, multiple branches and adventitious root in joints. Resisting yin; the whole plant has short hair in the shape of a tight towel Chinese character xi. Single leaf generation; the stem of the Yangtze river is nearly without stem; the blade is spoon-shaped, the shape of the inverted egg is a needle, the base is narrow and wedge-shaped, the middle part of the blade edge is provided with sharp saw teeth, the tip is blunt or nearly circular, and both surfaces are hairy. Panicle-shaped inflorescence axillary, cylindrical or oval, and inflorescence with length of 1-7cm is awake; the bract is wide and inverted egg-shaped; calyx membranous material; white, pink to purple corolla; stamen 4, which grows in the middle of the spent tube. The fruit is light yellow when in real time, is hidden in the calyx, and is split into 2 small nuts when in maturity. The flowering and fruit period is 6-10 months. It is usually grown in the wet places of hillside, flat ground, river beach, etc. with elevation 300-. No one has used this greening for coral islands.
Bristles spine (spinex littoreus): is one of perennial rigid herbaceous and sand-fixing plants in the family of Gramineae. Leaf stiffness as thorns, involution; parthenocarpy and heterozygosis; the tassels have 1-2 florets and nearly no stems, and grow on panicle inflorescences with long stems, and the inflorescences are compounded into umbrella-shaped inflorescences surrounded by spiny bracts; the female spikelets are gathered into a big round head-shaped inflorescence, and the big round head-shaped inflorescence has radial and long-awn-shaped spikes, and only one spikelet is arranged at the base of each spike-shaped inflorescence; the glume and the lemma of the tassels are membranous, but the female is bigger. The heat production zone is Asia and oceania, and is distributed on the coastal sandy land from south China to Taiwan.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for building near-natural vegetation on a tropical coral island, which can be used for quickly building the near-natural vegetation on the coral island in a short time, so that the aims of quick green covering and ecological sand fixation are fulfilled, landscape optimization and beautification are realized, and the later maintenance cost is very low.
The method for building the near-natural vegetation on the tropical coral island reef comprises the following steps:
a. plant species: pittosporum tobira (scaivola sericea), sargentgloryvine stem (Ipomoea pesscaprae), jack bean (Canav alia maritima), byttneria (phylla nodiflora), Vitex trifoliata (Vitex trifolia linn. var. simplicifolia, and bristles thorn (spinelttoreus);
b. planting space: planting 2-3 rows of spatholobus suberectus and thick vines at the position close to the sea, planting pittosporum tobira inwards, planting the spatholobus suberectus and the thick vines at the periphery of the pittosporum suberectus in a matching way, and decorating bristles thorns, the stemona japonica and the vitex single-leaf chaste tree;
c. the planting mode of the plants adopts the steps that a planting hole is dug, then farmyard manure and coconut chaff are placed in the planting hole, and then a water-retaining agent is placed in the planting hole; soaking the plant bag seedlings in water, cutting the bag, placing the plant bag seedlings in the planting holes, and backfilling part of coral sand; placing compound fertilizer on two sides of the planting hole, then applying ferric sulfide or iron-aluminum oxide, then placing dry duckweed, finally backfilling sand or soil, and watering until saturation;
d. after planting, watering for the first time to reach the saturated water content, and then gradually reducing watering until the plants grow to form the near-natural vegetation.
After the planting is generally finished, approximately 2 months later, the vegetation close to nature can be formed, and the survival rate can reach more than 90%.
Preferably, the planting hole is conical, the diameter of the conical surface is 30cm, the height is 30cm, the seedling distance is about 30cm multiplied by 30cm, farmyard base fertilizer and coconut chaff are accumulated in a nutrition bag body of a plant bag seedling planted according to 2/3 in the planting hole, and then 5g of water-retaining agent is added per plant; the mass ratio of the farmyard manure to the coconut coir is 1: 1.
the addition amount of the iron sulfide or the iron aluminum oxide is preferably 3-5mg/m2。
The addition amount of the dry duckweed is preferably 10 g/plant.
