CN104186158A - Maca seedling cultivating and planting method - Google Patents
Maca seedling cultivating and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186158A CN104186158A CN201410423793.8A CN201410423793A CN104186158A CN 104186158 A CN104186158 A CN 104186158A CN 201410423793 A CN201410423793 A CN 201410423793A CN 104186158 A CN104186158 A CN 104186158A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivating and planting maca seedlings. The maca seedling cultivating and planting method is mainly achieved through seed selection transplantation, land selection plantation, planting season management and a harvesting and seed reserving period. The maca seedling cultivating and planting method can enable the quality of maca seedling plants of planted maca and the quality of planted maca fruits to be far superior to a maca seedling cultivating and planting method in the prior art. The survival rate of maca plants and the nutrient content of maca dry pieces planted through the method both exceed that of maca dry pieces obtained from existing planting methods in Peru and Yunnan. The protein content of the maca dry pieces planted through the method is 17.4%, the polysaccharide content of the maca dry pieces is 15.4%, and the planting ratio of per thousand grains is 0.6-0.8. The maca seedling cultivating and planting method can improve maca acre yield and can bring efficient economic benefits to enterprises planting maca.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technical field, especially a kind of agate coffee seedling grow method.
Background technology
Agate coffee originates in mountain area, Andean, height above sea level 3500～4000km South America, is crucifer.Agate coffee contains the multiple natural plant active components such as protein, amino acid, polysaccharide, vitamin, mineral matter, trace element and agate coffee alkene, agate coffee acid amides, mustard oil, alkaloid, agate coffee is not only edible, and have improve immunity of organisms, improve sexual function, regulate internal secretion, antifatigue, the health-care efficacy such as anti-oxidant, antitumor, enjoy consumer to favor.In recent years, the fashionable worlds of product such as the food that the agate coffee of take is produced as raw material, health liquor, agate coffee essence sheet, agate coffee capsule, become one of the whole world ten large situation of selling well health products.
And agate coffee product is being introduced to the market in sale, also pure in problems, for example, in present stage, because agate coffee planting technology does not also obtain standardization, can only select high height above sea level plantation agate coffee against traditional approach, height above sea level is generally at 2800～4500m, and more high yield agate coffee fruit quality is out better for height above sea level, but in existing agate coffee planting technology, agate coffee fine-variety breeding and variety rejuvenation work lag behind, provenance source channel is more, and variet complexity, lacks and promote mainly breeding in production.Aspect seedling fostering, lack seedling quality standard, in seedling fostering process, seed quality is not tight to check on, seedling growing process is lack of standardization, cause seedling quality poor, and these all will affect, and the standardization of agate coffee is produced and output and the quality of agate coffee; Next is that planting area is not made rational planning for and managed not science, lack of standardization in optimum planting area, field production, causes production cost to improve, and yields poorly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for technological deficiencies such as the agate coffee survival rate of seedling that solves the lack of standard of prior art plantation agate coffee existence and cultivate is low, agate coffee fruit yield is low, poor quality, a kind of agate coffee seedling-cultivating method that can improve agate coffee survival rate of seedling is provided, use the raising of this method agate coffee survival rate of seedling, the increase of agate coffee fruit yield, fruit quality to promote, and the agate coffee seedling grow cultivating agate coffee fruit out, with respect to adopting other agate coffee seedling grow methods to have abundant nutritive value.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of agate coffee seedling grow method, is to follow these steps to carry out:
(1) seed treatment
Seedtime is 5～June, prior to seeding by the plant Maca seed of the yellow filtering out in advance, purple and black, the ratio that is 2:3:5 in the weight ratio of yellow, purple and black is mixed, by the agate coffee seed mixing in proportion through the mixotrophism water soaking of 30～45 ℃ 5～7 hours, wherein, described nutritive water comprises the mixotrophism liquid of (0.1～0.8) MS, (0.1～0.4) mg/L6-BA, (0.1～0.4) mg/LNAA and 25g/L sucrose; Soaked seed is carried out to airing, until the seed soaking does not stick together each other;
(2) manufacture seedling dish medium
Seedling dish size is set to 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, bottom surface is provided with equally distributed infiltration aperture, in seedling dish, be contained with the agate coffee seedling composite substrate of 3kg, agate coffee seedling composite substrate humidity is 60%～70%, the mixing agate coffee seed of processing is divided uniformly to the agate coffee seedling composite substrate surface that is placed on Miao Panzhong, and each seedling dish is put 800～1000, seed, each seed spacing is 0.8～0.9cm, wherein, the preparation method of agate coffee seedling composite substrate comprises the following steps
(I) will cut no agate coffee leaf and tan by the sun in the sun 2～4 days, make its bone dry, mix other dry rotted leaf, and agate coffee leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are (2～3): 1, and put into cracker and pulverize, be mixing rotted leaf;
(II) got sheep excrement and added described mixing rotted leaf, sheep excrement with mix rotted leaf mass ratio for (1～3): 1, add appropriate fertilizer leavening simultaneously, the quality of fertilizer leavening is total amount 3 ‰～5 ‰, ferments 5～7 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer;
(III) got mountain base soil and added composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground positive red, wherein in composite fertilizer, the content of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 10%～15%, the positive red mass ratio in described Shan Jituyu composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:(1.5～2.5): 0.5, be and mix mountain base soil;
