CN104221664B - A kind of maca normalized planting method - Google Patents
A kind of maca normalized planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104221664B CN104221664B CN201410423796.1A CN201410423796A CN104221664B CN 104221664 B CN104221664 B CN 104221664B CN 201410423796 A CN201410423796 A CN 201410423796A CN 104221664 B CN104221664 B CN 104221664B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of maca planting technology field.The method is mainly realized by processes such as breeding, nursery, field plantings, use the maca normalized planting method of the present invention, make the maca whether maca nursery plant planting out, or the quality passing through the maca fruit that this kind of method is planted out is all far superior to maca nursery implantation methods of the prior art so that the survival rate of maca plant, maca dry plate nutritional labeling that the method plants out have all exceeded the maca dry plate that the existing implantation methods of Peru and Yunnan is obtained.This normalization method, simple, it is easy to operation, can improve maca per mu yield, thus the enterprise for plant maca brings efficient economic well-being of workers and staff.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technical field, especially a kind of maca normalized planting method.
Background technology
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) English is commonly called as MACA, originates in South America Peru height above sea level 3500-4000 meter ampere the
This mountain area, annual herb plant, containing multiple nutritional components and multiple natural plant active component, it is not only nutritious
Food, also has raising immunity, the property improved function, regulation endocrine and antifatigue, the drug effect such as anti-oxidant, antitumor, is praised
For " Peru's national treasure ".The natural conditions of maca growth are the harshest and unique, lean under low humidity, high wind, round the clock 40 degree of temperature difference
Poor soil can be survived on the ground, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, flood fighting is flooded, is described as rare excellent species by International Plant educational circles expert.
Maca, rich in 55 kinds of natural nutrients, need not add any chemical additive when being processed into product.Maca alkene and agate
Coffee acid amides is the distinct elements in maca, is the core substance realizing maca effect, and it is unusual to bring to humans and animals
Vigor.Maca major function is: can regulate the most comprehensively, naturally improve the internal system of people, including active cell,
Recover physical efficiency, excite mental, resist oxidation, pre-anti-cancer, suppress glucose in urine, stabilize blood pressure, delay body aging, raising hormone
Level, enhancing human immunity, gentle promotion property function, alleviation climacteric metancholia etc..Toxicological study for many years is it was found that eat
By maca completely without side effect.Maca has become one of the most powerful salable ten big health products.In maca plays
Secretion " adjuster " effect, is described as hormone " engine ", healthy " golden key ", " life of clear-cutting forestland human internal organ function
Thing instrument ".These special genes that maca is had and effect, have been obtained for the extensive note of international medical community, and pass is nature
Health, health care and health medical treatment and the rare valuable source of related industry.Exclusive biological characteristic determines it and has the highest
Development volue and the application prospect of deep broadness.Excavate, protect, pass on maca culture, develop, help, guide maca to industry
Change development, pull industry by culture, to benefiting the common people, benefit nationality, promote the well-being of mankind, obtain huge social benefit and economic effect
Benefit has great significance and profound influence.
Maca originates in mountain area, height above sea level 3500～4000km Andean, South America, for crucifer.Maca contains albumen
Matter, amino acid, polysaccharide, vitamin, mineral matter, trace element and maca alkene, macamide, mustard oil, alkaloid etc. are multiple
Natural plant active component, maca is possible not only to eat, and divides in having raising immunity of organisms, the property improved function, regulation
Secrete, antifatigue, the health-care efficacy such as anti-oxidant, antitumor, enjoy consumers.In recent years, the food produced with maca for raw material
The fashionable worlds of product such as product, health liquor, fine maca tablets, Maca capsule, become one of the whole world ten big situation of selling well health products.
And maca product is being introduced to the market in sale, there is also problems, such as in present stage, due to maca kind
Planting technology is also standardized, and can only select High aititude plantation maca against traditional approach, height above sea level typically 2800～
4500m, height above sea level more high yield maca fruit quality out is the best, but in existing maca planting technology, maca fine-variety breeding
And variety rejuvenation work is delayed, kind source sources is more, and variet complexity, in production, shortage promotes mainly breeding.Train at seedling
Educating aspect and lack seedling quality standard, during seedling fostering, seed quality is not tight to check on, and seedling-raising technique is lack of standardization, cause seedling
Second-rate, these all will have impact on maca standardization production and the yield of maca and quality；Next to that planting area does not close
Reason planning manages not science, lack of standardization in optimum planting area, field production, causes production cost to improve, yields poorly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve that prior art plantation the maca lack of standard existed and the maca nursery cultivated survive
The technological deficiencies such as rate is low, low, the poor quality of maca fruit yield, it is provided that one can improve maca survival rate of seedling, ensure maca
Yield, improve maca simultaneously and reserve seed for planting the maca normalized planting method of quality, use this method maca normalized planting method to carry
Gao Maka nursery, maca survival rate of plant so that maca fruit yield increases, fruit quality promotes, and the agate cultivated
Coffee seedling, maca fruit quality well, have abundant nutritive value relative to using other maca nursery implantation methods.