According to the ecological biological characteristics of plants, 6 plants, such as pittosporum tobira, thick vines, jack beans, climbing vines, single-leaf shrub chastetree fruits, bristles thorns and the like, suitable for planting in coral islands are screened out, planting holes are dug, farmyard base fertilizers and coconut coir are placed, water retaining agents are placed, bagged seedlings are soaked in water, compound fertilizers are placed, a small amount of iron sulfide or iron-aluminum oxide is applied, and then dried duckweed is added. The sand or the soil is backfilled, the maintenance is carried out, the growth effect of 6 plants in about 2 months is better, the approximately natural vegetation can be formed, the management and the protection are relatively simple, and the survival rate reaches more than 90 percent.
The 6-plant collocation, hole digging and seedling bag soaking planting system used in the invention is far more effective than the common method for planting plants in coastal sandy land, has low maintenance cost (less watering, dry duckweed can provide a chemical sense promoting effect for plant growth, and can be used as fertilizer after rotting), has high survival rate, good green covering and sand fixing effects, saves time and cost, can be used for large-scale planting and popularization and application, and particularly has good reference significance for coral reef vegetation reconstruction in severe environment or island and coastal zone plant restoration in similar environment.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows the effect of planting thick vines and jack beans.
FIG. 2 shows the planting effect of thick vine and climbing vine.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of planting Vitex simplex, Mucuna pachyrhizus, Haicao and Celastrus angulatus of example 11.
FIG. 4 shows the effect of planting of Vitex agnus-castus, Mucuna pachyrhizus, Haju and bristles thorns of example 12.
FIG. 5 shows the planting effects of pittosporum tobira, vitex rotundifolia, sargentgloryvine stem, jack bean, marsdenia tenacissima and bristles thorns of example 15.
FIG. 6 shows the planting effects of pittosporum tobira, vitex rotundifolia, sargentgloryvine stem, jack bean, marsdenia tenacissima and bristles thorns of example 16.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention.
And finding out the plant growth restriction factor of the coral island reef. Because the coral island reef lacks real soil and fertility (organic matter, total N and P contents are only 1/10-1/2 of common continental soil), and has the characteristics of extreme environment such as high salt, strong alkali (pH value is 9.0-10.0), high temperature, strong light, drought (water content of 0-30cm is about 5%), the stability and the water retention are poor, the habitat is extremely severe, and common plants are extremely difficult to grow and settle. Therefore, the research is firstly carried out to find out the plant growth restriction factors of the coral island reef, and the restriction factors are removed by adopting a proper method, so that some plants with good adaptability can grow and settle.
The invention screens 6 plant species: pittosporum tobira (scaivola sericea), sargentgloryvine (ipomoescaprae), jack bean (canalia maritima), byttneria (phylla nodiflora), vitex trifoliata (vittrifolia lin. var. simplicifolia), and bristles thorns (spinelttoreus); sea sword beans and climbing vines are rare, and reports of application to coral island reefs are not found. The planting effect of sea sword bean and climbing vine on coral island reef is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.
A single species can survive, but the pest control, soil improvement effect, landscape effect, species diversity, maintenance cost and closer to natural vegetation are also combined and configured well, firstly, the effect of combining irrigation, grass and vines is considered to be good, then, a few people who know about sea sword beans, vines crossing the river are selected, the species of the plant used on a coral island are not seen, and the species diversity is increased; and various substances beneficial to plant growth are continuously tried to be added according to the environmental characteristics so as to promote the growth, reduce the maintenance cost and the like.
Example 1:
a place: one coral island reef in Hainan province:
1. plant species: pittosporum tobira (scaivola sericea), pachyrhizus (Ipomoea pesscaprae) and byttneria (phylla nodiflora).
2. Planting space: planting 2 rows of thick vines at the position close to the sea, planting the macaranga tanarius inwards, planting the thick vines around the macaranga tanarius in a matched mode, and interspersing the vines across the river.
