CN113854053B

CN113854053B - Planting method for suaeda salsa vegetation seeds at estuary tidal flat

Info

Publication number: CN113854053B
Application number: CN202111312312.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张明亮; 弓耘; 康亚茹
Original assignee: Dalian Ocean University
Current assignee: Dalian Ocean University
Priority date: 2021-11-08
Filing date: 2021-11-08
Publication date: 2022-09-06
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-08
Also published as: CN113854053A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of vegetation restoration, in particular to a planting method of suaeda salsa vegetation seeds at estuary. The tidal flat shallow turning mode improves the earth surface micro-habitat, improves the beach soil ventilation structure and improves the seed collection capture rate; in the technology of transplanting the seedlings of the plants after autumn, a community growth space between plants and seeds is created by transplanting mature plants with seeds, and the like, so that the field planting of suaeda salsa vegetation is promoted; the seed vernalization technology adopts the winter field seed ice-sealing treatment, reduces the seed germination time, accelerates the growth and field planting of the saline marsh plants; the seed interception technology intercepts marine seeds in an intertidal zone area by scientifically designing a grid fence placing mode, and guides suaeda glauca seeds to land and fix.

Description

Planting method for suaeda salsa vegetation seeds at estuary tidal flat

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of vegetation restoration, in particular to a planting method for suaeda glauca vegetation seeds at estuary tidal flat.

Background

The estuary wetland is a special space area located in a sea-land intersection zone, is one of the most important ecological systems on the earth, has a complex ecological structure and obvious ecological functions, plays an important role in conserving water sources, purifying pollutants, improving local microclimate, maintaining balance of estuary ecological systems and the like, and provides living environment for millions of wild poultry. As an important component of the wetland rich habitat, wetland vegetation plays a crucial role in the stability and sustainable development of wetland structures, and particularly in estuary tidal flat wetlands, the growth state and distribution characteristics of the vegetation directly influence the health state of the wetland geographical environment and the service function level of various marine ecological communities.

The vegetation distribution condition of the estuary tidal flat wetland is a basic element forming a landscape pattern, and directly reflects the change condition of the wetland for long-term sustainable development and utilization. Due to natural differences of weather conditions, hydrological conditions and the like, the vegetation of the wetland is suitable for the local conditions, and in the estuary wetland in the north of China, the vegetation type mainly comprises suaeda salsa communities. Wherein, the germination and growth conditions of the vegetation seeds play an important role in the hierarchical structure and the abundance degree of the vegetation community. The condition of the seed germination degree not only influences the vegetation planting and growth, but also directly relates to the dynamic change of a subsequent biological community. At present, the method for sprouting and planting Suaeda salsa vegetation seeds in the tidal flat wetland of the northern estuary in China mainly comprises two modes, namely a natural growth mode and a seeding and seedling raising mode. The natural growth mode is that seeds are germinated and grown according to a natural law in a natural process, and has the advantages of saving manpower, material resources and financial resources, enabling vegetation and surrounding ecological communities to be interdependent and mutually complementary, and enabling ecological environments to be coordinated and consistent, but the method is long in time and slow in effect. The sowing and seedling raising mode is a mode with higher use rate and the widest application range in China at present, taking a tidal flat wetland at the mouth of Liaoning river in northern China as an example, in order to ensure the germination rate when the suaeda salsa is planted in the tidal flat, the seeds of the suaeda salsa in the tidal flat are collected and screened, and the grass seed replanting work is carried out according to the scientific standard. However, the method for planting suaeda salsa on tidal flat saline land based on natural mode or semi-natural mode and the vegetation planting technology are seldom related.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a planting method for suaeda salsa vegetation seeds at estuary.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a planting method for suaeda salsa vegetation seeds at estuary comprises the following steps:

s1, screening seeds, namely selecting original suaeda salsa seeds of a tidal flat in the area, and selecting seeds with uniform grain weight, full grains, no impurity grains, broken grains and blighted grains, wherein the thousand grain weight is 2-4 g;

