CN110089337B - Method for collecting and raising seedlings of native mangrove plants - Google Patents
Method for collecting and raising seedlings of native mangrove plants Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
本发明提供一种乡土红树植物榄李种子的收集及育苗方法，收集成熟榄李种子并收集林下凋落的种子，经晾晒后进行种子萌发，将种子均匀洒在苗床表面，苗床基质由泥炭土、椰糠、红土和河沙混合制得，苗床覆盖纱网，喷洒生根粉溶液，喷洒生根粉溶液2天后，定期对苗床上的种子进行喷水，使种子保持湿润状态；待幼苗高度超过5cm以后，将幼苗连同幼苗根周围的土壤基质移栽到内置有营养土的营养袋中，定期喷洒淡海水，使营养袋内的营养土保持湿润，并施加水溶肥；待幼苗超过15cm后，将幼苗连同营养袋移栽到河道入海口的苗圃内生长；待幼苗超过30cm后，得到榄李幼苗。本发明方法同时适用于植株上成熟种子与林下凋落种子育苗，可实现了榄李规模化育苗。The invention provides a method for collecting and raising seedlings of native mangrove Prunus chinensis seeds. The mature Plumeria chinensis seeds are collected and the fallen seeds under forest are collected, the seeds are germinated after drying, and the seeds are evenly sprinkled on the surface of a seedbed. The seedbed substrate is made of peat. It is prepared by mixing soil, coconut bran, laterite and river sand. The seedbed is covered with gauze, and the rooting powder solution is sprayed. After 2 days of spraying the rooting powder solution, the seeds on the seedbed are regularly sprayed with water to keep the seeds moist; After 5cm, the seedlings and the soil matrix around the roots of the seedlings were transplanted into a nutrient bag with built-in nutrient soil, regularly sprayed with fresh seawater to keep the nutrient soil in the nutrient bag moist, and water-soluble fertilizer was applied; after the seedling exceeded 15cm, Transplant the seedlings together with the nutrient bag to the nursery of the river estuary for growth; after the seedlings exceed 30 cm, obtain the plum seedlings. The method of the invention is suitable for both the mature seeds on the plant and the fallen seeds under the forest to raise seedlings, and can realize the large-scale seedling raising of the olive plum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seedling raising of native mangrove plant elegans, in particular to a method for collecting seeds of native mangrove plant elegans and seedling raising.
Background
Since the twenty-century and fifty years, the area of mangrove forest in China is greatly reduced, the mangrove forest is used as an important type of wetland ecosystem, and the protection and recovery of the mangrove forest become an important component of the current wetland ecosystem protection. The continuous reduction of mangrove resources, a large amount of mangrove mudflats need to be subjected to ecological restoration, and the large-scale mangrove afforestation becomes a problem to be solved urgently. However, in the large-scale mangrove afforestation process, most of the adopted trees are fast-growing foreign trees such as larch and sonneratia apetala, wherein the mangrove area for planting sonneratia apetala is as high as 3800 hectare, which exceeds 17 percent of the total area of the mangrove forest in China and 80 percent of the area of the artificial mangrove forest, and the proportion of the foreign trees is continuously increased. The State environmental protection administration stipulates that "foreign species introduction and application are strictly prohibited in natural conservation areas, scenic spots and ecological function conservation areas, and in areas where the ecological environment is special and fragile". Therefore, the selection of fast-growing, salt-tolerant and flooding-resistant native mangrove species for mangrove forestation is a problem to be solved urgently at present. The elegans are important native mangrove species and have the characteristics of salt resistance and fast growth, and the existing elegans seedling culture method uses mature seeds for seedling culture, so that enough seeds are difficult to be obtained, and the seedling culture yield is small.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for collecting and raising seedlings of cerasus serrulata seeds of a native mangrove plant, and solves the technical problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for collecting and raising seedlings of cerasus serrulata seeds of a native mangrove plant comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection: collecting yellow mature elegans seeds in 4-6 months, collecting the seeds withered under the forest, removing impurities, cleaning for later use, and respectively obtaining mature seeds and withered seeds. The original seed collection method is generally to collect mature seeds on plants, however, the prunus avica seeds can quickly wither after being mature, and the number of seeds collected on the plants is small. The invention collects mature seeds and collects the withered seeds under the forest, thereby greatly increasing the quantity of the collected seeds.