The technical scheme is that a kind of maca normalized planting method, be to follow these steps to carry out:
(1) breeding
() breeding time
Select quality and reach the mellow and full full maca fruit of 50g～70g as kind of a fruit, at height above sea level 3000-at the beginning of annual 3 months
Under maca kind fruit is planted by the field of 3300 meters；
The breeding of () selection of land
Big Tanaka, plane digs out the plantation hole that the degree of depth is 8 centimetres～10 centimetres, is respectively separated 30 up and down in plantation hole
Centimetre, plane digs 8 centimetres～10 centimetres of deep plantation holes respectively；Kind of a fruit is planted in described plantation hole, according to soil regime, 2～3
It once waters, and within 5～6 days, carries out single-dose application, needs carry out weeding every day, waters, applies fertilizer, weeding activity circulates always
Carry out；Within 55～60 days, seedling can be grown, be the seeding stage；
() is reserved seed for planting
The seed not growing seedling in the described seeding stage digs out in time, will have rotten, bad root or the seedling of infested situation
Dig out in time, in plantation hole, add quick lime or stove ash carries out disinfection, plant into new kind fruit simultaneously；By on maca plant branch
The maca seed scissors having grown maturation is cut, and immature maca plant branch continues to allow it grow, and will cut
Branch put and dry in the cool, then with hand, the maca seed in spore is rubbed out, chooses that particle is big, good luster and full kind
Son is as the cultivation seed of maca nursery, and placement preserves in the cool；
(2) nursery
Seedtime is 5～June, prior to seeding by the plant Maca kind of the yellow filtered out in advance, purple and black
Son, is mixed in the ratio that weight ratio is 2:3:5 of yellow, purple and black, the maca seed warp that will mix in proportion
Cross the mixotrophism water soaking 5 of 30～45 DEG C～7 hours, wherein, described nutritive water include (0.1～0.8) MS, (0.1～
0.4) mg/L6 BA, the mixotrophism liquid of (0.1～0.4) mg/LNAA and 25g/L sucrose；Soaked seed is dried in the air
Shine, until the seed soaked is not bonded to together each other；
Seedling dish is dimensioned to 30cm × 30cm × 5cm, bottom surface is provided with equally distributed infiltration aperture, holds in seedling dish
Having the maca seedling composite substrate of 3kg, maca seedling composite substrate humidity is 60%～70%, the mixing maca seed that will process
The uniform point of maca seedling composite substrate surface being placed on Miao Panzhong, and each seedling dish puts seed 800～1000, each kind
Sub-spacing is 0.8～0.9cm, and wherein, the preparation method of maca seedling composite substrate comprises the following steps,
() will cut no maca leaf and tan by the sun 2～4 days in the sun so that it is is completely dried, and mix other and be dried corruption
Leaf, maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are (2～3): 1, put into pulverizer and pulverize, are mixing rotted leaf；
() takes sheep excrement and adds described mixing rotted leaf, and sheep excrement is (1～3) with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio: 1, is simultaneously introduced
Appropriate fertilizer leavening, the quality of fertilizer leavening is the 3 ‰～5 ‰ of total amount, ferments 5～7 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer；
() takes mountain base soil to add composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground positive red, wherein the containing of N P and K in composite fertilizer
Amount is 10%～15%, and described mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:
(1.5～2.5): 0.5, are mixing mountain base soil；
() takes the described rotted leaf fertilizer after having fermented and adds in the base soil of described mixing mountain, crushing, stirring, described corruption
Leaf fertilizer is 1:10 with the mass ratio mixing mountain base soil, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium；
After () mixing terminates, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content to exist
Between 60%～70%；
() takes clay, sprays appropriate water so that it is water content is maintained at more than 60% in described clay, by aqueous for institute
Amount clay more than 60% is organized into the clay layer that thickness is 1～2 centimeter, and tile described thickness by described compound seedling medium
Degree is the clay layer of 1～2 centimeter, and the tiling thickness of described seedling medium is 3～6 centimeters；
Build seedling canopy in nursery base, seedling canopy is a standard seedling canopy with 10m × 20m, is maked somebody a mere figurehead by steel pipe support, covers
Color is white, the red or film of yellow and cache-sex, and wherein, nursery is starting to grow 7～15 days, by film and cache-sex
Be spaced apart, keep seedling canopy temperature at 26～31 DEG C, base height above sea level is 2600m, by seedling dish plant sub-rule put seedling
Inside canopy, and carrying out seedling dish watering and irrigating for the first time, the seeding stage is 8～9 days, and nursery stage is 45～50 days；
Seedling can grow to 6～8 leaves for 15 days, in secondary period, within 5～7 days, once waters, plants in nursery stage nursery
When strain is dark green plant, described plant is normal plant, to carry out spraying liquid medicine, when seedling dish to it when there is yellow plant
In when having diseased plant, then reject rapidly and seedling dish plant sprayed liquid medicine, liquid medicine by 50～100g carbendazim, the composite fertilizer of 50g,
The Blockbuster insecticide of 20～35g and the water of 15kg are mixed, and within 14～16 days, spray a liquid medicine, and spraying seedlings growing area is 1
Mu；
When finding nursery plant necrosis in seedling dish, plant vacant locations in seedling dish is manually filled the gaps with seedlings, use before filling the gaps with seedlings
