CN113179871A - Artificial cultivation method for suaeda salsa in intertidal zones of wetland - Google Patents
Artificial cultivation method for suaeda salsa in intertidal zones of wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179871A CN113179871A CN202110572902.2A CN202110572902A CN113179871A CN 113179871 A CN113179871 A CN 113179871A CN 202110572902 A CN202110572902 A CN 202110572902A CN 113179871 A CN113179871 A CN 113179871A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
Abstract
The invention discloses a wetland intertidal winged suaeda salsa artificial cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: collecting suaeda heteroptera seeds, identifying the seed activity and the germination rate of the suaeda heteroptera seeds, accelerating germination of the suaeda heteroptera seeds, manufacturing a seedbed which is in line with the suaeda heteroptera seeds, reforming the land for planting the suaeda heteroptera seeds, and transplanting the suaeda heteroptera seedlings into the seedbed. The invention realizes the vegetation restoration of the suaeda heteroptera in the intertidal zone of the wetland by the artificial cultivation of the suaeda heteroptera, improves the germination rate and the utilization efficiency of seeds of the suaeda heteroptera, overcomes the adverse effect of the tidal environment on the planting of the suaeda heteroptera, and has better prospect for the restoration and development of the landscape of the suaeda heteroptera in the intertidal zone of the wetland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of suaeda heteroptera artificial cultivation, in particular to a method for artificially cultivating suaeda heteroptera in an intertidal zone of a wetland.
Background
Suaeda heteroptera, also called alfalfa, Chinese broccoli, loempe, suaeda salsa, yellow stem vegetable, suaeda salsa, suaeda plant, etc. Suaeda heteroptera belongs to the genus suaeda of the Li family, annual herbaceous plants are generally grown on saline land at seashore, lake side, desert and the like, can also be sparsely clustered in intertidal zones with the salt content of up to 0.3 percent, are typical saline indicator plants, and are pioneer plants which develop from land to the coast. Suaeda heteroptera is spread all over the coast of the northern area and grows in saline-alkali soil, alkaline spot land, mud beach and roadside grasses near the mud beach. The salt content of the soil is 0.3% -0.5%, and the soil is a place where the suaeda heteroptera is suitable for growing. When the salt content of the soil is 0.4-1%, the soil is green, when the salt content is 1-1.6%, the soil is red, when the salt content is 1.6-2%, the soil is withered and yellow, and when the salt content is more than 2%, the soil is dead.
The seedlings are commonly called yellow beard, can be eaten as vegetables and are rich in amino acid, carotene and the like. The stem and leaf can also be used for extracting chlorophyll, and can be applied to food additives, daily chemical products and medicines. The whole plant is rich in potassium salt, and potassium carbonate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate can be extracted to be used as industrial raw materials or agricultural potassium fertilizer. Can be used as a bioreactor to produce products with high added value. The suaeda heteroptera can also eliminate bare saline-alkali wastelands, prevent water and soil loss, maintain and rebuild the ecology of the saline land and the like.
Suaeda heteroptera is a herb of annual age, 20-80cm high, and turns red-purple in late autumn. Leaf strip shape, semi-cylinder shape, meat quality, suaeda heteroptera length of 1-3m, width of 1-2mm, tip or blunt tip, and no handle. The flowers are either amphoteric or female, 3-5 flowers cluster on the axils of the leaves to form discontinuous panicle inflorescences; the bract is shorter than the flower quilt, and the film is white; the flower quilt is hemispherical, the base of the flower quilt sheet is in symphysis, the back is thickened in the fruit period, and the base is in a triangular or narrow-wing shape; stamen 5, anthers ovoid or oblong; and a column head 2. Covering the inner part of the flower quilt with the male buds, and cracking the peel when the male buds are ripe; the seeds are transverse, oval or nearly circular, with two sides slightly flattened, 0.8-1.5mm long, black, smooth surface, and no spot lines.
