CN109644785B - Lotus leaf wrapping planting method for submerged plant tape grass seedlings of shallow water areas of Tongjiang lakes - Google Patents
Lotus leaf wrapping planting method for submerged plant tape grass seedlings of shallow water areas of Tongjiang lakes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lotus leaf wrapped soil planting method for submerged plant eel grass seedlings in a spring shallow water area of a shallow lake in Tongjiang, which is characterized in that a planting area with the water depth of 0.5-0.8 m, the water transparency kept at about 40cm and the sediment capable of providing sufficient nutrients for eel grass growth is selected; wrapping 1 cluster of tape grass seedlings with wet natural lake bottom mud, 3-4 seedlings in each cluster, wherein the mud mass specification is that the height is 15-20 cm, the bottom surface diameter is 10-15 cm, the shape is a cylindrical mud mass, and the seedlings are wrapped in the middle of the cylindrical mud mass; completely wrapping the mud pie with fresh lotus leaves, exposing the seedlings, fastening the lotus leaves at the seedling exposing positions with dry straws, and cutting off the redundant lotus leaves exceeding the height of the mud pie; placing the mud balls with the tape grass on the water surface, wherein the interval between the front and the back and the left and the right of each mud ball is about 5m, so that the mud balls can naturally grow when sinking to the water bottom. Solves the problem of difficult artificial planting of the tape grass in the shallow water area, and can quickly recover the ecological function of the lake.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aquatic vegetation ecological restoration technology, in particular to a lotus leaf wrapped planting method for seedlings of Vallisneri anatanas (Lour.) Hara in spring shallow water areas of shallow lakes in Tongjiang.
Background
The river-Huai river basin leads to river and lake groups and the rivers together form a unique river-lake composite wetland with wide distribution range and large area. The historic submerged vegetation in the lake through the river grows well, rich biodiversity is bred, and the method plays an important role in maintaining the stability and ecological safety of the wetland ecosystem of the lake through the river. With the development of economy, the utilization intensity of wetland resources is gradually increased, and the ecological process of the lake wetland is seriously interfered. In recent years, the aquaculture industry is rapidly developed, particularly the lake aquatic vegetation is seriously damaged by purse net culture, particularly submerged plants are almost disappeared, and the ecological safety of the whole watershed is seriously influenced. Therefore, submerged plants need to be planted artificially to recover aquatic vegetation quickly, so that the structural integrity, functional stability and rich biodiversity of the wetland of the lake through the river are maintained, and biodiversity protection is effectively realized.
Most of the river-opening lakes on both sides of the Yangtze river in Anhui province of China are shallow lakes, and the natural hydrological process is the dry period from the first 10 months to the second 4 months, and the rich period from the 5 months to the 10 months, so that most of the clear water areas of the river-opening lakes in early spring every year are low in water level and mostly within 1 m. The growth and development process of the submerged plants is consistent with the hydrological process, namely the water level is low in the dry period of 4 months, the submerged plants in the shallow water area of the lake begin to germinate and grow, the submerged plants can gradually grow along with the gradual increase of the water level, and finally the submerged plants grow vigorously in the rich water period. For the field planting of submerged plants, particularly bitter herbs, the existing method wastes time and labor, and particularly for wetlands with water depth within 1m, the manual direct field planting of the seedlings of the submerged plants is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lotus leaf wrapped planting method for submerged plant tape grass seedlings in shallow water areas in spring of Tongjiang lake, which solves the problem of planting the submerged plant tape grass in the shallow water areas in Tongjiang lake and enables the tape grass to be successfully planted in the shallow water areas in the lake.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a field planting technology of a submerged plant tape grass in a lake through the river, which comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) selecting a planting area: the field planting area is selected in a shallow water area of a gold lake risen in a lake through the river, the water depth is 0.5-0.8 m, the transparency of a water body is kept at about 40cm, bottom soil is bottom mud formed in a natural lake for many years, sufficient nutrients can be provided for the growth of the tape grass, and the density of the herbivorous fishes in the area is small;
B. selection of planting time: combining the growth habit of the submerged plant sowthistle seedlings and the growth habit of the lotus, wherein the optimal planting time is in the middle ten days of 4 months;
C. selecting, lifting and transferring the tape grass seedlings: screening the tape grass seedlings with good growth condition and complete root systems;
D. preparing a soil-carrying block of the seedling: wrapping 1 cluster of tape grass seedlings with wet natural lake bottom mud, 3-4 seedlings in each cluster, wherein the height of a mud mass is 15-20 cm, the diameter of the bottom surface is 10-15 cm, the mud mass is cylindrical, and the seedlings are wrapped in the middle of the cylindrical mud mass;
E. the lotus leaf wrapping seedling with soil agglomerate: completely wrapping the mud pie with fresh lotus leaves, exposing the seedlings, fastening the lotus leaves at the seedling exposing positions with dry straws, and finally cutting off the redundant lotus leaves exceeding the height of the mud pie;
F. planting the tape grass: putting the lotus leaf wrapped tape grass seedling with soil blocks into water, and making the lotus leaf wrapped tape grass seedling with soil blocks sink to the water bottom for natural growth, wherein the cultivation specification is that the plant spacing is multiplied by the row spacing is 5m multiplied by 5 m.
