CN111684992A - Coastal plant community and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Coastal plant community and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111684992A CN111684992A CN202010462421.1A CN202010462421A CN111684992A CN 111684992 A CN111684992 A CN 111684992A CN 202010462421 A CN202010462421 A CN 202010462421A CN 111684992 A CN111684992 A CN 111684992A
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- 235000009165 saligot Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- MUKYLHIZBOASDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[carbamimidoyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid Chemical compound NC(=N)N(C)CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O MUKYLHIZBOASDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 241000159213 Zygophyllaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 241001521901 Tribulus lanuginosus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 241001343277 Entada Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- 241000132585 Centaurea calcitrapa Species 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000819233 Tribulus <sea snail> Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940047183 tribulus Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000296615 Celastrus strigillosus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241001533104 Tribulus terrestris Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/066—Quays
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coastal ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a construction method of a coastal plant community, which comprises the following steps: taking the position of the local average climax as a planting lower limit line and the position of a coastline as a planting upper limit line; in the planting area, an area which is 20-40% close to the lower planting limit line is used as a first planting area, an area which is 20-40% close to the upper planting limit line is used as a third planting area, and an area between the first planting area and the third planting area is used as a second planting area; planting imperata and climbing entada sequentially in the first planting area; sequentially planting tribulus terrestris and cogongrass in the second planting area; sequentially planting caltrop, cogongrass and climbing vine in the third planting area; and (5) maintaining to form a plant community. The construction method of the plant community integrates the factors such as seawater submerging frequency, time, plant characteristics and the like, and reasonable combination and configuration are carried out to form a stable coastal protection ecological chain with hierarchy and plant diversity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coastal ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a coastal plant community and a construction method of the coastal plant community.
Background
Tropical and subtropical coastal reef and coastal beach are attacked by wind and waves all the year round, the stability of matrix conditions and water retention are poor, and the tropical and subtropical coastal reef and coastal beach have extreme severe environmental characteristics such as high salt, high humidity, poor soil, multiple wind attacks and the like, so that plants are difficult to grow and form stable and durable plant communities. The method is one of the current research hotspots for constructing an ecological protection system of the coastal reef and the sandy beach as soon as possible, recovering a plant community and playing corresponding functions of wind prevention, sand fixation, bank protection and the like. When plants are planted in the coastal reef and beach environment, the plants are firstly influenced by the salt and alkali of the planting matrix of the reef and the beach and are simultaneously influenced by salt fog formed under the action of strong wind and sea wave power. The saline-alkali and instability of the matrix determine the survival and the settlement of plants, salt mist sinks on the branches and leaves of the plants to cause physiological dehydration, and the plants wither and die when being serious. Therefore, it causes vegetation to grow and survive in areas such as coastal reefs and coastal beaches.
At present, there are many measures for improving areas such as coastal reefs and coastal beaches by chemical, physical, biological and other methods. However, there is still no effective method for improving the survival rate of vegetation in regions such as coastal reefs and coastal beaches, recovering coastal vegetation, and forming a stable colony structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coastal plant community and a construction method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that the survival rate of vegetation in regions such as coastal reefs, coastal beaches and the like is low, a stable community structure is difficult to form, and the sand fixation and bank protection effects are poor.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for constructing a coastal plant community comprises the following steps:
setting the area between the lower planting limit line and the upper planting limit line as a planting area by taking the local average climax position as a lower planting limit line and taking the coastline position as an upper planting limit line;
in the planting area, an area which is 20-40% close to the lower planting limit line is used as a first planting area, an area which is 20-40% close to the upper planting limit line is used as a third planting area, and an area between the first planting area and the third planting area is used as a second planting area;
planting imperata and climbing entada sequentially in the first planting area;
sequentially planting tribulus terrestris and cogongrass in the second planting area;
sequentially planting caltrop, cogongrass and climbing vine in the third planting area;
and (5) maintaining to form a plant community.
Preferably, the step of planting the cogongrass rhizome and the climbing entada stem in sequence in the first planting area comprises the following steps:
planting the cogongrass in the first planting area in a rhizome propagation mode, and maintaining the planted cogongrass;
and planting the Yangtze river vine in a cutting propagation mode 15-20 days after the cogongrass planting day, and maintaining the planted Yangtze river vine.
Preferably, the step of planting the caltrops and the cogongrass in sequence in the second planting area comprises the following steps:
planting the caltrops in the second planting area by adopting a seed propagation mode;
and when the height of the tribulus terrestris seedling is 10-15 cm, planting the cogongrass in a rhizome propagation mode, and maintaining the planted cogongrass.
Preferably, the step of planting the caltrops, the cogongrass and the climbing vines in the third planting area in sequence comprises the following steps:
planting the caltrops in the third planting area by adopting a seed propagation mode;
planting the cogongrass in a rhizome propagation mode when the height of the tribulus terrestris seedling is 10-15 cm, and maintaining the planted cogongrass;
and planting the Yangtze river vine in a cutting propagation mode 15-20 days after the cogongrass planting day, and maintaining the planted Yangtze river vine.
Preferably, the method for planting the imperata cylindrical by adopting a rhizome propagation mode comprises the following steps: planting 3-7 imperata rhizomes into a planting hole with the depth of 20-25 cm by taking the imperata rhizomes as one strain, and backfilling planting soil of the imperata rhizomes; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the method for planting the climbing entada by adopting the cutting propagation mode comprises the following steps: and (3) after stem sections of the Yangtze river-crossing vine are obtained, cuttage is carried out in the wet Yangtze river-crossing vine planting soil.
Preferably, the step of planting the caltrops in a seed propagation mode comprises the following steps:
removing shells and fruit thorns of ripe tribulus fruits to obtain tribulus seeds;
soaking the caltrop seeds for 24 to 30 hours by using seawater with the salinity of 5 to 7 per thousand, and then broadcasting the caltrop seeds into caltrop planting soil;
when the height of the caltrop seedlings is 4-7 cm, weak seedlings and over-dense seedlings are removed;
when the height of the caltrop seedlings is 10-15 cm, 2-3 strong seedlings are reserved according to the planting distance of 30-40 cm;
preferably, the step of planting the caltrops in a seed propagation mode comprises the following steps:
removing shells and fruit thorns of ripe tribulus fruits to obtain tribulus seeds;
soaking the caltrop seeds for 24 to 30 hours by using seawater with the salinity of 5 to 7 per mill, and dibbling 5 to 8 caltrop seeds in the caltrop planting soil of the planting holes according to the spacing of the planting holes of 30 to 40 centimeters;
when the height of the puncturevine seedlings is 10-15 cm, 2-3 strong seedlings are left in each planting hole, and foliar fertilizer and auxin are applied.
