CN111657066A - Construction method of plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection - Google Patents
Construction method of plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection Download PDFInfo
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- CN111657066A CN111657066A CN202010463680.6A CN202010463680A CN111657066A CN 111657066 A CN111657066 A CN 111657066A CN 202010463680 A CN202010463680 A CN 202010463680A CN 111657066 A CN111657066 A CN 111657066A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection, which comprises the following steps: taking a position which is 1.1-1.15 meters above the elevation of the yellow sea as a planting lower limit line, a coastline as a planting upper limit line, and an area which is 0.1-0.2 meters above the elevation of the planting lower limit line as a first planting area, and planting thick vines in the first planting area; taking the area from the upper limit line of the first planting area to the local maximum tidal current water submerging line as a second planting area, and planting thick vines and vitex rotundifolia in the second planting area respectively; taking the area from the upper limit line to the coastline of the second planting area as a third planting area, and planting the vitex rotundifolia in the third planting area; and (5) curing to form a plant community of thick vines and vitex rotundifolia. The plant community constructed by the invention not only has better sand-fixing and bank-protecting effects, but also forms green ecological landscapes of beaches and coasts, and finally achieves the ecological treatment effect of sand-fixing and green-recovering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection.
Background
In coastal areas from Zhejiang to Hainan China, seawater tide movement is frequent and severe, and sea tides or storm tides retain sand grains in seawater at the coast, so that an unstable structure is formed. Especially, on both sides of the river connected with the sea, because the sea rises and falls, and the fish pond is cultivated by manual excavation, a bank with sea sand as the main surface is easier to form on both sides of the river and the dam side of the fish pond. Because sea sand lacks viscidity and adhesive force, the beach seashore is extremely unstable, sand loss and coast dam collapse easily occur, and the beach of the beach is degraded, even the beach disappears or the beach structure changes. Once a storm surge or typhoon occurs, the life and property loss of the economic society and the people is serious. Therefore, the sand fixation and bank protection of the coast and the beach are very difficult works, and the traditional sand fixation engineering mostly adopts dam building and diking to intercept sand, so that the effect is difficult to last.
In recent years, coastal beaches and sand beaches in China are damaged quickly, and the demand of gravel beaches, sand beaches and beaches on sand stabilization and bank protection is urgent. At present, the method is an effective method by recovering the vegetation of the bank, on one hand, the method can fix sand, protect sand and protect the bank, and play the ecological role of the coast in resisting the erosion of storm surge, on the other hand, the method can change the landscape and increase the ecological function of the green land. However, at present, an effective method for recovering the vegetation of the coastal sandy beach and the river beach is still lacked, the survival rate of the plants is low, and the effects of wind prevention, sand fixation and bank protection are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection, and aims to solve the technical problems that an effective method is still lacked for recovering coastal sandy beach and river beach vegetation, the plant survival rate is low, and the wind prevention, sand stabilization and bank protection effects are poor.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection comprises the following steps:
taking a position which is 1.1-1.15 meters above the yellow sea elevation vertically as a planting lower limit line and a coastline as a planting upper limit line, and setting an area between the planting lower limit line and the planting upper limit line as a planting area;
in the planting area, a position which is 1.1-1.15 meters above the elevation of the yellow sea is taken as a lower planting limit line, an area which is 0.1-0.2 meters above the elevation of the lower planting limit line is taken as a first planting area, and thick vines are planted in the first planting area;
taking the area from the upper limit line of the first planting area to the local maximum tidal current water submerging line as a second planting area, and planting thick vines and vitex rotundifolia in the second planting area respectively;
taking the area from the upper limit line to the coastline of the second planting area as a third planting area, and planting the vitex rotundifolia in the third planting area;
and (5) curing to form a plant community of thick vines and vitex rotundifolia.
Preferably, the step of planting thick vines and vitex rotundifolia respectively in the second planting area comprises:
taking an area which is 0.6-0.8 meter above the vertical height of the upper limit line of the first planting area as a lower planting area, and planting thick vines and simpleleaf shrub chastetree fruits in the lower planting area according to the plant proportion of (1-2): 1 respectively;
and taking the area from the upper limit line of the lower planting area to the local maximum tidal tide water submerging line as an upper planting area, wherein the ratio of plants in the upper planting area is 1: and (3) respectively planting thick vines and vitex rotundifolia.
Preferably, 9-12 thick vines are planted in the first planting area per square meter.
Preferably, in the third planting area, 9-15 vitex rotundifolia plants per square meter are planted.
Preferably, thick vines and single-leaf vitex rotundifolia are planted in the lower planting area in a block mixed mode, the size of the planted blocks of the thick vines is 5-10 square meters, and the size of the planted blocks of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia is 5-10 square meters.
Preferably, in the upper planting area, the thick vines and the vitex rotundifolia are planted in a plant-to-plant mixed mode.
Preferably, the thick vine is planted by stem propagation, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining thick rattan stems with the age of 8 months-1 year and the diameter of 5 mm-15 mm;
processing the thick rattan into thick rattan stem sections which are 25-55 cm in length and at least comprise two stem nodes with leaves and adventitious roots;
and after the thick rattan stem section is subjected to first disinfection treatment and first rooting treatment, planting the thick rattan stem section in a planting hole, and covering the adventitious root of the stem node with first mixed soil, wherein the covering thickness is 20-40 mm.
