CN115885613A - Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling spartina alterniflora near natural recovery - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling spartina alterniflora near natural recovery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of spartina alterniflora prevention and control, in particular to a comprehensive prevention and control method for near-natural recovery. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mowing, rotary tillage and root breaking: cutting the spartina alterniflora before the spartina alterniflora germinates to mature seeds, and controlling the height of stubbles at the base part to be less than 5cm; cutting 10-15 days later, fully cutting root systems by adopting a mechanical rotary cultivator, burying the root systems in the sludge in situ, fully damaging underground root systems when the rotary tillage depth reaches 30-50cm, reducing the new germination rate of spartina alterniflora and reducing the carbon loss of soil; (2) configuring and planting the nearly naturally restored rural forest and grass plaques: the beach after the spartina alterniflora is removed is coated, and after a tidal ditch is dug according to natural accumulated water, the method of the spot-blocking inlaying configuration of the native mangrove plants and the saline marsh plants is adopted to recover the vegetation of the forest land and prevent and control the re-invasion of the spartina alterniflora.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and control of spartina alterniflora, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling spartina alterniflora with near-natural recovery.
Background
The spartina alterniflora is an external invasive organism, has strong reproductive capacity and diffusivity, destroys biodiversity, blocks a navigation channel, influences coastal fishery production, and seriously degrades a coastal wetland ecosystem. The spartina alterniflora is difficult to remove and control and high in treatment cost. In the last 20 years, for prevention and control treatment of spartina alterniflora, students actively explore various treatment measures, the prevention and control technology for the treatment of spartina alterniflora mainly adopts a physical removal and biological substitution mode, the physical removal and treatment mainly adopts a cutting, ploughing and deep burying method, a root turning method, root breaking method and the like, and the methods mostly fail to eliminate the spartina alterniflora efficiently or have the problems of large disturbance to soil, large soil carbon loss and the like; biological substitution method: the single vegetation type recovery is mostly adopted, such as mangrove plants or saline marsh plants, and the planting mode is pure planting or mixed planting among multiple species of rows/plants in the type. For example, the foreign mangrove plant sonneratia apetala replaces spartina alterniflora, and although a good recovery effect is achieved, the hidden danger of invasion of new foreign organisms exists, so that the method is not suitable for large-scale popularization. The recovery of other mangrove plant species is slow in growth, and a high-density planting afforestation method is mostly adopted for effectively preventing and controlling the spartina alterniflora, the defect of the afforestation mode is increasingly remarkable, and the problems that a plurality of densely planted forests are serious in pest and disease damage, forest stand degeneration, biological diversity in the forest is seriously reduced, birds are difficult to inhabit, benthos is difficult to survive and the like seriously affect the sustainable and healthy development of a mangrove ecological system.
At present, reports about forest and grass configuration planting are provided, for example, guangdong such as spring ecological group limited company discloses a method for treating spartina alterniflora by using a habitat restoration ecological succession measure, pioneer mangrove plants such as exotic fast-growing mangrove sonneratia apetala and the like are preferentially planted, when the canopy closure reaches more than 0.65, and the coverage of the spartina alterniflora is reduced to less than 15%, and then saline swamp plants and shrub plants are planted, and the method has the risk of invasion of new exotic invasive organisms; the Liao Bao Wen reports a mangrove forest-swamp marsh grass cooperative ecological restoration practice and system, which is to perform tree-grass mixed planting on a newly-manufactured intertidal zone bare beach with the elevation of about 220cm, adopts medium and large seedlings, has large-scale terrain reformation, is medium and large seedlings, has high afforestation restoration cost, and is not suitable for large-scale popularization.
The near-nature restoration is to restore a degraded ecosystem to an ecosystem with species composition, diversity and community structure close to zonal vegetation by using native plants, and the ecosystem with near-nature restoration has a more stable community structure and is more favorable for resisting external interference. Under the current situation, a low-cost and near-natural restoration mode is an important method for scientifically and efficiently preventing and controlling spartina alterniflora invasion, is also a new technology to be developed urgently at present, and is wider in applicability and more healthy and stable in system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provide a spartina alterniflora prevention and control technology which is low in cost, capable of remolding the microbial habitat and recovering the native vegetation. The repair technology of mowing, in-situ rotary tillage and root breaking and local forest grass patch configuration is adopted, the complexity of community structure is improved, the resistance of an ecological system is improved, the stable and healthy development of the system is promoted, and the spartina alterniflora re-invasion is scientifically and efficiently prevented and controlled.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling spartina alterniflora near natural recovery, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mowing the spartina alterniflora before the seeds germinate to be mature (4-9 months);
(2) After the spartina alterniflora grows to 14-16 cm, rotary tillage is carried out by a rotary cultivator, and trenching is leveled;
(3) Planting rural coastal wetland plants, and performing plaque configuration on the rural forest grass plants;
(4) And (4) clearing weeds.