s2, soil shallow turning, namely performing shallow turning treatment on the soil in the tidal flat area, wherein the turning depth is 5-10 cm, and flattening the soil by using a machine after turning to keep the soil free of blocks and flat;

s3, constructing an ecological community, namely transplanting a mature suaeda salsa plant with seeds on one side close to the bank in 11 months, and constructing a natural growth space of the suaeda salsa vegetation community so as to obtain an ecological circle formed by vegetation field planting and serving as a transplanting area;

s4, vernalization planting of seeds, namely, manually scattering suaeda salsa seeds screened in the step S1 on a shallow tidal flat on the sea side of the transplanting area in the step S3 in the 12-1 month period, then spraying the seeds by using seawater or fresh water to freeze the seeds on the tidal flat in a water body, and inducing the suaeda salsa seeds to feel low temperature in advance in the germination period so as to vernalize the seeds and serve as an artificial planting area;

s5, artificial seed retaining, namely arranging a series of artificial purse nets on the tidal flat at the side close to the sea of the artificial planting area in the S4 according to landscape patterns, retaining the suaeda salsa seeds floating in the water, and removing the artificial purse nets after the suaeda salsa sprouts and grows.

Preferably, the transplanting method of the suaeda glauca plant in the S3 comprises the following steps: in the late autumn period, the developed plants of Suaeda salsa with strong plants and developed root systems are dug out with roots and transplanted to a degenerated tidal flat beach area, the transplanting distance is 0.4-0.6 m, and the density of the plants per square meter in the transplanting area is 8-10.

Preferably, in S4, the suaeda glauca seeds have a spreading density of 5-5.5 kg/mu.

Preferably, in S5, the artificial purse net is inserted downwards into the intertidal zone and is placed in the regularly submerged and exposed area of the wetland during the sea water fluctuation tide.

The method comprises the following steps of selecting suaeda salsa seeds, wherein the suaeda salsa seeds are selected, selection of terrestrial suaeda salsa seeds is avoided as much as possible, the native tidal flat suaeda salsa seeds in the region are preferentially selected, the native tidal flat seeds have high stress resistance to seawater and soil salinity, and the method is suitable for the water-salt environment on the tidal flat; the seeds need to remove plant stems and other impurities, the appearance of the seeds needs bright color and full seeds, and the black proportion of the wrapped pericarp is not less than 85%; in addition, a germination test should be performed in advance before sowing, and the germination rate of the seeds is more than 90%.

Shallow turning is carried out on the soil in the tidal flat and light beach area, so that the soil looseness and porosity are increased, the interception amount of suaeda salsa seeds, the germination rate of the seeds and the survival rate of seedlings are improved, and the recovery of suaeda salsa vegetation in the tidal flat and wet land is achieved.

The transplanting area is mainly characterized in that a vegetation ecosphere is spontaneously formed in a tidal flat bare area by utilizing the interdependence relation between plants and seeds, and the mature plants with the seeds are transplanted to achieve the high-efficiency field planting of the vegetation seeds and achieve the purpose of improving the ecological environment of the tidal flat wetland.

The natural vernalization process of seed of planting winter, in winter (12 months), big tide has can't reach the tidal flat region, carry out suaeda salsa seeding, evenly spill the seed on the tidal flat, evenly spray water in the tidal flat area of scattering through sprinkler afterwards, make the water freeze the seed on the tidal flat, thereby the purpose is induced suaeda salsa seed and just can experience low temperature in advance in the germination phase vernalization, thereby the seed through vernalization is with the earlier adaptation environment of high water content, absorb oxygen in the soil, moisture, thereby element such as nutrient takes root in advance and sprouts, shorten its fertility time.

The method comprises the following steps of constructing a series of artificial grid fences on a tidal flat and constructing a landscape fence, wherein the purpose of the artificial grid fences is mainly to intercept suaeda salsa seeds floating in seawater, so that the suaeda salsa seeds are quickly detained around the artificial fences of the tidal flat, and the storage condition of the seeds is improved; and secondly, protection is enhanced, impact of tide on vegetation seedlings is reduced, the influence of rising and falling tide is resisted, better growth and development conditions are provided for seeds, and the purpose of vegetation planting and tidal flat maintenance is achieved.