3. Digging holes and placing base fertilizer: the planting method of the plants adopts the steps that planting holes are dug, the planting holes are conical, the diameter of the conical surface is 30cm, the height is 30cm, the seedling distance is about 30cm multiplied by 30cm, farmyard base fertilizer and coconut coir (the volume of a nutrition bag of the planted plant bag seedlings is 2/3, the mass ratio of the farmyard base fertilizer to the coconut coir is 1: 1) are placed in the planting holes, and then 5g of water-retaining agent is placed per plant.
4. Planting and fertilizing: soaking the plant seedlings in water (bubbling, water can not be discharged by pinching with hands), cutting the bags with scissors, placing the plant seedlings in the planting holes so as not to influence the contact between soil balls and plant roots, backfilling coral sand about 10cm high, placing compound fertilizer (far away from the roots so as not to cause the fertilizer to damage the roots) at two sides of the planting holes, and applying 3-5mg/m according to the pH value of the specific coral sand during planting2Iron sulfide or iron-aluminum oxide is used for neutralizing alkali (reducing the pH value of coral sand to about 8.0) so as to be beneficial to plant growth and colonization, and then 10 g/plant of dried duckweed is added. Finally, sand or foreign soil is backfilled, and watering is carried out until saturation.
5. And (5) maintenance: and after planting, watering again the next day. According to the wind, temperature and seedling condition, the watering amount is gradually reduced. Watering once a week later. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1-irrigation-1 grass-1 vine is adopted, so that the species are few, the landscape is slightly monotonous, most of the plants can survive, and the vegetation coverage rate is not high enough.
Example 2: pittosporum tobira, pachyrhizus and bristles thorns
The difference from the example 1 is that the caulis seu folium piperis longifoliae is replaced by bristles spines. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1-irrigation-1 grass-1 vine is adopted, so that the species are few, the landscape is slightly monotonous, most of the plants can survive, and the vegetation coverage rate is not high enough.
Example 3: pittosporum tobira, jack bean and climbing vine
The difference from example 1 is that thick vines are replaced by jack beans. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1-irrigation-1 grass-1 vine is adopted, so that the species are few, the landscape is slightly monotonous, most of the plants can survive, and the vegetation coverage rate is not high enough.
Example 4: pittosporum tobira, jack bean and bristles thorn
The difference from the example 3 is that the caulis seu folium piperis longi is replaced by bristles spines. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1-irrigation-1 grass-1 vine is adopted, so that the species are few, the landscape is slightly monotonous, most of the plants can survive, and the vegetation coverage rate is not high enough.
Example 5: simpleleaf chastetree, thick vine and climbing vine
The difference from example 1 is that pittosporum tobira was replaced with vitex rotundifolia. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1-irrigation-1 grass-1 vine is adopted, so that the species are few, the landscape is slightly monotonous, most of the plants can survive, and the vegetation coverage rate is not high enough.
Example 6: simpleleaf Shrub Chastetree, Thick vine and bristles thorn
The difference from the example 5 is that the caulis seu folium piperis longi is replaced by bristles spines. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1-irrigation-1 grass-1 vine is adopted, so that the species are few, the landscape is slightly monotonous, most of the plants can survive, and the vegetation coverage rate is not high enough.
Example 7: simpleleaf chastetree, sea sword bean and stem of climbing entada
The difference from example 5 is that thick vines are replaced by jack beans. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1-irrigation-1 grass-1 vine is adopted, so that the species are few, the landscape is slightly monotonous, most of the plants can survive, and the vegetation coverage rate is not high enough.
Example 8: simpleleaf Shrub Chastetree, Haicauda and bristles thorns
The difference from the example 7 is that the caulis seu folium piperis longifoliae is replaced by bristles spines. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1-irrigation-1 grass-1 vine is adopted, so that the species are few, the landscape is slightly monotonous, most of the plants can survive, and the vegetation coverage rate is not high enough.
From the examples 1-8, it can be seen that the combination mode of 1 grass and 1 vine in 1 irrigation is adopted, the species are few, the landscape is slightly monotonous, most of the plants can survive, the vegetation coverage rate is not high enough, and the effects of 2 vines, namely thick vines and sea sword beans, are equivalent and can be utilized.