2.6～3.5% NaClO solution downright bad plant soil locations is carried out disinfection 16～25 minutes, sprayed in 1～3 day after filling the gaps with seedlings
Spill liquid medicine with insect-pest；
(3) field planting
In seedling canopy before nursery plantlet of transplant, seedling dish will grow vigorous, plant color 100% greeny nursery plant shifting
To seedling canopy outdoor within 2～3 days, carry out nature growth, can balled transplanting, nursery root is 15～30g with the earth of Miao Panzhong；
Seedling dish to be moved before transplanting 15 days, cuts off nursery and the root system on booth ground in seedling dish, increases the nursery root system at Miao Panzhong；At this
During, nursery can not be placed under complete cloudy environment, will have abundant illumination, and the diseased plant of Miao Panzhong should be rejected rapidly and to seedling dish
Plant is sprayed liquid medicine and carries out process of filling the gaps with seedlings simultaneously；
Plantation nursery base is selected in the plot that the most leeward, height above sea level is 3000～3200m, and selected plot did not had in 1 year
Planting maca, P in soil H6.6～7.4, plantation soil to carry out 1 compaction treatment of turning over 2 times, after wherein turning at the 1st time,
It is 5～10cm deep black muds that plane falls the degree of depth, and before carrying out the 2nd time turning over, 5～10cm deep sand are added in the native face after plane falls black mud
Stone soil and the mixed soil of maca seedling composite substrate, its ratio is 3:1；
Then turn over carrying out the 2nd time, turn over for 2 times after turning over and carry out to be exposed to the sun 2～3 days in the case of weather is good to soil
Face carries out being compacted and carry out manage moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil face height 15cm, length 10～15m, and width is 90～100cm, and moisture in the soil carries out virus killing process, uses
Diaphragm seal 7 days, plantation nursery of digging a hole above film, the nursery that 5～6 trestle column are 15cm of digging parallel on moisture in the soil face is planted
Nest, nest mouth wide 3～6cm, nest deep 8～12cm, inside the culturing and transplanting seedlings that processed through outdoor to plantation nest, stays between each moisture in the soil face
There is the gutter of wide 15～20cm, in gutter, be placed with the sparge pipe that spray radius is 50～60cm；
Culturing and transplanting seedlings be planting season mid-May at the beginning of 7 months, to the nursery plant planted in the ground, according to weather feelings
Condition is watered draining, checked once every 3～4 days, plant withered, that die of illness is eradicated and filled the gaps with seedlings, weight before filling the gaps with seedlings
Newly the nest to downright bad plant is digged sterilization, digs a diameter of 6～12cm, deep 8～10cm, and by the calcium lime powder of 50g or
It is that the coal ash of 60g is sprinkled upon in the nest that will fill the gaps with seedlings, and is sufficiently stirred for earth in plantation nest, then by healthy nursery plant plantation
In plantation nest after treatment；
Harvest time is late November to early December, fades when maca plant color transfers Huang to, fleshy root fully expands, base
Portion's circle can be collected time blunt, while collecting maca, chooses according to the color of maca that variety characteristic is prominent, shape is whole
Together, crust is bright and clean, fibrous root is few, fall cripetura, be that solid maca is as kind of a strain without pest and disease damage, fruit.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: using the maca normalized planting method of the present invention, the yield of maca significantly improves,
Survival rate of seedling is also stabilized in higher level, and makes the maca whether maca nursery plant planting out, still passes through
The quality of the maca fruit that this kind of method is planted out is all far superior to maca nursery implantation methods of the prior art, existing will
The technique effect of the technique effect that the horse card nursery implantation methods experiment of the present invention obtains and existing maca implantation methods enumerate as
Following table.
Contrast by above experimental group, it can be deduced that use the maca nursery plant obtained by the technical scheme of the application
The most superior with prior art obtained by maca nursery plant, have employed compound the most in the inventive solutions
Culture matrix so that the survival rate of maca nursery plant and health status obtain the highest raising, simultaneously so that maca yield and
Quality is greatly improved, thus by the most excellent for the cost performance of the maca making use technical scheme plant out
The more quality of existing maca on market.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment one: a kind of maca normalized planting method, is to follow these steps to carry out:
(1) breeding
() breeding time
Select quality and reach the mellow and full full maca fruit of 50g～70g as kind of a fruit, at height above sea level 3000-at the beginning of annual 3 months
Under maca kind fruit is planted by the field of 3300 meters；
The breeding of () selection of land
Big Tanaka, plane digs out the plantation hole that the degree of depth is 8 centimetres, is respectively separated 30 centimetres up and down in plantation hole, point
Pao not dig 8 centimetres of deep plantation holes；Kind of a fruit is planted in described plantation hole, according to soil regime, within 2～3 days, once waters,
Within 5～6 days, carry out single-dose application, need carry out weeding every day, water, apply fertilizer, weeding activity circulates always and carries out；55～60 days i.e.