Preferably, the step of maintaining the planted Imperata cylindrical comprises:
the planted cogongrass is irrigated once by seawater with the salinity of 5 per mill to 9 per mill every day within 12 days to 16 days from the planting day;
pouring seawater with salinity of 10-15 per mill once every day between 13-28 days from the planting day;
foliar fertilizer and auxin were applied 1 week after the planting day.
Preferably, the step of maintaining the planted caulis spatholobi comprises:
pouring seawater with the salinity of 3-5 per mill once in the morning and afternoon every day in the first week from the planting day of the planted caulis spatholobi;
pouring seawater with salinity of 7-9 per mill once every day between 2-3 weeks from the planting day;
foliar fertilizer and auxin were applied 1 week after the planting day.
Preferably, in the first planting area, the planting proportion of the cogongrass to the climbing vine is 1: (0.8-1.2) and the planting distance is 30-40 cm.
Preferably, in the second planting area, the planting ratio of the caltrops to the imperata is 1: (0.8-1.2) and the planting distance is 30-40 cm.
Preferably, in the elevation area, the planting proportion of the caltrops, the cogongrass and the climbing vines is 1: (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2) and the planting distance is 30-40 cm.
Preferably, the river crossing vine stem segments are selected from: a stem base segment, a stem middle segment containing 1-2 stem nodes, and a stem top segment containing 3-5 stem nodes.
Preferably, the planting soil for the cogongrass comprises the following components in percentage by mass (1-2): (1-4) sandy soil and laterite soil.
Preferably, the caltrop planting soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass (2-4): 1 sandy soil and laterite soil.
Preferably, the planting soil for the climbing entada comprises the following components in percentage by mass (1-4): 1 sandy soil and laterite soil.
Preferably, the concentration of the auxin is 120 mg/L-160 mg/L.
Preferably, the foliar feed is selected from: at least one of monopotassium phosphate, humic acid, amino acid and trace fertilizer.
Correspondingly, the coastal plant community takes the local average climax position as a planting lower limit line and takes the coastline position as a planting upper limit line, and the area between the planting lower limit line and the planting upper limit line is set as a planting area;
the planting area includes: a first planting area, a second planting area and a third planting area;
the first planting area comprises: in the area which is 20% -40% close to the lower planting limit line, the first planting area is provided with cogongrass rhizome and climbing vine;
the third planting region includes: in an area 20% -40% close to the upper planting limit line, the third planting area is provided with caltrop, cogongrass rhizome and climbing vine;
the second planting area comprises: and in the area between the first planting area and the third planting area, the second planting area is provided with caltrops and cogongrass.
The method for constructing the coastal plant community provided by the invention takes the local average climax position as a planting lower limit line and the coastline position as a planting upper limit line, and sets an area between the planting lower limit line and the planting upper limit line as a planting area. And taking an area which is 20-40% close to the planting lower limit line as a first planting area, wherein the first planting area is relatively higher in the time and frequency of seawater tidal submergence, the salinity content in the soil is relatively higher, and the requirement on the salinity tolerance capability of the plants is higher. The first planting area is sequentially planted with the imperata and the climbing entada with better salinity tolerance, the imperata is a positive plant, and the upright stem, branch and leaf of the imperata can provide a semi-negative environment for the later planted climbing entada with partial negative property, thereby being more beneficial to the survival and growth of the climbing entada. And the area which is 20 to 40 percent close to the upper planting limit line is taken as a third planting area, the salinity content in the soil of the area is low, the requirement on the salinity tolerance of the plants is low, the caltrops, the cogongrass and the climbing vines are all suitable for growing in the area, and the caltrops, the cogongrass and the climbing vines are planted in sequence, so that the survival and the growth of each plant are facilitated, the diversity of the plants is enhanced, and the multilayer and diversified plant community is constructed. And the area between the first planting area and the third planting area is used as a second planting area, the tribulus terrestris and the cogongrass which have better tolerance to soil salinity and good plant landscape are planted in the area, and the tribulus terrestris is generally bred by seeds, so that the plant community is more favorably formed by planting the tribulus terrestris firstly and then planting the cogongrass at intervals. In addition, the second planting area can provide a free spreading space for the caulis spatholobi planted in the first planting area and the second planting area in the subsequent growing process, so that the vegetation coverage rate of the second planting area can be enhanced, mutual competition between plant species is facilitated, and the utilization rate of natural resources is improved. The method for constructing the plant community comprehensively considers the factors of the submerging frequency and the submerging time of seawater tides on a planting area, the growth characteristics of plants and the like, combines and configures the planted plants according to different ecological environments of coastal elevations, regularly and sequentially plants caltrops, cogongrass, climbing vines and the like, not only can ensure that the survival rate of the plants in various planting areas is high, but also comprehensively covers the surfaces of reefs or sandy beach by creeping vines, caltrops containing upright stems and upright herbaceous plants with strong regenerability to form a layered, plant-diverse and stable plant community, thereby forming a stable coastal protection ecological chain. The method for constructing the plant community is suitable for constructing the fabric community in the zones of seashore reefs, sandy beach and the like, and has wide adaptability and high practical value.