Preferably, the thick vine is planted by adopting seed propagation, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining thick vine seeds, removing seed coats of the thick vine seeds, and soaking the thick vine seeds in water for 18 to 24 hours to obtain pretreated thick vine seeds;
and dibbling the pretreated thick vine seeds into a planting hole containing first mixed soil, and pouring seawater with the salinity of 1-12 per mill every day until seedling emergence.
Preferably, the first disinfection treatment adopts carbendazim and/or a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3%.
Preferably, the first rooting treatment is carried out by soaking the cotton-fed with ABT1 rooting powder solution with the concentration of 430 mg/L-450 mg/L for 1-2 hours.
Preferably, the first mixed soil comprises the following components in a mass ratio of (1.5-2): 1 sea sand and red soil.
Preferably, the vitex rotundifolia is propagated by adopting stem strips, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining the stems of the vitex rotundifolia which are 1.2 to 1.5 years old and 5 to 15 millimeters in diameter;
processing the vitex rotundifolia stem strips into vitex rotundifolia stem segments with the length of 25-30 cm and at least comprising two stem nodes with leaves and adventitious roots;
and after the second disinfection treatment and the second rooting treatment are carried out on the stem segments of the vitex rotundifolia, the stem segments are planted in the planting holes, the adventitious roots of the stem segments are covered by second mixed soil, and the covering thickness is 8-10 mm.
Preferably, the vitex rotundifolia is propagated by adopting seeds, and comprises the following steps: obtaining single-leaf vitex rotundifolia seeds, soaking the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia seeds in water for 8-12 hours, dibbling the seeds into planting holes containing second mixed soil, and irrigating the seeds with seawater with the salinity of 3-15 per mill every day until seedlings emerge.
Preferably, the second sterilization process employs: carbendazim and/or a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent.
Preferably, the second rooting treatment adopts: and soaking the cotton carbon black in ABT1 rooting powder solution with the concentration of 430 mg/L-450 mg/L for 1-2 hours.
Preferably, the second mixed soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass (2-3): 1 sea sand and red soil.
Preferably, the curing process comprises the steps of: and (3) in 2-3 months from the date of planting the thick vines and the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia, watering with local seawater for 1 time every day except for big tides, and applying foliar fertilizer and auxin every 10-15 days.
The method for constructing the plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection provided by the invention takes a position which is 1.1-1.15 meters vertically upward from the elevation of the yellow sea as a planting lower limit line, and takes an area which is 0.1-0.2 meters vertically upward from the elevation of the planting lower limit line as a first planting area, wherein the planting area is frequently influenced by tide and has high soil salinity. And taking the area from the upper limit line of the first planting area to the local maximum tidal water flooding line as a second planting area, wherein the planting area is relatively less influenced by tide, the salinity of the soil is relatively low, and the plants still need to have certain tolerance to the salinity. The area from the upper limit line to the shoreline of the second planting area is taken as a third planting area, the planting area is not affected by tide, and the salinity of the soil is very low. According to the method, the thick vines are planted in the first planting area under the condition that different elevations of the coast are affected by tide and the tolerance of plants to salt and alkali, moisture, storm and the like is combined; and respectively planting thick vines and single-leaf vitex rotundifolia in the second planting area, and planting single-leaf vitex rotundifolia in the third planting area, wherein the thick vines and the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia both have better tolerance to soil salinity. Wherein, the thick vine has better survival rate and growth rate when the salinity of the soil is 9 to 19 percent, but the thick vine is not suitable for the soil environment with too low or too high salinity, so the thick vine is planted in the first planting area and the second planting area; the vitex rotundifolia has good survival rate and growth rate when the salinity of the soil is 0-17%, and can inhibit the growth of the vitex rotundifolia when the salinity is too high, so that the vitex rotundifolia is planted in a second planting area with relatively low salinity and a third planting area with the salinity of basically 0. The thick vines and the vitex rotundifolia adopted by the invention are creeping grown along the ground, the fibrous adventitious roots are developed, a plurality of adventitious roots can grow at each stem node of the branches, the branches can be buried with sand to grow downwards, the downward extension depth can reach 50 cm, the independent individuals can be rapidly bred, and the developed fibrous adventitious roots are crisscrossed and distributed in a net shape under the ground, can firmly grasp the sand, go deep into the sand layer and extend widely, thereby playing a better role in fixing sand and protecting the bank. In addition, through maintenance treatment, a plant community of thick vines and single-leaf vitex rotundifolia can be formed, climbing branches growing upwards from the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia can form a three-dimensional landscape and serve as vegetation to restore a coastal landscape, a river beach and coastal green ecological landscape is formed, and meanwhile, the ecological treatment effect of sand fixation and green restoration is achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solution and technical effect of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive step in connection with the embodiments of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or two upward unless specifically defined otherwise.