Has the advantages that:

compared with the prior art, the invention creatively provides the suaeda salsa vegetation planting, namely the seed interception and scheme based on natural and semi-natural modes according to the current situation of the surrounding environment of the typical estuary tidal flat wetland in the northern sea area and the interaction relationship between the suaeda salsa vegetation and surrounding factors, adopts the methods of local conditions, zoning and zoning for restoration, flexibly utilizes natural characteristics, slightly improves natural conditions, optimizes the vegetation habitat of a small community, keeps the coordination and consistency relationship between the vegetation and the surrounding ecological community, improves the germination rate and planting effect of the suaeda salsa in the tidal flat, and can greatly save manpower, material resources and financial resources.

Drawings

FIG. 1 effect of Suaeda salsa seeds on plant density in different areas;

FIG. 2 is a comparison of the effect of shallow soil turnover on the density of suaeda salsa vegetation;

FIG. 3 the effect of transplanting mature Suaeda salsa plants on the growth of Suaeda salsa vegetation;

FIG. 4 shows seeds of Suaeda salsa frozen in the tidal flat;

FIG. 5 shows the effect of the frozen Suaeda salsa on growth.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Examples

And (3) selecting a Liaoning river mouth tidal flat for planting and repairing, and dividing a repairing area into 3 areas A, B, C from the shore to the sea. The nearest a to shore, region B, C gradually pushes toward the sea. Firstly, selecting seeds, then, carrying out soil shallow ploughing treatment on A, B, C planting areas, sequentially carrying out autumn transplanting technology in the area A, carrying out natural vernalization process technology of the seeds planted in winter, and carrying out artificial 'suaeda salsa ecological community' construction. The effect is best by adopting the sequential and gradual subarea planting technology, and the planting of the suaeda salsa can be carried out in the recovery area by adopting different technical schemes on the basis of the shallow soil of the tidal flat.

1. Selecting suaeda salsa seeds, wherein the suaeda salsa seeds on terrestrial lands are avoided as much as possible, the tidal flat primary seeds of suaeda salsa on the Liaohekou tidal flat are preferentially selected, and the primary tidal flat seeds have high stress resistance to salinity and are suitable for the water-salt environment on the tidal flat; in addition, the seeds need to remove plant stems and other impurities, and the black proportion of the wrapped peels is not less than 85%. The seed planting experiment shows that the germination rate of the planted tidal flat seeds is about 3 times of that of the dry flat seeds.

In the embodiment, suaeda salsa seeds in different areas of a dry beach and a tidal flat are respectively selected for planting, the average plant quantity after planting is different, specifically shown in figure 1, the difference of the plant heights under the two working conditions is not large at the initial stage, and the vegetation height of the seeds of the tidal flat is slightly larger than that of the seeds of the dry beach in the growth process.

2. Carrying out shallow ploughing on the soil in the tidal flat and light beach area, loosening the soil at a depth of about 5-10 cm by using a rotary cultivator after autumn through adjustment treatment on the shape and structure of an underlying surface,

in the examples, the tidal flat test shows that the vegetation density of the ploughed area is much higher than that of the uncultivated area under the same seeding density, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, the density of the germination rate of suaeda salsa under the shallow ploughing condition is about 220 plants/m ² The density of the germination rate of the suaeda salsa under the working condition of no tillage is about 50 plants/m ² The germination rate of the suaeda salsa seeds in the shallow plowing engineering area is 4.4 times that of the suaeda salsa seeds in the non-plowing engineering area, the soil is mainly improved by virtue of micro-topography modification, the soil density is reduced, the air permeability is increased, the germination rate and vegetation planting effect of the suaeda salsa seeds in the shallow plowing engineering area are both larger than those of the non-plowing area, the suaeda salsa seeds are effectively promoted to fall and become silted, and the planting effect of the seeds is improved. Therefore, the micro-terrain reformation of soil shallow tillage is to establish a benign connection between a ground surface covering mode and a vegetation community and a soil animal community, improve the ground surface micro-habitat and properly adjust the terrain under the conditions of meeting the functions of draining water, being suitable for plant growth and the like.