(IV) described rotted leaf fertilizer after getting and having fermented adds in the base soil of described mixing mountain, crushing, stirring, and described rotted leaf fertilizer is 1:10 with the mass ratio of mixing mountain base soil, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium;
After (V) mixing finishes, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content between 60%～70%;
(VI) gets clay, in described clay, spray appropriate water, its water content is remained on more than 60%, it is the clay layer of 1～2 centimeter that institute's water content is organized into thickness at more than 60% clay, by the described compound seedling medium described thickness that tiles, be the clay layer of 1～2 centimeter, the tiling thickness of described seedling medium is 3～6 centimeters;
(3) seedling canopy is built
In the base of growing seedlings, build seedling canopy, seedling canopy be take 10m * 20m as a standard seedling canopy, by steel pipe support, makes somebody a mere figurehead, cover color for white, red or yellow film and cache-sex, wherein, grow seedlings and starting to grow 7～15 days, film and cache-sex interval are placed, keep seedling canopy temperature at 26～31 ℃, base height above sea level is 2600m, by the kind sub-rule in seedling dish put seedling canopy the inside, and seedling dish is watered for the first time and is irrigated, seeding stage is 8～9 days, and nursery stage is 45～50 days;
(4) the seedling management phase
Seedling can grow to 6～8 leaves for 15 days, during inferior, within 5～7 days, once water, at nursery stage, grow seedlings plant while being dark green plant, described plant is normal plant, when there is yellow plant, to spray liquid medicine to it, when Miao Panzhong has diseased plant, reject rapidly and seedling dish plant is sprayed to liquid medicine, liquid medicine by the carbendazim of 50～100g, the Blockbuster insecticide of the composite fertilizer of 50g, 20～35g and the water of 15kg be mixed, within 14～16 days, spray a liquid medicine, spraying seedlings growing area is 1 mu;
(5) fill the gaps with seedlings
When finding that Miao Panzhong grows seedlings plant necrosis, plant vacant locations in seedling dish is manually filled the gaps with seedlings, NaClO solution with 2.6～3.5% before filling the gaps with seedlings carries out disinfection 16～25 minutes to downright bad plant soil position, after filling the gaps with seedlings, in 1～3 day, sprays liquid medicine with insect-pest;
(6) seed selection is transplanted
In seedling canopy, grow seedlings before plantlet of transplant,, plant color 100% greeny grow seedlings plant vigorous by growing in seedling dish moves on to seedling canopy and within outdoor 2～3 days, carries out self-sow, can balled transplanting, and the root of growing seedlings is 15～30g with the earth of Miao Panzhong; Transplanting before 15 days will mobile seedling dish, cuts off the root system that Miao Panzhong grows seedlings with booth ground, increases and grows seedlings at the root system of Miao Panzhong; In this process, grow seedlings and can not be placed under complete cloudy environment, there is abundant illumination, the diseased plant of Miao Panzhong, should reject rapidly and seedling dish plant is sprayed to the liquid medicine processing of simultaneously filling the gaps with seedlings;
(7) selection of land plantation
Plant the base of growing seedlings and be selected in the plot that leeward, height above sea level is 3000～3200m on the sunny side, and agate coffee was not planted in 1 year in selected plot, P in soil H6.6～7.4, plantation soil will carry out the compaction treatment of turning over for 2 times 1 time, wherein, after turning over for the 1st time, it is the black mud that 5～10cm is dark that plane falls the degree of depth, before carrying out turning over for the 2nd time, at plane, fall native face after black mud and add sandy and stony soil that 5～10cm is dark and the mixed soil of agate coffee seedling composite substrate, its ratio is 3:1;
Then turn over carrying out the 2nd time, turn over for 2 times in the situation that weather is good, turn over and be exposed to the sun 2～3 days after native face is carried out compacting and manages moisture in the soil, the high 15cm of moisture in the soil face, long 10～15m, width is 90～100cm, to the moisture in the soil processing of killing virus, with diaphragm seal 7 days, the plantation of digging a hole above film is grown seedlings, parallelly on moisture in the soil face dig the seedling grow nest that 5～6 row's spacing are 15cm, wide 3～the 6cm of nest mouth, dark 8～the 12cm of nest, seedling raising and transplanting through outdoor processing is arrived to plantation nest the inside, between each moisture in the soil face, leave the drain ditch of wide 15～20cm, in drain ditch, be placed with the sparge pipe that spray radius is 50～60cm,
(8) management planting season
At the beginning of seedling raising and transplanting is mid-May to 7 month planting season, to planting the plant of growing seedlings in the ground, according to the weather condition draining of watering, every 3～4 days, check once, plant withered, that die of illness is eradicated and filled the gaps with seedlings, before filling the gaps with seedlings again to the nest of downright bad plant the sterilization of digging, the diameter of digging is 6～12cm, dark 8～10cm, and by the quicklime powder of 50g or the coal ash of 60g is sprinkled upon in the nest that will fill the gaps with seedlings, and fully stir with planting earth in nest, then the plant of growing seedlings of health is planted in the plantation nest after processing;
(9) results are reserved seed for planting the phase
Be that late November is to early December harvest time, when agate coffee plant color transfers that Huang fades, fleshy root fully expands to, base portion circle can collect when blunt, when collecting agate coffee, according to the color of agate coffee, choose that variety characteristic is outstanding, shape is neat, crust is bright and clean, fibrous root is few, fall cripetura, without damage by disease and insect, fruit, be that solid agate coffee is as kind of a strain.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: use agate coffee seedling grow method of the present invention, the output of agate coffee significantly improves, survival rate of seedling is also stabilized in higher level, no matter and to make agate coffee out of plantation be the agate coffee plant of growing seedlings, or the quality of the agate coffee fruit of planting out by this kind of method is all far superior to agate coffee seedling grow method of the prior art, the existing technique effect that horse card seedling grow method of the present invention experiment is obtained and the technique effect of existing agate coffee implantation methods are enumerated as following table.