Seedling can be grown, be the seeding stage；
() is reserved seed for planting
The seed not growing seedling in the described seeding stage digs out in time, will have rotten, bad root or the seedling of infested situation
Dig out in time, in plantation hole, add quick lime or stove ash carries out disinfection, plant into new kind fruit simultaneously；By on maca plant branch
The maca seed scissors having grown maturation is cut, and immature maca plant branch continues to allow it grow, and will cut
Branch put and dry in the cool, then with hand, the maca seed in spore is rubbed out, chooses that particle is big, good luster and full kind
Son is as the cultivation seed of maca nursery, and placement preserves in the cool；
(2) nursery
Seedtime is 5～June, prior to seeding by the plant Maca kind of the yellow filtered out in advance, purple and black
Son, is mixed in the ratio that weight ratio is 2:3:5 of yellow, purple and black, the maca seed warp that will mix in proportion
Cross the mixotrophism water soaking 5 of 30～45 DEG C～7 hours, wherein, described nutritive water include (0.1～0.8) MS, (0.1～
0.4) mg/L6 BA, the mixotrophism liquid of (0.1～0.4) mg/LNAA and 25g/L sucrose；Soaked seed is dried in the air
Shine, until the seed soaked is not bonded to together each other；
Seedling dish is dimensioned to 30cm × 30cm × 5cm, bottom surface is provided with equally distributed infiltration aperture, holds in seedling dish
Having the maca seedling composite substrate of 3kg, maca seedling composite substrate humidity is 60%～70%, the mixing maca seed that will process
The uniform point of maca seedling composite substrate surface being placed on Miao Panzhong, and each seedling dish puts seed 800～1000, each kind
Sub-spacing is 0.8～0.9cm, and wherein, the preparation method of maca seedling composite substrate comprises the following steps,
() will cut no maca leaf and tan by the sun 2～4 days in the sun so that it is is completely dried, and mix other and be dried corruption
Leaf, maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 2:1, put into pulverizer and pulverize, are mixing rotted leaf；
() takes sheep excrement and adds described mixing rotted leaf, and sheep excrement is 1:1 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio, is simultaneously introduced appropriate fertilizer
Material leavening, the quality of fertilizer leavening is the 3 ‰ of total amount, ferments 7 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer；
() takes mountain base soil to add composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground positive red, wherein the containing of N P and K in composite fertilizer
Amount is 10%, and described mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:1.5:
0.5, it is mixing mountain base soil；
() takes the described rotted leaf fertilizer after having fermented and adds in the base soil of described mixing mountain, crushing, stirring, described corruption
Leaf fertilizer is 1:10 with the mass ratio mixing mountain base soil, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium；
After () mixing terminates, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content to exist
60%；
() takes clay, sprays appropriate water so that it is water content is maintained at more than 60% in described clay, by aqueous for institute
Amount clay more than 60% is organized into the clay layer that thickness is 1 centimeter, and the described thickness that tiled to by described compound seedling medium is
The clay layer of 1 centimeter, the tiling thickness of described seedling medium is 3 centimeters；
Build seedling canopy in nursery base, seedling canopy is a standard seedling canopy with 10m × 20m, is maked somebody a mere figurehead by steel pipe support, covers
Color is white, the red or film of yellow and cache-sex, and wherein, nursery is starting to grow 7～15 days, by film and cache-sex
Be spaced apart, keep seedling canopy temperature at 26～31 DEG C, base height above sea level is 2600m, by seedling dish plant sub-rule put seedling
Inside canopy, and carrying out seedling dish watering and irrigating for the first time, the seeding stage is 8～9 days, and nursery stage is 45～50 days；
Seedling can grow to 6～8 leaves for 15 days, in secondary period, within 5～7 days, once waters, plants in nursery stage nursery
When strain is dark green plant, described plant is normal plant, to carry out spraying liquid medicine, when seedling dish to it when there is yellow plant
In when having diseased plant, then reject rapidly and seedling dish plant sprayed liquid medicine, liquid medicine by 50～100g carbendazim, the composite fertilizer of 50g,
The Blockbuster insecticide of 20～35g and the water of 15kg are mixed, and within 14～16 days, spray a liquid medicine, and spraying seedlings growing area is 1
Mu；
When finding nursery plant necrosis in seedling dish, plant vacant locations in seedling dish is manually filled the gaps with seedlings, use before filling the gaps with seedlings
2.6～3.5% NaClO solution downright bad plant soil locations is carried out disinfection 16～25 minutes, sprayed in 1～3 day after filling the gaps with seedlings
Spill liquid medicine with insect-pest；
(3) field planting
In seedling canopy before nursery plantlet of transplant, seedling dish will grow vigorous, plant color 100% greeny nursery plant shifting
To seedling canopy outdoor within 2～3 days, carry out nature growth, can balled transplanting, nursery root is 15～30g with the earth of Miao Panzhong；
Seedling dish to be moved before transplanting 15 days, cuts off nursery and the root system on booth ground in seedling dish, increases the nursery root system at Miao Panzhong；At this
During, nursery can not be placed under complete cloudy environment, will have abundant illumination, and the diseased plant of Miao Panzhong should be rejected rapidly and to seedling dish
Plant is sprayed liquid medicine and carries out process of filling the gaps with seedlings simultaneously；