The weight of the related components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present invention may not only refer to the specific content of each component, but also represent the proportional relationship of the weight among the components, and therefore, the content of the related components is scaled up or down within the scope disclosed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention as long as it is in accordance with the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Specifically, the weight in the description of the embodiment of the present invention may be a unit of mass known in the chemical industry field such as μ g, mg, g, kg, etc.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection, which comprises the following steps:
s00, setting an area between a planting lower limit line and a planting upper limit line as a planting area by taking a position which is 1.1-1.15 meters above the elevation of the yellow sea as a planting lower limit line and a coastline as a planting upper limit line;
s10, in a planting area, taking a position which is 1.1-1.15 meters above the elevation of the yellow sea as a lower planting limit line, taking an area which is 0.1-0.2 meters above the elevation of the lower planting limit line as a first planting area, and planting thick vines in the first planting area;
s20, taking the area from the upper limit line of the first planting area to the local maximum tidal tide water submerging line as a second planting area, and planting thick vines and single-leaf chastetree fruits in the second planting area respectively;
and S30, curing to form a plant community of thick vines and vitex rotundifolia.
According to the method for constructing the plant community for fixing the sand and protecting the bank, the position which is 1.1-1.15 meters above the elevation of the yellow sea vertically is used as a planting lower limit line, a coastline is used as a planting upper limit line, and an area between the planting lower limit line and the planting upper limit line is set as a planting area; in the planting area, an area which is 0.1-0.2 m above the elevation of the lower limit line of planting is taken as a first planting area, the planting area is influenced by tide more frequently, and the soil salinity is higher. The area from the upper limit line of the first planting area to the local maximum tidal water flooding line is taken as a second planting area, the planting area is relatively less affected by tide, the salinity of the soil is relatively low, and the plants still need to have certain tolerance to the salinity. The area from the upper limit line of the second planting area to the shoreline is used as the third planting area, the planting area is not affected by tide, and the salinity of the soil is very low. According to the embodiment of the invention, the thick vines are planted in the first planting area by combining the conditions of different elevations of the coast affected by tide and the tolerance capability of plants on saline alkali, moisture, storm and the like; thick vines and single-leaf vitex rotundifolia are planted in the second planting area, single-leaf vitex rotundifolia is planted in the third planting area, and the thick vines and the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia both have good tolerance to soil salinity. Wherein, the thick vine has better survival rate and growth rate when the salinity of the soil is 9 to 19 percent, but the thick vine is not suitable for the soil environment with too low or too high salinity, so the thick vine is planted in the first planting area and the second planting area; the vitex rotundifolia has good survival rate and growth rate when the salinity of the soil is 0-17%, and can inhibit the growth of the vitex rotundifolia when the salinity is too high, so that the vitex rotundifolia is planted in a second planting area with relatively low salinity and a third planting area with the salinity of basically 0. According to the embodiment of the invention, the thick vines and the vitex rotundifolia are creeping grown along the ground, the fibrous adventitious roots are developed, a plurality of adventitious roots can grow at each stem node of the branches, the branches can be buried with sand downwards for growth, the downward extension depth can reach 50 cm, and the branches can be rapidly bred into independent individuals. And the developed fibrous adventitious roots are criss-cross underground and are distributed in a net shape, so that sand can be firmly grabbed, the fibrous adventitious roots go deep into a sand layer and extend widely, and a good sand fixing and bank protection effect is achieved. In addition, through maintenance treatment, a plant community of thick vines and single-leaf vitex rotundifolia can be formed, climbing branches growing upwards from the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia can form a three-dimensional landscape and serve as vegetation to restore a coastal landscape, a river beach and coastal green ecological landscape is formed, and meanwhile, the ecological treatment effect of sand fixation and green restoration is achieved.
Specifically, in step S00, the area between the lower planting limit line and the upper planting limit line is set as the planting area, with the position 1.1 to 1.15 meters vertically above the yellow sea level as the lower planting limit line and the coastline as the upper planting limit line. Specifically, in step S10, in the planting area, an area 0.1 to 0.2 meters above the lower limit line of the planting height is used as a first planting area, and the thick vines are planted in the first planting area. In the embodiment of the invention, a position 1.1-1.15 meters above the elevation of the yellow sea is taken as a lower limit planting line, an area 0.1-0.2 meters above the elevation of the lower limit planting line is taken as a first planting area, the planting area is greatly affected by tide, the soil salinity is higher, the requirement on the salinity tolerance capability of planted plants and the seawater flooding and soaking resistance performance of the area is higher, and thick vines with higher tolerance to the soil salinity (the tolerance to the soil salinity can reach about 19%) are planted in the planting area. The thick rattan is perennial creeping herb, the stem grows extremely and creeps the ground and spreads and grows, the fibrous adventitious root is developed, the developed fibrous adventitious root is criss-cross under the ground and is in a net distribution, can firmly grasp the sand, go deep into the sand bed and extend widely, play a better role in fixing sand and protecting the bank.
In some embodiments, the thick vines are planted in the first planting area according to 9-12 plants per square meter, and the planting density effectively ensures the plant coverage rate of the thick vines on the first planting area, so that the sand fixing effect of the thick vines on the first planting area is ensured; but also avoids the influence of resource competition among plants on the growth of the plants caused by over-dense planting.