Example 9:
a place: one coral island reef in Hainan province:
1. plant species: pittosporum tobira (scaivola sericea), sargentgloryvine (Ipomoea pessaprae), Canavalia maritima (Canavalia maritima), and byttneria fortunei (phylla nodiflora).
2. Planting space: planting 2 rows of spatholobus suberectus and thick vines at the position close to the sea, planting the pittosporum tobira inwards, planting the spatholobus suberectus and the thick vines around the pittosporum tobira in a matching way, and interspersing the vines of the river.
3. Digging holes and placing base fertilizer: the planting method of the plants adopts the steps that planting holes are dug, the planting holes are conical, the diameter of the conical surface is 30cm, the height is 30cm, the seedling distance is about 30cm multiplied by 30cm, farmyard base fertilizer and coconut coir (the volume of a nutrition bag of the planted plant bag seedlings is 2/3, the mass ratio of the farmyard base fertilizer to the coconut coir is 1: 1) are placed in the planting holes, and then 5g of water-retaining agent is placed per plant.
4. Planting and fertilizing: soaking the plant seedlings in water (bubbling, water can not be discharged by pinching with hands), cutting the bags with scissors, placing the plant seedlings in the planting holes so as not to influence the contact between soil balls and plant roots, backfilling coral sand about 10cm high, placing compound fertilizer (far away from the roots so as not to cause the fertilizer to damage the roots) at two sides of the planting holes, and applying 3-5mg/m according to the pH value of the specific coral sand during planting2Iron sulfide or iron-aluminum oxide is used for neutralizing alkali (reducing the pH value of coral sand to about 8.0) so as to be beneficial to plant growth and colonization, and then 10 g/plant of dried duckweed is added. Finally, sand or foreign soil is backfilled, and watering is carried out until saturation.
5. And (5) maintenance: and after planting, watering again the next day. According to the wind, temperature and seedling condition, the watering amount is gradually reduced. Watering once a week later. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1 irrigation, 1 grass and 2 vines is adopted, the species is more, the landscape is general, and the coverage rate of vegetation with 2 vines is obviously improved.
Example 10: pittosporum tobira, sargentgloryvine stem, jack bean and bristles thorn
The difference from the example 9 is that the caulis seu radix stemonae is replaced by bristles spines. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1 irrigation, 1 grass and 2 vines is adopted, the species is more, the landscape is general, and the coverage rate of vegetation with 2 vines is obviously improved.
Example 11: simpleleaf chastetree, thick vine, sea sword bean and stem of climbing entada
The difference from example 9 is that pittosporum tobira was replaced with vitex rotundifolia. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1 irrigation, 1 grass and 2 vines is adopted, the species is more, the landscape is general, and the coverage rate of vegetation with 2 vines is obviously improved (figure 3).
Example 12: simpleleaf Shrub Chastetree, Thick vine, Haicauda and bristles thorn
The difference from the example 11 is that the caulis seu radix stemonae is replaced by bristles spines. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1 irrigation, 1 grass and 2 vines is adopted, the species is more, the landscape is general, and the coverage rate of vegetation with 2 vines is obviously improved (figure 4).
From examples 9-12, it can be seen that the combination mode of 1 irrigation of 1 grass and 2 vines is adopted, species are more, the landscape is general, the coverage rate of vegetation using 2 vines is obviously improved, and therefore 2 vines are configured subsequently. 2 shrubs and 2 herbs used alone were slightly monotonous.
Example 13:
a place: one coral island reef in Hainan province:
1. plant species: pittosporum tobira (Scaivola sericea), Stephania pekinensis (Ipomoea pesscaprae), Canavalia gladiata (Canavalia maritima), Stephania delavayi (Phylla nodiflora) and bristles spine (Spiniflex littoreus).
2. Planting space: planting 2 rows of spatholobus suberectus and thick vines at the position close to the sea, planting the pittosporum tobira inwards, planting the spatholobus suberectus and the thick vines around the pittosporum, and interspersing the vines and bristles thorns.