The suaeda heteroptera is an important economic crop, the seed fat content of the suaeda heteroptera accounts for 36.5 percent of the dry matter, the suaeda heteroptera can be refined for extracting unsaturated fatty acid, the protein content in the seed meal after the seed oil is pressed reaches 30 to 40 percent, and the suaeda heteroptera can also be used as feed. The fresh and tender stem and leaf of suaeda heteroptera contains protein 40% of dry matter, and is rich in vitamins and microelements, and is edible. Suaeda heteroptera is rich in potassium salt and can be applied to printing and dyeing and chemical industry. Suaeda heteroptera has the medicinal astringing effects of reducing blood sugar and blood pressure, expanding blood vessels, preventing and treating heart diseases, enhancing human immunity, aiding digestion and the like.
Suaeda heteroptera can also be used as a landscape plant, and the red beach of Liaoning's tapestry is famous. Meanwhile, the suaeda heteroptera has huge ecological functions, has irreplaceable effects on the aspects of purifying the environment, adjusting the climate and the like, and is an important wetland tourism resource.
The buffer zone between the sea and the land of the intertidal zone wetland seat in the coastal zone is an important wetland. He has an important, irreplaceable role in maintaining the biodiversity of coastal zones. In recent years, reservoirs and estuaries are built at the upstream, so that the silt of the river entering the sea is reduced, the salinity fluctuation is large, and the wetland habitat and the biological community face serious threats due to factors such as ocean development activities such as oil exploitation, mariculture and transitional fishing and the input of land-source pollutants, and the ecological system is in a sub-health state. According to preliminary statistics, the damaged or lost coastal wetland in China is about 50%, for example, the Panjin coastal wetland is one of the severely damaged areas, the Suaeda heteroptera community is obviously degraded from 2000 years, the community coverage is reduced from 70% -80% to 20% -30%, and many areas become bare mudflats. In order to recover the ecological resources of the wetland intertidal zone, a plurality of methods are adopted, wherein the method comprises the artificial cultivation of suaeda heteroptera. The traditional artificial cultivation of the suaeda heteroptera has low sprouting rate, manual operation is added, when a certain scale needs to be reached, manual reseeding is needed, labor intensity is improved, cost is increased, and meanwhile the yield of the existing artificial cultivation of the suaeda heteroptera is low. In view of the related technical problems, no effective solution has been proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wetland intertidal Suaeda heteroptera artificial cultivation method aiming at the problems in the related art and aiming at overcoming the technical problems in the prior related art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an artificial cultivation method of suaeda salsa in intertidal zones of wetland comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting mature suaeda heteroptera seeds in the season of maturity of the suaeda heteroptera every year, collecting the seeds of the suaeda heteroptera by a machine, placing the mature suaeda heteroptera under a big sun for insolation until the mature suaeda heteroptera is dried in the sun, beating the dried suaeda heteroptera by a flat plate to enable the seeds on the suaeda heteroptera to fall off, then placing the seeds of the suaeda heteroptera under the big sun for insolation, placing the dried suaeda heteroptera seeds on a filter for filtering to enable the filter to filter out impurities, and finally placing the filtered complete suaeda heteroptera seeds in a bottle for storage for later use;
step two: identifying the seed activity and the germination rate of the suaeda heteroptera seeds stored in the step one, and then weighing the required using amount of the suaeda heteroptera seeds according to the identification result;
step three: placing the suaeda heteroptera seeds weighed in the second step in clear water for washing to remove floating bad seeds, then placing the seeds in 500mg/L potassium permanganate solution for soaking for 2 hours, and then soaking the seeds in the clear water for 24 hours until the seeds are opened;
step four: organic degradation materials are selected to manufacture the seedbed, and the matrix in the seedbed is selected from the following components in a volume ratio of 2.2-2.6: 1, the particle size range of the mixture of fine sand and clay is 60-120 meshes, the humidity of a substrate is kept at 80-90%, the salinity is 0.4-2.0%, an organic fertilizer is added, a seedbed consists of a plurality of seedling raising hole trays, each seedling raising hole tray is uniformly provided with a plurality of holes, seeds with openings in the third step are dibbled into the holes of the seedling raising hole trays for 2-4 grains, and the soil is covered for 2-6 mm;
step five: according to the tidal water condition, selecting the time of not spreading small tides for 2-3 days, leveling the land on the intertidal zone of the selected wetland, leveling the land to the depth of 40cm, digging out grooves with the width of 40cm and the height of 20cm, wherein the distance between the grooves is 15cm, applying 220kg of decomposed cake fertilizer and 4Okg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu before sowing, finely leveling the soil, and uniformly spraying water once by using a spraying pot 1-2 days before sowing to improve the soil humidity;
step six: transplanting the Suaeda heteroptera seedlings with the height of 5-8cm in the fourth step and the seedling raising hole trays onto the ridge turned over in the fifth step, wherein the transplanting depth is 6-9cm, removing weeds and fixing seedlings in time after transplanting, the plant spacing is 6-12 cm, spraying 30% urea solution once 2-3 days after thinning, and covering a straw mat for keeping warm at night when the temperature drops;
step seven: after the suaeda heteroptera blossoms blossom and set seeds, the seeds are harvested when the frost falls in late October and are used as seeds of the suaeda heteroptera for sowing in the next year.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the temperature for sowing the suaeda heteroptera is 16-24 ℃.