(2) Seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds in natural sunlight for 2-3 days, and turning over the seeds every day; according to the method, prunus elegans seeds are disinfected by solar ultraviolet rays, so that the probability of death of prunus elegans seeds due to fungal infection is reduced; the seeds can not be dried for too long time, so that the seeds can be prevented from dying due to water loss. The invention adopts natural sunshine for airing, saves cost, avoids the traditional method of adopting potassium permanganate for disinfection or 75 percent alcohol for disinfection, and has high cost.
(3) Seed germination: uniformly spraying mature seeds and/or withered seeds on the surface of a seedbed, wherein the seedbed matrix is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 0.9-1.3: 0.8-1.2: 0.5-1.1 of peat soil, coconut chaff, laterite and river sand, wherein the number of the seeds is 0.5-1kg per square meter, and the seedbed is covered with a gauze to avoid the death of the seedlings caused by the gnawing of the seedlings by pests; spraying a rooting powder solution, wherein the rooting powder solution is prepared from sodium naphthalene acetate or indoleacetic acid and tap water in a mass ratio of 1: 8000-10000 are mixed to promote the rooting of the seedlings and improve the survival rate of the seedlings; spraying the rooting powder solution for 2 days, and spraying fresh water to the seeds on the seedbed regularly to keep the seeds in a wet state; the seedbed of the invention provides a stable growth environment for the olive plum seedlings, reduces the influence of adverse environment, and can effectively improve the survival rate of the seedlings.
(4) Bagging and seedling: after the height of the seedling exceeds 5cm, transplanting the seedling and the soil matrix around the root of the seedling into a nutrition bag with built-in nutrition soil, wherein the nutrition soil is prepared from peat soil, red soil, sea mud and sea sand according to the ratio of 1: 1.8-2.2: 1.5-2.5: 1.9-2.1, and transplanting the seedlings together with nutrient soil around the roots of the seedlings in the transplanting process, so that the damage to the roots can be reduced, and the survival rate of the seedlings can be improved; the fresh seawater is sprayed regularly to provide necessary elements for the growth of the prunus elegans seedlings, meanwhile, the prunus elegans seedlings have weaker salt resistance, the salt concentration of the fresh seawater sprayed by the method is lower than that of the fresh seawater disclosed before, and the inhibition effect on the growth of the prunus elegans seedlings due to higher salt concentration can be avoided; the nutrient soil in the nutrient bag is kept moist, the water soluble fertilizer is applied for 1-2 times, the seedlings are fertilized to obtain more nutrients, the seedlings grow healthily, and the seedling burning phenomenon caused by excessive fertilization is avoided.
(5) Seedling nursery hardening: after the seedlings exceed 15cm, the seedlings and the nutrition bags are transplanted into a nursery garden at the mouth of the river to grow, and the seedling and the nutrition bags are transplanted together, so that the damage to roots can be avoided; and meanwhile, the natural environment for the growth of prunus avica is simulated, the adaptability of seedlings is improved, and the workload of seedling management is reduced.
(6) Transplanting: obtaining elegans plum seedlings after the seedlings exceed 30cm, and obtaining elegans plum seedlings after the seedlings exceed 30cm in height, wherein the elegans plum seedlings have enough capacity to adapt to the natural environment and can be transplanted to field seedlings for mangrove afforestation.
Further, in the step (4), the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-containing compound fertilizer and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 2000-3000.
Further, in the step (4), the fresh seawater is prepared by mixing seawater with the salinity of 3% -3.5% and tap water according to the mass ratio of 1: 9-11 are mixed to obtain the product.
Further, in the step (3), the thickness of the seedbed substrate is 5-8 cm.
Further, in the step (3), the height of the gauze from the seedbed substrate is 20-30 cm.
Further, in the step (4), the nutrition bag is made of PVC material, the diameter of the nutrition bag is 10-12cm, the height of the nutrition bag is 10-12cm, and 2-3 circular holes with the diameter of 0.8-1.2cm are arranged at the bottom of the nutrition bag.
