CN103053377B - Vitis davidii foex culturing method - Google Patents
Vitis davidii foex culturing method Download PDFInfo
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- 244000068653 Vitis davidii Species 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title abstract 9
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vitis davidii foex culturing method and relates to the technical field of fruit seed culturing in agricultural technology. The culturing method includes the steps of selecting seed branches, soaking nutritiously, promoting roots, sticking, transplanting, managing a seedling bed and the like. The vitis davidii foex culturing method has the advantages that cultured roots are strong, growing is faster after transplanting, survival rate of seedlings is high, and the vitis davidii foex is suitable for culturing and the like. The vitis davidii foex culturing method can be not only used for culturing vitis davidii foex and other kinds of grapes but also used for culturing fruits of other kinds.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fruit kind propagating technology field in agrotechnique, particularly a kind of propagation method of stinging grape.
Technical background
(formal name used at school: be Vitis davidii Foex) the distinctive grape variety of south China, grow in the hillside, cheuch woods of height above sea level 600-1800 rice or shrubbery, fruit is not only delicious good to eat, and nutritive value is very high for the thorn grape.Contain 15%-25% glucose, vitamin A, B1, B2, C, protein, mineral matter potassium, phosphorus, iron etc. in ripe berry, it also contains the multiple material with physiological function in addition.Through science, prove, the thorn grape can stop thrombosis better than aspirin, and can reduce the human serum cholesterol levels, reduce hematoblastic cohesiveness, the prevention cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are had to certain effect, in the thorn grape, contain a kind of anticancer trace element (resveratrol), can prevent the healthy cell canceration, stop the cancer cell diffusion, the thorn must can help organ to plant patient with operation minimizing rejection, promotes early recovery.At present, breeding of grape of thorn mostly adopts traditional cottage method, and the survival rate of its seedling is lower, mostly in 10% left and right, and, because the root system of seedling is less-developed, poor growth after transplanting.
Technology contents
After the object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can breed well developed root system, transplanting, growth is very fast and to plant shoot survival percent high, is applicable to the method for thorn grape breeding.
For realizing its purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is a kind of propagation method of stinging grape of invention, and its reproductive process is as follows:
(i), planting branch chooses
In 11-12 month, select robust growth, eye full, without the annual band leaf spray of damage by disease and insect, be cut into long 10-30cm, with the branch of 2-3 eye, and be bundled into a kind branch by the 3-12 root, standby;
(ii), nutrition is soaked
1., nutrient solution preparation:
A, get the raw materials ready: fetch water respectively by weight poplar acid 1-3.2 part, sucrose 5-15 part, amino acid/11 0-25 part, vitamin A 0.1-0.8 part, Cobastab 0.2-1.2 part, adenine 0.05-0.1 part, sodium chloride 0.065-0.15 part, hydrolyzing lactoalbumin 0.12-0.6 part, soft water 30-60 part are standby;
B, dosing: first get half of standby soft water, it is heated to 20-55 ℃, more in order standby sucrose, amino acid, vitamin A, Cobastab, adenine, sodium chloride, hydrolyzing lactoalbumin, salicylic acid are added in soft water successively, limit adds stirring; After all dissolving, the standby soft water of remainder is added, control water temperature at 20-40 ℃, become nutrient solution, standby;
2., soak: will standby nutrient solution pack in the dark colour open-top receptacle, standby kind branch insertion wherein, and fix, allow kind of the 1-2 on a branch top eye exceed vessel port 1-4cm, again container is put into to temperature controlled compartment, maintain the temperature at 25-40 ℃, carry out the nutrition immersion; Simultaneously, every 12-20 days, change nutrient solution, be dipped to spring in next year;
(iii), urge root
During to spring in next year, the kind branch that will soak through overnutrition is put into and is urged the root agent solution, soaks after 4-20 hour and takes out, and becomes and urges root kind branch, standby;
(iv), cuttage
1., nutritive soil preparation:
A, batching: get respectively by weight cow dung 5-15 part, river sand 10-25 part, earth 10-25 part, decomposed leaves 5-10 part, ammonium carbonate 0.5-2.3 part, ammonium phosphate 0.5-2.3 part, the microbial function 0.05-0.2 of group part after rice-straw ash 5-15 part, fermentation, standby;
B, preparation: by standby ammonium carbonate and the water-soluble solution of 1-3 times of weight for ammonium phosphate, become ammonium salt solution, standby;
Cow dung after fermentation dried or dried in the shade, control moisture at 8-12%, pulverizing, crossing the 40-80 mesh sieve, obtaining the cow dung particle, standby;
Decomposed leaves are dried in the shade, and moisture is controlled at 8-15%, standby;
Rice-straw ash is dried, and moisture is controlled at 8-12%, standby;
Standby river sand is pulverized, crossed the 40-80 mesh sieve, obtain the river sand particle, standby;