Specifically, in step S20, the area from the upper limit line of the first planting area to the local maximum tidal current submerging line is taken as the second planting area, wherein the position 0.1-0.2 m above the vertical height of the lower limit line is taken as the upper limit line of the first planting area, and the thick vines and the vitex rotundifolia are planted in the second planting area respectively.
In a further embodiment, the step of planting thick vine and vitex rotundifolia respectively in the second planting area comprises:
s21, taking an area which is 0.6-0.8 meter above the vertical height of the upper limit line of the first planting area as a lower planting area, and planting thick vines and single-leaf chastetree respectively in the lower planting area according to the plant proportion of (1-2): 1;
s22, taking the area from the upper limit line of the lower planting area to the local maximum tidal tide water flooding line as an upper planting area, wherein the plant proportion in the upper planting area is 1: and (3) respectively planting thick vines and vitex rotundifolia.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the second planting area is divided into the following parts according to different conditions that the middle upper part and the lower part of the second planting area are affected by tides: and taking an area which is 0.6-0.8 meter vertically upwards from the height of the upper limit line of the first planting area as a lower planting area, wherein the lower planting area is influenced by tide and is larger than the upper planting area, the area can be submerged by the tidal water during the rising tide, and the requirement on the salinity tolerance of the plants is higher, so that the planting proportion of thick vines which are more tolerant to salinity in the area is higher than that of the simpleleaf shrub chastetree (0-17 per thousand tolerant to soil salinity), and the thick vines and the simpleleaf shrub chastetree are respectively planted according to the plant proportion of (1-2): 1. The area from the upper limit line of the lower planting area to the local maximum tidal water flooding line is the upper planting area, the area is influenced by seawater when the tide rises, the salinity of the soil is relatively low, and the plant proportion in the area is 1: (3-4) respectively planting thick vines and single-leaf shrubs, wherein the single-leaf shrubs are small shrubs of Verbenaceae, are in creeping growth, and have adventitious roots on creeping ground, so that the method has the characteristics of quick growth, strong stress resistance and easiness in propagation, has strong wind resistance, drought resistance and saline-alkali resistance, has a good sand fixation effect on the developed adventitious roots, and can form a three-dimensional landscape as a vegetation recovery coastal landscape to form a river beach and coastal green ecological landscape and achieve the ecological treatment effect of fixing sand and restoring green at the same time. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention divides the second planting area into an upper planting area and a lower planting area according to the condition of being affected by tide, and plants the vitex rotundifolia and the thick vine according to a specific proportion in different planting areas, thereby not only ensuring the vegetation coverage rate of the coast, but also having the effect of fixing and stabilizing sandy soil; moreover, the growth characteristics of the plants are considered, and the construction of a plant community with hierarchy, gradient and better landscape is facilitated.
In some embodiments, thick vines and vitex rotundifolia are planted in a block mixing mode in the lower planting area, the size of the planted blocks of the thick vines is 5-10 square meters, and the size of the planted blocks of the vitex rotundifolia is 5-10 square meters. According to the embodiment of the invention, thick vines and single-leaf vitex rotundifolia are planted in the lower planting area of the second planting area in a block mixed crossing mode with the planting block size of 5-10 square meters, the block mixed crossing can effectively utilize the intra-species and inter-species advantageous relationship of the thick vines and the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia, the purpose of mixed crossing can be achieved, and a plant community can be formed according to local conditions; and the construction is relatively convenient.
In some embodiments, the thick vine and the vitex rotundifolia are planted in the upper planting area in an inter-plant mixed mode. According to the embodiment of the invention, the thick vines and the vitex negundo are planted in the upper planting area of the second planting area in a plant-to-plant mixed mode, in some embodiments, every 4 square meters is taken as a planting unit, every 3 vitex negundo are planted, a thick vine is planted, and the thick vines are alternately planted in sequence to construct a plant community with mixed plants, so that the ecological stability is better, the sand fixing effect on coastal sandy land is better, and the formed plant landscape community is better.
Specifically, in step S30, the area from the upper limit line of the second planting area to the coastline is used as a third planting area, where the upper limit line of the second planting area is the position of the local maximum tidal water flooding line, and vitex rotundifolia is planted in the third planting area. According to the embodiment of the invention, the area from the upper limit line of the second planting area to the coastline is taken as a third planting area, the planting area is above the maximum tidal water tide level, is not influenced by tidal water all the year round, and has low requirement on the salinity tolerance of plants, and the area extends to the coastline and has higher requirement on plant landscape, so that the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia is planted in the area, the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia also has higher survival rate in the soil with the salinity of 0, and climbing branches grown upwards from the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia can form a three-dimensional landscape to be used as vegetation to restore the coastline landscape, form river beaches and green ecological landscapes on the coast, and simultaneously achieve the ecological treatment effect of sand fixation and greening.
In some embodiments, the planting density of the vitex rotundifolia in the third planting area is 9-15 plants per square meter, and the planting density effectively ensures the plant coverage rate of the vitex rotundifolia on the first planting area, so that the sand fixing effect of the vitex rotundifolia on the first planting area is ensured; but also avoids the influence of resource competition among plants on the growth of the plants caused by over-dense planting.