Plantation nursery base is selected in the plot that the most leeward, height above sea level is 3000～3200m, and selected plot did not had in 1 year
Planting maca, P in soil H6.6～7.4, plantation soil to carry out 1 compaction treatment of turning over 2 times, after wherein turning at the 1st time,
It is black mud deep for 5cm that plane falls the degree of depth, and before carrying out the 2nd time turning over, sandy and stony soil deep for 5cm and agate are added in the native face after plane falls black mud
The mixed soil of coffee seedling composite substrate, its ratio is 3:1；
Then turn over carrying out the 2nd time, turn over for 2 times after turning over and carry out to be exposed to the sun 2～3 days in the case of weather is good to soil
Face carries out being compacted and carry out manage moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil face height 15cm, length 10～15m, and width is 90～100cm, and moisture in the soil carries out virus killing process, uses
Diaphragm seal 7 days, plantation nursery of digging a hole above film, parallel on moisture in the soil face dig the nursery plantation nest that 5 trestle column are 15cm,
The wide 3cm of nest mouth, the deep 8cm of nest, by the culturing and transplanting seedlings processed through outdoor to planting inside nest, leave wide 15cm's between each moisture in the soil face
Gutter, is placed with the sparge pipe that spray radius is 50cm in gutter；
Culturing and transplanting seedlings be planting season mid-May at the beginning of 7 months, to the nursery plant planted in the ground, according to weather feelings
Condition is watered draining, checked once every 3～4 days, plant withered, that die of illness is eradicated and filled the gaps with seedlings, weight before filling the gaps with seedlings
Newly the nest to downright bad plant is digged sterilization, and dig a diameter of 6cm, deep 8cm, and by the calcium lime powder of 50g or the coal of 60g
Ash is sprinkled upon in the nest that will fill the gaps with seedlings, and is sufficiently stirred for earth in plantation nest, then is planted after treatment by healthy nursery plant
Plantation nest in；
Harvest time is late November to early December, fades when maca plant color transfers Huang to, fleshy root fully expands, base
Portion's circle can be collected time blunt, while collecting maca, chooses according to the color of maca that variety characteristic is prominent, shape is whole
Together, crust is bright and clean, fibrous root is few, fall cripetura, be that solid maca is as kind of a strain without pest and disease damage, fruit.
Embodiment two: a kind of maca nursery implantation methods, is to follow these steps to carry out:
(1) breeding
() breeding time
Select quality and reach the mellow and full full maca fruit of 50g～70g as kind of a fruit, at height above sea level 3000-at the beginning of annual 3 months
Under maca kind fruit is planted by the field of 3300 meters；
The breeding of () selection of land
Big Tanaka, plane digs out the plantation hole that the degree of depth is 8 centimetres～10 centimetres, is respectively separated 30 up and down in plantation hole
Centimetre, plane digs 8 centimetres～10 centimetres of deep plantation holes respectively；Kind of a fruit is planted in described plantation hole, according to soil regime, 2～3
It once waters, and within 5～6 days, carries out single-dose application, needs carry out weeding every day, waters, applies fertilizer, weeding activity circulates always
Carry out；Within 55～60 days, seedling can be grown, be the seeding stage；
() is reserved seed for planting
The seed not growing seedling in the described seeding stage digs out in time, will have rotten, bad root or the seedling of infested situation
Dig out in time, in plantation hole, add quick lime or stove ash carries out disinfection, plant into new kind fruit simultaneously；By on maca plant branch
The maca seed scissors having grown maturation is cut, and immature maca plant branch continues to allow it grow, and will cut
Branch put and dry in the cool, then with hand, the maca seed in spore is rubbed out, chooses that particle is big, good luster and full kind
Son is as the cultivation seed of maca nursery, and placement preserves in the cool；
(2) nursery
Seedtime is 5～June, prior to seeding by the plant Maca kind of the yellow filtered out in advance, purple and black
Son, is mixed in the ratio that weight ratio is 2:3:5 of yellow, purple and black, the maca seed warp that will mix in proportion
Cross the mixotrophism water soaking 5 of 30～45 DEG C～7 hours, wherein, described nutritive water include (0.1～0.8) MS, (0.1～
0.4) mg/L6 BA, the mixotrophism liquid of (0.1～0.4) mg/LNAA and 25g/L sucrose；Soaked seed is dried in the air
Shine, until the seed soaked is not bonded to together each other；
Seedling dish is dimensioned to 30cm × 30cm × 5cm, bottom surface is provided with equally distributed infiltration aperture, holds in seedling dish
Having the maca seedling composite substrate of 3kg, maca seedling composite substrate humidity is 60%～70%, the mixing maca seed that will process
Divide the maca seedling composite substrate surface being placed on Miao Panzhong uniformly, and each seedling dish puts 1000, seed, between each seed
Away from for 0.9cm, wherein, the preparation method of maca seedling composite substrate comprises the following steps,
() will cut no maca leaf and tan by the sun 2～4 days in the sun so that it is is completely dried, and mix other and be dried corruption
Leaf, maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 3:1, put into pulverizer and pulverize, are mixing rotted leaf；
() takes sheep excrement and adds described mixing rotted leaf, and sheep excrement is 3:1 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio, is simultaneously introduced appropriate fertilizer
Material leavening, the quality of fertilizer leavening is the 5 ‰ of total amount, ferments 5 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer；
() takes mountain base soil to add composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground positive red, wherein the containing of N P and K in composite fertilizer