According to the coastal plant community provided by the invention, the local average climax position is taken as a planting lower limit line, the coastline position is taken as a planting upper limit line, and an area between the planting lower limit line and the planting upper limit line is set as a planting area; the planting area includes: a first planting area, a second planting area and a third planting area; the first planting area comprises: in the area which is 20% -40% close to the lower planting limit line, the first planting area is provided with cogongrass rhizome and climbing vine; the third planting region includes: in an area 20% -40% close to the upper planting limit line, the third planting area is provided with caltrop, cogongrass rhizome and climbing vine; the second planting area comprises: and in the area between the first planting area and the third planting area, the second planting area is provided with caltrops and cogongrass. The coastal plant community provided by the invention is divided into a first planting area, a second planting area and a third planting area according to factors such as the frequency of seawater tide submergence and submergence time of the planting areas, the growth characteristics of plants and the like. According to different ecological environments of coastal elevations, various planting area plants are combined and configured, the surfaces of reefs or sandy beach are covered comprehensively through creeping river-crossing vines, tribulus terrestris containing upright stems and upright herbaceous plant cogongrass with strong regenerative power, so that a coastal plant community with hierarchy, plant diversity and stability is formed, and a stable coastal protection ecological chain is formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a coastal beach plant community provided in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a landscape view of the post-planting-survival Celastrus orbiculatus of the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a landscape of the grown-up Imperata cylindrical in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a landscape of the first planting area after the survival of Imperata cylindrical and caulis Entadae.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solution and technical effect of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive step in connection with the embodiments of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
The weight of the related components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present invention may not only refer to the specific content of each component, but also represent the proportional relationship of the weight among the components, and therefore, the content of the related components is scaled up or down within the scope disclosed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention as long as it is in accordance with the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Specifically, the weight in the description of the embodiment of the present invention may be a unit of mass known in the chemical industry field such as μ g, mg, g, kg, etc.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for constructing a coastal plant community, which comprises the following steps:
s10, setting the area between the lower planting limit line and the upper planting limit line as a planting area by taking the local average climax position as a lower planting limit line and taking the coastline position as an upper planting limit line; in the planting area, an area which is 20-40% close to the lower planting limit line is taken as a first planting area, an area which is 20-40% close to the upper planting limit line is taken as a third planting area, and an area between the first planting area and the third planting area is taken as a second planting area;
s20, sequentially planting imperata and climbing entada in a first planting area;
s30, sequentially planting the caltrops and the imperatae in the second planting area;
s40, sequentially planting the caltrops, the imperatae and the climbing vines in a third planting area;
s50, maintaining to form a plant community.
According to the construction method of the coastal plant community provided by the embodiment of the invention, the planting area is determined according to the local tidal situation, the submerging time and the submerging frequency of the plants such as the trees, the caltrops and the climbing vines to seawater and the tolerance condition of the salinity of the planting soil, the local average high tide position is taken as a planting lower limit line, the coastline position is taken as a planting upper limit line, and the area between the planting lower limit line and the planting upper limit line is set as the planting area. The area which is 20 to 40 percent close to the lower limit line of planting is taken as a first planting area, the first planting area is relatively higher in the time and frequency of seawater tidal submergence, the salinity content in the soil is relatively higher, and the requirement on the salinity tolerance capability of the plants is higher. The first planting area is sequentially planted with the imperata and the climbing entada with better salinity tolerance, the imperata is a positive plant, and the upright stem, branch and leaf of the imperata can provide a semi-negative environment for the later planted climbing entada with partial negative property, thereby being more beneficial to the survival and growth of the climbing entada. And the area which is 20 to 40 percent close to the upper planting limit line is taken as a third planting area, the salinity content in the soil of the area is low, the requirement on the salinity tolerance of the plants is low, the caltrops, the cogongrass and the climbing vines are all suitable for growing in the area, and the caltrops, the cogongrass and the climbing vines are planted in sequence, so that the survival and the growth of each plant are facilitated, the diversity of the plants is enhanced, and the multilayer and diversified plant community is constructed. The area between the first planting area and the third planting area is used as a second planting area, the tribulus terrestris and the cogongrass which have good tolerance to soil salinity and good plant landscape are planted in the area, and the tribulus terrestris is generally bred by seeds, so that the plant community is more favorably formed by planting the tribulus terrestris firstly and then planting the cogongrass at intervals. In addition, the second planting area can provide a free spreading space for the caulis spatholobi planted in the first planting area and the second planting area in the subsequent growing process, so that the vegetation coverage rate of the second planting area can be enhanced, mutual competition between plant species is facilitated, and the utilization rate of natural resources is improved. The construction method of the plant community comprehensively considers the factors of the submerging frequency and the submerging time of seawater tides on the planting area, the growth characteristics of plants and the like, combines and configures the planted plants according to different ecological environments of coastal elevations, regularly and sequentially plants the plants such as the tribulus terrestris, the cogongrass, the climbing vine and the like, not only can ensure that the survival rate of the plants in various planting areas is high, but also completely covers the surfaces of the reef or the sandy beach through the creeping climbing vine, the tribulus terrestris containing upright stems and the upright herbaceous plant cogongrass with strong regenerative power to form the plant community with hierarchy, plant diversity and stability, thereby forming the stable coastal protection ecological chain. The method for constructing the plant community is suitable for constructing the fabric community in the zones such as the coastal reef, the sandy beach and the like, and has wide adaptability and high practical value.
Specifically, the perennial grass vine of the climbing vine planted by the embodiment of the invention has woody perennial roots, multiple branches, high temperature resistance, half-shady preference and sufficient moisture preference, and is often grown in wet places such as hillsides, flat lands, beaches and the like. Tribulus terrestris is an annual herb and often grows in sandy land, wasteland, hillside and other lands. The cogongrass belongs to perennial upright herbaceous plants, has strong regeneration capacity, still survives after being buried in soil after being air-dried, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical zones and temperate zones of eastern hemisphere, and often grows in coastal sandy wastelands, floating dunes, coastal forest gaps, coastal embankments and other lands.
As shown in the following example 1, the present invention example finds that by testing the influence of the salinity and the texture of the planting soil on the survival rate of three plants, namely tribulus terrestris, cogongrass and climbing vine: under the condition that the planting soil quality (sand: soil is 1: 1) and the planting environment condition are the same, the climbing entada stem can completely survive under the condition that the salinity of the planting soil is 1-7 per mill, the survival rate is obviously reduced when the salinity is continuously increased, and the survival rate is only 66 percent when the salinity of the planting soil exceeds 9 per mill; the caltrop can completely survive under the condition that the salinity of the planting soil is 1-5 per mill, the survival rate begins to be reduced when the salinity continues to increase, and the survival rate is only 24% when the salinity of the planting soil exceeds 9 per mill; the cogongrass can completely survive under the condition that the salinity of the planting soil is 1-9 per mill, the survival rate is still higher in the range of 9-15 per mill of the salinity of the planting soil, and the survival rate is rapidly reduced to 24 percent when the salinity of the planting soil reaches 17 per mill. Therefore, according to the different tolerance capacities of the three plants to the salinity of the planting soil, the factors such as the seawater and tide submerging time and frequency of the coast are combined to carry out the subarea planting, and during planting and breeding, the tolerance capacity of the plants to the salinity of the planting soil is improved and the adaptability of the plants to the coastal environment is improved through maintenance treatment, so that the survival rate and the growth rate of the plants are improved, and the stable, plant-diverse and layered plant community is constructed.