Again standby cow dung particle, river sand particle, leaf, rice-straw ash, earth are dropped in mixer, after mixing, add standby ammonium salt solution, stirring and evenly mixing, add again microbial function group, then stir, then, control the moisture of mixed material at 18-22%, become Nutrition Soil, standby;
2., cuttage is heeled in:
Standby Nutrition Soil is packed in container, its charge weight is 1/2nd to 2/3rds of container depth, slightly compacting, again the standby root kind branch of urging is inserted in the Nutrition Soil in container according to the seeding row spacing specification of 2.2～5.4 cm * 2.0～3.2cm, allow 1-2 the eye on its top expose the soil table, then, put it in temperature controlled compartment, carry out cuttage and heel in; During this time, every 1-5 days trickles once, allow Nutrition Soil keep the humidity of 8-32 %, and control temperature at 20-32 ℃; Cultivate 25-60 days, until urge root kind branch send out roots must, internode starts to expand, and while having sprouting to grow, becomes seedling;
(v), transplant
1., seedbed arranges:
A, seedbed groove arrange: by selected field, to be organized into wide 0.5-1.5m, long 8-15m, spacing be 0.4-0.9m, be the plot of North and South direction arrangement, then, deep-cuts 0.2-1.0m, becomes the seedbed groove, standby;
B, seedbed bottom land layer arrange: in traditional Chinese medicine waste residue weight: the ratio of earth weight=2:1 with after earth mixes, is laid on the seedbed groove bottom by the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue that ferments, thickness is 10-40cm, repaves the river sand of 1-8cm thickness on it, leveling, become seedbed bottom land layer, standby;
C, the preparation of groove middle level, seedbed material: get respectively by weight tea shell powder 5-10 part, the withered powder 5-10 of tea part, cow dung 5-10 part of fermenting, chicken manure 5-15 part of fermenting, organic chemical fertilizer 1-10 part, the microbial function 0.2-1.0 of group part, river sand 10-20 part, earth 10-20 part, standby;
First standby cow dung, chicken manure, microbial function group, organic chemical fertilizer, river sand, earth are dropped in blender, mix, more standby tea shell powder, the withered powder of tea are warmed respectively after 30-65 ℃, add and mix, become the middle level material, standby;
D, seedbed groove arrange at the middle and upper levels: standby middle level material is spread on the bottom land layer of seedbed, and thickness is 20-50cm, becomes groove middle level, seedbed; Then, will fill up remaining seedbed thickness with earth, the leaf that rots, wood chip by the formulated upper materials of identical weight part, become groove upper strata, seedbed; Water irrigates seedbed again, standby; Temperature stabilization in seedbed more than 15 ℃ the time, become can cuttage seedbed;
2., transplant in seedbed:
Choose after cuttage the is heeled in long 10-25cm of coring, internode expand 1/3rd, with the seedling of 1-2 sprouting, be transplanted in seedbed spacing in the rows 12-15cm, line-spacing 30-40cm together with the Nutrition Soil that seedling is carried with it; During transplanting, seedling is tiltedly planted in soil, allow sprouting basset, and make the back side of sprouting in seedling, then, water waters; Every 10-20 days, water once later;
(vi), seedbed management
After transplanting, every 3 months ratios according to 1500-3000 kilogram/667 ㎡, impose one time decomposed manure to seedbed, simultaneously, and loose surface layer soil, and timely bondage branches and tendrils, rational pruning; After 7-8 month, become seedlings, can go out garden.
The (iii) the described root agent solution of urging of step be the aqueous solution of a kind of in heteroauxin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, gibberellin, the bright ester of ammonia, salicylic acid or the mixture of two or more, its concentration is 4-16%; When being two or more, the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratio.
(iv) step and (v) the described microbial function of step group be a kind of in azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus, actinomyces 5406, saccharomycete or two or more or mixture, when being two or more, the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratio.
(v) the described traditional Chinese medicine waste residue of step be that two or more ratio in same weight in tea waste residue, auricularia auriculajudae waste residue, root of herbaceous peony waste residue, rhodiola root waste residue, cassia twig waste residue, ginkgo leaf waste residue, cascara sagrada waste residue mixes.
Described organic chemical fertilizer can adopt on the market the biological organic fertilizer of selling, as root power bio-fertilizer etc.
The propagation method of thorn grape of the present invention, in reproductive process, due to the nutrient solution immersion treatment of having taked early stage before cuttage, and prepared the Nutrition Soil that use is heeled in cuttage meticulously, makes in the process that branch heels in cuttage, can access well and breed; Simultaneously, also meticulously prepare the seedbed formed by bottom, middle level and three layers, upper strata Nutrition Soil, be conducive to growing after seedling replanting, thereby, after can breeding well developed root system, transplanting, the grape nursery stock is stung in growth faster, and the survival rate of its seedling is higher.According to test, its kind of shoot survival percent reaches 70.4%.