G. Monitoring the ecological indexes of the bitter grass cultivation area.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the planting technology of the submerged plant tape grass in the shallow water area of the lake through the river, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, solves the problem of planting the submerged plant in the shallow water area of the lake through the river, enables the submerged plant tape grass to be successfully planted in the shallow water area of the lake through the river, reduces the waste of seedlings, reduces the workload of artificial cultivation, improves the planting efficiency, ensures the survival rate of the submerged plant tape grass simultaneously, enables the submerged plant tape grass to better form submerged vegetation, and recovers the service function of the water ecological system of the lake through the river.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for soil-wrapping planting of seedlings of a submerged plant, tape grass, in shallow water areas of a lake through the river according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
The invention relates to a lotus leaf wrapping planting method for submerged plant tape grass seedlings in shallow water areas of rivers and lakes, which has a better specific implementation mode and comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) selecting a planting area: the field planting area is selected in a shallow water area of a gold lake risen in a lake through the river, the water depth is 0.5-0.8 m, the transparency of a water body is kept at about 40cm, bottom soil is bottom mud formed in a natural lake for many years, sufficient nutrients can be provided for the growth of the tape grass, and the density of the herbivorous fishes in the area is small;
B. selection of planting time: combining the growth habit of the submerged plant sowthistle seedlings and the growth habit of the lotus, wherein the optimal planting time is in the middle ten days of 4 months;
C. selecting, lifting and transferring the tape grass seedlings: screening the tape grass seedlings with good growth condition and complete root systems;
D. preparing a soil-carrying block of the seedling: wrapping 1 cluster of tape grass seedlings with wet natural lake bottom mud, 3-4 seedlings in each cluster, wherein the height of a mud mass is 15-20 cm, the diameter of the bottom surface is 10-15 cm, the mud mass is cylindrical, and the seedlings are wrapped in the middle of the cylindrical mud mass;
E. the lotus leaf wrapping seedling with soil agglomerate: completely wrapping the mud pie with fresh lotus leaves, exposing the seedlings, fastening the lotus leaves at the seedling exposing positions with dry straws, and finally cutting off the redundant lotus leaves exceeding the height of the mud pie;
F. planting the tape grass: putting the lotus leaf wrapped tape grass seedling with soil blocks into water, and making the lotus leaf wrapped tape grass seedling with soil blocks sink to the water bottom for natural growth, wherein the cultivation specification is that the plant spacing is multiplied by the row spacing is 5m multiplied by 5 m.
G. Monitoring the ecological indexes of the bitter grass cultivation area.
The step A comprises the following steps:
according to hydrological changes of shallow lakes in the river, the water level of the selected planting area is preferably 0.5-0.8 m deep in the middle of 4 months of the picrass planting time, which is the optimal water level for planting the picrass, and the water level is relatively stable in the period of time, so that the normal growth and development of seedlings after planting can be guaranteed. The bottom mud of the shallow water area can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the tape grass and provide a certain space for the survival of the tape grass.
The step C comprises the following steps:
selecting, lifting and transferring the tape grass seedlings: selecting the seedling with high growth rate at low water level and stem length of about 30-35 cm, and manually lifting the seedling. Quickly metering, placing into a plastic basket with the length of 60cm, the width of 45cm and the height of 35cm, wrapping with geotextile, and sprinkling water before transportation to prevent the seedlings from losing water in the transportation process.
The seedlings for field planting are ensured to have strong growth vigor, complete root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests and no weeds.
When the seedlings are transported, the following steps are carried out: light loading, light placing and light unloading are carried out, and the seedlings are not damaged.