By the contrast of above experimental group, can draw and adopt the application's the resulting agate coffee of technical scheme all superior and the resulting agate coffee of the prior art scheme plant of growing seedlings of plant of growing seedlings, especially in technical scheme of the present invention, adopted complex medium matter, make grow seedlings survival rate and the health status of plant of agate coffee obtain very high raising, simultaneously, agate coffee output and quality are all improved greatly, thereby the cost performance of the agate coffee that makes to use technical scheme of the present invention to plant out is also superior to the quality of existing agate coffee on market.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment one: a kind of agate coffee seedling grow method, is to follow these steps to carry out:
(1) seed treatment
Seedtime is 5～June, prior to seeding by the plant Maca seed of the yellow filtering out in advance, purple and black, the ratio that is 2:3:5 in the weight ratio of yellow, purple and black is mixed, by the agate coffee seed mixing in proportion through the mixotrophism water soaking of 30～45 ℃ 5～7 hours, wherein, described nutritive water comprises the mixotrophism liquid of (0.1～0.8) MS, (0.1～0.4) mg/L6-BA, (0.1～0.4) mg/LNAA and 25g/L sucrose; Soaked seed is carried out to airing, until the seed soaking does not stick together each other;
(2) manufacture seedling dish medium
Seedling dish size is set to 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, bottom surface is provided with equally distributed infiltration aperture, in seedling dish, be contained with the agate coffee seedling composite substrate of 3kg, agate coffee seedling composite substrate humidity is 70%, the mixing agate coffee seed of processing is divided uniformly to the agate coffee seedling composite substrate surface that is placed on Miao Panzhong, and each seedling dish is put 1000, seed, each seed spacing is 0.9cm, wherein, the preparation method of agate coffee seedling composite substrate comprises the following steps
(I) will cut no agate coffee leaf and tan by the sun in the sun 2～4 days, make its bone dry, mix other dry rotted leaf, and agate coffee leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 3:1, put into cracker and pulverize, and be mixing rotted leaf;
(II) got sheep excrement and added described mixing rotted leaf, and sheep excrement is 3:1 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio, adds appropriate fertilizer leavening simultaneously, and the quality of fertilizer leavening is total amount 5 ‰, ferments 5 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer;
(III) got mountain base soil and added composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground positive red, wherein in composite fertilizer, the content of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 15%, the positive red mass ratio in described Shan Jituyu composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:2.5:0.5, is and mixes mountain base soil;
(IV) described rotted leaf fertilizer after getting and having fermented adds in the base soil of described mixing mountain, crushing, stirring, and described rotted leaf fertilizer is 1:10 with the mass ratio of mixing mountain base soil, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium;
After (V) mixing finishes, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content 70%;
(VI) gets clay, in described clay, spray appropriate water, its water content is remained on more than 70%, it is the clay layer of 1 centimeter that institute's water content is organized into thickness at more than 70% clay, by the described compound seedling medium described thickness that tiles, be the clay layer of 1 centimeter, the tiling thickness of described seedling medium is 3 centimeters;
(3) seedling canopy is built
In the base of growing seedlings, build seedling canopy, seedling canopy be take 10m * 20m as a standard seedling canopy, by steel pipe support, makes somebody a mere figurehead, cover color for white, red or yellow film and cache-sex, wherein, grow seedlings and starting to grow 7～15 days, film and cache-sex interval are placed, keep seedling canopy temperature at 26～31 ℃, base height above sea level is 2600m, by the kind sub-rule in seedling dish put seedling canopy the inside, and seedling dish is watered for the first time and is irrigated, seeding stage is 8～9 days, and nursery stage is 45～50 days;
(4) the seedling management phase
Seedling can grow to 6～8 leaves for 15 days, during inferior, within 5 days, once water, at nursery stage, grow seedlings plant while being dark green plant, described plant is normal plant, when there is yellow plant, to spray liquid medicine to it, when Miao Panzhong has diseased plant, reject rapidly and seedling dish plant is sprayed to liquid medicine, liquid medicine by the carbendazim of 50～100g, the Blockbuster insecticide of the composite fertilizer of 50g, 20～35g and the water of 15kg be mixed, within 14～16 days, spray a liquid medicine, spraying seedlings growing area is 1 mu;
(5) fill the gaps with seedlings
When finding that Miao Panzhong grows seedlings plant necrosis, plant vacant locations in seedling dish is manually filled the gaps with seedlings, NaClO solution with 2.6～3.5% before filling the gaps with seedlings carries out disinfection 16～25 minutes to downright bad plant soil position, after filling the gaps with seedlings, in 1～3 day, sprays liquid medicine with insect-pest;
(6) seed selection is transplanted