Further, in the step (3), the gauze is made of polyvinyl chloride, and the meshes of the gauze are 60-80 meshes.
Further, in the step (3), the seedbed matrix is prepared by mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1:1, mixing peat soil, coconut chaff, red soil and river sand.
Further, in the step (4), the nutrient soil is prepared from peat soil, red soil, sea mud and sea sand according to the ratio of 1: 2: 2: 2 to obtain the product.
Further, in the step (3), an LED light source is arranged in the gauze to promote photosynthesis of seedlings and accelerate growth of the seedlings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides an economic and effective elegans seedling raising method, which is very beneficial to realizing large-scale elegans seedling raising and lays a foundation for mangrove forestation by using native mangrove species.
(2) The seedling raising method is suitable for raising mature seeds on plants and raising withered seeds under forest, and has high seed germination rate and high survival rate after transplantation.
(3) If the traditional collection method is adopted, only mature fruits on the plants are collected, 0.5-0.7kg of mature fruits per square meter can be collected by taking the plants as the center, and 2.4-3.4kg of seeds per square meter can be collected by collecting the mature fruits on the plants and the withered seeds under the forest. The method collects mature seeds and collects withered seeds under the forest, so that the quantity of the collected seeds is greatly increased, and a necessary premise is provided for large-scale seedling culture of the prunus humilis.
(4) According to the invention, the seedbed matrix compounded by peat soil, coconut chaff, red soil and river sand is adopted to provide sufficient nutrition for the prunus humilis seeds, particularly to greatly stimulate the germination of the withered seeds and improve the germination rate of the seeds; meanwhile, the invention adopts nutrient soil compounded by peat soil, red soil, sea mud and sea sand to provide sufficient nutrition for the prunus humilis seedlings, particularly make up the nutrition of the litsea plum seedlings, facilitate the protection of the root seedlings by the nutrient soil during transplantation and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.
(5) The invention adopts sodium naphthalene acetate or indoleacetic acid to prepare aqueous solution with a certain concentration as rooting powder solution, greatly promotes the rooting of seedlings, particularly better stimulates the rooting of the withered seeds and improves the survival rate of the seedlings.
(6) The nursery garden is located near the entrance of the river to the sea, the natural environment for the growth of the prunus avicens is simulated, the adaptability of seedlings is improved, subsequent management can be reduced, and labor cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
In the embodiment of the invention, the used nutrition bag is made of PVC material, the diameter of the nutrition bag is 10-12cm, the height of the nutrition bag is 10-12cm, and the bottom of the nutrition bag is provided with 2-3 circular holes with the diameter of 0.8-1.2 cm. The gauze used is made of polyvinyl chloride, the meshes of the gauze are 60-80 meshes, and an LED light source is arranged in the gauze for supplementing illumination.
In the embodiment of the invention, the nursery garden is selected near the estuary of the river channel and is communicated with the outside river channel, so that seawater can be converged into the nursery garden during the flood tide, the seawater can submerge the seedbed, and fresh water can be converged into the nursery garden during the ebb tide.