The quantity should be checked and the specification and quality checked during shipment. The transportation time of the seedlings should be selected in the morning or at night, and the seedlings are guaranteed to be taken along, loaded and transported along in principle. During transportation, the cover should be covered, wind-proof, light-proof, can not be pressed heavily, ensure humidity, prevent dehydration.
The step E comprises the following steps:
the diameter of the leaf surface of the lotus leaf is preferably larger than 45cm, the lotus leaf is harvested by a reaping hook in a picking mode, the completeness of the leaf surface is ensured in the transportation process, and the seedling soil-carrying lumps are conveniently wrapped. The lotus leaves are tied tightly by the dry straws at the exposed positions of the seedlings, so that the lotus leaves are prevented from dispersing in the process of sinking the seedlings with soil lumps, and the tape grass seedlings float on the water surface.
The step G comprises the following steps:
after planting, monitoring once every two weeks, wherein the monitoring indexes comprise average water depth, coverage of tape grass population in an engineering area, clone division number and ecological indexes (leaf length, leaf width, flowering rate and seed setting rate) of tape grass; in order to keep the transparency and dissolved oxygen of the water body, provide sufficient illumination conditions and nutrition conditions for the tape grass and remove other aquatic plants competing strongly with the tape grass growth in time.
According to the special hydrological law of the Shengjin lake and the existing aquatic plant growth habit of the Tongjiang lake, a wild eel planting method for planting seedlings of eel grass in the shallow water area of the Tongjiang lake is explored through a field eel planting test. The invention utilizes the typical submerged aquatic plant tape grass in the lake through the river to solve the problem of effectively recovering the submerged vegetation in the shallow water area of the lake through the tape grass field planting experiment in the shallow water area of the Shengjin lake. Under the support of a recovery experiment project of the national natural protection area of the Shengjin lake, an aquatic plant community taking the submerged plant tape grass as a dominant species is reconstructed in a test area of the national natural protection area of the Shengjin lake, and the aquatic ecosystem is restored to the environment of the natural protection area. After the submerged plant tape grass forms dominant swamp, the primary producers in shallow lakes can be maintained, and the structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem can be recovered.
The invention explores a method for quickly and effectively planting the tape grass aiming at the condition that the aquatic vegetation in the lake through the river is degraded at present, not only reduces the waste of seedlings, but also reduces the workload of artificial cultivation, and the used lotus leaves and dry straws are both made of local materials, so the resources are sufficient, secondary pollution is avoided, the tape grass is pricked in soil at the bottom of the lake from a mud mass, then the tape grass grows normally along with the gradual rise of the water level of the lake, finally the maximum biomass is reached in the rich water period, the problem that the tape grass in the shallow lake water area is difficult to be planted is successfully solved, and rich seed sources are provided for the natural recovery of the tape grass.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to investigation and analysis of the reason for degradation of submerged vegetation in the lake through the river, the tape grass seedlings and the field planting areas are reasonably selected, and because the seedlings of the tape grass are wrapped in the soil of the rice field in the early stage, the tape grass can be easily field-planted and underwater, the workload of manual field planting is greatly reduced, the field planting efficiency is improved, the lotus leaves are wrapped so as not to move along with water flow, and the lotus leaves and the dry straws can be degraded in a certain time, so that the tape grass can be rooted at the bottom of the lake, the tape grass is better adapted to the natural water body of the lake through the river, the structural integrity and the functional stability of the wetland of the lake through the river are maintained, and abundant provenance is provided for natural recovery.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
reasonably screening the dominant species of aquatic plants in the Tongjiang lake, as shown in fig. 1, with the support of a recovery experiment project of the national natural protection area of the Yangjin lake, researches on a lotus leaf wrapping soil planting method of submerged plant bitter grass seedlings in the shallow water area of the Tongjiang lake at the Jinbaojima country natural protection area in 5 months to 2018 months in 2018, and explores an optimal method for planting the bitter grass in the shallow water area of the Tongjiang lake in a dry water period. The submerged plant tape grass is used as a tool species, a tape grass aquatic plant community is constructed in the national natural protection area of the Shengjin lake, the space ecological niche is increased, and the service function of an aquatic ecosystem is fully exerted.
The specific implementation steps and requirements include:
1. and (3) field planting area selection:
the water depth of the planting area is 0.5-0.8 m, the transparency of the water body is kept at about 40cm, the bottom mud can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the tape grass, and the number of the herbivorous fishes in the selected area is small.
2. And (3) selecting planting time:
the optimum time for permanent planting is from the middle to the end of 4 months, according to the life habit of the submerged plant sowthistle seedlings and the life habit of the lotus.