3. Digging holes and placing base fertilizer: the planting method of the plants adopts the steps that planting holes are dug, the planting holes are conical, the diameter of the conical surface is 30cm, the height is 30cm, the seedling distance is about 30cm multiplied by 30cm, farmyard base fertilizer and coconut coir (the volume of a nutrition bag of the planted plant bag seedlings is 2/3, the mass ratio of the farmyard base fertilizer to the coconut coir is 1: 1) are placed in the planting holes, and then 5g of water-retaining agent is placed per plant.
4. Planting and fertilizing: soaking the plant seedlings in water (bubbling, water can not be discharged by pinching with hands), cutting the bags with scissors, placing the plant seedlings in the planting holes so as not to influence the contact between soil balls and plant roots, backfilling coral sand about 10cm high, placing compound fertilizer (far away from the roots so as not to cause the fertilizer to damage the roots) at two sides of the planting holes, and applying 3-5mg/m according to the pH value of the specific coral sand during planting2Iron sulfide or iron-aluminum oxide is used for neutralizing alkali (reducing the pH value of coral sand to about 8.0) so as to be beneficial to plant growth and colonization, and then 10 g/plant of dried duckweed is added. Finally, sand or foreign soil is backfilled, and watering is carried out until saturation.
5. And (5) maintenance: and after planting, watering again the next day. According to the wind, temperature and seedling condition, the watering amount is gradually reduced. Watering once a week later. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1-irrigation 2-grass 2-vine is adopted, so that more species are generated, the landscape is better, and the vegetation coverage rate is higher.
Example 14: simpleleaf chastetree, thick vine, sea sword bean, climbing vine and bristles thorn
The difference from example 13 is that pittosporum tobira was replaced with vitex rotundifolia. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 1-irrigation 2-grass 2-vine is adopted, so that more species are generated, the landscape is better, and the vegetation coverage rate is higher.
From the examples 13 and 14, it can be seen that the combination mode of 1-irrigation 2-grass 2-vine is adopted, so that the species are more, the landscape is better, and the vegetation coverage rate is higher than that of the examples 9-12. And example 13 had slightly higher vegetation coverage than example 14.
Example 15:
a place: one coral island reef in Hainan province:
1. plant species: pittosporum tobira (scaivola sericea), Vitex trifoliata linn.var. simplicifolia Cham.), pachyrhizus (Ipomoea pesciprae), canavalidamia indica (canavaliarima), tupellitzia californica (phylla nodiflora), and bristles thorn (spinex littoreus).
2. Planting space: planting 2-3 rows of spatholobus suberectus and thick vines at the position close to the sea, planting pittosporum tobira inwards, planting the spatholobus suberectus and the thick vines at the periphery of the pittosporum suberectus, and interspersing bristles thorns, caulis piperis entada and single-leaf chaste tree shrubs.
3. Digging holes and placing base fertilizer: the planting method of the plants adopts the steps that planting holes are dug, the planting holes are conical, the diameter of the conical surface is 30cm, the height is 30cm, the seedling distance is about 30cm multiplied by 30cm, farmyard base fertilizer and coconut coir (the volume of a nutrition bag of the planted plant bag seedlings is 2/3, the mass ratio of the farmyard base fertilizer to the coconut coir is 1: 1) are placed in the planting holes, and then 5g of water-retaining agent is placed per plant.
4. Planting and fertilizing: soaking the seedlings in water (bubbling, water cannot be discharged by pinching with hands), shearing the bags with scissors, placing the seedlings in the bags into planting holes so as to avoid influencing the contact between soil balls and plant roots, backfilling coral sand about 10cm high, placing compound fertilizers (far away from the roots so as to avoid the fertilizers damaging the roots), finally backfilling sand or soil dressing, and watering until the seedlings are saturated.
5. And (5) maintenance: and after planting, watering again the next day. According to the wind, temperature and seedling condition, the watering amount is gradually reduced. Watering once a week later. In the embodiment, a combination mode of 2 grass and 2 vines is adopted, the species is more, 2 grass and vines are mutually complemented, the landscape effect is good, 5 plants continuously bloom, and the green covering and sand fixing effects are good; after 2 months, the survival rate is more than 85%, and the vegetation coverage rate reaches 80% (figure 5).
