CN104584853A - Planting method for maca - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for maca. The planting method comprises the processes of seedling-growing base soil preparation, water culture nursery, large-field base fertilizer sterilization, swollen fruit harvesting and the like. Seedling-growing substrate nutrient soil is prepared by selecting peat, horticultural vermiculite and perlite, adding cattle and sheep manure and humic acid fertilizers, and performing sterilization and fermentation by bacillus subtilis powder in a low-altitude climatic environment according to a growth mechanism of the maca; in a seedling-growing link, common upland nursery is changed to the water culture nursery, and immersion depth of a seeding tray is controlled to keep the seedling-growing substrate nutrient soil wet; pathogenic bacteria are killed by adopting characteristics of broad spectrum, high efficiency and long effect of food-grade hydrogen peroxide, so that the maca is guaranteed not to be harmed by the pathogenic bacteria in the whole growth process; during a nursery stage, root system growth of seedlings is promoted through secondary seedling trimming, so that loose and vulnerable states of roots and stems of the maca are changed and the adaptability to environment, weather and pest and disease damage is improved; during a swollen fruit harvesting stage, rhizomorphous tuber swelling of the maca is promoted by core pinching and defoliation before harvesting, so that the active ingredient content of the maca is increased and both yield and income are increased.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of agate coffee

Technical field

the present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, particularly a kind of implantation methods of less than 2000 meters low altitude area agate coffees.

Background technology

Agate coffee (Maca), have another name called Peruvian ginseng, maka, maca-maca, maino, ayak chichira, ayak willku etc., originate in the mountain area, Andean, South America of height above sea level 3500 ~ 4500 meters, mainly being distributed in now in the middle part of Peru and region, the Peru southeast, is Cruciferae (Cruciferae) Lepidium (Lepidium) plant.Agate coffee needs special natural environment and climate.It requires height above sea level more than 4000 meters, and the weather temperature difference is large, and soil is fertile, and day and night the temperature difference reaches more than 40 degree, and after planting an agate coffee, soil will recuperate more than 7 years in order to recover fertility, otherwise soil can not be cultivated.Because agate coffee institute growth conditions is very special, plant and be implanted with very large difficulty.Although the U.S. and Japan successful introduction, that is mainly main purpose with scientific research, the agate coffee that wherein content of effective ingredient is more original than Peru is low.Current agate coffee is in Chinese yunnan, and there is plantation on the ground such as Xinjiang, and because it is by the impact of environment, weather, elevation, soil etc., the agate coffee component content that various places are planted is also different, and the agate coffee nutritive value of Lijing Yulong Xueshan is the highest.Application Number (patent): CN201310703896.5 agate coffee implantation methods, discloses the agate coffee implantation methods of height above sea level 2800 ~ 3300 meters.Agate coffee plantation at present lower than height above sea level 2000 meters have not been reported, and the agate coffee plantation therefore lower than height above sea level 2000 meters is the research puzzle that current agate coffee is planted.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of less than 2000 meters low altitude area agate coffees.

Method of the present invention comprises the operations such as the preparation of nursery base soil, water planting nursery, land for growing field crops base fertilizer sterilizing and strong fruit results:

1), grow seedling nutritional base soil preparation: a, select seedling medium, composition is peat, gardening vermiculite, Zhu Yan, is 5 ︰ 2.5 ︰ 2.5 by volume; B, add cattle and sheep excrement again, every 1000kg seedling medium adds cattle and sheep excrement 300-500kg and mixes; C, add humic acid fertilizer again, humic acid fertilizer selects the former powder of humic acid, organic (butt meter) >=90.0%, humic acid (butt meter) >=62.0%, pH 4.0-6.0, addition: every 1000kg seedling medium adds the former powder 200-300kg of humic acid, mixes; D, add bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus subtilis powder addition: every 1000kg seedling medium adds bacillus subtilis powder 0.02-0.5kg, dissolves in 100-200L water and sprays; E, with agricultural film cover stack, 15-35 DEG C place 5-8 days, make grow seedling nutritional base soil;