Amount is 15%, and described mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:2.5:
0.5, it is mixing mountain base soil；
() takes the described rotted leaf fertilizer after having fermented and adds in the base soil of described mixing mountain, crushing, stirring, described corruption
Leaf fertilizer is 1:10 with the mass ratio mixing mountain base soil, places 2～3 days, is compound seedling medium；
After () mixing terminates, in described seedling medium, spray into appropriate water, keep compound seedling medium water content to exist
70%；
() takes clay, sprays appropriate water so that it is water content is maintained at more than 70% in described clay, by aqueous for institute
Amount clay more than 70% is organized into the clay layer that thickness is 2 centimeters, and the described thickness that tiled to by described compound seedling medium is
The clay layer of 2 centimeters, the tiling thickness of described seedling medium is 6 centimeters；
Build seedling canopy in nursery base, seedling canopy is a standard seedling canopy with 10m × 20m, is maked somebody a mere figurehead by steel pipe support, covers
Color is white, the red or film of yellow and cache-sex, and wherein, nursery is starting to grow 7～15 days, by film and cache-sex
Be spaced apart, keep seedling canopy temperature at 26～31 DEG C, base height above sea level is 2600m, by seedling dish plant sub-rule put seedling
Inside canopy, and carrying out seedling dish watering and irrigating for the first time, the seeding stage is 8～9 days, and nursery stage is 45～50 days；
Seedling can grow to 6～8 leaves for 15 days, in secondary period, within 5～7 days, once waters, plants in nursery stage nursery
When strain is dark green plant, described plant is normal plant, to carry out spraying liquid medicine, when seedling dish to it when there is yellow plant
In when having diseased plant, then reject rapidly and seedling dish plant sprayed liquid medicine, liquid medicine by 50～100g carbendazim, the composite fertilizer of 50g,
The Blockbuster insecticide of 20～35g and the water of 15kg are mixed, and within 14～16 days, spray a liquid medicine, and spraying seedlings growing area is 1
Mu；
When finding nursery plant necrosis in seedling dish, plant vacant locations in seedling dish is manually filled the gaps with seedlings, use before filling the gaps with seedlings
2.6～3.5% NaClO solution downright bad plant soil locations is carried out disinfection 16～25 minutes, sprayed in 1～3 day after filling the gaps with seedlings
Spill liquid medicine with insect-pest；
(3) field planting
In seedling canopy before nursery plantlet of transplant, seedling dish will grow vigorous, plant color 100% greeny nursery plant shifting
To seedling canopy outdoor within 2～3 days, carry out nature growth, can balled transplanting, nursery root is 15～30g with the earth of Miao Panzhong；
Seedling dish to be moved before transplanting 15 days, cuts off nursery and the root system on booth ground in seedling dish, increases the nursery root system at Miao Panzhong；At this
During, nursery can not be placed under complete cloudy environment, will have abundant illumination, and the diseased plant of Miao Panzhong should be rejected rapidly and to seedling dish
Plant is sprayed liquid medicine and carries out process of filling the gaps with seedlings simultaneously；
Plantation nursery base is selected in the plot that the most leeward, height above sea level is 3000～3200m, and selected plot did not had in 1 year
Planting maca, P in soil H6.6～7.4, plantation soil to carry out 1 compaction treatment of turning over 2 times, after wherein turning at the 1st time,
It is black mud deep for 10cm that plane falls the degree of depth, before carrying out the 2nd time turning over, plane fall the native face after black mud add sandy and stony soil deep for 10cm with
The mixed soil of maca seedling composite substrate, its ratio is 3:1；
Then turn over carrying out the 2nd time, turn over for 2 times after turning over and carry out to be exposed to the sun 2～3 days in the case of weather is good to soil
Face carries out being compacted and carry out manage moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil face height 15cm, length 10～15m, and width is 90～100cm, and moisture in the soil carries out virus killing process, uses
Diaphragm seal 7 days, plantation nursery of digging a hole above film, the nursery that 5～6 trestle column are 15cm of digging parallel on moisture in the soil face is planted
Nest, the wide 6cm of nest mouth, the deep 12cm of nest, inside the culturing and transplanting seedlings that processed through outdoor to plantation nest, leave width between each moisture in the soil face
The gutter of 20cm, is placed with the sparge pipe that spray radius is 60cm in gutter；
Culturing and transplanting seedlings be planting season mid-May at the beginning of 7 months, to the nursery plant planted in the ground, according to weather feelings
Condition is watered draining, checked once every 3～4 days, plant withered, that die of illness is eradicated and filled the gaps with seedlings, weight before filling the gaps with seedlings
Newly the nest to downright bad plant is digged sterilization, and dig a diameter of 12cm, deep 10cm, and by the calcium lime powder of 50g or 60g
Coal ash is sprinkled upon in the nest that will fill the gaps with seedlings, and is sufficiently stirred for earth in plantation nest, more healthy nursery plant is planted in process
After plantation nest in；
Harvest time is late November to early December, fades when maca plant color transfers Huang to, fleshy root fully expands, base
Portion's circle can be collected time blunt, while collecting maca, chooses according to the color of maca that variety characteristic is prominent, shape is whole
Together, crust is bright and clean, fibrous root is few, fall cripetura, be that solid maca is as kind of a strain without pest and disease damage, fruit.