Specifically, in step S20, cogongrass rhizome and climbing ivy are planted in the first planting area in sequence. In some embodiments, the step of planting imperata and climbing entada sequentially in the first planting area comprises:
s21, planting the cogongrass in a first planting area in a rhizome propagation mode, and maintaining the planted cogongrass;
s22, planting the Yangtze river vine in a cutting propagation mode 15-20 days after the planting day of the imperata cylindrical, and maintaining the planted Yangtze river vine.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first planting area is planted with the imperata cylindrica in a rhizome propagation mode, the planted imperata cylindrica is maintained, the stem and the leaf of the imperata cylindrica are planted in a cutting propagation mode after 15-20 days from the planting day of the imperata cylindrica, and at the moment, the branches and the leaves of the upright stem of the imperata cylindrica just can provide partial shade for the stem of the imperata cylindrica, so that the survival and the growth of the stem of the.
In some embodiments, in the first planting area, the cogongrass rhizome and the caulis spatholobi are alternately planted at intervals, the row-to-row crossing and the plant-to-plant crossing can be carried out, and the planting ratio of the cogongrass rhizome to the caulis spatholobi is 1: (0.8-1.2), the planting distance is 30-40 cm, the planting arrangement is favorable for constructing a crossed plant community of the cogongrass and the climbing vines, and is also favorable for the growth of each plant, if the planting is too dense, the plants are extruded mutually due to the growth, and the phenomenon of fighting against sunlight, rain and dew mutually is caused, so that the growth and development of the plants are not facilitated. If the plants are too sparse, the vegetation coverage rate is low, which is not favorable for vegetation to form a complete plant community on the coast.
Specifically, in step S30, the puncturevine caltrop fruit and the cogongrass are planted in the second planting area in sequence. In some embodiments, the step of sequentially planting Tribulus terrestris and Imperata cylindrica in the second planting area comprises:
s31, planting the caltrops in a second planting area in a seed propagation mode;
s32, planting the imperata in a rhizome propagation mode when the height of the tribulus terrestris seedling is 10-15 cm, and maintaining the planted imperata.
In the embodiment of the invention, because the caltrops generally adopt a seed propagation mode at present, after the caltrops are planted in the second planting area firstly, the imperata is planted among caltrop plants after the caltrops grow to a stable period of 10-15 cm, and a stable plant community of the caltrops and the imperata is formed.
In some embodiments, in the second planting area, the caltrop and the cogongrass are alternately planted at intervals, and can be mixed crossing between rows or mixed crossing between plants, and the planting ratio of the caltrop to the cogongrass is 1: (0.8-1.2), the planting distance is 30-40 cm, the planting arrangement is favorable for constructing a crossed plant community of caltrops and imperatas and the growth of each plant, and if the planting is too dense, the plants are extruded mutually and compete for sunlight, rain and dew mutually due to the growth, and the growth and development of the plants are not facilitated. If the plants are too sparse, the vegetation coverage rate is low, which is not favorable for vegetation to form a complete plant community on the coast.
Specifically, in step S40, the tribulus terrestris, the cogongrass rhizome and the climbing vine are planted in the third planting area in sequence. In some embodiments, the step of planting the tribulus terrestris, the cogongrass rhizome and the climbing vine in the third planting area sequentially comprises the following steps:
s41, planting the caltrops in a third planting area by adopting a seed propagation mode;
s42, planting the cogongrass in a rhizome propagation mode when the height of the tribulus terrestris seedling is 10-15 cm, and maintaining the planted cogongrass;
s43, planting the Yangtze river vine in a cutting propagation mode 15-20 days after the planting day of the imperata cylindrical, and maintaining the planted Yangtze river vine.
According to the growth characteristics of the tribulus, the climbing vine and the cogongrass, after the tribulus is planted in the third planting area in a seed propagation mode firstly, when the height of a tribulus seedling is 10-15 cm, the cogongrass is planted in a rhizome propagation mode, and after 15-20 days from the planting day of the cogongrass, the climbing vine is planted in a cutting propagation mode. Is beneficial to the survival and growth of each plant and forms plant communities with different levels.
In some embodiments, in the elevation area, the caltrop, the cogongrass and the climbing vine are alternately planted at intervals, the mixed crossing between rows can be carried out, the mixed crossing between plants can also be carried out, and the planting ratio of the caltrop, the cogongrass and the climbing vine is 1: (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2), the planting distance is 30-40 cm, the planting arrangement is favorable for constructing multilayer plant communities of caltrops, imperatoriums and climbing vines, and is favorable for the growth of each plant, if the planting is too dense, the plants are extruded mutually due to growth, and the plants compete for sunlight, rain and dew, so that the growth and development of the plants are not facilitated. If the plants are too sparse, the vegetation coverage rate is low, which is not favorable for vegetation to form a complete plant community on the coast.
In some embodiments, the method for planting the imperata is a rhizome propagation method due to the strong regeneration capacity of the imperata rhizome, and comprises the following steps: digging up the rhizome of the continuous cogongrass, taking 3-7 cogongrass with the rhizome as one strain, re-planting the rhizome of the cogongrass into a planting hole with the depth of 20-25 cm, and backfilling planting soil of the cogongrass to complete the planting of the cogongrass. The surviving Imperata cylindrica is shown in figure 3.