Preferably, the height of stubble at the base of the spartina alterniflora mown in the step (1) is less than or equal to 5cm.
Preferably, the rotary tillage in the step (2) is carried out for 2 times, and the advancing directions of the 2-time rotary tillage rotary cultivators are mutually vertical; the rotary tillage depth is required to reach 30-50 cm; all broken roots are buried deep in sludge below 30cm.
Preferably, the land preparation and trench digging in the step (2) is used for land preparation for near-natural micro-terrain reconstruction, the ponding condition of a tidal flat is observed about one week after land preparation, the tidal trench is dug at the position with ponding, and then the rural plants are planted.
Preferably, the local coastal plants in the step (3) are mangrove plants (Kandelia candel), reed, cyperus brachycarpus and scirpus maritima, the sources of the mangrove plants (Kandelia candel) are hypocotyls or young seedlings (container seedlings with the seedling age of 0.5-1 year), and local seed sources are adopted in principle to avoid selecting fresh water container seedlings for afforestation.
Preferably, the planting row spacing of the mangrove plant (Kandelia candel) in the step (3) is 50cm multiplied by 50cm, and the planting density of the cyperus malaccensis, the reed and the scirpus maritima is 70cm multiplied by 70cm.
Preferably, the space for planting the rural coastal plants in the step (3) is configured as follows: divided according to habitat, from high tide level to low tide level, which are respectively mangrove plant (Kandelia candel), cyperus malaccensis, reed and scirpus.
Preferably, the step (4) is to remove the newly grown seedlings of the spartina alterniflora in time according to the actual requirements, dig out the underground part and step on the underground part to be buried in the sludge. Weeding is carried out for 1 time in 9-10 months of the current year, and weeds are cleared for 1 time respectively in 5-6 months and 9-10 months of the second and third years.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can fully destroy the underground root system of the spartina alterniflora, reduce the new germination rate of the spartina alterniflora and reduce the carbon loss of the soil; configuring and planting the nearly naturally restored rural forest and grass plaques: on the mudflat after the Spartina alterniflora is removed, the method of the patch mosaic configuration of the native mangrove plant and the salt marsh plant is adopted to recover the vegetation of the forest land and prevent and control the repeated invasion of the Spartina alterniflora.
2. The ground roots of the existing spartina alterniflora comprehensive treatment machine are ground on the basis of deep turning by 20-25 cm, the spartina alterniflora treatment machine carries out rotary tillage on site to grind the roots, the depth reaches more than 30cm, the treatment depth is deeper and more thorough, the removal and treatment efficiency is higher, the exposure disturbance of mud flat soil is reduced, the ground root remains in-situ soil decay, and the soil carbon loss is reduced; other current treatment machines are mainly applied to coastal mudflats, swamps and shallow water areas, the machine used by the invention is highly integrated with a buoyancy tank, has triphibious performance, can safely operate in the deep water area, and has wider application range.
3. The plant selected by the invention is a coastal plant of the local soil, belongs to near-natural restoration and has better effect. The spot-blocking configuration of the native mangrove plants and the salt marsh plants is in accordance with the characteristics of the nature, the complexity of the structure of an ecological system is increased, the formed system is more stable, and the resistance of the system is stronger.
4. The invention does not relate to large-scale transformation of terrain, and a tidal trench is excavated according to the natural water accumulation state of a tidal flat after land preparation, so that the smoothness of the tidal water is ensured.
5. The invention adopts hypocotyls or young seedlings, has good recovery effect and low treatment cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a view of the planting pattern of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling spartina alterniflora near natural recovery, which comprises the following steps:
1. cutting, rotary tillage and root breaking method
1.1 mowing: before the spartina alterniflora germinates to be mature (4-9 months), a mechanical mower is adopted to mow, and the height of the stubble at the base part of the mowed spartina alterniflora is controlled to be less than 5cm.