Preferably, in the third step, the water temperature range in the soaking process is 18-22 ℃.
Preferably, the suaeda heteroptera used as the seed reserve is sown within 20 days before and after the Ming festival every year or sown in spring at the air temperature of 8-12 ℃.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the cultivation density is 200 strains/m 2, and the stable budding temperature is 12-16 ℃.
Preferably, the suaeda heteroptera sowing land is a saline-alkali land with the soil salinity of 0.01-10%, or a saline-alkali beach, or a sandy beach land.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the dry weight ratio of the soil fertilizer added with the organic fertilizer is 20: 1.
Preferably, the specification of the seedling raising plug is 2m × 5cm × 5cm, the number of the holes on each seedling raising plug is 20, and the specification of the holes is 10cm × 5cm × 5 cm.
Preferably, in the fourth step, after seeding, a support film is covered on the seedling raising hole tray or the seedling raising hole tray is moved into a seedling raising chamber, so as to ensure the budding temperature.
Preferably, the seeding rate is 0.5-1.0kg/hm2。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to a wetland intertidal zone suaeda heteroptera artificial cultivation method, which is characterized in that suaeda heteroptera seedlings are grown to a certain degree and then transplanted into a wetland together with seedling culture hole trays, so that the seedling culture germination rate is improved to over 95 percent, the survival rate after transplantation is over 95 percent, the suaeda heteroptera seedlings are not limited by seasons and time, the method is convenient and flexible, the time is saved, the labor intensity is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved;
(2) the invention relates to a wetland intertidal zone suaeda heteroptera artificial cultivation method, which promotes the suaeda heteroptera seeds to germinate by soaking in clear water, improves the germination rate of the suaeda heteroptera seeds, improves the utilization efficiency of the suaeda heteroptera seeds, reduces the planting cost and overcomes the adverse effect of tidal environment on the planting of the suaeda heteroptera;
(3) the invention relates to an artificial cultivation method of suaeda heteroptera in an intertidal zone of a wetland, which realizes the crop production of the suaeda heteroptera by the artificial cultivation of the suaeda heteroptera, improves the germination rate and the utilization efficiency of seeds of the suaeda heteroptera, enables the saline and alkaline land to utilize vegetables with higher nutritional value in production places, overcomes the adverse effect of tidal environment on the planting of the suaeda heteroptera, and has better prospect in the utilization and development of the suaeda heteroptera.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the experiment of this example, the TOC content of the experimental tidal flat is 7.16mg/g in different seasons in Jiangsu province salt cities-1-13.16mg/g-1The total phosphorus content varied within a range of 0.23mg/g-1-0.48mg/g-1Total nitrogen content 0.491mg/g-1。
An artificial cultivation method of suaeda salsa in intertidal zones of wetland comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting mature suaeda heteroptera seeds in the season of maturity of the suaeda heteroptera every year, collecting the seeds of the suaeda heteroptera by a machine, placing the mature suaeda heteroptera under a big sun for insolation until the mature suaeda heteroptera is dried in the sun, beating the dried suaeda heteroptera by a flat plate to enable the seeds on the suaeda heteroptera to fall off, then placing the seeds of the suaeda heteroptera under the big sun for insolation, placing the dried suaeda heteroptera seeds on a filter for filtering to enable the filter to filter out impurities, and finally placing the filtered complete suaeda heteroptera seeds in a bottle for storage for later use;