In some embodiments, thick vine planting is stem-grown, comprising the steps of:
s01, obtaining thick rattan stems with the age of 8 months-1 year and the diameter of 5 mm-15 mm;
s02, processing thick rattan into thick rattan stem sections which are 25-55 cm in length and at least comprise two stem nodes with leaves and adventitious roots;
s03, after first disinfection treatment and first rooting treatment are carried out on thick rattan stem sections, the thick rattan stem sections are planted in planting holes, stem node adventitious roots are covered with first mixed soil, and the covering thickness is 20-40 mm.
The embodiment of the invention adopts the stems to breed and plant the thick vines, selects the thick vines with the age of 8 months-1 year and the diameter of 5 mm-15 mm, and the stems of the type have high breeding speed and strong breeding capability. Then the stem strips are processed into thick rattan stem sections with the length of 25-55 cm and at least two stem nodes with leaves and adventitious roots, wherein the stem nodes with the leaves and the adventitious roots are beneficial to the survival and the propagation of the stem sections, and the length of the stem sections is beneficial to the subsequent planting. Then the stem segments are disinfected and rooted, so that the survival and rooting efficiency of the stem segments are improved. Finally, planting the vine into a planting hole, covering the adventitious root of the stem node with first mixed soil until the covering thickness is 20-40 mm, and enabling the leaves to leak outside, thereby completing the planting of the thick rattan.
In some embodiments, the first disinfection treatment adopts carbendazim and/or a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3%, so that bacteria on the thick rattan stem sections can be effectively killed, the stem sections are prevented from mildewing and rotting due to the influence of the bacteria, and the survival rate of the stem sections is improved.
In some embodiments, the first rooting treatment is carried out by soaking the light-weight cotton bud with an ABT1 rooting powder solution with a concentration of 430/L-450/L for 1-2 hours, and the light-weight cotton bud with an ABT1 rooting powder solution with a concentration of 430/L-450/L has a better rooting effect compared with rooting agents such as indoleacetic acid (IBA) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA), and the rooting effect can be improved by 20-45%.
In some embodiments, the first mixed soil comprises the following components in a mass ratio of (1.5-2): the sea sand and the red soil of the formula 1, wherein the sea sand increases the air permeability of the mixed soil, the red soil has better fixity to the root system of the thick rattan, and the first mixed soil of the formula provides sufficient air permeability for the growth of the root system of the thick rattan, and ensures the stability of the root system of the thick rattan.
In some embodiments, the thick vine is planted using seed propagation, comprising the steps of:
s04, obtaining thick vine seeds, removing seed coats of the thick vine seeds, and soaking the thick vine seeds in water for 18 to 24 hours to obtain pretreated thick vine seeds;
s05, dibbling the pretreated thick vine seeds into a planting hole containing first mixed soil, and pouring seawater with salinity of 1-12 per mill every day until seedlings emerge.
The thick vine of the embodiment of the invention can also be planted by adopting seed propagation, after the seed coat of the thick vine seed is removed, the thick vine is soaked in water for 18 to 24 hours, the germination efficiency of the seed is improved, then the thick vine is dibbled into a planting hole containing first mixed soil, seawater with the salinity of 1 to 12 per mill is used for pouring every day, and the thick vine is established with better tolerance to the salinity while the thick vine seedling is cultivated. The seedlings are fully illuminated in a nursery garden without shading, moisture and water accumulation, the continuous water accumulation soaking time is not more than 2 hours, the seedlings are cultivated in the environment of 19-25 ℃, the seedlings grow more than 0.7 meter after 45 days, and the germination rate is more than 95 percent. If the sargentgloryvine stem seeds are soaked in acid, alkali or seawater or not soaked, the seeds are not favorable for sprouting, and the sprouting rate is lower than 45%. In addition, because the vitex agnus-castus is a salt-requiring seed, the vitex agnus-castus can sprout and grow in a water environment with certain salinity, and the environment with the salinity of the poured seawater lower than 1 per thousand and higher than 12 per thousand is not favorable for seed germination.
In some embodiments, the vitex rotundifolia is propagated using shoots, comprising the steps of:
s001, obtaining single-leaf vitex rotundifolia stems with the ages of 1.2 to 1.5 years and the diameters of 5 to 15 millimeters;
s002, processing the stem strips of the vitex rotundifolia into single-leaf vitex rotundifolia stem segments which are 25-30 cm in length and at least comprise two stem nodes with leaves and adventitious roots;
and S003, after carrying out second disinfection treatment and second rooting treatment on the stem segments of the vitex rotundifolia, planting the stem segments in planting holes, and covering adventitious roots of the stem segments with second mixed soil, wherein the covering thickness is 8-10 mm.