1.2, rotary tillage: after the spartina alterniflora is mown, after the spartina alterniflora naturally sprouts and grows to 14-16 cm (about 10-15 days), the root systems are fully cut up by a mechanical rotary cultivator and buried in sludge, the rotary tillage rate reaches 100%, the rotary tillage depth is required to reach 30-50cm, the rotary tillage is required to be carried out for 2 times, and the advancing directions of the two machines are mutually vertical, so that the underground root systems of the spartina alterniflora are fully damaged, the new germination rate of the spartina alterniflora is reduced, and the removal and treatment effect is achieved. The removal rate of the mowing and rotary tillage root crushing method can reach over 90 percent.
1.3, leveling: leveling the beach surface.
In the invention, the spartina alterniflora grows to about 15cm preferably after being mown, rotary tillage is carried out by a rotary cultivator, the beach surface is leveled, and ditches are dug naturally.
In the invention, the height of the stubble at the base of the mowing spartina alterniflora is preferably 1-5 cm; more preferably 2 to 4cm; more preferably 3cm.
In the invention, the depth of the rotary tillage is preferably 34-46 cm; more preferably 38 to 42cm; more preferably 40cm.
2. Prevention and control technology for spartina alterniflora near natural recovery
2.1 native plant species selection
Adopts native plants such as mangrove (Kandelia candel), rhizoma Phragmitis, cyperus malaccensis, scirpus maritima, etc.
2.2 planting time
Preferably 6-8 months.
2.3 preparation of native plant seedlings
Mangrove plants: selecting healthy hypocotyl seedlings or container seedlings without diseases and insect pests. (1) hypocotyl seedling: selecting mature, fresh, healthy, plump and plant-pest-free hypocotyls, wherein the length of the hypocotyls of the Kandelia candel is preferably 16-25 cm; (2) container seedling: selecting healthy and healthy container seedlings with no plant diseases and insect pests, developed root systems, strong growth, 30-80 cm and 0.5-1 year of seedling age. Shading, moisture preservation and pressure prevention are required in the process of seedling transportation. The time for transportation in the way is preferably not more than 24 hours. In principle, local seed sources are adopted, and the fresh water container seedlings are prevented from being selected for forestation.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the length of the hypocotyl of the Kandelia candel is 20 cm.
Reed, reed: digging and collecting the roots and stems of the reed in a natural growing place, digging alternately or digging small spots, and reserving a part of the roots and stems of the reed during digging. Digging to a depth of 20-30cm based on digging to a horizontal rhizome, collecting the obtained rhizome in time, bagging, spraying water, and avoiding direct sunlight. Digging collected rhizome, transporting in time, spraying water on the rhizome before transportation, wrapping, and bagging.
Cyperus brachypodium: digging and collecting rhizome in natural growing place of cyperus malaccensis, digging alternately or digging small spot while retaining part of rhizome. Digging to a depth of 20-30cm based on digging to horizontal rhizome, collecting the rhizome in time, bagging, spraying water, and avoiding direct sunshine. Digging collected rhizome, transporting in time, spraying water on the rhizome before transportation, wrapping, and bagging.
Scirpus: digging and collecting rhizomes in a natural growing place of scirpus marigoldianus, digging alternately or digging small spots, shaking off soil, cutting underground stems into a plurality of clumps with branch scissors or a quick knife, collecting the obtained rhizomes in time, bagging, spraying water, and avoiding direct sunshine. Digging collected rhizome, transporting in time, spraying water on the rhizome before transportation, wrapping, and bagging.
In the present invention, 9 to 11 shoot buds per cluster are preferred; more preferably 8 shoot buds.
2.4 native plant planting Density
The method is characterized by adopting a narrow-row ridge-forming planting method. The row spacing of mangrove plant (Kandelia candel) is 0.5m × 0.5m, and the initial density of 3 of Cymalacca malaccensis, phragmites communis and Scirpus maritima is 0.7m × 0.7m.