step two: identifying the seed activity and the germination rate of the suaeda heteroptera seeds stored in the step one, and then weighing the required using amount of the suaeda heteroptera seeds according to the identification result;
step three: placing the suaeda heteroptera seeds weighed in the second step into clear water for washing so as to remove floating bad seeds, then placing the seeds into 500mg/L potassium permanganate solution for soaking for 2 hours, then soaking the seeds in the clear water for 24 hours until the seeds are opened, wherein in the third step, the water temperature range in the soaking process is 18-22 ℃;
step four: organic degradation materials are selected to manufacture the seedbed, and the matrix in the seedbed is selected from the following components in a volume ratio of 2.2-2.6: 1, the particle size range of the mixture of fine sand and clay is 60-120 meshes, the humidity of a substrate is kept between 80-90%, the salinity is 0.4-2.0%, an organic fertilizer is added, the dry weight ratio of soil and the fertilizer added with the organic fertilizer is 20:1, a seedbed consists of a plurality of seedling raising hole trays, each seedling raising hole tray is uniformly provided with a plurality of holes, 2-4 seeds with openings in the step three are dibbled in the holes of the seedling raising hole trays, the soil is covered for 2-6mm, the temperature for sowing the suaeda heteroptera is 16-24 ℃, the cultivation density in the step four is 200 strains/m2The stable budding temperature is 12-16 ℃, and the seeding rate is 0.5-1.0kg/hm2；
Step five: according to the tidal water condition, selecting the time of not spreading small tides for 2-3 days, leveling the land on the intertidal zone of the selected wetland, leveling the land to the depth of 40cm, digging out grooves with the width of 40cm and the height of 20cm, wherein the distance between the grooves is 15cm, applying 220kg of decomposed cake fertilizer and 4Okg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu before sowing, finely leveling the soil, and uniformly spraying water once by using a spraying pot 1-2 days before sowing to improve the soil humidity;
step six: transplanting the Suaeda heteroptera seedlings with the height of 5-8cm in the fourth step and the seedling raising hole trays onto the ridge turned over in the fifth step, wherein the transplanting depth is 6-9cm, removing weeds and fixing seedlings in time after transplanting, the plant spacing is 6-12 cm, spraying 30% urea solution once 2-3 days after thinning, and covering a straw mat for keeping warm at night when the temperature drops;
step seven: after the suaeda heteroptera blossoms blossom and set seeds, the seeds are harvested when the frost falls in late October and are used as seeds of the suaeda heteroptera for sowing in the next year.
In the embodiment, the germination rate of the suaeda heteroptera seedlings is more than 95%, the survival rate after transplanting is more than 95%, the density is about 100000 plants/mu, the required seed amount is 0.3-0.5 kg/mu, the seed amount required by the traditional sowing method is 1-2 kg/mu, the germination rate and the survival rate are both about 60-70%, and the artificial cultivation method for the suaeda heteroptera in the intertidal zones of the wetland has obvious advantages compared with the traditional method.