Above the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment party
Formula, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art are possessed, it is also possible to make on the premise of without departing from present inventive concept
Go out various change.
Claims (1)
1. a maca normalized planting method, it is characterised in that follow these steps to carry out:
(1) breeding
() breeding time
Select quality and reach the mellow and full full maca fruit of 50g～70g as kind of a fruit, at height above sea level 3000-3300 rice at the beginning of annual 3 months
Field by maca kind fruit plant under；
The breeding of () selection of land
Big Tanaka, plane digs out the plantation hole that the degree of depth is 8 centimetres～10 centimetres, is respectively separated 30 lis up and down in plantation hole
Rice, plane digs 8 centimetres～10 centimetres of deep plantation holes respectively；Kind of a fruit is planted in described plantation hole, according to soil regime, 2～3 days
Once water, within 5～6 days, carry out single-dose application, need carry out weeding every day, water, apply fertilizer, weeding activity circulate always into
OK；Within 55～60 days, seedling can be grown, be the seeding stage；
() is reserved seed for planting
The seed not growing seedling in the described seeding stage digs out in time, by timely for the seedling having rotten, bad root or infested situation
Dig out, in plantation hole, add quick lime or stove ash carries out disinfection, plant into new kind fruit simultaneously；By on maca plant branch
Long ripe maca seed scissors is cut, and immature maca plant branch continues to allow it grow, and the branch that will cut
Bifurcation is put and is dried in the cool, then is rubbed out by the maca seed in spore with hand, chooses that particle is big, good luster and full seed are made
For the cultivation seed of maca nursery, and place and preserve in the cool；
(2) nursery
Seedtime is 5～June, prior to seeding by the plant Maca seed of the yellow filtered out in advance, purple and black, presses
The weight ratio of yellow, purple and black is that the ratio of 2:3:5 mixes, by the maca seed that mixes in proportion through 30～
The mixotrophism water soaking 5 of 45 DEG C～7 hours, wherein, described mixotrophism water be containing 0.1～0.8 MS, 0.1～0.4
Mg/L6 BA, 0.1～0.4 mixotrophism liquid of mg/LNAA and 25g/L sucrose；Soaked seed is carried out airing, until
The seed soaked is not bonded to together each other；
Seedling dish is dimensioned to 30cm × 30cm × 5cm, bottom surface is provided with equally distributed infiltration aperture, is contained with in seedling dish
The maca seedling composite substrate of 3kg, maca seedling composite substrate humidity is 60%～70%, by equal for the mixing maca seed processed
The even point of maca seedling composite substrate surface being placed on Miao Panzhong, and each seedling dish puts seed 800～1000, each seed
Spacing is 0.8～0.9cm, and wherein, the preparation method of maca seedling composite substrate comprises the following steps,
() will cut no maca leaf and tan by the sun 2～4 days in the sun so that it is is completely dried, and mix other dry rotted leaf,
Maca leaf and other rotted leaf mass ratio are 2:1～3:1, put into pulverizer and pulverize, are mixing rotted leaf；
() takes sheep excrement and adds described mixing rotted leaf, and sheep excrement is 1:1～3:1 with mixing rotted leaf mass ratio, is simultaneously introduced suitable
Amount fertilizer leavening, the quality of fertilizer leavening is the 3 ‰～5 ‰ of total amount, ferments 5～7 days, is rotted leaf fertilizer；
() takes mountain base soil and adds the positive pellet in composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground, and wherein in composite fertilizer, the content of N P and K is equal
Being 10%～15%, described mountain base soil red mass ratio positive with composite fertilizer, carbendazol and ground is 1000:50:X:
0.5, it is mixing mountain base soil, described X is any value in the range of 1.5～2.5；
() takes the described rotted leaf fertilizer after having fermented and adds in the base soil of described mixing mountain, and crushing, stirring, described rotted leaf has
Machine mass ratio that is fertile and that mix mountain base soil is 1:10, places 2～3 days, is seedling composite substrate；
After () mixing terminates, in described seedling composite substrate, spray into appropriate water, keep seedling composite substrate water content to exist
Between 60%～70%；
() takes clay, sprays appropriate water so that it is water content is maintained at more than 60% in described clay, institute's water content is existed
The clay of more than 60% is organized into the clay layer that thickness is 1～2 centimeter, and the described thickness that tiled to by described seedling composite substrate is 1
～the clay layer of 2 centimeters, the tiling thickness of described seedling composite substrate is 3～6 centimeters；
Build seedling canopy in nursery base, seedling canopy is a standard seedling canopy with 10m × 20m, is maked somebody a mere figurehead by steel pipe support, covers color
For white, the red or film of yellow and cache-sex, wherein, nursery is starting to grow 7～15 days, film and cache-sex is spaced
Placing, keep seedling canopy temperature at 26～31 DEG C, base height above sea level is 2600m, by putting in seedling canopy of the kind sub-rule in seedling dish
Limit, and carry out seedling dish watering and irrigating for the first time, the seeding stage is 8～9 days, and nursery stage is 45～50 days；
Seedling can grow to 6～8 leaves for 15 days, during this period, within 5～7 days, once waters, nursery stage nursery plant is
During dark green plant, described plant is normal plant, to carry out spraying liquid medicine, when Miao Panzhong has to it when there is yellow plant