In seedling canopy, grow seedlings before plantlet of transplant,, plant color 100% greeny grow seedlings plant vigorous by growing in seedling dish moves on to seedling canopy and within outdoor 2～3 days, carries out self-sow, can balled transplanting, and the root of growing seedlings is 15～30g with the earth of Miao Panzhong; Transplanting before 15 days will mobile seedling dish, cuts off the root system that Miao Panzhong grows seedlings with booth ground, increases and grows seedlings at the root system of Miao Panzhong; In this process, grow seedlings and can not be placed under complete cloudy environment, there is abundant illumination, the diseased plant of Miao Panzhong, should reject rapidly and seedling dish plant is sprayed to the liquid medicine processing of simultaneously filling the gaps with seedlings;
(7) selection of land plantation
Plant the base of growing seedlings and be selected in the plot that leeward, height above sea level is 3000～3200m on the sunny side, and agate coffee was not planted in 1 year in selected plot, P in soil H6.6～7.4, plantation soil will carry out the compaction treatment of turning over for 2 times 1 time, wherein, after turning over for the 1st time, it is the black mud that 5～10cm is dark that plane falls the degree of depth, before carrying out turning over for the 2nd time, at plane, fall native face after black mud and add sandy and stony soil that 10cm is dark and the mixed soil of agate coffee seedling composite substrate, its ratio is 3:1;
Then turn over carrying out the 2nd time, turn over for 2 times in the situation that weather is good, turn over and be exposed to the sun 2～3 days after native face is carried out compacting and manages moisture in the soil, the high 15cm of moisture in the soil face, long 15m, width is 100cm, to the moisture in the soil processing of killing virus, with diaphragm seal 7 days, the plantation of digging a hole above film is grown seedlings, parallelly on moisture in the soil face dig the seedling grow nest that 5 row's spacing are 15cm, the wide 3cm of nest mouth, the dark 8cm of nest, seedling raising and transplanting through outdoor processing is arrived to plantation nest the inside, between each moisture in the soil face, leave the drain ditch of wide 15cm, in drain ditch, be placed with the sparge pipe that spray radius is 50cm,
(8) management planting season
At the beginning of seedling raising and transplanting is mid-May to 7 month planting season, to planting the plant of growing seedlings in the ground, according to the weather condition draining of watering, every 3～4 days, check once, plant withered, that die of illness is eradicated and filled the gaps with seedlings, before filling the gaps with seedlings again to the nest of downright bad plant the sterilization of digging, the diameter of digging is 6cm, dark 8cm, and by the quicklime powder of 50g or the coal ash of 60g is sprinkled upon in the nest that will fill the gaps with seedlings, and fully stir with planting earth in nest, then the plant of growing seedlings of health is planted in the plantation nest after processing;
(9) results are reserved seed for planting the phase
Be that late November is to early December harvest time, when agate coffee plant color transfers that Huang fades, fleshy root fully expands to, base portion circle can collect when blunt, when collecting agate coffee, according to the color of agate coffee, choose that variety characteristic is outstanding, shape is neat, crust is bright and clean, fibrous root is few, fall cripetura, without damage by disease and insect, fruit, be that solid agate coffee is as kind of a strain.
Embodiment two: a kind of agate coffee seedling grow method, is to follow these steps to carry out:
(1) seed treatment
Seedtime is 5～June, prior to seeding by the plant Maca seed of the yellow filtering out in advance, purple and black, the ratio that is 2:3:5 in the weight ratio of yellow, purple and black is mixed, by the agate coffee seed mixing in proportion through the mixotrophism water soaking of 30～45 ℃ 5～7 hours, wherein, described nutritive water comprises the mixotrophism liquid of (0.1～0.8) MS, (0.1～0.4) mg/L6-BA, (0.1～0.4) mg/LNAA and 25g/L sucrose; Soaked seed is carried out to airing, until the seed soaking does not stick together each other;
(2) manufacture seedling dish medium
Seedling dish size is set to 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, bottom surface is provided with equally distributed infiltration aperture, in seedling dish, be contained with the agate coffee seedling composite substrate of 3kg, agate coffee seedling composite substrate humidity is 60%～70%, the mixing agate coffee seed of processing is divided uniformly to the agate coffee seedling composite substrate surface that is placed on Miao Panzhong, and each seedling dish is put 800, seed, each seed spacing is 0.8cm, wherein, the preparation method of agate coffee seedling composite substrate comprises the following steps
(I) will cut no agate coffee leaf and tan by the sun in the sun 2～4 days, make its bone dry, mix other dry rotted leaf, and agate coffee leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 2:1, put into cracker and pulverize, and be mixing rotted leaf;
(II) got sheep excrement and added described mixing rotted leaf, and sheep excrement is 1:1 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio, adds appropriate fertilizer leavening simultaneously, and the quality of fertilizer leavening is total amount 3 ‰, ferments 7 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer;
(III) got mountain base soil and added composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground positive red, wherein in composite fertilizer, the content of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 10%, the positive red mass ratio in described Shan Jituyu composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:1.5:0.5, is and mixes mountain base soil;
(IV) described rotted leaf fertilizer after getting and having fermented adds in the base soil of described mixing mountain, crushing, stirring, and described rotted leaf fertilizer is 1:10 with the mass ratio of mixing mountain base soil, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium;