2.5 space allocation of native plants
Is divided into high tide level and low tide level according to habitat, and is composed of mangrove plant, cyperus brachycarpus, reed and scirpus maritima respectively. On the same horizontal line of the outward direction of the mangrove plant, 4/5 of cyperus malaccensis is occupied by the short-leaf cyperus malaccensis, and 1/5 of the rest of the reeds are planted in a full way and extend horizontally and downwards to surround the periphery of the mangrove plant, the width of the reed is about 1/5 of the planting length of the mangrove plant, and the other side of the reed is also planted along the periphery of the mangrove and cyperus malaccensis by the same way. The width of the forest belt of scirpus marigolense is smaller than that of other local plants. On the vertical line, the width of the forest belt of the mangrove plant and the cyperus malaccensis is equal, and the reed is slightly shorter.
2.6 native plant growing
2.6.1 cleaning of forest lands
Before planting the native plants, cleaning fishing nets, floating sundries, hard remains of marine animals, spartina alterniflora and the like.
2.6.2 preparation of forest land
Leveling the tidal flat during soil preparation, and backfilling the local too low section with sea mud nearby. And (4) observing the ponding condition of the tidal flat about one week after land preparation, and excavating a tidal trench at the position with ponding so as to facilitate smooth entry and exit of seawater.
2.6.2 hypocotyl forestation
The planting direction and interval are firstly pulled out by a string. When planting, the cotyledon part of the embryonic axis is upward, the top point part is downward, and the embryonic axis is vertically inserted into a mud beach; or binding the hypocotyl of the Kandelia candel with the bamboo chopsticks by a rubber band to form a downward extending implant, vertically inserting into the mud beach, wherein the insertion depth is 1/3-2/3.
In the invention, the hypocotyl transplanting depth is about 1/2-2/3 of the length of the hypocotyl in the middle tidal flat zone with deep silt and large wind waves; the transplanting depth of the embryonic axis in medium and high tide beach zones with hard soil and small stormy waves is 1/3-1/2 of the length of the embryonic axis.
2.6.3 Nutrition bag seedling afforestation
Before forestation, the planting direction and the planting interval are pulled out by a string. During planting, 20cm of sludge is dug under the planting points to form small soil pits, the container seedling bag bottom film is scratched or scratched, the container seedlings are filled and righted, and the sludge is applied and slightly compacted. Properly planting the seeds in deep and thick medium and low tidal flat zones with the covering height of the sludge not exceeding 5cm of the upper surface of the container bag; in the medium and high tide beach zones with hard soil, the container bag is just covered by soil. In the middle tidal flat zone with large wind waves, a bamboo pole is inserted beside the seedling, the seedling is deeply buried into 50cm of silt and exposed out of 150cm of the surface of the tidal flat, and the seedling and the bamboo pole are tied together by a glass rope so as to reduce the influence of the wind waves on the seedling.
2.6.4 planting of Phragmites communis, cyperus malaccensis and Scirpus maritima
Reed: before transplanting, the rootstock is cut into rootstock sections with the length of 15-30cm, and each rootstock section is ensured to have at least 2 nodes or buds. Planting in a hole digging and planting mode, wherein the depth of each hole is 15-30cm, laying the cut rootstocks in the holes flatly, and covering soil.
Cyperus brachypodium: before transplanting, the rootstock is cut into rootstock sections with the length of 15-30cm, and each rootstock section is ensured to have at least 2 sections or buds. Planting in a hole digging and planting mode, wherein the depth of each hole is 15-30cm, laying the cut rootstocks in the holes flatly, and covering soil.
Scirpus: before transplanting, the rootstock is cut into rootstock sections with the length of 10-20cm, and each rootstock section is ensured to have at least 2 nodes or buds. Planting in a hole digging and planting mode, wherein the depth of each hole is 10-20cm, laying the cut rootstocks in the holes flatly, and covering soil.
2.7 later period management and protection
2.7.1 Enclosed beach conservation
After the native plants are planted, 150 cm-200 cm closed water-permeable nylon purse nets with the net aperture of 3-6 cm are arranged on a planting plot, so that the tidal flat of an afforestation plot is limited to be engaged in artificial activities unrelated to tending and management; before the forest is grown, the management and protection are enhanced, and the damage to people and livestock such as driving to a small sea, digging, catching, culturing and the like is prevented.