Example 2
In this example, the TOC content of the experimental tidal flat was 6.22mg/g in different seasons when the experimental tidal flat was tested on the Bitaizi estuary tidal flat in Panshan county of Liaoning province-1-18.32mg/g-1The total phosphorus content varied within a range of 0.24mg/g-1-0.51 mg/g-1Total nitrogen content 0.415mg/g-1。
An artificial cultivation method of suaeda salsa in intertidal zones of wetland comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting mature suaeda heteroptera seeds in the season of maturity of the suaeda heteroptera every year, collecting the seeds of the suaeda heteroptera by a machine, placing the mature suaeda heteroptera under a big sun for insolation until the mature suaeda heteroptera is dried in the sun, beating the dried suaeda heteroptera by a flat plate to enable the seeds on the suaeda heteroptera to fall off, then placing the seeds of the suaeda heteroptera under the big sun for insolation, placing the dried suaeda heteroptera seeds on a filter for filtering to enable the filter to filter out impurities, and finally placing the filtered complete suaeda heteroptera seeds in a bottle for storage for later use;
step two: identifying the seed activity and the germination rate of the suaeda heteroptera seeds stored in the step one, and then weighing the required using amount of the suaeda heteroptera seeds according to the identification result;
step three: placing the suaeda heteroptera seeds weighed in the second step into clear water for washing so as to remove floating bad seeds, then placing the seeds into 500mg/L potassium permanganate solution for soaking for 2 hours, then soaking the seeds in the clear water for 24 hours until the seeds are opened, wherein in the third step, the water temperature range in the soaking process is 18-22 ℃;
step four: organic degradation materials are selected to manufacture the seedbed, and the matrix in the seedbed is selected from the following components in a volume ratio of 2.2-2.6: 1, the particle size range of the mixture of fine sand and clay is 60-120 meshes, the humidity of a substrate is kept between 80-90%, the salinity is 0.4-2.0%, an organic fertilizer is added, the dry weight ratio of soil and the fertilizer added with the organic fertilizer is 20:1, a seedbed consists of a plurality of seedling raising hole trays, each seedling raising hole tray is uniformly provided with a plurality of holes, 2-4 seeds with openings in the step three are dibbled in the holes of the seedling raising hole trays, the soil is covered for 2-6mm, the temperature for sowing the suaeda heteroptera is 16-24 ℃, the cultivation density in the step four is 200 strains/m2The stable budding temperature is 12-16 ℃, and the seeding rate is 0.5-1.0kg/hm2；
Step five: according to the tidal water condition, selecting the time of not spreading small tides for 2-3 days, leveling the land on the intertidal zone of the selected wetland, leveling the land to the depth of 40cm, digging out grooves with the width of 40cm and the height of 20cm, wherein the distance between the grooves is 15cm, applying 220kg of decomposed cake fertilizer and 4Okg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu before sowing, finely leveling the soil, and uniformly spraying water once by using a spraying pot 1-2 days before sowing to improve the soil humidity;
step six: transplanting the Suaeda heteroptera seedlings with the height of 5-8cm in the fourth step and the seedling raising hole trays onto the ridge turned over in the fifth step, wherein the transplanting depth is 6-9cm, removing weeds and fixing seedlings in time after transplanting, the plant spacing is 6-12 cm, spraying 30% urea solution once 2-3 days after thinning, and covering a straw mat for keeping warm at night when the temperature drops;
step seven: after the suaeda heteroptera blossoms blossom and set seeds, the seeds are harvested when the frost falls in late October and are used as seeds of the suaeda heteroptera for sowing in the next year.
In the embodiment, the germination rate of the suaeda heteroptera seedlings is more than 95%, the survival rate after transplanting is more than 95%, the density is 100000 plants/mu, the required seed amount is 0.4-0.6 kg/mu, the seed amount required by the traditional sowing method is 1-2 kg/mu, the germination rate and the survival rate are 65-75%, and compared with the traditional artificial cultivation method for the suaeda heteroptera in the intertidal zone of the wetland, the artificial cultivation method for the suaeda heteroptera has obvious advantages.
Example 3
The example is tested on large water estuary wetland, and has no vegetation, estuary sedimentary facies, muddy tidal flat, irregular half-day tide type, average high tide level of 3.72m, average low tide level of 0.38m, average tidal range of 2.40m, maximum tidal range of 5.06m, average rising tide duration of 6h04min, and average falling tide duration of 6h23 min.