After (V) mixing finishes, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content 60%;
(VI) gets clay, in described clay, spray appropriate water, its water content is remained on more than 60%, it is the clay layer of 2 centimeters that institute's water content is organized into thickness at more than 60% clay, by the described compound seedling medium described thickness that tiles, be the clay layer of 2 centimeters, the tiling thickness of described seedling medium is 6 centimeters;
(3) seedling canopy is built
In the base of growing seedlings, build seedling canopy, seedling canopy be take 10m * 20m as a standard seedling canopy, by steel pipe support, makes somebody a mere figurehead, cover color for white, red or yellow film and cache-sex, wherein, grow seedlings and starting to grow 7～15 days, film and cache-sex interval are placed, keep seedling canopy temperature at 26～31 ℃, base height above sea level is 2600m, by the kind sub-rule in seedling dish put seedling canopy the inside, and seedling dish is watered for the first time and is irrigated, seeding stage is 8～9 days, and nursery stage is 45～50 days;
(4) the seedling management phase
Seedling can grow to 6～8 leaves for 15 days, during inferior, within 5～7 days, once water, at nursery stage, grow seedlings plant while being dark green plant, described plant is normal plant, when there is yellow plant, to spray liquid medicine to it, when Miao Panzhong has diseased plant, reject rapidly and seedling dish plant is sprayed to liquid medicine, liquid medicine by the carbendazim of 50～100g, the Blockbuster insecticide of the composite fertilizer of 50g, 20～35g and the water of 15kg be mixed, within 14～16 days, spray a liquid medicine, spraying seedlings growing area is 1 mu;
(5) fill the gaps with seedlings
When finding that Miao Panzhong grows seedlings plant necrosis, plant vacant locations in seedling dish is manually filled the gaps with seedlings, NaClO solution with 2.6～3.5% before filling the gaps with seedlings carries out disinfection 16～25 minutes to downright bad plant soil position, after filling the gaps with seedlings, in 1～3 day, sprays liquid medicine with insect-pest;
(6) seed selection is transplanted
In seedling canopy, grow seedlings before plantlet of transplant,, plant color 100% greeny grow seedlings plant vigorous by growing in seedling dish moves on to seedling canopy and within outdoor 2～3 days, carries out self-sow, can balled transplanting, and the root of growing seedlings is 15～30g with the earth of Miao Panzhong; Transplanting before 15 days will mobile seedling dish, cuts off the root system that Miao Panzhong grows seedlings with booth ground, increases and grows seedlings at the root system of Miao Panzhong; In this process, grow seedlings and can not be placed under complete cloudy environment, there is abundant illumination, the diseased plant of Miao Panzhong, should reject rapidly and seedling dish plant is sprayed to the liquid medicine processing of simultaneously filling the gaps with seedlings;
(7) selection of land plantation
Plant the base of growing seedlings and be selected in the plot that leeward, height above sea level is 3000～3200m on the sunny side, and agate coffee was not planted in 1 year in selected plot, P in soil H6.6～7.4, plantation soil will carry out the compaction treatment of turning over for 2 times 1 time, wherein, after turning over for the 1st time, it is the black mud that 10cm is dark that plane falls the degree of depth, before carrying out turning over for the 2nd time, at plane, fall native face after black mud and add sandy and stony soil that 10cm is dark and the mixed soil of agate coffee seedling composite substrate, its ratio is 3:1;
Then turn over carrying out the 2nd time, turn over for 2 times in the situation that weather is good, turn over and be exposed to the sun 2～3 days after native face is carried out compacting and manages moisture in the soil, the high 15cm of moisture in the soil face, long 15m, width is 100cm, to the moisture in the soil processing of killing virus, with diaphragm seal 7 days, the plantation of digging a hole above film is grown seedlings, parallelly on moisture in the soil face dig the seedling grow nest that 6 row's spacing are 15cm, the wide 6cm of nest mouth, the dark 12cm of nest, seedling raising and transplanting through outdoor processing is arrived to plantation nest the inside, between each moisture in the soil face, leave the drain ditch of wide 20cm, in drain ditch, be placed with the sparge pipe that spray radius is 60cm,
(8) management planting season
At the beginning of seedling raising and transplanting is mid-May to 7 month planting season, to planting the plant of growing seedlings in the ground, according to the weather condition draining of watering, every 3～4 days, check once, plant withered, that die of illness is eradicated and filled the gaps with seedlings, before filling the gaps with seedlings again to the nest of downright bad plant the sterilization of digging, the diameter of digging is 6～12cm, dark 8～10cm, and by the quicklime powder of 50g or the coal ash of 60g is sprinkled upon in the nest that will fill the gaps with seedlings, and fully stir with planting earth in nest, then the plant of growing seedlings of health is planted in the plantation nest after processing;
(9) results are reserved seed for planting the phase
Be that late November is to early December harvest time, when agate coffee plant color transfers that Huang fades, fleshy root fully expands to, base portion circle can collect when blunt, when collecting agate coffee, according to the color of agate coffee, choose that variety characteristic is outstanding, shape is neat, crust is bright and clean, fibrous root is few, fall cripetura, without damage by disease and insect, fruit, be that solid agate coffee is as kind of a strain.