2.7.2 tending
Before the local vegetation is closed into a forest, because the spartina alterniflora growing seedlings are high in germination capacity, the newly growing spartina alterniflora seedlings are timely removed according to actual requirements, and the underground part is dug out and is buried in silt in a treading mode. Weeding is carried out for 1 time in 9-10 months of the current year, weeds are cleared for 1 time respectively in 5-6 months and 9-10 months of the second and third years, and garbage, sundries, seaweed and the like in the planting field and wound on young seedlings are cleared in the weeding process.
2.7.3 replanting
After planting, the survival rate, lodging conditions and the like of native plants should be checked in time, if dead or diseased plants exist, the plants should be cleaned in time, and when the survival rate of forestation in the same year is lower than 70%, the plants should be replanted at a proper time, and the lodging plants are fixed and righted. In order to ensure the afforestation quality and maintain the stability of the wetland ecosystem, the preservation rate of the native plants is more than 70 percent after 3 years of planting, and timely replanting is carried out when the preservation rate is less than 70 percent.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Cutting and rotary tillage root-crushing method
1.1 mowing: and (4) mowing by using a mechanical mower before the spartina alterniflora germinates to mature seeds (5 months), and controlling the height of stubble at the base part of the mowed spartina alterniflora to be less than 5cm.
1.2, rotary tillage: after the spartina alterniflora is mown, the spartina alterniflora naturally germinates and grows to 15cm (about 12 days), the root system is fully cut up by a mechanical rotary cultivator and buried in the sludge, the rotary tillage rate reaches 100%, the rotary tillage depth is required to be more than 30cm, the rotary tillage is required for 2 times, and the advancing directions of the two machines are perpendicular to each other, so that the underground root system of the spartina alterniflora is fully damaged, the new germination rate of the spartina alterniflora is reduced, and the removal and treatment effect is achieved. The removal rate of the mowing and rotary tillage root crushing method can reach over 90 percent.
1.3, leveling: leveling the beach surface.
2. Prevention and control technology for spartina alterniflora near natural recovery
2.1 native plant species selection
Adopts native indigenous plants such as mangrove plants (Kandelia candel), reed, cyperus malaccensis, scirpus maritima and the like.
2.2 planting time
And 6 months later.
2.3 preparation of native plant seedlings
Mangrove plant: selecting healthy hypocotyl seedlings or container seedlings without diseases and insect pests. (1) hypocotyl seedling: selecting mature, fresh, healthy, plump and plant disease and insect pest-free embryonic axis, wherein the length of the embryonic axis of the Kandelia candel is 16-25 cm; (2) container seedling: selecting healthy and healthy container seedlings which are free of plant diseases and insect pests, have developed root systems, grow robustly and grow 35-60 cm (in actual production, the heights of plants cannot be the same, so that the container seedlings are written into a range value, the lower is the same) and have the seedling age of 1 year. Shading, moisture preservation and pressure prevention are required in the process of seedling transportation. The time for transportation in the way is preferably not more than 24 hours. In principle, local seed sources are adopted, and fresh water container seedling afforestation is avoided.
Reed, reed: digging and collecting roots and stems in a natural reed growing land, and digging alternately or in small spots, wherein a part of the roots and stems of the reeds are reserved during digging. Digging to reach the depth of 20-30cm, collecting the obtained rhizome in time, bagging, and spraying water to avoid direct sunlight. Digging collected rhizome, transporting in time, spraying water on the rhizome before transportation, wrapping, and bagging.
Cyperus brachypodium: digging and collecting rhizome in natural growing place of cyperus malaccensis, digging alternately or digging small spot while retaining part of rhizome. Digging to a depth of 20-30cm based on digging to horizontal rhizome, collecting the rhizome in time, bagging, spraying water, and preventing direct sun exposure. Digging collected rhizome, transporting in time, spraying water on the rhizome before transportation, wrapping, and bagging.
Scirpus: digging and collecting rhizomes in a natural growing place of scirpus mariqueter, digging alternately or small spots, shaking off soil, cutting underground stems into a plurality of clusters with a branch shear or a fast knife, collecting the obtained rhizomes in time, bagging, spraying water, and avoiding direct sunlight. Digging collected rhizome, transporting in time, spraying water on the rhizome, wrapping and bagging before transporting.