3. Selecting, lifting and transferring the tape grass seedlings:
the tape grass seedlings which grow in a low water level area are screened, so that manual seedling lifting is facilitated, the growth condition is good, the seedling height is about 20-25 cm, the root system is complete, and the tape grass seedlings are free of diseases, insect pests and weeds. The seedling lifting mode adopts manual seedling lifting. After rapid measurement, the seedlings are placed in a plastic basket with the length of 60cm, the width of 45cm and the height of 35cm, wrapped by geotextile, and sprinkled with water before transportation so as to prevent the seedlings from losing water in the transportation process.
When the seedlings are transported, the following steps are carried out: light loading, light placing and light unloading are carried out, and the seedlings are not damaged. The quantity should be checked and the specification and quality checked during shipment. The transportation time of the seedlings should be selected in the morning or at night, and the seedlings are guaranteed to be taken along, loaded and transported along in principle. During transportation, the cover should be covered, wind-proof, light-proof, can not be pressed heavily, ensure humidity, prevent dehydration.
4. Preparing a soil-carrying block of the seedling:
the method is characterized in that 1 cluster of tape grass seedlings is wrapped by wet natural lake bottom mud, 3-4 seedlings are wrapped in each cluster, the height of a mud mass is 15-20 cm, the diameter of the bottom surface is 10-15 cm, the mud mass is cylindrical, and the seedlings are wrapped in the middle of the cylindrical mud mass.
5. The lotus leaf wrapping seedling with soil agglomerate:
completely wrapping the mud pie with fresh lotus leaves, exposing the seedlings, fastening the lotus leaves at the seedling exposing positions with dry straws, and finally cutting off the redundant lotus leaves exceeding the height of the mud pie. The lotus leaves are good in growth vigor, the diameter of the leaf surfaces is preferably larger than 45cm, the lotus leaves are harvested by a sickle in a picking mode, and the completeness of the leaf surfaces is guaranteed in the transportation process, so that the seedlings with soil lumps can be conveniently wrapped.
6. Planting in the selected planting area:
placing the mud ball with herba Swertiae Dilutae in water, and making it sink to water bottom for natural growth, wherein the cultivation specification is 5m × 5 m.
7. Ecological indexes of the dominant species tape grass:
and (4) monitoring the growth condition of the aquatic plant community in the engineering area from 5 late ten days to 10 months in 2018 every two weeks for 5 months. The development condition of the seedlings of the tape grass in 5 months after transplantation is good, the height of the seedlings of the tape grass is 16cm, the average length of creeping stems is 27.3cm, the survival rate of the tape grass in a cultivation area reaches 85 percent, and 3-4 tape grass plants grow in each tape grass mud mass.
② the 6 months old eel grass grows well in 2018, the average water depth of the cultivation area is 80cm, the average height reaches 24cm, and the planting survival rate of the eel grass in the cultivation area reaches 75 percent.
And thirdly, in 2018, the growth of the common sowthistle in 7 months enters a prosperous period, and the density, the coverage, the height and the biomass are obviously increased. At the moment, the average water depth of the cultivation area is 85cm, the average coverage per square meter reaches 90%, the average plant height is 58cm, the average length of the rootstock is 11.6cm, and each rootstock can germinate to generate 4 new plants on average.
And fourthly, the 8-month tape grass in 2018 enters a flowering stage, and the growth gradually reaches the peak. At this time, the average water depth of the cultivation area is 90cm, the average plant height is 74cm, the average number of flower buds is 9 per plant, and the average number of leaves is 7 per plant.
Investigation in 2018 and 9 months finds that the tape grass starts to enter the fructification stage. The average water depth of the cultivation area is 90cm, the average plant height of the tape grass is 80cm, the average number of flower buds is 10 per plant, the average number of fruiting bodies is 8 per plant, and the average number of leaves is 9 per plant.
Sixthly, the fruit of the common sowthistle herb gradually matures in 2018 in 10 months, and the leaf gradually turns to light yellow. The average water depth is 95cm, the average plant height is 83cm, the average number of flower buds is 7 per plant, and the average real number of mature fruits is 5 per plant. The biomass is reduced because a part of the seeds are mature and float on the water surface.