Embodiment tri-: a kind of agate coffee seedling grow method, is to follow these steps to carry out:
(1) seed treatment
Seedtime is 5～June, prior to seeding by the plant Maca seed of the yellow filtering out in advance, purple and black, the ratio that is 2:3:5 in the weight ratio of yellow, purple and black is mixed, by the agate coffee seed mixing in proportion through the mixotrophism water soaking of 30～45 ℃ 5～7 hours, wherein, described nutritive water comprises the mixotrophism liquid of (0.1～0.8) MS, (0.1～0.4) mg/L6-BA, (0.1～0.4) mg/LNAA and 25g/L sucrose; Soaked seed is carried out to airing, until the seed soaking does not stick together each other;
(2) manufacture seedling dish medium
Seedling dish size is set to 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, bottom surface is provided with equally distributed infiltration aperture, in seedling dish, be contained with the agate coffee seedling composite substrate of 3kg, agate coffee seedling composite substrate humidity is 60%～70%, the mixing agate coffee seed of processing is divided uniformly to the agate coffee seedling composite substrate surface that is placed on Miao Panzhong, and each seedling dish is put 900, seed, each seed spacing is 0.9cm, wherein, the preparation method of agate coffee seedling composite substrate comprises the following steps
(I) will cut no agate coffee leaf and tan by the sun in the sun 2～4 days, make its bone dry, mix other dry rotted leaf, and agate coffee leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 1.5:1, put into cracker and pulverize, and be mixing rotted leaf;
(II) got sheep excrement and added described mixing rotted leaf, and sheep excrement is 2:1 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio, adds appropriate fertilizer leavening simultaneously, and the quality of fertilizer leavening is total amount 4 ‰, ferments 6 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer;
(III) got mountain base soil and added composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground positive red, wherein in composite fertilizer, the content of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 13%, the positive red mass ratio in described Shan Jituyu composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:2:0.5, is and mixes mountain base soil;
(IV) described rotted leaf fertilizer after getting and having fermented adds in the base soil of described mixing mountain, crushing, stirring, and described rotted leaf fertilizer is 1:10 with the mass ratio of mixing mountain base soil, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium;
After (V) mixing finishes, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content 65%;
(VI) gets clay, in described clay, spray appropriate water, its water content is remained on more than 65%, it is the clay layer of 1.5 centimeters that institute's water content is organized into thickness at more than 65% clay, by the described compound seedling medium described thickness that tiles, be the clay layer of 1.5 centimeters, the tiling thickness of described seedling medium is 5 centimeters;
(3) seedling canopy is built
In the base of growing seedlings, build seedling canopy, seedling canopy be take 10m * 20m as a standard seedling canopy, by steel pipe support, makes somebody a mere figurehead, cover color for white, red or yellow film and cache-sex, wherein, grow seedlings and starting to grow 7～15 days, film and cache-sex interval are placed, keep seedling canopy temperature at 26～31 ℃, base height above sea level is 2600m, by the kind sub-rule in seedling dish put seedling canopy the inside, and seedling dish is watered for the first time and is irrigated, seeding stage is 8～9 days, and nursery stage is 45～50 days;
(4) the seedling management phase
Seedling can grow to 6～8 leaves for 15 days, during inferior, within 5～7 days, once water, at nursery stage, grow seedlings plant while being dark green plant, described plant is normal plant, when there is yellow plant, to spray liquid medicine to it, when Miao Panzhong has diseased plant, reject rapidly and seedling dish plant is sprayed to liquid medicine, liquid medicine by the carbendazim of 50～100g, the Blockbuster insecticide of the composite fertilizer of 50g, 20～35g and the water of 15kg be mixed, within 14～16 days, spray a liquid medicine, spraying seedlings growing area is 1 mu;
(5) fill the gaps with seedlings
When finding that Miao Panzhong grows seedlings plant necrosis, plant vacant locations in seedling dish is manually filled the gaps with seedlings, NaClO solution with 2.6～3.5% before filling the gaps with seedlings carries out disinfection 16～25 minutes to downright bad plant soil position, after filling the gaps with seedlings, in 1～3 day, sprays liquid medicine with insect-pest;
(6) seed selection is transplanted
In seedling canopy, grow seedlings before plantlet of transplant,, plant color 100% greeny grow seedlings plant vigorous by growing in seedling dish moves on to seedling canopy and within outdoor 2～3 days, carries out self-sow, can balled transplanting, and the root of growing seedlings is 15～30g with the earth of Miao Panzhong; Transplanting before 15 days will mobile seedling dish, cuts off the root system that Miao Panzhong grows seedlings with booth ground, increases and grows seedlings at the root system of Miao Panzhong; In this process, grow seedlings and can not be placed under complete cloudy environment, there is abundant illumination, the diseased plant of Miao Panzhong, should reject rapidly and seedling dish plant is sprayed to the liquid medicine processing of simultaneously filling the gaps with seedlings;
(7) selection of land plantation