2.4 native plant planting Density
The method is carried out by narrow row ridge-forming planting method, wherein the row spacing of mangrove plant (Kandelia candel) is 0.5m × 0.5m, and the initial density of 3 of Cyperus malaccensis, phragmites communis and Scirpus maritima is 0.7m × 0.7m.
2.5 space allocation of native plants
The plants are divided according to habitat from high tide level to low tide level, and are respectively mangrove plant, cyperus malaccensis, reed and scirpus maritima. On the same horizontal line of the outward direction of the mangrove plant, the cyperus malaccensis is 4/5 of the short-leaf cyperus malaccensis, the reed is planted in the rest 1/5 of the beta cyperus malaccensis, and the beta cyperus malaccensis is planted horizontally and downwards in an extending mode to surround the periphery of the mangrove plant, the width of the beta cyperus malaccensis is about 1/5 of the planting length of the mangrove plant, and the reed is also planted along the periphery of the mangrove and the cyperus malaccensis on the other side. The width of the forest belt of scirpus marigolense is smaller than that of other local plants. On the vertical line, the width of the forest belt of the mangrove plant and the cyperus malaccensis is equal, and the width of the reed is smaller than that of other plants.
2.6 native plant growing
2.6.1 cleaning of forest lands
Before planting the native plants, cleaning fishing nets, floating sundries, hard remains of marine animals and spartina alterniflora.
2.6.2 preparation of forest land
Leveling the tidal flat during soil preparation, and backfilling the local too low section with sea mud nearby. And (4) observing the ponding condition of the tidal flat about one week after land preparation, and excavating a tidal trench at the position with ponding so as to facilitate smooth entry and exit of seawater.
2.6.3 hypocotyl forestation
The direction and interval of planting is firstly pulled out by a string. When planting, the cotyledon part of the embryonic axis is upward, the top point part is downward, and the embryonic axis is vertically inserted into a mud beach; or binding the hypocotyl of Kandelia candel with bamboo chopsticks by rubber band to form a downward-extending implant, and vertically inserting into mud beach. In the middle tidal flat zone with deep silt and large stormy waves, the transplanting depth of the embryonic axis is about 2/3 of the length of the embryonic axis; the medium and high tide beach zones with hard soil and small wind waves have the embryonic axis inserting depth of 1/2 of the length.
2.6.4 Nutrition bag seedling afforestation
Before forestation, the planting direction and the planting interval are pulled out by a string. During planting, 20cm of sludge is dug under the planting points to form small soil pits, the container seedling bag bottom film is scratched or scratched, the container seedlings are filled and righted, and the sludge is applied and slightly compacted. Properly deeply planting in the deep silt medium and low tidal flat zones, wherein the covering height of the silt is not more than 5cm of the upper surface of the container bag; in the medium and high tide beach zones with hard soil, the container bag is just covered by soil. In the middle tidal flat zone with large wind waves, a bamboo pole is inserted beside the seedling, the seedling is deeply buried into 50cm of silt and exposed out of 150cm of the surface of the tidal flat, and the seedling and the bamboo pole are tied together by a glass rope so as to reduce the influence of the wind waves on the seedling.
2.6.5 planting of Phragmites communis, cyperus malaccensis and Scirpus maritima
Reed: before transplanting, the rootstock is cut into rootstock sections with the length of 15-30cm, and each rootstock section is ensured to have at least 2 sections. Planting in hole with hole depth of 15-30cm, laying the cut rhizome in the hole, and covering with soil.
Cyperus brachypodium: before transplanting, the rootstock is cut into rootstock sections with the length of 15-30cm, and each rootstock section is ensured to have at least 2 nodes or buds. Planting in hole with hole depth of 15-30cm, laying the cut rhizome in the hole, and covering with soil.
Scirpus: before transplanting, the rootstock is cut into rootstock sections with the length of 10-20cm, and each rootstock section is ensured to have at least 2 nodes or buds. Planting in a hole digging mode, wherein the depth of each hole is 10-20cm, placing the cut rhizome in the hole horizontally, and covering soil.
2.7 later period management and protection
2.7.1 Enclosed beach conservation
After the planting of the native plants, a 180cm closed water-permeable nylon purse net is arranged in the planting plots, the aperture of the net is 5cm, and the tidal flat of the forestation plots is limited to carry out artificial activities unrelated to tending and management; before the forest is grown, the management and protection are enhanced, and the damage to people and livestock such as driving to a small sea, digging, catching, culturing and the like is prevented.