An artificial cultivation method of suaeda salsa in intertidal zones of wetland comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting mature suaeda heteroptera seeds in the season of maturity of the suaeda heteroptera every year, collecting the seeds of the suaeda heteroptera by a machine, placing the mature suaeda heteroptera under a big sun for insolation until the mature suaeda heteroptera is dried in the sun, beating the dried suaeda heteroptera by a flat plate to enable the seeds on the suaeda heteroptera to fall off, then placing the seeds of the suaeda heteroptera under the big sun for insolation, placing the dried suaeda heteroptera seeds on a filter for filtering to enable the filter to filter out impurities, and finally placing the filtered complete suaeda heteroptera seeds in a bottle for storage for later use;
step two: identifying the seed activity and the germination rate of the suaeda heteroptera seeds stored in the step one, and then weighing the required using amount of the suaeda heteroptera seeds according to the identification result;
step three: placing the suaeda heteroptera seeds weighed in the second step into clear water for washing so as to remove floating bad seeds, then placing the seeds into 500mg/L potassium permanganate solution for soaking for 2 hours, then soaking the seeds in the clear water for 24 hours until the seeds are opened, wherein in the third step, the water temperature range in the soaking process is 18-22 ℃;
step four: organic degradation materials are selected to manufacture the seedbed, and the matrix in the seedbed is selected from the following components in a volume ratio of 2.2-2.6: 1, the particle size range of the mixture of fine sand and clay is 60-120 meshes, the humidity of a substrate is kept between 80-90%, the salinity is 0.4-2.0%, an organic fertilizer is added, the dry weight ratio of soil and the fertilizer added with the organic fertilizer is 20:1, a seedbed consists of a plurality of seedling raising hole trays, each seedling raising hole tray is uniformly provided with a plurality of holes, 2-4 seeds with openings in the step three are dibbled in the holes of the seedling raising hole trays, the soil is covered for 2-6mm, the temperature for sowing the suaeda heteroptera is 16-24 ℃, the cultivation density in the step four is 200 strains/m2The stable budding temperature is 12-16 ℃, and the seeding rate is 0.5-1.0kg/hm2；
Step five: according to the tidal water condition, selecting the time of not spreading small tides for 2-3 days, leveling the land on the intertidal zone of the selected wetland, leveling the land to the depth of 40cm, digging out grooves with the width of 40cm and the height of 20cm, wherein the distance between the grooves is 15cm, applying 220kg of decomposed cake fertilizer and 4Okg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu before sowing, finely leveling the soil, and uniformly spraying water once by using a spraying pot 1-2 days before sowing to improve the soil humidity;
step six: transplanting the Suaeda heteroptera seedlings with the height of 5-8cm in the fourth step and the seedling raising hole trays onto the ridge turned over in the fifth step, wherein the transplanting depth is 6-9cm, removing weeds and fixing seedlings in time after transplanting, the plant spacing is 6-12 cm, spraying 30% urea solution once 2-3 days after thinning, and covering a straw mat for keeping warm at night when the temperature drops;
step seven: after the suaeda heteroptera blossoms blossom and set seeds, the seeds are harvested when the frost falls in late October and are used as seeds of the suaeda heteroptera for sowing in the next year.