2), water planting nursery: load nursery and become thoroughly decomposed the grow seedling nutritional base soil of fermentation in seedling dish, vibration tamp, strikes off too much on seedling dish grow seedling nutritional base soil; Length and width 40-60cm × 80-120cm selected by seedling dish, and seedling disk point number 200-300, the dark 5-6cm in cave, has the seedling dish of bottom outlet; Each seedling Pi of seedling dish sows 1-3 grain, on seedling dish seedling Pi, then covers the thick grow seedling nutritional base soil of one deck 0.2-0.5cm, be placed in booth in pond, pond depth of water 2-3 cm by seedling dish; Adding concentration in water in every mu of pond is 30% edible hydrogen peroxide 1-3L; Booth day temperature remains on 20-28 DEG C, and night temperatures remains on 18-22 DEG C, and humidity is 60-80%; Carry out first time when seedling leaf grows to 5-6cm and cut seedling, the pond depth of water was transferred to below 1cm in first 2 days cutting seedling, level cuts off Miao Ye top three/part, no seedling injury bud heart, to cut after seedling 3 days, recovers pond depth of water 2-3 cm; Carry out second time when seedling leaf grows to 8-10cm and cut seedling, the pond depth of water was transferred to below 1cm in first 2 days cutting seedling, level cuts off Miao Ye top three/part, no seedling injury bud heart, to cut after seedling 3 days, recover pond depth of water 2-3 cm, keeps band grow seedling nutritional base soil mud cultivation of emerging after 3-5 days;

3), land for growing field crops base fertilizer sterilizing: transplant land for growing field crops and select in the Hills of height above sea level 600-2000 rice, soil pH value is 5.5-7.5, carry out turning over for twice to land for growing field crops before transplanting, on September, the middle ten days carries out first time and ploughs deeply and tan by the sun, late September, early October turn over for the second time, second time is turned over first every mu and is applied humic acid former powder 300-400kg, apply 500-1000kg well-rotted farmyard manure and 30% edible hydrogen peroxide dilution 100-200 doubly after solution 100-150L mix;

4), strong fruit results: 3-4 month in the coming year is harvest time, and excavate front 5-8 days and pinch core and beat leaf, pinch main core, limit leaf destroys 1/2nd, promotes the swollen fruit of root shape stem tuber.

With the low altitude area plantation agate coffee of method of the present invention below 2000 meters, effective component content is high, and output is high.After testing, indices is all higher than the agate coffee of other local plantations of China.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

Adopt the process links such as the preparation of grow seedling nutritional base soil, water planting nursery, land for growing field crops base fertilizer sterilizing and strong fruit results to implement according to method of the present invention:

1), grow seedling nutritional base soil preparation: a, select seedling medium, composition is peat, gardening vermiculite, Zhu Yan, is 5 ︰ 2.5 ︰ 2.5 by volume; B, add cattle and sheep excrement again, every 1000kg seedling medium adds cattle and sheep excrement 500kg and mixes; C, add humic acid fertilizer again, humic acid fertilizer selects the former powder of humic acid, organic (butt meter) >=90.0%, humic acid (butt meter) >=62.0%, pH 4.0-6.0, addition: every 1000kg seedling medium adds the former powder 300kg of humic acid, mixes; D, add bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus subtilis powder addition: every 1000kg seedling medium adds bacillus subtilis powder 0.2kg, dissolves in 100L water and sprays; E, with agricultural film cover stack, 15-35 DEG C place 6 days, make grow seedling nutritional base soil;