2.7.2 tending
Before the local vegetation closes to form a forest, due to the strong germination capacity of the spartina alterniflora, newly grown spartina alterniflora seedlings are removed in time according to actual needs, and the underground part is dug out and buried in silt. Weeding is carried out for 1 time in 10 months of the current year, weeds are cleared up for 1 time in 6 months and 10 months of the second year and the third year respectively, and garbage, sundries and seaweed in the planting field and wound on young seedlings are cleared up together in the weeding process.
2.7.3 replanting
After planting, the survival rate and lodging condition of native plants should be checked in time, if dead or diseased plants exist, the plants should be cleaned in time, and when the survival rate of forestation in the same year is lower than 70%, the plants should be replanted at a proper time, and the lodging plants are fixed and righted. In order to ensure the afforestation quality and maintain the stability of the wetland ecosystem, the preservation rate of the native plants is more than 70 percent after 3 years of planting, and timely replanting is carried out when the preservation rate is lower than 70 percent.
Monitoring of bird biodiversity at 4 years post-reconstitution: the number of the recovered bird species is found to be 47;
evaluating the stability of the ecological system: carrying out field investigation and indoor experiments on soil, plants, biodiversity and the like in the areas before and after reconstruction, constructing a stability evaluation index system comprising 8 indexes such as community species abundance, spatial heterogeneity, material productivity, carbon and oxygen fixation and release, nutrient retention capacity, soil carbon fixation capacity, biodiversity and the threatened condition of a wetland, comprehensively evaluating the stability of an ecosystem configured by mangrove plants and saline marsh plants before and after reconstruction, and obtaining an evaluation result that the stability index of the mangrove saline marsh plant configuration system is 0.863 and the stability is good; and the system stability index before reconstruction is 0.533, and the stability is poor.
And after reconstruction, the field investigation of the 4 th year shows that the recovery area has no spartina alterniflora re-invasion phenomenon and has good prevention and control effects.
Before the configuration of the forest and grass plaques, a subject group develops a competitive experiment of the native plants and the spartina alterniflora and a native plant planting configuration mode test.
On the application of the spartina alterniflora treatment beach, 7 modes of planting pure Kandelia candel, pure reed, pure cyperus malaccensis and pure scirpus maritime, banded mixed species of Kandelia candel reed, banded mixed species of Kandelia candel and cyperus malaccensis, banded mixed species of Kandelia candel and pure scirpus maritime and the like are set for carrying out planting tests. From the planting result, the recovery effect of a single block mode of each species is good, so the vegetation is recovered by adopting a forest and grass patch configuration method to prevent and control the spartina alterniflora.
Competitive experiments with indigenous plants and spartina alterniflora: the local plants include 4 species of Kandelia candel, phragmites communis, acmalaccensis malaccensis and Scirpus scriptratus. 4 kinds of local plants are respectively mixed with the spartina alterniflora, and 4 kinds of proportions of the local plants and the spartina alterniflora are set as follows: namely 1, 2. Growth height was monitored 3 and 5 months after planting various native plants in various planting patterns.
Intrusion resistance index: after the foreign plants invade, the change rate of the growth amount of the native plants in different periods reflects the resistance of the native plants after the foreign plants invade to the foreign plants, and the smaller the change rate is, the smaller the resistance to invasion is.
The competitive power index is: and after the foreign plants invade, the difference rate of the growth quantity of the invaded plants and the growth quantity of the local plants. Therefore, after the foreign plants are invaded, the competitiveness of the native plants in the competition process is evaluated, and if the difference rate is larger, the competitiveness is smaller.