3. And transplanting the plants after autumn, namely transplanting the mature plants with seeds in a sample plot of a research area to realize the efficient field planting of the suaeda salsa vegetation seeds. In order to realize the technology, the technical scheme is as follows:

(1) and (2) the vegetation community of the suaeda salsa at the end of autumn enters the mature period, the suaeda salsa in the saline land is selected in the area where the suaeda salsa at the estuary tidal flat grows intensively, the plants and the seeds all grow mature, the suaeda salsa plants in the mature period are selected and transplanted, and the plant selection standard is as follows: the root diameter of the plant is 0.2-0.5 cm, the plant height is 28-35 cm, the color of the plant is purple red, and soil is reserved on the root diameter.

(2) On the basis of the step (1), a plant transplanting area is selected as an open land (area A) ploughed on a estuary tidal flat, the site of the transplanting area is within the sea water rising and falling tide range, the land is smooth, the tide trench is vertical and horizontal, the ridge effect is effectively utilized to provide a good internal water flow condition for transplanting the suaeda salsa community, and the smoothness of the tide water body entering and exiting the suaeda salsa vegetation area is ensured.

(3) Combining the work in the step (2), in the technology of plant transplanting after autumn, the plant transplanting requires adopting a proper plant spacing. In the embodiment, the transplanting density of the sample plot in the research area is 50 cm intervals, so that the amount of seeds used is saved, the maintenance cost and resources are saved, and an suaeda salsa vegetation community growth space is formed in the exposed area of the tidal flat through the interdependence relation of plants and seeds, so as to create environmental conditions, thereby obtaining an ecological circle formed by vegetation planting. The number of transplanted plants is shown in table 1 (the control group is plants in an area where mature suaeda salsa plants are not transplanted), in the next year, in a transplanted tidal flat area, the germination and planting rates of suaeda salsa seeds are high, the grown plants are strong and have bright branches and leaves, and a suaeda salsa community formed by transplanting vegetation is gradually integrated into the natural environment of the local tidal flat; meanwhile, the elements such as hydrology, soil, vegetation and seeds establish a good connection, the water and soil loss is effectively controlled, the reasonable transplanting configuration effectively constructs a suaeda salsa vegetation growing area, and the specific transplanting effect is shown in figure 3.

TABLE 1 transplanting technique of mature Suaeda salsa plants- -Suaeda salsa plant number (plants/m) ² ) Comparison of (2)

4. The natural vernalization of seeds planted in winter adopts the following scheme:

(1) in winter (12 months-1 month in the next year) when the heavy tide can not reach, carrying out field ice-sealing treatment on the suaeda glauca seeds to ensure that the seeds are not blown away by wind or pecked by birds to cause seed loss. In a river mouth intertidal zone degradation area (area B), the density of the suaeda glauca seeds is 5 kg/mu, the suaeda glauca seeds are uniformly spread in a designated tidal flat area and are planted in winter, the seeds are irrigated with water to promote icing during planting, the suaeda glauca seeds in the saline land are shaped on the tidal flat to form ice seals (see figure 4), and the seeds enter soil to take roots and sprout under the action of gravity when the air temperature is heated. Under the influence of vernalization, the seeds can be induced by low temperature in advance in the germination stage so as to vernalize, root and sprout in advance and reduce the germination time. After the ice-sealed vernalization, the hydrothermal condition is superior, the suaeda salsa seeds germinate and root rapidly, are tender red at first, turn deep gradually, and develop exuberantly gradually with other vegetation such as reeds around, the plant density is high, the vegetation coverage rate of the wetland is high, a colorful wetland landscape is formed in the following table 3 (a control group is an unsown area, the tidal flat of the area grows sporadically and can not count data), the specific effect can be shown in fig. 5, and the effect of the suaeda salsa seeds planted in winter on the vegetation growth through the natural vernalization process is obvious.