2), water planting nursery: load nursery and become thoroughly decomposed the seedling culture matrix nutrition soil of fermentation in seedling dish, vibration tamp, strikes off too much above seedling dish grow seedling nutritional base soil; Length and width 50cm × 100cm selected by seedling dish, seedling disk point number 200, and the dark 6cm in cave has the seedling dish of bottom outlet; Each seedling Pi of seedling dish sows 1-3 grain, on seedling dish seedling Pi, then covers the grow seedling nutritional base soil that one deck 0.2cm is thick, be placed on by seedling dish in the pond in booth, the pond depth of water 3 cm; Water in every mu of pond adds the hydrogen peroxide 1-3L that concentration is 30% food-grade; In booth, day temperature remains on 20-28 DEG C, and night temperatures remains on 18-22 DEG C, and humidity is 60-80%; 7-10 days start to emerge, and carry out first time cut seedling when seedling leaf grows to 5-6cm, to reduce in pond the depth of water to below 1cm cutting first 2 days of seedling, cutting seedling adopts machine to cut, and level cuts off Miao Ye top three/part, no seedling injury bud heart, to cut after seedling 3 days, recover the pond depth of water 3 cm; Carry out second time when seedling leaf grows to 8-10cm and cut seedling, reduce in pond that the depth of water is to below 1cm cutting first 2 days of seedling, level cuts off Miao Ye top three/part, no seedling injury bud heart, to cut after seedling 3 days, recover the pond depth of water 3 cm, keeps band grow seedling nutritional base soil mud cultivation of emerging after 3-5 days;

3), land for growing field crops base fertilizer sterilizing: transplant land for growing field crops and select 100 mu, the Hills of height above sea level 600-800 rice, soil pH value is 5.5-7.5, carry out turning over for twice to land for growing field crops before transplanting, on September, the middle ten days carries out first time and ploughs deeply and tan by the sun, late September, early October turn over for the second time, second time is turned over first every mu and is applied humic acid former powder 400kg, and the solution 100L after the edible hydrogen peroxide applying 30% dilutes 100 times mixes with 1000kg well-rotted farmyard manure;

4), strong fruit results: 3-4 month in the coming year is harvest time, and excavate front 5-8 days and pinch core and beat leaf, pinch main core, limit leaf destroys 1/2nd, promotes the swollen fruit of root shape stem tuber.

The implantation methods of a kind of agate coffee of the present invention, according to the growth mechanism of agate coffee, under the climatic environment of low altitude area, adding cattle and sheep excrement by selecting peat, gardening vermiculite, perlite, adding humic acid fertilizer and with the fermentation of bacillus subtilis powder sterilization treatment, making seedling culture matrix nutrition soil; Changing common upland nursery in nursery link is water planting nursery, controls the draft of seedling dish, keeps the moistening of seedling culture matrix nutrition soil; Under the environment of moistening humidity, adopt wide spectrum, efficient, the long-acting sterilization feature killing pathogenic bacteria of the hydrogen peroxide of food-grade, ensure that agate coffee does not endanger by germ in whole process of growth; Cut seedling at nursery stage through secondary, promote the root growth of seedling, the rhizome changing agate coffee is loose, fragile state, strengthen the adaptive capacity of response environment, weather and damage by disease and insect; In harvest time, beating leaf by excavating a front core of pinching, promoting the swollen fruit of agate coffee root shape stem tuber, improving the active ingredient of agate coffee, reach the object of increasing both production and income.According to the agate coffee of the present invention's plantation, detect through Sino-South African Forestry University of Science and Technology's Life Science and Technology institute Biotechnology Experiment room, and Institute of Analysis of Hunan Province is detected, indices is all higher than the agate coffee of other local plantations of China." examining report " its principle active component that Institute of Analysis of Hunan Province provides is macamide and agate coffee alkene total amount 0.61%, total amino acid content 15.02%, carbohydrate 52.6, it is macamide 0.53 that data are detected in Sino-South African Forestry University of Science and Technology's Life Science and Technology institute Biotechnology Experiment room, agate coffee alkene 0., 07 %, macamide kind has 9 kinds, alkaloid 2.38%, " Huayuan agate coffee main nutrient composition and analysis of effective component the are reported " " conclusion: the agate coffee of training is carried in Huayuan provided, its main nutrient composition and active ingredient and Peru's agate coffee are without essential distinction, not only be rich in protein, dietary fiber, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, VC, Ca, Fe, the nutritional benefit elements such as Ze, and containing macamide, the active ingredients such as agate coffee alkene and alkaloid, especially macamide kind reaches 9 kinds, macamide and agate coffee alkene total amount 0.60%, there is good value of exploiting and utilizing and prospect.”