In some embodiments, the planting soil for the cogongrass comprises the following components in percentage by mass (1-2): and (1) sandy soil and red loam, wherein the sandy soil provides air permeability for the growth of the rhizomes of the imperata cylindrical, the red loam is beneficial to fixing the root systems of the imperata cylindrical, the sea wind resistance of the imperata cylindrical during planting is improved, the mixed soil with the mass ratio enables the rhizomes of the imperata cylindrical to have the optimal growth and fixing effects, and the survival rate and the growth rate of the imperata cylindrical are improved.
In some embodiments, the step of maintaining the planted Imperata cylindrical comprises:
s01, pouring the planted imperata in seawater with salinity of 5-9 per mill once every day within 12-16 days from the planting day;
s02, pouring seawater with salinity of 10-15 per mill once every day between 13-28 days from the planting day;
s03, applying a foliar fertilizer and a plant growth hormone after 1 week from the planting day;
s04, checking whether the soil at the root of the imperata is washed away by seawater every week from the planting day, and supplementing in time to prevent the root from being exposed if the soil is washed away.
In the embodiment of the invention, the planted cogongrass is irrigated once with seawater with the salinity of 5-9 per mill every day within 12-16 days from the planting day, and irrigated once with seawater with the salinity of 10-15 per mill every day between 13-28 days, and a better and more stable salinity tolerance mechanism of the cogongrass is established by irrigating the seawater with gradually increasing salinity, thereby being beneficial to improving the adaptability of subsequent seedlings to the environment and improving the survival capability. And after 1 week from the planting day, applying a foliar fertilizer and a auxin to promote the growth of the plant branches, leaves and rhizomes. Meanwhile, from the planting day, whether the soil at the root of the cogongrass is washed away by the seawater is checked every week, if the soil is washed away, the root is timely supplemented to be prevented from being exposed, the ecological environment of the cogongrass is ensured to be stable during the planting period, and the survival rate of the cogongrass is improved.
In some embodiments, the auxin concentration is 120mg/L to 160 mg/L. In some embodiments, the foliar feed is selected from: at least one of monopotassium phosphate, humic acid, amino acid and trace fertilizer. The auxin and the foliar fertilizer adopted by the embodiment of the invention have better promotion effect on the growth of the cogongrass.
In some embodiments, the step of planting the climbing entada stem by cutting propagation comprises: and (3) after stem sections of the Yangtze river-crossing vine are obtained, cuttage is carried out in the wet Yangtze river-crossing vine planting soil. According to the embodiment of the invention, any one of the stem base section of the climbing vine, the stem middle section containing 1-2 stem nodes and the stem top section containing 3-5 stem nodes can be adopted for cutting propagation in the climbing vine soil with good water retention and air permeability, so that the propagation speed is high and the survival rate is high. The surviving caulis Entadae is shown in figure 2.
In some embodiments, the planting soil for the climbing entada comprises the following components in percentage by mass (1-4): 1, the planting soil of the mass ratio not only can provide better air permeability for the growth of the Yangtze river vine, but also the red soil has better water retention capacity, provides a growth environment with both air permeability and water retention for the Yangtze river vine, and is favorable for the survival and growth of the Yangtze river vine.
In some embodiments, the step of maintaining the planted climbing entada comprises:
s05, pouring seawater with the salinity of 3-5 per mill once in the morning and afternoon every day in the first week from the planting day of the planted caulis spatholobi;
s06, pouring seawater with salinity of 7-9 per mill once every day between 2-3 weeks from the planting day;
s07, applying a foliar fertilizer and a plant growth hormone after 1 week from the planting day;
and S08, checking whether the soil at the root of the Jiangteng is washed away by seawater every week from the planting day, and supplementing in time to prevent the root from being exposed if the soil is washed away.
In the embodiment of the invention, the planted caulis spatholobi is drenched with seawater with the salinity of 3-5 per thousand each day in the morning and afternoon within the first week from the planting day, and is drenched with seawater with the salinity of 7-9 per thousand each day between the 2 nd week and the 3 rd week from the planting day, and the tolerance of the caulis spatholobi to the salinity of the planting soil is enhanced by the drenching seawater with the salinity gradually increased, thereby being beneficial to improving the adaptability of the follow-up seedlings to the environment and improving the survival capability. And after 1 week from the planting day, applying a foliar fertilizer and a auxin to promote the growth of the plant branches, leaves and rhizomes. Meanwhile, from the planting day, whether the soil at the root of the river vine is washed away by seawater is checked every week, if the soil is washed away, the root is supplemented in time to be prevented from being exposed, the ecological environment of the river vine is ensured to be stable during the planting period, and the survival rate of the cogongrass is improved.
In some embodiments, the auxin concentration is 120mg/L to 160 mg/L. In some embodiments, the foliar feed is selected from: at least one of monopotassium phosphate, humic acid, amino acid and trace fertilizer. The auxin and the foliar fertilizer adopted by the embodiment of the invention have better promotion effect on the growth of the caulis spatholobi.
In some embodiments, the step of planting tribulus terrestris by seed propagation comprises:
s09, removing shells and fruit thorns of ripe tribulus fruits to obtain tribulus seed;
s010, soaking the caltrop seeds for 24 to 30 hours by using seawater with the salinity of 5 to 7 per mill, and then broadcasting the seeds into caltrop planting soil;
s011, when the height of the tribulus terrestris seedlings is 4-7 cm, removing weak seedlings and over-dense seedlings;
s012, when the height of the tribulus terrestris seedling is 10-15 cm, 2-3 strong seedlings are reserved according to the planting distance of 30-40 cm.
When the embodiment of the invention adopts a seed propagation mode to plant the caltrops, firstly shells and fruit thorns of ripe caltrop fruits are removed, the germination rate and the germination efficiency of the caltrop seeds are improved, the caltrop seeds are obtained, then the caltrop seeds are soaked for 24 to 30 hours by seawater with the salinity of 5 to 7 permillage, a tolerance mechanism of the caltrop seeds to the salinity is established, then the caltrop seeds are sowed in the caltrop planting soil in a broadcasting mode and are irrigated periodically, when the caltrop seedlings are 4 to 7 centimeters high, weak seedlings and over-dense seedlings are removed, and a better ecological environment is provided for the growth of the caltrop seedlings; when the height of the caltrop seedlings is 10-15 cm, 2-3 strong seedlings are reserved according to the planting distance of 30-40 cm, and regular caltrop planting distribution is formed in a planting area.