During diseased plant, then reject rapidly and seedling dish plant sprayed liquid medicine, liquid medicine by 50～100g carbendazim, the composite fertilizer of 50g, 20～
The Blockbuster insecticide of 35g and the water of 15kg are mixed, and within 14～16 days, spray a liquid medicine, and spraying seedlings growing area is 1 mu；
When finding nursery plant necrosis in seedling dish, plant vacant locations in seedling dish is manually filled the gaps with seedlings, before filling the gaps with seedlings with 2.6～
Downright bad plant soil locations is carried out disinfection 16～25 minutes by the NaClO solution of 3.5%, sprays medicine after filling the gaps with seedlings in 1～3 day
Water is with insect-pest；
(3) field planting
In seedling canopy before nursery plantlet of transplant, move on to seedling by seedling dish grows vigorous, plant color 100% greeny nursery plant
Canopy outdoor within 2～3 days, carries out nature growth, can balled transplanting, nursery root is 15～30g with the earth of Miao Panzhong；Transplant
Seedling dish to be moved before 15 days, cuts off nursery and the root system on booth ground in seedling dish, increases the nursery root system at Miao Panzhong；In this process
In, nursery can not be placed under complete cloudy environment, will have abundant illumination, and the diseased plant of Miao Panzhong should be rejected rapidly and to seedling dish plant
Spray liquid medicine and carry out process of filling the gaps with seedlings simultaneously；
Plantation nursery base is selected in the plot that the most leeward, height above sea level is 3000～3200m, and the not plantation in a year of selected plot
Crossing maca, soil pH 6.6～7.4, plantation soil to carry out 1 compaction treatment of turning over 2 times, and after wherein turning at the 1st time, plane falls
The degree of depth is 5～10cm deep black muds, and before carrying out the 2nd time turning over, 5～10cm deep sandy and stony soils are added in the native face after plane falls black mud
With the mixed soil of maca seedling composite substrate, its ratio is 3:1；
Carry out the 2nd time the most again to turn over, turn over for described 2nd time right after turning over and carry out to be exposed to the sun 2～3 days in the case of weather is good
Soil face carries out being compacted and carry out manage moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil face height 15cm, length 10～15m, and width is 90～100cm, and moisture in the soil is carried out virus killing process,
With diaphragm seal 7 days, plantation nursery of digging a hole above film, parallel on moisture in the soil face dig the nursery kind that 5～6 trestle column are 15cm
Planting nest, nest mouth wide 3～6cm, nest deep 8～12cm, by the culturing and transplanting seedlings processed through outdoor to planting inside nest, between each moisture in the soil face
Leave the gutter of wide 15～20cm, in gutter, be placed with the sparge pipe that spray radius is 50～60cm；
Culturing and transplanting seedlings be planting season mid-May at the beginning of 7 months, to the nursery plant planted in the ground, water according to weather condition
Water draining, checked once every 3～4 days, plant withered, that die of illness is eradicated and filled the gaps with seedlings, the most right before filling the gaps with seedlings
The nest of downright bad plant carries out sterilization of digging, and digs a diameter of 6～12cm, deep 8～10cm, and by the calcium lime powder of 50g or 60g
Coal ash be sprinkled upon in the nest that will fill the gaps with seedlings, and be sufficiently stirred for earth in plantation nest, more healthy nursery plant be planted in place
In plantation nest after reason；
Harvest time is late November to early December, fade when maca plant color transfers Huang to, fleshy root fully expands, base portion circle
Can collect time blunt, while collecting maca, choose that variety characteristic is prominent according to the color of maca, shape neat, outer
Skin is bright and clean, fibrous root is few, fall cripetura, be that solid maca is as kind of a strain without pest and disease damage, fruit.
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| CN103960031B (en) * | 2014-05-25 | 2016-05-11 | 龚意科 | A kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing |
| CN104584853A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-06 | 花垣县联华玛卡种养专业合作社 | Planting method for maca |
| CN105075576B (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2018-02-13 | 昆明康嘉乐生物科技有限公司 | The method of organic plantation maca |
| CN105009918B (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-10-03 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | It is a kind of to prevent the propagation method of maca variety deterioration |
| CN106358741A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-02-01 | 西宁万润生物科技有限公司 | Standardized planting method of lepidium latifoliom belonging to lepidium plant |
| CN113906969A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-11 | 曲水县才纳乡国家现代农业示范区管理委员会 | Method for domesticating and planting maca in plateau area |
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| CN102090245B (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-08-29 | 朱晓西 | Cultivation method for plant Maca |
| CN102498892B (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-04-24 | 云南南药医药发展有限公司 | Seed-reserving method for plant maca |
| CN103039264B (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-05-07 | 丽江百岁坊生物科技开发有限公司 | Efficient maca cultivation method |
| CN103650886A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-03-26 | 丽江玛咖生物科技有限公司 | Lepidium meyenii planting method |
| CN103688728A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 丽江玛咖生物科技有限公司 | Maca seedling growing method |
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