Example 1
A method for collecting and raising seedlings of cerasus serrulata seeds of a native mangrove plant comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection: collecting yellow mature Prunus elegans seeds in 4-6 months to obtain mature seeds, collecting the seeds withered under forest to obtain withered seeds, removing impurities, and cleaning;
(2) seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds in natural sunlight for 2 days, and turning over the seeds every day;
(3) seed germination: mixing mature seeds and withered seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the surface of a seedbed, wherein the number of the seeds is 0.5kg per square meter, and the mass ratio of seedbed matrix is 1: 1.3: 0.8: 1.1, mixing peat soil, coconut chaff, red soil and river sand, wherein the thickness of a seedbed substrate is 5cm, and the seedbed is covered with a gauze, and the height of the gauze from the seedbed substrate is 20 cm; and spraying a rooting powder solution on the seeds on the seedbed, wherein the rooting powder solution is prepared from sodium naphthalene acetate and tap water in a mass ratio of 1: 8000 mixing to get final product; spraying the rooting powder solution for 2 days, and regularly spraying water to the seeds on the seedbed to keep the seeds in a wet state;
(4) bagging and seedling: after the height of the seedling exceeds 5cm, transplanting the seedling and the soil matrix around the root of the seedling into a nutrition bag with built-in nutrition soil, wherein the nutrition soil is prepared from peat soil, red soil, sea mud and sea sand according to the ratio of 1: 1.8: 2.5: 1.9, preparing; periodically spraying fresh seawater, wherein the fresh seawater is prepared by mixing seawater with the salinity of 3% -3.5% and tap water according to the mass ratio of 1: 9, mixing to keep the nutrient soil in the nutrient bag moist, and applying a water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-containing compound fertilizer and water according to a mass ratio of 1:2000 mixing to obtain;
(5) seedling nursery hardening: after the seedlings exceed 15cm, transplanting the seedlings and the nutrition bags into a nursery garden at the mouth of the river channel;
(6) transplanting: obtaining elegans plum seedlings after the seedlings exceed 30cm, and transplanting the elegans plum seedlings to the field for mangrove afforestation.
Example 2
A method for collecting and raising seedlings of cerasus serrulata seeds of a native mangrove plant comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection: collecting yellow mature Prunus elegans seeds in 4-6 months to obtain mature seeds, collecting the seeds withered under forest to obtain withered seeds, removing impurities, and cleaning;
(2) seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds in natural sunlight for 3 days, and turning over the seeds every day;
(3) seed germination: mixing mature seeds and withered seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the surface of a seedbed, wherein the number of the seeds is 1kg per square meter, and the mass ratio of a seedbed substrate is 1: 0.9: 1.2: 0.5 of peat soil, coconut chaff, laterite and river sand, wherein the thickness of the seedbed substrate is 8cm, the seedbed is covered with a gauze, and the height of the gauze from the seedbed substrate is 30 cm; spraying a rooting powder solution on seeds on a seedbed, wherein the rooting powder solution is prepared from indoleacetic acid and tap water in a mass ratio of 1: 10000 mixing to obtain; spraying the rooting powder solution for 2 days, and regularly spraying water to the seeds on the seedbed to keep the seeds in a wet state;
(4) bagging and seedling: after the height of the seedling exceeds 5cm, transplanting the seedling and the soil matrix around the root of the seedling into a nutrition bag with built-in nutrition soil, wherein the nutrition soil is prepared from peat soil, red soil, sea mud and sea sand according to the ratio of 1: 2.2: 1.5: 2.1, preparing; periodically spraying fresh seawater, wherein the fresh seawater is prepared by mixing seawater with the salinity of 3% -3.5% and tap water according to the mass ratio of 1: 11, keeping the nutrient soil in the nutrient bag moist, and applying a water-soluble fertilizer for 2 times, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-containing compound fertilizer and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 3000 mixing to obtain;
(5) seedling nursery hardening: after the seedlings exceed 15cm, transplanting the seedlings and the nutrition bags into a nursery garden at the mouth of the river channel;
(6) transplanting: obtaining elegans plum seedlings after the seedlings exceed 30cm, and transplanting the elegans plum seedlings to the field for mangrove afforestation.