The embodiment of the invention adopts the stem to breed and plant the vitex rotundifolia, the vitex rotundifolia stem with the age of 1.2-1.5 years and the diameter of 5-15 mm is selected, and the stem of the vitex rotundifolia has high breeding speed and strong breeding capability. Then the stem is processed into a single-leaf vitex rotundifolia stem segment with the length of 25-30 cm and at least comprising two stem nodes with leaves and adventitious roots, wherein the stem nodes with the leaves and the adventitious roots are beneficial to the survival and the propagation of the stem segment, and the length of the stem segment is beneficial to the subsequent planting. Then the stem segments are disinfected and rooted, so that the survival and rooting efficiency of the stem segments are improved. Finally, planting the stem in a planting hole, covering the adventitious root of the stem node with the first mixed soil until the covering thickness is 20-40 mm, and enabling the leaves to leak outside, thereby completing the planting of the stem of the vitex rotundifolia.
In some embodiments, the first disinfection treatment adopts carbendazim and/or a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3%, so that bacteria on the stems of the vitex rotundifolia can be effectively killed, the stems are prevented from mildewing and rotting due to the influence of the bacteria, and the survival rate of the stems is improved.
In some embodiments, the first rooting treatment is carried out by soaking the cotton bud with an ABT1 rooting powder solution with a concentration of 430/L-450/L for 1-2 hours, and the ABT1 rooting powder solution with a concentration of 430/L-450/L has a better rooting effect compared with rooting agents such as indoleacetic acid (IBA) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA), and the rooting effect can be improved by 20-45%.
In some embodiments, the first mixed soil comprises the following components in a mass ratio of (2-3): the sea sand and the red soil of the formula 1, wherein the sea sand increases the air permeability of the mixed soil, the red soil has better fixity to the root system of the thick vine, and the growth of the root system of the single-leaf vitex negundo has higher requirement on the air permeability of the soil, so that the first mixed soil with the ratio provides sufficient air permeability for the growth of the root system of the single-leaf vitex negundo, and the stability of the root system of the thick vine is ensured.
In some embodiments, vitex rotundifolia is propagated using seeds comprising the steps of: and (3) obtaining vitex rotundifolia seeds, soaking the vitex rotundifolia seeds in water for 8-12 hours, dibbling the seeds into a planting hole containing second mixed soil, and irrigating the seeds with seawater with the salinity of 3-15 per thousand every day until seedlings emerge.
The planting of the vitex rotundifolia in the embodiment of the invention can also adopt seed propagation, after the seed coat of the vitex rotundifolia seed is removed, the vitex rotundifolia seed is soaked in water for 18-24 hours, the germination efficiency of the seed is improved, then the seeds are dibbled into the planting holes containing the first mixed soil, seawater with the salinity of 3-15 per mill is used for pouring every day, and the vitex rotundifolia seedling is cultivated, and meanwhile, the better tolerance performance of the vitex rotundifolia on the salinity is established. The seedlings are fully illuminated in a nursery garden without water accumulation, the continuous water accumulation and soaking time is not more than 1 hour, the seedlings are cultivated in the environment of 21-25 ℃, the seedlings are grown after 45 days, and the germination rate is more than 95 percent. When the height of the seedling is more than 50 cm, the seedling can be pressed into the ground by sand, so that the seedling can crawl the ground to grow. If the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia seeds are soaked in acid, alkali or seawater or not soaked, the seeds are not favorable for germination, and the germination rate is lower than 50%. In addition, the vitex rotundifolia is a salt-requiring seed, and can sprout and grow in a water environment with certain salinity, and the environment with the salinity of the poured seawater lower than 3 per mill and higher than 15 per mill is not favorable for seed germination.
The method for cultivating the thick vines and the vitex rotundifolia through the seed propagation and stem propagation has the advantages that the survival rate is high and can reach more than 98%, the growth rate is high, particularly, the stem propagation mode is high, the number of adventitious roots on creeping stems on the ground is large, the sand fixing effect on the coast is good, and the greening speed is high.
In some embodiments, the curing process comprises the steps of: and (3) in 2-3 months from the planting date of the thick vines and the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia, local seawater is used for pouring for 1 time every day except for a big tide, foliar fertilizer and auxin are applied every 10-15 days, and after 3 months of maintenance, a plant community of the thick vines and the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia is formed, and the plant community has good wind prevention and sand fixation effects and high plant coverage rate. Checking whether sand in the planting holes is washed away by tide water every morning and evening, if the sand is washed away, covering sand soil again in time, and continuously checking and maintaining for 15 days
In order to make the above implementation details and operations of the present invention clearly understood by those skilled in the art, and to make the progress of the construction method of plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection obvious, the above technical solution is exemplified by a plurality of examples.
Example 1
The influence of coastal elevation on the survival rate of thick vines and vitex rotundifolia is explored.
According to the embodiment of the invention, thick vines and single-leaf vitex rotundifolia are respectively planted in different elevation areas of a beach through stem propagation, after 90 days of maintenance, the survival rates of the different areas are measured to determine the suitable growth areas of the thick vines and the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia, and the specific steps are as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
The experimental results show that the thick vines have higher survival rate in the area of the sand beach yellow sea submerging line with the elevation of 115 cm-highest tide, wherein the survival rate can still reach 83% in the area of 115 plus 125 cm with the salinity of about 19 per mill; the survival rate of the area with the height of 125 cm above the yellow sea can reach more than 90 percent, but on the sand beach separated from the sea water, the survival rate is basically 0, which indicates that the thick vines are halophytes and need a certain salinity in the soil, and if the salinity is too high (more than 19 percent) or is 0, the growth of the thick vines is not facilitated. The single-leaf vitex rotundifolia has higher survival rate in the area with the salinity higher than 125 cm, even the survival rate of the sand beach which is separated from the seawater submerging elevation can reach 98 percent, but the survival rate is extremely low when the salinity is too high.