In other embodiments, the step of planting tribulus terrestris by seed propagation comprises:
s013, removing shells and fruit thorns of ripe tribulus fruits to obtain tribulus seed;
s014, soaking the tribulus terrestris seeds for 24-30 hours by using seawater with the salinity of 5-7 per mill, and dibbling 5-8 tribulus terrestris seeds in the tribulus terrestris planting soil of the planting holes according to the spacing of the planting holes of 30-40 centimeters;
s015, when the height of the Tribulus terrestris seedlings is 10-15 cm, 2-3 strong seedlings are reserved in each planting hole, and foliar fertilizer and auxin are applied.
When the embodiment of the invention adopts a seed propagation mode to plant the caltrops, shells and fruit spines of ripe caltrop fruits are removed, the germination rate and the germination efficiency of the caltrop seeds are improved, after the caltrop seeds are obtained, the caltrop seeds are soaked for 24 to 30 hours by seawater with the salinity of 5 to 7 permillage, a tolerance mechanism of the caltrop seeds to the salinity is established, then the caltrop seeds are sowed in the caltrop planting soil of a planting hole according to the spacing of the planting holes of 30 to 40 centimeters and are irrigated periodically, when the caltrop seedlings are 10 to 15 centimeters high, 2 to 3 strong seedlings are left in each planting hole, weak seedlings are removed, and foliar fertilizer and auxin are applied to form regular caltrop planting distribution in a planting area.
In some embodiments, the tribulus terrestris planting soil comprises the following components in a mass ratio of (2-4): 1, the planting soil of the mass ratio can provide better air permeability for the germination of the tribulus terrestris seeds, and the red soil has better water retention capacity, provides a growth environment with both air permeability and water retention for the growth of the tribulus terrestris seeds, and is favorable for the germination and growth of the tribulus terrestris seeds.
In some embodiments, the auxin concentration is 120mg/L to 160 mg/L. In some embodiments, the foliar feed is selected from: at least one of monopotassium phosphate, humic acid, amino acid and trace fertilizer. The auxin and the foliar fertilizer adopted by the embodiment of the invention have better promotion effect on the growth of caltrops.
The construction method of the coastal plant community provided by the embodiment of the invention has the best implementation effect in 5-9 months per year. When the coastal reef land is taken as a planting area, a planting hole needs to be dug first, and then the plants are planted.
Correspondingly, the coastal plant community takes the local average climax position as a planting lower limit line and takes the coastline position as a planting upper limit line, and the area between the planting lower limit line and the planting upper limit line is set as a planting area;
the planting area includes: a first planting area, a second planting area and a third planting area;
the first planting area includes: a first planting area is provided with cogongrass rhizome and climbing vine near an area 20% -40% of a lower planting limit line;
the third planting area comprises: in the area 20% -40% close to the upper planting limit line, the third planting area is provided with caltrop, cogongrass and climbing vine;
the second planting area includes: and in the area between the first planting area and the third planting area, the second planting area is provided with caltrops and cogongrass.
According to the coastal plant community provided by the embodiment of the invention, the local average climax position is taken as a planting lower limit line, the coastline position is taken as a planting upper limit line, and an area between the planting lower limit line and the planting upper limit line is set as a planting area; the planting area includes: a first planting area, a second planting area and a third planting area; the first planting area includes: a first planting area is provided with cogongrass rhizome and climbing vine near an area 20% -40% of a lower planting limit line; the third planting area comprises: in the area 20% -40% close to the upper planting limit line, the third planting area is provided with caltrop, cogongrass and climbing vine; the second planting area includes: and in the area between the first planting area and the third planting area, the second planting area is provided with caltrops and cogongrass. The coastal plant community provided by the embodiment of the invention is divided into a first planting area, a second planting area and a third planting area according to factors such as the frequency of seawater tidal submergence and submerging time of the planting areas, the growth characteristics of plants and the like. According to different ecological environments of coastal elevations, various planting area plants are combined and configured, the surfaces of reefs or sandy beach are covered comprehensively through creeping river-crossing vines, tribulus terrestris containing upright stems and upright herbaceous plant cogongrass with strong regenerative power, so that a coastal plant community with hierarchy, plant diversity and stability is formed, and a stable coastal protection ecological chain is formed.
In order to make the above implementation details and operations of the present invention clearly understood by those skilled in the art and to make the progress of the method for constructing coastal plant communities according to the embodiments of the present invention obviously manifest, the above technical solutions are exemplified by a plurality of embodiments.
Example 1
The tolerance of three plants, namely caltrop, cogongrass and climbing vine, to salinity in the planting soil is explored.
Under the same planting environment condition and the same planting soil quality (sand: soil is 1: 1), respectively planting tribulus terrestris, cogongrass rhizome and climbing vine, then respectively irrigating the plants with seawater with different salinity, observing the survival condition of each plant after 30 days of planting, wherein the specific parameters and the test results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
The test results show that the climbing entada stem can completely survive under the condition that the salinity of the planting soil is 1-7 per mill, the survival rate is obviously reduced when the salinity is continuously increased, and the survival rate is only 66% when the salinity of the planting soil exceeds 9 per mill; the caltrop can completely survive under the condition that the salinity of the planting soil is 1-5 per mill, the survival rate begins to be reduced when the salinity continues to increase, and the survival rate is only 24% when the salinity of the planting soil exceeds 9 per mill; the cogongrass can completely survive under the condition that the salinity of the planting soil is 1-9 per mill, the survival rate is still higher in the range of 9-15 per mill of the salinity of the planting soil, and the survival rate is rapidly reduced to 24 percent when the salinity of the planting soil reaches 17 per mill.
Example 2
The influence of the soil quality of the planting soil on the survival rate of the three plants, namely the caltrop, the imperata cylindrica and the climbing vine, is explored.
Under the same planting environment condition and the same planting soil salinity (5 per thousand), respectively planting the caltrops, the cogongrass and the climbing vines, taking the proportion of sandy soil and red loam in the planting soil as a variable, observing the survival condition of each plant after 50 days of planting, wherein the specific parameters and the test results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
According to the test results, the river vine of the embodiment of the invention is prepared from the following components: the mass ratio of the red soil is (1-4): 1, the survival rate in the soil is high; the caltrop is in sand: the mass ratio of the red soil is (2-4): 1, the survival rate in the soil is high; cogongrass in sand: the mass ratio of the red soil is (1-2): (1-4) high survival rate in soil.