Under the current situation that aquatic plants in the lake seriously degrade, the method adapts to water level change in a natural state, and the tape grass is quickly and conveniently planted, so that the effect of quickly recovering the primary productivity of the river-opening lake is achieved; the instrument species that uses is submerged plant eel grass, through this kind of technique, the work load of greatly reduced manual work field planting makes the hay effectively moreover at the bed mud field planting, through the rhizome, stolon or dormancy bud rapid nutrition reproduction, eel grass can live through the winter in the water nature moreover, does not die, does not need the second year field planting again, has improved the efficiency of field planting.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A lotus leaf wrapping planting method for submerged plant tape grass seedlings in shallow water areas of Tongjiang lakes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. and (3) selecting a planting area: the field planting area is selected in a shallow water area of a gold lake risen in a lake through the river, the water depth is 0.5-0.8 m, the transparency of a water body is kept at about 40cm, bottom soil is bottom mud formed in a natural lake for many years, sufficient nutrients can be provided for the growth of the tape grass, and the density of the herbivorous fishes in the area is small;
B. selection of planting time: combining the growth habit of the submerged plant sowthistle seedlings and the growth habit of the lotus, wherein the optimal planting time is in the middle ten days of 4 months;
C. selecting, lifting and transferring the tape grass seedlings: screening the tape grass seedlings with good growth condition and complete root systems;
D. preparing a soil-carrying block of the seedling: wrapping 1 cluster of tape grass seedlings with wet natural lake bottom mud, 3-4 seedlings in each cluster, wherein the height of a mud mass is 15-20 cm, the diameter of the bottom surface is 10-15 cm, the mud mass is cylindrical, and the seedlings are wrapped in the middle of the cylindrical mud mass;
E. the lotus leaf wrapping seedling with soil agglomerate: completely wrapping the mud pie with fresh lotus leaves, exposing the seedlings, fastening the lotus leaves at the seedling exposing positions with dry straws, and finally cutting off the redundant lotus leaves exceeding the height of the mud pie;
F. planting the tape grass: placing the lotus leaf wrapped tape grass seedling with soil blocks in water, and making the lotus leaf wrapped tape grass seedling with soil blocks sink to the water bottom for natural growth, wherein the cultivation specification is that the plant spacing is multiplied by the row spacing is 5m multiplied by 5 m;
G. monitoring ecological indexes of a bitter herb cultivation area;
the step A comprises the following steps:
according to hydrological changes of shallow lakes in the Tongjiang river, the water level of the selected planting area is preferably 0.5-0.8 m deep in the middle of 4 months of the picrass planting time;
the step C comprises the following steps:
digging, binding and loading seedlings: selecting seedlings with high growth rate and stem length of 30-35 cm at low water level, manually lifting the seedlings in a seedling lifting mode, quickly metering, placing the seedlings into plastic baskets with length of 60cm, width of 45cm and height of 35cm, wrapping the seedlings with geotextiles, and spraying water before transportation;
the step E comprises the following steps:
the diameter of the leaf surface of the lotus leaf is preferably larger than 45cm, the lotus leaf is harvested by a reaping hook in a picking mode, the completeness of the leaf surface is ensured in the transportation process, the seedlings with soil lumps are conveniently wrapped, and the lotus leaf is tightly tied by dry straws at the emergence opening of the seedlings;
the step G comprises the following steps:
after planting, monitoring once every two weeks, wherein the monitoring indexes comprise average water depth, coverage of tape grass population in an engineering area, clone division number and ecological indexes of tape grass, and the ecological indexes comprise leaf length, leaf width, flowering rate and seed setting rate.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103210759A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-07-24 | 同济大学 | Planting method of submerged plants |
| CN105409566A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-23 | 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所 | Planting method for submerged plants |
| CN105532246A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-05-04 | 上海水生环境工程有限公司 | Water ecological restoration method by replanting submerged plants under water condition |
| CN106954440A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-07-18 | 江苏江达生态环境科技有限公司 | A kind of method of shallow lake ecological recovery submerged vegetation |
| CN108377859A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-10 | 安徽大学 | A kind of Tongjiang lake aquatic vegetation recovery cultural method |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103210759A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-07-24 | 同济大学 | Planting method of submerged plants |
| CN105409566A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-23 | 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所 | Planting method for submerged plants |
| CN105532246A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-05-04 | 上海水生环境工程有限公司 | Water ecological restoration method by replanting submerged plants under water condition |
| CN106954440A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-07-18 | 江苏江达生态环境科技有限公司 | A kind of method of shallow lake ecological recovery submerged vegetation |
| CN108377859A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-10 | 安徽大学 | A kind of Tongjiang lake aquatic vegetation recovery cultural method |
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