Example 2
And constructing a plant community of pachynia and vitex simplex in Shenzhen West Yong coast beach.
Selecting a sand beach with a proper elevation: on Shenzhen Wenyucoast beach, the length along the coast line is 10 meters and the width is 15 meters, the sand content of the beach is 79 to 82 percent, and the water salinity of the beach is 16 to 19 per mill.
Secondly, planting thick vines in the area with the height of 1.15-1.25 m in the yellow sea, planting 9-12 vines per square meter, and arranging the finished products in a shape of Chinese character 'tu'.
Thirdly, planting thick vines and single-leaf chastetree in a mixed mode in an area with the height of 1.25-1.85 m of the yellow sea, and mixing the thick vines and the single-leaf chastetree according to the proportion of 1: 1, alternately arranging in sheets, planting thick vines every 5 square meters, and planting single-leaf vitex rotundifolia every 5 square meters.
Planting thick vines and single-leaf vitex rotundifolia in the area with the yellow sea elevation larger than 1.85 meters and high tide sea water reaching the area, and planting the thick vines and the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia according to the proportion of 3: 1, adopting mixed planting, planting 3 single-leaf vitex rotundifolia (plant) and 1 thick vine in an area of 4 square meters, and sequentially alternating one planting unit per 4 square meters.
Planting single-leaf vitex rotundifolia in a stem-shoot propagation mode: in the wild natural environment, in the evening, old stem strips (containing adventitious roots of stem nodes) are adopted, the old stem strips are 24 months old and about 0.7 cm in diameter, the old stem strips are cut into small segments of 25 cm long, at least 1 stem node extending into underground hairy roots is ensured to be arranged on each small segment of old stem strip, branches are upwards sprouted on the stem nodes, the hairy roots extending into sandy soil on the stems and the stem nodes are well dug out, the hairy roots are well protected, the cross sections of the old stem strips are put into 0.3 percent potassium permanganate solution to be soaked and sterilized for 15 minutes, and then the stem nodes with the hairy roots are put into ABT1 rooting powder with the concentration of 450mg/L to be soaked for 1 hour. In the early morning, 1500 old stems (strips) are taken, 1 stem node with a fibrous root is arranged on each stem strip, 1500 stem nodes with fibrous roots are dug out, and the depth of each sand hole is 8 cm. 10 stems are planted per square meter, 1 stem node with a fibrous root is arranged on each stem, all the stem nodes with the fibrous roots are buried in sand holes and covered with sandy soil, and the thickness of the sandy soil is 10 cm.
Sixthly, planting thick vines in a stem-strip propagation mode: cutting old rattans of thick vines in the field natural environment on a seedbed of the wild thick vines or thick vines in the evening of the first day, wherein the old rattans are 18 months old and about 1.5 cm in diameter, cutting the old rattans of thick vines into small sections of 25 cm long, ensuring that at least 2 stem nodes extending into underground hairy roots are arranged on each small section of old rattan, the stem nodes are upwards germinated with leaves, digging out the stems and the hairy roots on the stem nodes which are deep into sandy soil completely, protecting the hairy roots, putting the cross sections of the old rattans into 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for soaking and sterilizing for 15 minutes, preventing and treating the cross sections from being infected by pathogenic bacteria, and then putting the stem nodes with the hairy roots into rooting powder with the concentration of 450mg/L for treating for 1 hour to promote the stem nodes to grow into more hairy roots. And (3) after the tide subsides in the early morning, taking small sections of the 1600 old rattans, burying stems and fibrous roots of the small sections of the rattans into the sand beach, leaving the leaves outside, wherein the burying depth is 5-10 cm, and the small sections are configured according to the specification of 0.25 m multiplied by 0.25 m plant spacing multiplied by row spacing. Special attention is paid to the fact that the hairy roots on each stem must be covered with sand.
And seventhly, maintenance management: pouring seawater or salt water once every other day (the salinity of the seawater or salt water is 10 per mill), and pouring thoroughly for 3 times continuously. The situation that the planted stem is washed by seawater is checked every day, and the sea sand on the stem is supplemented in time to prevent the adventitious roots on the stem from exposing out of the sand to influence the settlement of new individuals. Applying the foliar fertilizer and the auxin once every 10 to 15 days.
After 35 days, the survival rate reaches 98 percent, and the coverage degree reaches 90 percent. After 50 days, the vegetation coverage on the sand beach reaches 99%, and the sand beach is stable.