Example 3
As shown in the attached figure 1, a method for constructing a plant community of a coastal beach comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the elevation and range of a beach of a planting field, inquiring a tide table of a national ocean administration, finding a tide table of an ocean monitoring station closest to the local, calculating the local average high tide level value, measuring the elevation of the average high tide level on site, taking the elevation as a lower limit line of a lowest planting range, then ascending towards the coast, and determining an upper limit line of the coast according to the height of the coast. The slope gradually and slowly rises from the lower limit line to the upper limit line, and the field is leveled.
Secondly, planting the imperata cylindrica and the stem of the Yangtze river in the first planting area (area D) which is one third of the area of the planting area, wherein the plant spacing and the row spacing are both 0.3 m multiplied by 0.3 m, planting the imperata cylindrica in a rhizome propagation mode, enabling the imperata cylindrica to survive after 15 days, enabling the upright stem to just shade the part of the stem of the Yangtze river, and planting the stem of the Yangtze river, wherein the planting ratio of the imperata cylindrica to the stem of the Yangtze river is 1: 1.
Thirdly, the second planting area (M area) is one third of the area of the planting area, after the caltrop is planted by adopting a seed propagation mode, the hole distance is 35 cm, 5 seeds in each hole are planted, when the height of each seedling is 4-7 cm, weak seedlings and over-dense seedlings are pulled off, 2 strong seedlings are reserved in each hole, when the height is about 10 cm, the cogongrass is planted by adopting a rhizome propagation mode, the row distance of the cogongrass is 0.3M multiplied by 0.3M, and the planting proportion of the caltrop to the cogongrass is 1: 1.
fourthly, the third planting area (G area) is one third of the area of the planting area, after the caltrops are planted by adopting a seed propagation mode, the hole distance is 35 cm, 5 seeds are placed in each hole, when the height of each seedling is 4-7 cm, weak seedlings and over-dense seedlings are pulled out, 2 strong seedlings are reserved in each hole, when the height is about 10 cm, the imperata is planted by adopting a rhizome propagation mode, and after the imperata survives for 10 days, the climbing vine is planted by adopting a cutting propagation mode. The plant spacing and the row spacing of the three plants are 0.3 m multiplied by 0.3 m, and the three plants are arranged into a tribulus terrestris row, a imperata rhizome row and a caulis piperis longi row, and the three plants are sequentially repeated in the same way.
Wherein, the planted cogongrass is watered once by seawater with the salinity of 5 per mill to 9 per mill every day within 15 days from the planting day; pouring seawater with salinity of 10-15 per mill once every day between 15 days and 30 days from the planting day; applying foliar fertilizer and auxin after 1 week from the planting day; checking whether the soil at the root of the imperata is washed away by seawater every week from the planting day, and supplementing in time to prevent the root from being exposed if the soil is washed away.
Pouring seawater with the salinity of 3-5 per mill once in the morning and afternoon every day in the first week from the planting day of the planted caulis spatholobi; pouring seawater with salinity of 7-9 per mill once every day between 2-3 weeks from the planting day; applying foliar fertilizer and auxin after 1 week from the planting day; and (4) checking whether the soil at the root of the Jiangteng is washed away by the seawater every week within 4 weeks from the planting day, and supplementing and preventing the root from being exposed in time if the soil is washed away.
And three months later, the coastal sandy beach is regreened, and a plant community of Yangtze river vine, cogongrass and caltrop is presented.
Example 4
A method for constructing a plant community in a coastal reef area comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the elevation and range of a reef planting area, inquiring a tide table of a national ocean administration, finding a tide table of an ocean monitoring station closest to the local, calculating the local average high tide level value, measuring the elevation of the average high tide level on site, taking the elevation as a lower limit line of a lowest planting range, then ascending towards the coast, and determining an upper limit line of the coast. Gradually and slowly rising from a lower limit line to an upper limit line, paying off to determine the planting row spacing and the plant spacing position, digging planting holes with the size of 15 cm multiplied by 20 cm on the concave surface of the reef by a hard tool, putting sandy soil (the ratio of sand to red soil is 2: 1), dibbling or planting nursery stocks, applying 50-100 g of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer to each hole, covering the fertilizer by the sandy soil, and compacting by the sandy soil.
Secondly, determining the planting positions of each plant according to the row spacing of 0.4 meter and the plant spacing of 0.5 meter, firstly planting the seeds of the tribulus terrestris in a dibble mode, planting the seeds of the tribulus terrestris in a dibble mode according to the rule of the 1 st, 4 th, 7 th and 10 th 10 … th rows, planting 5 seeds in each hole, pulling out weak seedlings and over-dense seedlings when the height of each seedling is 4-7 cm, and keeping 2 strong seedlings in each hole. Planting the cogongrass on the basis of the rule of the lines 2, 5, 8 and 11 … when the caltrops are about 10 cm high, and planting the climbing vines on the basis of the rule of the lines 3, 6, 9 and 12 … after the cogongrass survives and grows for 15 days.
Wherein, the planted cogongrass is watered once by seawater with the salinity of 5 per mill to 9 per mill every day within 15 days from the planting day; pouring seawater with salinity of 10-15 per mill once every day between 15 days and 30 days from the planting day; applying foliar fertilizer and auxin after 1 week from the planting day; checking whether the soil at the root of the imperata is washed away by seawater every week from the planting day, and supplementing in time to prevent the root from being exposed if the soil is washed away.
Pouring seawater with the salinity of 3-5 per mill once in the morning and afternoon every day in the first week from the planting day of the planted caulis spatholobi; pouring seawater with salinity of 7-9 per mill once every day between 2-3 weeks from the planting day; applying foliar fertilizer and auxin after 1 week from the planting day; and (4) checking whether the soil at the root of the Jiangteng is washed away by the seawater every week within 4 weeks from the planting day, and supplementing and preventing the root from being exposed in time if the soil is washed away.