Example 16:
a place: one coral island reef in Hainan province:
1. plant species: pittosporum tobira (scaivola sericea), Vitex trifoliata linn.var. simplicifolia Cham.), pachyrhizus (Ipomoea pesciprae), canavalidamia indica (canavaliarima), tupellitzia californica (phylla nodiflora), and bristles thorn (spinex littoreus).
2. Planting space: planting 2-3 rows of spatholobus suberectus and thick vines at the position close to the sea, planting pittosporum tobira inwards, planting the spatholobus suberectus and the thick vines at the periphery of the pittosporum suberectus, and interspersing bristles thorns, caulis piperis entada and single-leaf chaste tree shrubs.
3. Digging holes and placing base fertilizer: the planting method of the plants adopts the steps that planting holes are dug, the planting holes are conical, the diameter of the conical surface is 30cm, the height is 30cm, the seedling distance is about 30cm multiplied by 30cm, farmyard base fertilizer and coconut coir (the volume of a nutrition bag of the planted plant bag seedlings is 2/3, the mass ratio of the farmyard base fertilizer to the coconut coir is 1: 1) are placed in the planting holes, and then 5g of water-retaining agent is placed per plant.
4. Planting and fertilizing: soaking the plant seedlings in water (bubbling, water can not be discharged by pinching with hands), cutting the bags with scissors, placing the plant seedlings in the planting holes so as not to influence the contact between soil balls and plant roots, backfilling coral sand about 10cm high, placing compound fertilizer (far away from the roots so as not to cause the fertilizer to damage the roots) at two sides of the planting holes, and applying 3-5mg/m according to the pH value of the specific coral sand during planting2Iron sulfide or iron-aluminum oxide is used for neutralizing alkali (reducing the pH value of coral sand to about 8.0) so as to be beneficial to plant growth and colonization, and then 10 g/plant of dried duckweed is added. Finally, sand or foreign soil is backfilled, and watering is carried out until saturation.
5. And (5) maintenance: and after planting, watering again the next day. According to the wind, temperature and seedling condition, the watering amount is gradually reduced. Watering once a week later. The embodiment adopts a combination mode of 2-irrigation 2 grass and 2 vines, and the growth is faster and better. The survival rate is more than 90% and the vegetation coverage rate is more than 85% in less than 2 months (figure 6). The maintenance cost is low. Example 16 grew better than example 15 due to the addition of iron sulfide or iron aluminum oxide.
Claims (1)
1. A method for building near-natural vegetation on tropical coral island reef is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. plant species: pittosporum tobira (scaivola sericea), Vitex trifoliata linn. var. simplicifolia Cham.), pachyrhizus (Ipomoea pescepa), canavalidamia indica (canavaliarima), tupellitzia californica (phylla nodiflora), and bristles thorn (spinex littoreeus);
b. planting space: planting 2-3 rows of spatholobus suberectus and thick vines at the position close to the sea, planting pittosporum tobira inwards, planting the spatholobus suberectus and the thick vines at the periphery of the pittosporum suberectus in a matching way, and decorating bristles thorns, the stemona japonica and the vitex single-leaf chaste tree;
c. the planting mode of the plants adopts the steps that a planting hole is dug, then farmyard manure and coconut chaff are placed in the planting hole, and then a water-retaining agent is placed in the planting hole; soaking the plant bag seedlings in water, cutting the bag, placing the plant bag seedlings in the planting holes, and backfilling part of coral sand; placing compound fertilizer on two sides of the planting hole, and applying 3-5mg/m2Iron sulfide or iron aluminum oxide, then putting 10 g/plant of duckweed, finally backfilling sand or soil, and watering until saturation;
d. after planting, watering for the first time to reach the saturated water content, and then gradually reducing watering until the plants grow to form near-natural vegetation;
the planting hole is conical, the diameter of the conical surface is 30cm, the height is 30cm, the seedling distance is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, farmyard manure and coconut coir are accumulated in a nutrition bag body of a plant bag seedling planted according to 2/3 in the planting hole, and then 5 g/plant of a water-retaining agent is added; the mass ratio of the farmyard manure to the coconut coir is 1: 1.
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