Example 3
A method for collecting and raising seedlings of cerasus serrulata seeds of a native mangrove plant comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection: collecting yellow mature Prunus elegans seeds in 4-6 months to obtain mature seeds, collecting the seeds withered under forest to obtain withered seeds, removing impurities, and cleaning;
(2) seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds in natural sunlight for 2 days, and turning over the seeds every day;
(3) seed germination: mixing mature seeds and withered seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the surface of a seedbed, wherein the number of the seeds is 0.8kg per square meter, and the mass ratio of seedbed matrix is 1: 1: 1:1, mixing peat soil, coconut chaff, laterite and river sand, wherein the thickness of a seedbed substrate is 7cm, and the seedbed is covered with a gauze, and the height of the gauze from the seedbed substrate is 25 cm; spraying a rooting powder solution on seeds on a seedbed, wherein the rooting powder solution is prepared from indoleacetic acid and water in a mass ratio of 1: 9000 mixing; spraying the rooting powder solution for 2 days, and regularly spraying water to the seeds on the seedbed to keep the seeds in a wet state;
(4) bagging and seedling: after the height of the seedling exceeds 5cm, transplanting the seedling and the soil matrix around the root of the seedling into a nutrition bag with built-in nutrition soil, wherein the nutrition soil is prepared from peat soil, red soil, sea mud and sea sand according to the ratio of 1: 2: 2: 2, preparing; periodically spraying fresh seawater, wherein the fresh seawater is prepared by mixing seawater with the salinity of 3% -3.5% and tap water according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, keeping the nutrient soil in the nutrient bag moist, and applying a water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-containing compound fertilizer and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 2500 mixing to obtain;
(5) seedling nursery hardening: after the seedlings exceed 15cm, transplanting the seedlings and the nutrition bags into a nursery garden at the mouth of the river channel;
(6) transplanting: obtaining elegans plum seedlings after the seedlings exceed 30cm, and transplanting the elegans plum seedlings to the field for mangrove afforestation.
Example 4
This example differs from example 3 in that only mature seeds were used for the seedling treatment.
Example 5
This example differs from example 3 in that only the withered seeds were used for the treatment of seedling.
Comparative example 1
The present comparative example differs from example 3 in that, in the step (3), the bed substrate is prepared by mixing, by mass, 1: 0.5: 2: 4, mixing the peat soil, the coconut chaff, the red soil and the river sand.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that in the step (3), the rooting powder solution is prepared by mixing indoleacetic acid and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 5000 mixing.
Comparative example 3
The present comparative example differs from example 3 in that, in step (4), the nutrient soil is prepared from peat soil, laterite, sea mud and sea sand according to the ratio of 1: 3: 0.5: 4, preparing;
comparative example 4
The comparative example differs from example 3 in that it was not transplanted to the estuary of the river for nursery acclimatization.
Seedling raising treatment is carried out on elegans seeds by adopting the embodiment and the comparative example respectively, seedling raising treatment is carried out on 30 seeds in each group, the steps are repeated for 3 times, the seed germination rate and the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings are counted, the seed germination rate is counted on the 30 th day of the germination treatment (the germination standard is that the seedlings can be observed to have buds growing by naked eyes), and the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings is counted on the 10 th day of the transplantation (the survival standard is that the growth height of the seedlings exceeds 10cm, and no obvious withering or wilting phenomenon exists).
The seed germination rate is equal to the seed germination number/total sowing number multiplied by 100%
The survival rate of the seedlings is equal to the number of the seedlings/the total seeding number multiplied by 100 percent
The results are as follows:
| seed germination rate | Survival rate of transplanted seedlings | |
| Example 1 | 91.9％ | 85.1％ |
| Example 2 | 92.4％ | 86.4％ |
| Example 3 | 93.7％ | 89.7％ |
| Example 4 | 95.1％ | 90.4％ |
| Example 5 | 91.3％ | 88.2％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 84.2％ | 76.4％ |
| Comparative example 2 | —— | 78.9％ |
| Comparative example 3 | —— | 73.7％ |
| Comparative example 4 | —— | 68.5％ |
The above examples 1-5 show that the seedling raising method of the present invention is not only suitable for raising mature seeds on plants, but also suitable for raising withered seeds under forest, and has high seed germination rate and high survival rate after transplantation.
The comparative example 1 shows that the seedbed matrix compounded by peat soil, coconut coir, red soil and river sand has great influence on the seed germination rate and the survival rate of seedlings after transplantation. The olive plum compound is compounded with peat soil, coconut chaff, red soil and river sand, and has a synergistic effect, so that a good and stable germination environment is provided for olive plum seeds, a good and stable growth environment is provided for olive plum seedlings, and the germination rate of the olive plum seeds and the survival rate of the seedlings are effectively improved.
The comparative example 2 shows that the rooting powder solution ratio is scientifically set, and the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings is greatly influenced. The rooting powder solution of the invention promotes the rooting of the seedlings and improves the survival rate of the seedlings.