Plant the base of growing seedlings and be selected in the plot that leeward, height above sea level is 3000～3200m on the sunny side, and agate coffee was not planted in 1 year in selected plot, P in soil H6.6～7.4, plantation soil will carry out the compaction treatment of turning over for 2 times 1 time, wherein, after turning over for the 1st time, it is the black mud that 5～10cm is dark that plane falls the degree of depth, before carrying out turning over for the 2nd time, at plane, fall native face after black mud and add sandy and stony soil that 5～10cm is dark and the mixed soil of agate coffee seedling composite substrate, its ratio is 3:1;
Then turn over carrying out the 2nd time, turn over for 2 times in the situation that weather is good, turn over and be exposed to the sun 2～3 days after native face is carried out compacting and manages moisture in the soil, the high 15cm of moisture in the soil face, long 12m, width is 95cm, to the moisture in the soil processing of killing virus, with diaphragm seal 7 days, the plantation of digging a hole above film is grown seedlings, parallelly on moisture in the soil face dig the seedling grow nest that 6 row's spacing are 15cm, the wide 5cm of nest mouth, the dark 10cm of nest, seedling raising and transplanting through outdoor processing is arrived to plantation nest the inside, between each moisture in the soil face, leave the drain ditch of wide 18cm, in drain ditch, be placed with the sparge pipe that spray radius is 55cm,
(8) management planting season
At the beginning of seedling raising and transplanting is mid-May to 7 month planting season, to planting the plant of growing seedlings in the ground, according to the weather condition draining of watering, every 3～4 days, check once, plant withered, that die of illness is eradicated and filled the gaps with seedlings, before filling the gaps with seedlings again to the nest of downright bad plant the sterilization of digging, the diameter of digging is 10cm, dark 9cm, and by the quicklime powder of 50g or the coal ash of 60g is sprinkled upon in the nest that will fill the gaps with seedlings, and fully stir with planting earth in nest, then the plant of growing seedlings of health is planted in the plantation nest after processing;
(9) results are reserved seed for planting the phase
Be that late November is to early December harvest time, when agate coffee plant color transfers that Huang fades, fleshy root fully expands to, base portion circle can collect when blunt, when collecting agate coffee, according to the color of agate coffee, choose that variety characteristic is outstanding, shape is neat, crust is bright and clean, fibrous root is few, fall cripetura, without damage by disease and insect, fruit, be that solid agate coffee is as kind of a strain.
Above the specific embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken possessing those of ordinary skills, can also under the prerequisite that does not depart from aim of the present invention, makes various variations.
Claims (1)
1. an agate coffee seedling grow method, is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
(1) seed treatment
Seedtime is 5～June, prior to seeding by the plant Maca seed of the yellow filtering out in advance, purple and black, the ratio that is 2:3:5 in the weight ratio of yellow, purple and black is mixed, by the agate coffee seed mixing in proportion through the mixotrophism water soaking of 30～45 ℃ 5～7 hours, wherein, described nutritive water comprises the mixotrophism liquid of (0.1～0.8) MS, (0.1～0.4) mg/L6-BA, (0.1～0.4) mg/LNAA and 25g/L sucrose; Soaked seed is carried out to airing, until the seed soaking does not stick together each other;
(2) manufacture seedling dish medium
Seedling dish size is set to 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, bottom surface is provided with equally distributed infiltration aperture, in seedling dish, be contained with the agate coffee seedling composite substrate of 3kg, agate coffee seedling composite substrate humidity is 60%～70%, the mixing agate coffee seed of processing is divided uniformly to the agate coffee seedling composite substrate surface that is placed on Miao Panzhong, and each seedling dish is put 800～1000, seed, each seed spacing is 0.8～0.9cm, wherein, the preparation method of agate coffee seedling composite substrate comprises the following steps
(I) will cut no agate coffee leaf and tan by the sun in the sun 2～4 days, make its bone dry, mix other dry rotted leaf, and agate coffee leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are (2～3): 1, and put into cracker and pulverize, be mixing rotted leaf;
(II) got sheep excrement and added described mixing rotted leaf, sheep excrement with mix rotted leaf mass ratio for (1～3): 1, add appropriate fertilizer leavening simultaneously, the quality of fertilizer leavening is total amount 3 ‰～5 ‰, ferments 5～7 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer;
(III) got mountain base soil and added composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground positive red, wherein in composite fertilizer, the content of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 10%～15%, the positive red mass ratio in described Shan Jituyu composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:(1.5～2.5): 0.5, be and mix mountain base soil;
(IV) described rotted leaf fertilizer after getting and having fermented adds in the base soil of described mixing mountain, crushing, stirring, and described rotted leaf fertilizer is 1:10 with the mass ratio of mixing mountain base soil, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium;
After (V) mixing finishes, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content between 60%～70%;
(VI) gets clay, in described clay, spray appropriate water, its water content is remained on more than 60%, it is the clay layer of 1～2 centimeter that institute's water content is organized into thickness at more than 60% clay, by the described compound seedling medium described thickness that tiles, be the clay layer of 1～2 centimeter, the tiling thickness of described seedling medium is 3～6 centimeters;