TABLE 2 Ice-sealed planting technique-Suaeda salsa plant number (plants/m) ² ) Comparison of (2)

5. An artificial 'ecological community of suaeda salsa' is constructed, the technology is one of means for seed interception, and the main purpose is to improve the storage capacity of seeds in a beach area by capturing seawater seeds. In order to realize the technical purpose, the following scheme is adopted:

(1) setting a fence with the area of 0.25 square meter, the height of 0.2-0.3 meter and the distance of 2 meters for an suaeda salsa seed area on a coastal beach (area C), inserting the fence downwards into an intertidal zone area, and placing the intertidal zone area in a regular submerged and exposed area of a wetland during the rising and falling tide of seawater so as to intercept seeds in the ocean by using a grid fence under the action of tidal water and provide better growth and development conditions for the seeds. The grid fence is made of iron wires and pvc materials, the holes are uniform, the grids are loose, and the hole distance is about 4-6 cm.

(2) Combining the work in the step 1, the grid fences are placed in a criss-cross mode, the flow direction of the rising and falling tide water is conformed, the seeds are prevented from being taken away when the seeds fall along with the tide water, the landscape aesthetic orientation is conformed, the suaeda salsa seeds are guided to land and fix according to a pleasing landscape pattern, and the suaeda salsa seeds can be conveniently removed after sprouting and growing in the next year. When the tide is ebb, the grid fence is used for filtering the tide water to intercept partial suaeda salsa seeds and floating objects floating in the seawater, so that the suaeda salsa seeds are not ebb along with the seawater, the tidal flat is quickly detained, and the tidal flat is wrapped and covered by various suspended matters in the sea under the action of pressure, and the tidal flat is quickly planted. And 5-6 months later, in the enclosure intercepting area, most of the intercepted Suaeda salsa seeds take roots and germinate near the enclosure, the plant density is high (see table 3), and the plants are robust and bright in color.

TABLE 3 Artificial "ecological community of Suaeda salsa" construction technique- -number of plants (plants/m) ² ) Comparison of (2)

Claims

1. A planting method for suaeda salsa vegetation seeds at estuary is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s2, soil shallow ploughing, namely carrying out shallow ploughing treatment on the soil in the tidal flat area, wherein the ploughing depth is 5-10 cm, and flattening the ploughed soil by using a machine to keep the soil free of blocks and flat;

s4, carrying out vernalization planting on seeds, namely, manually scattering suaeda salsa seeds screened in the step S1 on a shallow tidal flat at the sea side of the transplanting area of S3 in the period of 12-1 month, then spraying the suaeda salsa seeds on the shallow tidal flat by using seawater or fresh water, so that the seeds are frozen on the tidal flat by a water body, and the suaeda salsa seeds are induced to feel low temperature in advance in the germination period so as to vernalize and serve as an artificial planting area;

s5, artificial seed trapping, namely, arranging a series of artificial purse nets on the tidal flat on the sea side of the artificial planting area in the S4 according to landscape patterns, trapping suaeda salsa seeds floating in water, and removing the artificial purse nets after the suaeda salsa germinates and grows.

2. The planting method for the seeds of the suaeda glauca bunge vegetation in the estuary of claim 1, wherein the transplanting method for the suaeda glauca plants in the S3 is as follows: in the late autumn period, the developed plants of Suaeda salsa with strong plants and developed root systems are dug out with roots and transplanted to a degenerated tidal flat beach area, the transplanting distance is 0.4-0.6 m, and the density of the plants per square meter in the transplanting area is 8-10.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in S4, the density of suaeda glauca seeds is 5-5.5 kg/mu.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S5, the artificial purse net is inserted downwards into the intertidal zone and placed in the regularly submerged and exposed area of the wetland during the tidal fluctuation of seawater.

5. The method for planting Suaeda salsa vegetation seeds according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the seed selection requires that the black proportion of the pericarp of the seed coating is not less than 85%.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the germination test is performed before sowing, and the germination rate of the seeds is greater than 90%.

7. The method for planting suaeda salsa vegetation seeds at river mouths according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the height of the artificial purse nets is 0.2-0.3 m, and the space between the artificial purse nets is 1-2 m.