In the embodiment, the germination rate of the suaeda heteroptera seedlings is more than 85%, the survival rate after transplanting is more than 80%, the planting rate of the seedlings is 70%, and the plant density is 360 plants/m through field measurement2Biomass of 720g/m2The cover degree is91％。
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," "secured," "screwed" and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and may be communication between two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited, and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial cultivation method of suaeda salsa in intertidal zones of wetland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting mature suaeda heteroptera seeds in the season of maturity of the suaeda heteroptera every year, collecting the seeds of the suaeda heteroptera by a machine, placing the mature suaeda heteroptera under a big sun for insolation until the mature suaeda heteroptera is dried in the sun, beating the dried suaeda heteroptera by a flat plate to enable the seeds on the suaeda heteroptera to fall off, then placing the seeds of the suaeda heteroptera under the big sun for insolation, placing the dried suaeda heteroptera seeds on a filter for filtering to enable the filter to filter out impurities, and finally placing the filtered complete suaeda heteroptera seeds in a bottle for storage for later use;
step two: identifying the seed activity and the germination rate of the suaeda heteroptera seeds stored in the step one, and then weighing the required using amount of the suaeda heteroptera seeds according to the identification result;
step three: placing the suaeda heteroptera seeds weighed in the second step in clear water for washing to remove floating bad seeds, then placing the seeds in 500mg/L potassium permanganate solution for soaking for 2 hours, and then soaking the seeds in the clear water for 24 hours until the seeds are opened;
step four: organic degradation materials are selected to manufacture the seedbed, and the matrix in the seedbed is selected from the following components in a volume ratio of 2.2-2.6: 1, the particle size range of the mixture of fine sand and clay is 60-120 meshes, the humidity of a substrate is kept at 80-90%, the salinity is 0.4-2.0%, an organic fertilizer is added, a seedbed consists of a plurality of seedling raising hole trays, each seedling raising hole tray is uniformly provided with a plurality of holes, seeds with openings in the third step are dibbled into the holes of the seedling raising hole trays for 2-4 grains, and the soil is covered for 2-6 mm;
step five: according to the tidal water condition, selecting the time of not spreading small tides for 2-3 days, leveling the land on the intertidal zone of the selected wetland, leveling the land to the depth of 40cm, digging out grooves with the width of 40cm and the height of 20cm, wherein the distance between the grooves is 15cm, applying 220kg of decomposed cake fertilizer and 4Okg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu before sowing, finely leveling the soil, and uniformly spraying water once by using a spraying pot 1-2 days before sowing to improve the soil humidity;
step six: transplanting the Suaeda heteroptera seedlings with the height of 5-8cm in the fourth step and the seedling raising hole trays onto the ridge turned over in the fifth step, wherein the transplanting depth is 6-9cm, removing weeds and fixing seedlings in time after transplanting, the plant spacing is 6-12 cm, spraying 30% urea solution once 2-3 days after thinning, and covering a straw mat for keeping warm at night when the temperature drops;
step seven: after the suaeda heteroptera blossoms blossom and set seeds, the seeds are harvested when the frost falls in late October and are used as seeds of the suaeda heteroptera for sowing in the next year.
2. The method for artificially cultivating suaeda glauca bge in intertidal zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the seeding temperature of the suaeda heteroptera is 16-24 ℃.
3. The method for artificially cultivating suaeda glauca bge in intertidal zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the water temperature range in the soaking process is 18-22 ℃.
4. The method for artificially cultivating suaeda glauca bge in intertidal zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: the suaeda heteroptera used as a seed reserve is sown within 20 days before and after the Ming festival every year or sown in spring at the air temperature of 8-12 ℃.
5. The method for artificially cultivating suaeda glauca bge in intertidal zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the cultivation density is 200 plants/m2The stable budding temperature is 12-16 ℃.
6. The method for artificially cultivating suaeda glauca bge in intertidal zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: the suaeda heteroptera sowing land is saline-alkali land with the soil salinity of 0.01-10%, or saline-alkali shoal, or sandy beach land.
7. The method for artificially cultivating suaeda glauca bge in intertidal zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the dry weight ratio of the soil fertilizer added with the organic fertilizer is 20: 1.
8. The method for artificially cultivating suaeda glauca bge in intertidal zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specification of the seedling raising plug is 2m multiplied by 5cm, the number of the holes on each seedling raising plug is 20, and the specification of the holes is 10cm multiplied by 5 cm.
9. The method for artificially cultivating suaeda glauca bge in intertidal zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fourth step, after seeding, covering a support film on the seedling culture hole tray or moving the seedling culture hole tray into a seedling culture chamber so as to ensure the budding temperature.
10. The method for artificially cultivating suaeda glauca bge in intertidal zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seeding rate is 0.5-1.0kg/hm2。
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| CN113854053A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2021-12-31 | 大连海洋大学 | Planting method for suaeda salsa vegetation seeds at estuary tidal flat |
| CN113892400A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-07 | 国家海洋环境监测中心 | Planting and repairing technology for vegetation suaeda heteroptera in typical seaside wetland in north |
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