Further, in order to verify the sand-fixing and bank-protecting effects of the embodiment 2 of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention uses untreated beaches and naturally exposed beaches covered with geotextiles as comparative examples, and verifies the sand-fixing and bank-protecting effects, and the specific tests and results are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
From the experimental results, the beach constructed by the ecological communities of the thick vines and the vitex negundo plants in the embodiment 2 of the invention has no reduction in the thickness of the beach layer after 210 days of natural sea wind blowing and sea wave soaking, the sand-fixing and bank-protecting effects are good, and the thickness of the beach in the comparative example area is obviously reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking a position which is 1.1-1.15 meters above the yellow sea elevation vertically as a planting lower limit line and a coastline as a planting upper limit line, and setting an area between the planting lower limit line and the planting upper limit line as a planting area;
in the planting area, an area which is 0.1-0.2 m above the lower limit line in the vertical direction is used as a first planting area, and thick vines are planted in the first planting area;
taking the area from the upper limit line of the first planting area to the local maximum tidal current water submerging line as a second planting area, and planting thick vines and vitex rotundifolia in the second planting area respectively;
taking the area from the upper limit line to the coastline of the second planting area as a third planting area, and planting the vitex rotundifolia in the third planting area;
and (5) curing to form a plant community of thick vines and vitex rotundifolia.
2. A method of constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and revetment according to claim 1, wherein the step of planting thick vine and vitex rotundifolia in said second planting area respectively comprises:
taking an area which is 0.6-0.8 meter above the vertical height of the upper limit line of the first planting area as a lower planting area, and planting thick vines and simpleleaf shrub chastetree fruits in the lower planting area according to the plant proportion of (1-2): 1 respectively;
and taking the area from the upper limit line of the lower planting area to the local maximum tidal tide water submerging line as an upper planting area, wherein the ratio of plants in the upper planting area is 1: and (3) respectively planting thick vines and vitex rotundifolia.
3. A method of constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and revetment according to claim 2, wherein thick vines are planted in the first planting area at 9-12 plants per square meter; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
planting single-leaf vitex rotundifolia in the third planting area according to 9-15 plants per square meter; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
planting thick vines and single-leaf vitex rotundifolia in a block mixed mode in the lower planting area, wherein the size of the planted blocks of the thick vines is 5-10 square meters, and the size of the planted blocks of the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia is 5-10 square meters; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and planting thick vines and single-leaf vitex rotundifolia in the upper planting area in an inter-plant mixed mode.
4. A method for constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein thick vines are planted by shoot propagation, comprising the steps of:
obtaining thick rattan stems with the age of 8 months-1 year and the diameter of 5 mm-15 mm;
processing the thick rattan into thick rattan stem sections which are 25-55 cm in length and at least comprise two stem nodes with leaves and adventitious roots;
and after the thick rattan stem section is subjected to first disinfection treatment and first rooting treatment, planting the thick rattan stem section in a planting hole, and covering the adventitious root of the stem node with first mixed soil, wherein the covering thickness is 20-40 mm.
5. A method for constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thick vine is planted by seed propagation, comprising the steps of:
obtaining thick vine seeds, removing seed coats of the thick vine seeds, and soaking the thick vine seeds in water for 18 to 24 hours to obtain pretreated thick vine seeds;
and dibbling the pretreated thick vine seeds into a planting hole containing first mixed soil, and pouring seawater with salinity of 1-12 per mill every day until seedling emergence.
6. A method of constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first disinfection treatment employs carbendazim and/or a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.3%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
soaking the first rooting treatment in an ABT1 rooting powder solution with the concentration of 430 mg/L-450 mg/L for 1-2 hours; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the first mixed soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass (1.5-2): 1 sea sand and red soil.
7. A method for constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the Simpleleaf chastetree is propagated by adopting stem, comprising the steps of:
obtaining the stems of the vitex rotundifolia which are 1.2 to 1.5 years old and 5 to 15 millimeters in diameter;
processing the vitex rotundifolia stem strips into vitex rotundifolia stem segments with the length of 25-30 cm and at least comprising two stem nodes with leaves and adventitious roots;
and after the second disinfection treatment and the second rooting treatment are carried out on the stem segments of the vitex rotundifolia, the stem segments are planted in the planting holes, the adventitious roots of the stem segments are covered by second mixed soil, and the covering thickness is 8-10 mm.
8. A method for constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and bank protection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said Simpleleaf chastetree is propagated by seeds, comprising the steps of: obtaining single-leaf vitex rotundifolia seeds, soaking the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia seeds in water for 8-12 hours, dibbling the seeds into planting holes containing second mixed soil, and irrigating the seeds with seawater with the salinity of 3-15 per mill every day until seedlings emerge.
9. A method of constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and revetment according to claim 7, wherein said second disinfection process comprises: carbendazim and/or a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the second rooting treatment comprises the following steps: soaking the cotton carbon with the concentration of 430 mg/L-450 mg/L in ABT1 rooting powder solution for 1-2 hours; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the second mixed soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass (2-3): 1 sea sand and red soil.
10. A method of constructing a plant community for sand stabilization and revetment according to claim 9, wherein said maintenance treatment comprises the steps of: and (3) irrigating with local seawater for 1 time every day within 2-3 months from the planting date of the thick vines and the single-leaf vitex rotundifolia, and applying foliar fertilizer and auxin every 10-15 days.
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