The comparative example 3 shows that the nutrient soil compounded by peat soil, red soil, sea mud and sea sand has obvious influence on the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings. The compound fertilizer is compounded with peat soil, red soil, sea mud and sea sand, has synergistic effect, provides a high-quality growth environment for the prunus elegans seedlings, and improves the survival rate of the seedlings after transplantation.
Comparative example 4 shows that the seedling nursery hardening off method transplanted to the river estuary has great influence on survival rate of the transplanted seedlings. The method simulates the natural environment of the elegans plum growth, improves the adaptability of the seedlings, and reduces the workload of seedling management.
In conclusion, the seedling culture method is simultaneously suitable for seedling culture of mature seeds on plants and withered seeds under forests, has high seed germination rate and high survival rate after transplantation, and can realize large-scale seedling culture of prunus humilis.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for collecting and raising seedlings of cerasus serrulata seeds of a native mangrove plant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed collection: collecting yellow mature elegans seeds in 4-6 months, collecting the seeds withered under the forest, removing impurities, cleaning for later use, and respectively obtaining mature seeds and withered seeds;
(2) seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds in natural sunlight for 2-3 days, and turning over the seeds every day;
(3) seed germination: uniformly spraying mature seeds and/or withered seeds on the surface of a seedbed, wherein the seedbed matrix is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 0.9-1.3: 0.8-1.2: 0.5-1.1 of peat soil, coconut chaff, laterite and river sand, wherein the number of seeds is 0.5-1kg per square meter, a seedbed is covered with a gauze, and a rooting powder solution is sprayed, wherein the rooting powder solution is prepared by mixing sodium naphthalene acetate or indoleacetic acid and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 8000-10000 mixing; spraying the rooting powder solution for 2 days, and regularly spraying water to the seeds on the seedbed to keep the seeds in a wet state;
(4) bagging and seedling: after the height of the seedling exceeds 5cm, transplanting the seedling and the soil matrix around the root of the seedling into a nutrition bag with built-in nutrition soil, wherein the nutrition soil is prepared from peat soil, red soil, sea mud and sea sand according to the ratio of 1: 1.8-2.2: 1.5-2.5: 1.9-2.1; spraying fresh seawater regularly to keep the nutrient soil in the nutrient bag moist, and applying water soluble fertilizer for 1-2 times; the nutrition bag is made of PVC material, the diameter of the nutrition bag is 10-12cm, the height of the nutrition bag is 10-12cm, and the bottom of the nutrition bag is provided with 2-3 circular holes with the diameter of 0.8-1.2 cm;
(5) seedling nursery hardening: after the seedlings exceed 15cm, transplanting the seedlings and the nutrition bags into a nursery garden at the mouth of the river channel;
(6) transplanting: obtaining the olive plum seedlings after the seedlings exceed 30 cm.
2. The method for collecting and cultivating prunus avica seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the water soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing a compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with water at a mass ratio of 1: 2000-3000.
3. The method for collecting and raising seedlings of prunus avica seeds as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (4), the fresh seawater is prepared by mixing seawater with salinity of 3% -3.5% and tap water according to a mass ratio of 1: 9-11 are mixed to obtain the product.
4. The method for collecting and raising seedlings of prunus avica seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the thickness of the seedbed matrix is 5-8 cm.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the height of the gauze is 20-30cm from the substrate of the seedbed.
6. The method for collecting seeds of prunus avica as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein in step (3), the gauze is made of polyvinyl chloride and has meshes of 60-80 meshes.
7. The method for collecting and raising seedlings of prunus avica seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the seedbed matrix is prepared by mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1:1, mixing peat soil, coconut chaff, red soil and river sand.
8. The method for collecting and raising seedlings of the native mangrove plant elegans plum seeds of claim 1 or 7, wherein in the step (4), the nutrient soil is formed by peat soil, red soil, sea mud and sea sand according to a ratio of 1: 2: 2: 2 to obtain the product.
9. The method for collecting and growing seedlings of prunus avica seeds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in step (3), the LED light source is arranged in the gauze.
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| CN112715256B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-05-27 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Seedling raising method for low-temperature-resistant coconut seedlings |
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