Claims (1)

1. an implantation methods for agate coffee, comprises the operations such as the preparation of nursery base soil, water planting nursery, land for growing field crops base fertilizer sterilizing and strong fruit results, it is characterized in that each operation concrete steps are as follows:

1), grow seedling nutritional base soil preparation: a, select seedling medium, composition is peat, gardening vermiculite, Zhu Yan, is 5 ︰ 2.5 ︰ 2.5 by volume; B, add cattle and sheep excrement again, every 1000kg seedling medium adds cattle and sheep excrement 300-500kg and mixes; C, add humic acid fertilizer again, humic acid fertilizer selects the former powder of humic acid, organic (butt meter) >=90.0%, humic acid (butt meter) >=62.0%, pH 4.0-6.0, and every 1000kg seedling medium adds the former powder 200-300kg of humic acid and mixes; D, add bacillus subtilis powder, every 1000kg seedling medium adds bacillus subtilis powder 0.02-0.5kg, dissolves in 100-200L water and sprays; E, with agricultural film cover stack, 15-35 DEG C place 5-8 days, make grow seedling nutritional base soil;

2), water planting nursery: load nursery and become thoroughly decomposed the grow seedling nutritional base soil of fermentation in seedling dish, vibration tamp, strikes off too much on seedling dish grow seedling nutritional base soil; Length and width 40-60cm × 80-120cm selected by seedling dish, and seedling disk point number 200-300, the dark 5-6cm in cave, has the seedling dish of bottom outlet; Each seedling Pi of seedling dish sows 1-3 grain, on seedling dish seedling Pi, then covers the thick grow seedling nutritional base soil of one deck 0.2-0.5cm, be placed in booth in pond, pond depth of water 2-3 cm by seedling dish; Adding concentration in water in every mu of pond is 30% edible hydrogen peroxide 1-3L; Booth day temperature remains on 20-28 DEG C, and night temperatures remains on 18-22 DEG C, and humidity is 60-80%; Carry out first time when seedling leaf grows to 5-6cm and cut seedling, the pond depth of water was transferred to below 1cm in first 2 days cutting seedling, level cuts off Miao Ye top three/part, no seedling injury bud heart, to cut after seedling 3 days, recovers pond depth of water 2-3 cm; Carry out second time when seedling leaf grows to 8-10cm and cut seedling, the pond depth of water was transferred to below 1cm in first 2 days cutting seedling, level cuts off Miao Ye top three/part, no seedling injury bud heart, to cut after seedling 3 days, recover pond depth of water 2-3 cm, keeps band grow seedling nutritional base soil mud cultivation of emerging after 3-5 days;

3), land for growing field crops base fertilizer sterilizing: transplant land for growing field crops and select in the Hills of height above sea level 600-2000 rice, soil pH value is 5.5-7.5, carry out turning over for twice to land for growing field crops before transplanting, on September, the middle ten days carries out first time and ploughs deeply and tan by the sun, late September, early October turn over for the second time, second time is turned over first every mu and is applied humic acid former powder 300-400kg, apply 500-1000kg well-rotted farmyard manure and 30% edible hydrogen peroxide dilution 100-200 doubly after solution 100-150L mix;

4), strong fruit results: 3-4 month in the coming year is harvest time, and excavate front 5-8 days and pinch core and beat leaf, pinch main core, limit leaf destroys 1/2nd, promotes the swollen fruit of root shape stem tuber.