(3) seedling canopy is built
In the base of growing seedlings, build seedling canopy, seedling canopy be take 10m * 20m as a standard seedling canopy, by steel pipe support, makes somebody a mere figurehead, cover color for white, red or yellow film and cache-sex, wherein, grow seedlings and starting to grow 7～15 days, film and cache-sex interval are placed, keep seedling canopy temperature at 26～31 ℃, base height above sea level is 2600m, by the kind sub-rule in seedling dish put seedling canopy the inside, and seedling dish is watered for the first time and is irrigated, seeding stage is 8～9 days, and nursery stage is 45～50 days;
(4) the seedling management phase
Seedling can grow to 6～8 leaves for 15 days, during inferior, within 5～7 days, once water, at nursery stage, grow seedlings plant while being dark green plant, described plant is normal plant, when there is yellow plant, to spray liquid medicine to it, when Miao Panzhong has diseased plant, reject rapidly and seedling dish plant is sprayed to liquid medicine, liquid medicine by the carbendazim of 50～100g, the Blockbuster insecticide of the composite fertilizer of 50g, 20～35g and the water of 15kg be mixed, within 14～16 days, spray a liquid medicine, spraying seedlings growing area is 1 mu;
(5) fill the gaps with seedlings
When finding that Miao Panzhong grows seedlings plant necrosis, plant vacant locations in seedling dish is manually filled the gaps with seedlings, NaClO solution with 2.6～3.5% before filling the gaps with seedlings carries out disinfection 16～25 minutes to downright bad plant soil position, after filling the gaps with seedlings, in 1～3 day, sprays liquid medicine with insect-pest;
(6) seed selection is transplanted
In seedling canopy, grow seedlings before plantlet of transplant,, plant color 100% greeny grow seedlings plant vigorous by growing in seedling dish moves on to seedling canopy and within outdoor 2～3 days, carries out self-sow, can balled transplanting, and the root of growing seedlings is 15～30g with the earth of Miao Panzhong; Transplanting before 15 days will mobile seedling dish, cuts off the root system that Miao Panzhong grows seedlings with booth ground, increases and grows seedlings at the root system of Miao Panzhong; In this process, grow seedlings and can not be placed under complete cloudy environment, there is abundant illumination, the diseased plant of Miao Panzhong, should reject rapidly and seedling dish plant is sprayed to the liquid medicine processing of simultaneously filling the gaps with seedlings;
(7) selection of land plantation
Plant the base of growing seedlings and be selected in the plot that leeward, height above sea level is 3000～3200m on the sunny side, and agate coffee was not planted in 1 year in selected plot, P in soil H6.6～7.4, plantation soil will carry out the compaction treatment of turning over for 2 times 1 time, wherein, after turning over for the 1st time, it is the black mud that 5～10cm is dark that plane falls the degree of depth, before carrying out turning over for the 2nd time, at plane, fall native face after black mud and add sandy and stony soil that 5～10cm is dark and the mixed soil of agate coffee seedling composite substrate, its ratio is 3:1;
Then turn over carrying out the 2nd time, turn over for 2 times in the situation that weather is good, turn over and be exposed to the sun 2～3 days after native face is carried out compacting and manages moisture in the soil, the high 15cm of moisture in the soil face, long 10～15m, width is 90～100cm, to the moisture in the soil processing of killing virus, with diaphragm seal 7 days, the plantation of digging a hole above film is grown seedlings, parallelly on moisture in the soil face dig the seedling grow nest that 5～6 row's spacing are 15cm, wide 3～the 6cm of nest mouth, dark 8～the 12cm of nest, seedling raising and transplanting through outdoor processing is arrived to plantation nest the inside, between each moisture in the soil face, leave the drain ditch of wide 15～20cm, in drain ditch, be placed with the sparge pipe that spray radius is 50～60cm,
(8) management planting season
At the beginning of seedling raising and transplanting is mid-May to 7 month planting season, to planting the plant of growing seedlings in the ground, according to the weather condition draining of watering, every 3～4 days, check once, plant withered, that die of illness is eradicated and filled the gaps with seedlings, before filling the gaps with seedlings again to the nest of downright bad plant the sterilization of digging, the diameter of digging is 6～12cm, dark 8～10cm, and by the quicklime powder of 50g or the coal ash of 60g is sprinkled upon in the nest that will fill the gaps with seedlings, and fully stir with planting earth in nest, then the plant of growing seedlings of health is planted in the plantation nest after processing;
(9) results are reserved seed for planting the phase
Be that late November is to early December harvest time, when agate coffee plant color transfers that Huang fades, fleshy root fully expands to, base portion circle can collect when blunt, when collecting agate coffee, according to the color of agate coffee, choose that variety characteristic is outstanding, shape is neat, crust is bright and clean, fibrous root is few, fall cripetura, without damage by disease and insect, fruit, be that solid agate coffee is as kind of a strain.
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| CN105766524A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-20 | 广西玉林市农友中草药种植有限公司 | Seedling raising method of Xiangsha trees |
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