The spartina alterniflora also enters the withering period in winter, so that the change data of 3 months and 1 month is defined as the initial growth period, the change data of 5 months and 3 months is defined as the later growth period, and the competitive index and the anti-invasion statistic later period of the native plants in different modes are counted according to the change data. See table 1 below for details:
TABLE 1 results of competition test between native plants and Spartina alterniflora
Table 1 shows that the kandelia candel ratio is increased, and the anti-invasion and competitive power is increased; the competitiveness of the salina plant does not increase along with the increase of the proportion, and the difference of the competitiveness of the proportion 2; the competitiveness of the short-leaf cyperus malaccensis is the greatest at the initial growth stage, the growth difference with the spartina alterniflora is the smallest, and the competitiveness of the Kandelia candel is the smallest; the competitiveness of the short-leaf cyperus malaccensis in the later growth stage is weakened, the competitiveness of the reed is improved, and the competitiveness of the Kandelia candel is still the minimum; in terms of anti-invasion capacity, the anti-invasion capacity of the reed is the largest, and the anti-invasion capacity of the Kandelia candel is larger than that of the cyperus malaccensis. From the ecological perspective, the construction of an ecosystem configured by forest and grass is more beneficial to the stable development of the system, so that a restoration mode that Kandelia candel, cyperus malaccensis, reed and scirpus are sequentially planted from the continental sea is provided. The competitiveness of cyperus malaccensis in the early growth stage of spartina alterniflora is higher than that of other local plants, and the cyperus malaccensis is arranged at the periphery of the mangrove plant to be beneficial to preventing the early invasion of the spartina alterniflora; the later-stage competitiveness and the anti-invasion capacity of the reed are the greatest, and the reed is planted on the periphery of the cyperus malaccensis, so that the later-stage disadvantage of the cyperus malaccensis is compensated, a protective net is formed, the growth of the red-tree plant of the autumn eggplant is protected, and the spartina alterniflora is prevented from invading; the scirpus marigoldens is suitable for planting at medium and low tide levels, the outermost side of planting is configured, the protection distance is lengthened, and planting in a forest and grass configuration and restoration mode is guaranteed.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for comprehensively preventing and controlling spartina alterniflora near natural recovery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mowing the spartina alterniflora before the seeds germinate to be mature;
(2) Naturally growing the spartina alterniflora to 14-16 cm after being mown, rotary tillage by a rotary cultivator, and leveling and ditching;
(3) Planting rural coastal wetland plants, and performing plaque configuration on the rural forest grass plants;
(4) And (5) clearing weeds.
2. The method for comprehensive prevention and control of spartina alterniflora near natural restoration according to claim 1, wherein the height of stubble at the base of the mown spartina alterniflora in step (1) is less than or equal to 5cm.
3. The method for comprehensive prevention and control of spartina alterniflora near nature recovery of claim 1, wherein the number of rotary cultivations in step (2) is 2, and the traveling directions of the 2 rotary cultivators are perpendicular to each other; the rotary tillage depth is required to reach 30-50 cm; all broken roots are buried deep in sludge below 30cm.
4. The method for integrated prevention and control of Spartina alterniflora for near-nature restoration according to claim 1, wherein the leveling of the trench digging in step (2) is performed for the soil preparation of near-nature micro-topography reformation, the accumulated water status of the tidal flat is observed one week after the soil preparation, the tidal trench is dug at the position where the accumulated water exists, and then the rural coastal wetland plants are planted.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the local coastal plants of step (3) are mangrove plants, phragmites communis, cyperus malaccensis and scirpus maritima; the mangrove plant source is hypocotyl or young seedling.
6. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling Spartina alterniflora near natural recovery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the mangrove plants in step (3) is 50cm x 50cm; the planting density of the short leaf cyperus malaccensis, the reed and the scirpus maritimus is 70cm multiplied by 70cm.
7. The method for integrated control of Spartina alterniflora for near natural restoration according to claim 1, wherein the space for planting the local coastal plants of step (3) is configured as follows: is divided into high tide level and low tide level according to habitat, and is mangrove plant, cyperus brachycarpus, reed and scirpus maritimus.
8. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling spartina alterniflora near natural recovery as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (4) is to remove the newly grown seedlings of spartina alterniflora in time according to actual needs, dig out the underground part and land on the sludge; weeding is carried out for 1 time in 9-10 months of the current year, and weeds are cleared for 1 time respectively in 5-6 months and 9-10 months of the second and third years.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116848984A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-10-10 | 华东师范大学 | Method for harnessing and improving carbon sink of spartina alterniflora in coastal wetland |
| CN117678447A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-03-12 | 宁波大学 | Shading and film covering removal treatment method for spartina alterniflora |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116848984A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-10-10 | 华东师范大学 | Method for harnessing and improving carbon sink of spartina alterniflora in coastal wetland |
| CN117678447A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-03-12 | 宁波大学 | Shading and film covering removal treatment method for spartina alterniflora |
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