After five months, plant communities and coastal green landscapes are formed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for constructing a coastal plant community is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting the area between the lower planting limit line and the upper planting limit line as a planting area by taking the local average climax position as a lower planting limit line and taking the coastline position as an upper planting limit line; in the planting area, an area which is 20-40% close to the lower planting limit line is used as a first planting area, an area which is 20-40% close to the upper planting limit line is used as a third planting area, and an area between the first planting area and the third planting area is used as a second planting area;
planting imperata and climbing entada sequentially in the first planting area;
sequentially planting tribulus terrestris and cogongrass in the second planting area;
sequentially planting caltrop, cogongrass and climbing vine in the third planting area;
and (5) maintaining to form a plant community.
2. A method of constructing a coastal plant community as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of planting Imperata cylindrical and Celastrus orbiculatus in succession in said first planting area comprises:
planting the cogongrass in the first planting area in a rhizome propagation mode, and maintaining the planted cogongrass;
and planting the Yangtze river vine in a cutting propagation mode 15-20 days after the cogongrass planting day, and maintaining the planted Yangtze river vine.
3. A method of constructing a coastal plant community as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of planting Tribulus terrestris and Imperata cylindrica in sequence in said second planting area comprises:
planting the caltrops in the second planting area by adopting a seed propagation mode;
and when the height of the tribulus terrestris seedling is 10-15 cm, planting the cogongrass in a rhizome propagation mode, and maintaining the planted cogongrass.
4. A method of establishing a coastal plant community as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of planting Tribulus terrestris, Imperata cylindrica and Celastrus orbiculatus in sequence in said third planting area comprises:
planting the caltrops in the third planting area by adopting a seed propagation mode;
planting the cogongrass in a rhizome propagation mode when the height of the tribulus terrestris seedling is 10-15 cm, and maintaining the planted cogongrass;
and planting the Yangtze river vine in a cutting propagation mode 15-20 days after the cogongrass planting day, and maintaining the planted Yangtze river vine.
5. A method of constructing a coastal plant community as defined in any of claims 2 to 4, wherein said method of planting Imperata cylindrical by rhizome propagation comprises: planting 3-7 imperata rhizomes into a planting hole with the depth of 20-25 cm by taking the imperata rhizomes as one strain, and backfilling planting soil of the imperata rhizomes; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the method for planting the climbing entada by adopting the cutting propagation mode comprises the following steps: after stem sections of the Yangtze river vine are obtained, cuttage is carried out in the wet Yangtze river vine planting soil; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the method for planting the caltrops in the seed propagation mode comprises the following steps:
removing shells and fruit thorns of ripe tribulus fruits to obtain tribulus seeds;
soaking the caltrop seeds for 24 to 30 hours by using seawater with the salinity of 5 to 7 per thousand, and then broadcasting the caltrop seeds into caltrop planting soil;
when the height of the caltrop seedlings is 4-7 cm, weak seedlings and over-dense seedlings are removed;
when the height of the caltrop seedlings is 10-15 cm, 2-3 strong seedlings are reserved according to the planting distance of 30-40 cm;
or,
removing shells and fruit thorns of ripe tribulus fruits to obtain tribulus seeds;
soaking the caltrop seeds for 24 to 30 hours by using seawater with the salinity of 5 to 7 per mill, and dibbling 5 to 8 caltrop seeds in the caltrop planting soil of the planting holes according to the spacing of the planting holes of 30 to 40 centimeters;
when the height of the puncturevine seedlings is 10-15 cm, 2-3 strong seedlings are left in each planting hole, and foliar fertilizer and auxin are applied.
6. A method of establishing a coastal plant community as defined in claim 5, wherein the step of maintaining the cultivated Festuca arundinacea comprises:
the planted cogongrass is irrigated once by seawater with the salinity of 5 per mill to 9 per mill every day within 12 days to 16 days from the planting day;
pouring seawater with salinity of 10-15 per mill once every day between 13-28 days from the planting day;
foliar fertilizer and auxin were applied 1 week after the planting day.
7. A method of establishing a coastal plant community as defined in claim 6, wherein the step of maintaining the planted Celastrus orbiculatus comprises:
pouring seawater with the salinity of 3-5 per mill once in the morning and afternoon every day in the first week from the planting day of the planted caulis spatholobi;
pouring seawater with salinity of 7-9 per mill once every day between 2-3 weeks from the planting day;
foliar fertilizer and auxin were applied 1 week after the planting day.
8. A method of constructing a coastal plant community as defined in claim 7, wherein in said first planting area, the planting ratio of Imperata cylindrical to Celastrus orbiculatus is 1: (0.8-1.2), and the planting distance is 30-40 cm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the second planting area, the planting proportion of the caltrops to the imperata is 1: (0.8-1.2), and the planting distance is 30-40 cm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the third planting area, the planting proportion of the caltrops, the cogongrass and the climbing vines is 1: (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2) and the planting distance is 30-40 cm.
9. A method of constructing a coastal plant community as defined in claim 8, wherein said vine segments are selected from the group consisting of: one of a stem base segment, a stem middle segment containing 1 to 2 stem nodes, and a stem top segment containing 3 to 5 stem nodes; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the cogongrass planting soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass (1-2): (1-4) sandy soil and laterite soil; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the caltrop planting soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass (2-4): 1 sandy and laterite; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the planting soil for the climbing vines comprises the following components in percentage by mass (1-4): 1 sandy and laterite; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the concentration of the auxin is 120 mg/L-160 mg/L; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the foliar fertilizer is selected from: at least one of monopotassium phosphate, humic acid, amino acid and trace fertilizer.
10. A coastal plant community, characterized in that the coastal plant community takes a local average climax position as a planting lower limit line and a coastline position as a planting upper limit line, and an area between the planting lower limit line and the planting upper limit line is set as a planting area;
the planting area includes: a first planting area, a second planting area and a third planting area;
the first planting area comprises: in the area which is 20% -40% close to the lower planting limit line, the first planting area is provided with cogongrass rhizome and climbing vine;
the third planting region includes: in an area 20% -40% close to the upper planting limit line, the third planting area is provided with caltrop, cogongrass rhizome and climbing vine;
the second planting area comprises: and in the area between the first planting area and the third planting area, the second planting area is provided with caltrops and cogongrass.
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