Following table 1 is the table of comparisons of the inventive method and normal cutting propagation method breeding thorn grape nursery stock:
The table of comparisons of table 1 the inventive method and normal cutting propagation method breeding thorn grape nursery stock
From the data in table 1, can find out, method of the present invention is compared with conventional method, and its emergence rate improves 55.2 percentage points, and after transplanting, the output of the 3rd year exceeds 25%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.Following explanation is the mode exemplified, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
The reproductive process of the present embodiment is as follows:
(i), planting branch chooses
In early November to mid-December, select robust growth, fruit development enrich, ripe consistent, internode is short, color and luster is normal, eye is full, without the annual band leaf spray (spring then slightly) of damage by disease and insect, be cut into long 20cm, with the branch of 3 eyes, and be bundled into a kind branch by 10, standby;
(ii), nutrition is soaked
1., nutrient solution preparation:
A, get the raw materials ready: fetch water respectively by weight 2 parts of poplar acid, 10 parts of sucrose, 5 parts of amino acid/11s, 0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.6 part of Cobastab, 0.08 part of adenine, 0.1 part, sodium chloride, 0.3 part of hydrolyzing lactoalbumin, 60 parts of soft water, standby;
B, dosing: first get 30 parts of standby soft water, it is heated to 35 ℃, more in order standby sucrose, amino acid, vitamin A, Cobastab, adenine, sodium chloride, hydrolyzing lactoalbumin, salicylic acid are added in soft water successively, limit adds stirring; After all dissolving, the standby soft water of remainder is added, control water temperature at 30 ℃, become nutrient solution, standby;
2., soak: (it is best adopting brown to the dark colour of will standby nutrient solution packing into, also can adopt other color) in open-top receptacle, standby kind branch is inserted wherein, and fixing, allow 2 eyes on kind of branch top exceed vessel port 2cm, again container is put into to temperature controlled compartment, maintain the temperature at 28-30 ℃, carry out the nutrition immersion; Simultaneously, every 15 days, change nutrient solution, be dipped to spring in next year;
(iii), urge root
During to spring in next year, the kind branch that will soak through overnutrition is put into and is urged the root agent solution, soaks after 8 hours and takes out, and becomes and urges root kind branch, standby; The used root agent solution of urging is heteroauxin and the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution after by the equal portions mixture, and its concentration is 8%;
(iv), cuttage
1., Nutrition Soil is cultivated:
A, batching: get respectively by weight 0.1 part of 1.5 parts, 1.5 parts of 8 parts of 15 parts, 15 parts of 10 parts of cow dungs, river sands, earth, decomposed leaves, ammonium carbonates, ammonium phosphate, microbial function group after 10 parts of rice-straw ashes, fermentation, standby; Microbial function group used is azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus, actinomyces 5406, saccharomycetic mixture, the ratio of each component is equal portions;
B, preparation: by standby ammonium carbonate and the water-soluble solution of 2 times of weight for ammonium phosphate, become ammonium salt solution, standby;
Cow dung after fermentation dried or dried in the shade, control moisture at 8-12%, pulverizing, crossing 60 mesh sieves, obtaining the cow dung particle, standby;
Decomposed leaves are dried in the shade, and moisture is controlled at 8-15%, standby;
Rice-straw ash is dried, and moisture is controlled at 8-12%, standby;
Standby river sand is pulverized, crossed 60 mesh sieves, obtain the river sand particle, standby;
Again standby cow dung particle, river sand particle, leaf, rice-straw ash, earth are dropped in mixer, after mixing, add standby ammonium salt solution, stirring and evenly mixing, add again microbial function group, then stir, then, control the moisture of mixed material at 18-22%, become Nutrition Soil, standby;
2., cuttage is heeled in:
Standby Nutrition Soil is packed in the container of long 30cm, wide 15cm, dark 18cm, its charge weight is 12cm, slightly compacting, again the standby root kind branch of urging is inserted in the Nutrition Soil in container according to the seeding row spacing specification of 4cm * 3cm, allow 2 eyes on its top expose the soil table, then, put it in temperature controlled compartment, carry out cuttage and heel in; During this time, every 3 days trickles once, allow Nutrition Soil keep 20.5% humidity, and control temperature at 25-28 ℃; Cultivate 50 days, until urge root kind branch send out roots must, internode starts to expand, and while having sprouting to grow, becomes seedling;
(v), transplant
1., seedbed arranges:
A, seedbed groove arrange: by selected field, to be organized into wide 1m, long 10m, spacing be 0.6m, be the plot of North and South direction arrangement, then, deep-cuts 0.6m, becomes the seedbed groove, standby;
B, seedbed bottom land layer arrange: in traditional Chinese medicine waste residue weight: the ratio of earth weight=2:1 with after earth mixes, is laid on the seedbed groove bottom by the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue that ferments, thickness is 20cm, repaves the river sand of 5cm thickness on it, leveling, become seedbed bottom land layer, standby;
C, the preparation of groove middle level, seedbed material: get respectively by weight 8 parts, tea shell powder, 8 parts, the withered powder of tea, 8 parts of the cow dungs of fermenting, 10 parts of chicken manures that fermented, 6 parts of organic chemical fertilizers (this example adopts root power bio-fertilizer), 0.6 part of microbial function group, 15 parts of river sands, 15 parts, earth, standby;
First standby cow dung, chicken manure, microbial function group, organic chemical fertilizer, river sand, earth are dropped in blender, mix, more standby tea shell powder, the withered powder of tea are warmed respectively after 50 ℃, add and mix, become the middle level material, standby;
D, seedbed groove arrange at the middle and upper levels: standby middle level material is spread on the bottom land layer of seedbed, and thickness is 25cm, becomes groove middle level, seedbed; Then, will fill up remaining seedbed thickness with earth, the leaf that rots, wood chip by the formulated upper materials of identical weight part, become groove upper strata, seedbed; Water irrigates seedbed again, standby; Temperature stabilization in seedbed more than 15 ℃ the time, become can cuttage seedbed;
2., transplant in seedbed:
Choose after cuttage the is heeled in long 10-25cm of coring, internode expand 1/3rd, with the seedling of 1-2 sprouting, and seedling is transplanted in seedbed together with the Nutrition Soil carried to spacing in the rows 13cm, line-spacing 30cm; During transplanting, seedling is tiltedly planted in soil, allow sprouting basset, and make the back side of sprouting in seedling, then, water waters, and every 15 days, waters later;
(vi), seedbed management
After transplanting, every 3 months ratios according to 2500 kilograms/667 ㎡, impose one time decomposed manure to seedbed, simultaneously, and loose surface layer soil, and timely bondage branches and tendrils, rational pruning; After 7-8 month, become seedlings, can go out garden.
The propagation method of thorn grape of the present invention, both can be used for breeding thorn grape, also can be used for breeding the grape of other kind, also can be used for breeding the fruit of other kind.
Claims (4)
1. a propagation method of stinging grape is characterized in that reproductive process is as follows:
(i), planting branch chooses
In 11-12 month, select robust growth, eye full, without the annual band leaf spray of damage by disease and insect, be cut into long 10-30cm, with the branch of 2-3 eye, and be bundled into a kind branch by the 3-12 root, standby;
(ii), nutrition is soaked
1., nutrient solution preparation:
A, get the raw materials ready: fetch water respectively by weight poplar acid 1-3.2 part, sucrose 5-15 part, amino acid/11 0-25 part, vitamin A 0.1-0.8 part, Cobastab 0.2-1.2 part, adenine 0.05-0.1 part, sodium chloride 0.065-0.15 part, hydrolyzing lactoalbumin 0.12-0.6 part, soft water 30-60 part are standby;
B, dosing: first get half of standby soft water, it is heated to 20-55 ℃, more in order standby sucrose, amino acid, vitamin A, Cobastab, adenine, sodium chloride, hydrolyzing lactoalbumin, salicylic acid are added in soft water successively, limit adds stirring; After all dissolving, the standby soft water of remainder is added, control water temperature at 20-40 ℃, become nutrient solution, standby;
2., soak: will standby nutrient solution pack in the dark colour open-top receptacle, standby kind branch insertion wherein, and fix, allow kind of the 1-2 on a branch top eye exceed vessel port 1-4cm, again container is put into to temperature controlled compartment, maintain the temperature at 25-40 ℃, carry out the nutrition immersion; Simultaneously, every 12-20 days, change nutrient solution, be dipped to spring in next year;
(iii), urge root
During to spring in next year, the kind branch that will soak through overnutrition is put into and is urged the root agent solution, soaks after 4-20 hour and takes out, and becomes and urges root kind branch, standby;
(iv), cuttage
1., nutritive soil preparation:
A, batching: get respectively by weight cow dung 5-15 part, river sand 10-25 part, earth 10-25 part, decomposed leaves 5-10 part, ammonium carbonate 0.5-2.3 part, ammonium phosphate 0.5-2.3 part, the microbial function 0.05-0.2 of group part after rice-straw ash 5-15 part, fermentation, standby;
B, preparation: by standby ammonium carbonate and the water-soluble solution of 1-3 times of weight for ammonium phosphate, become ammonium salt solution, standby;
Cow dung after fermentation dried or dried in the shade, control moisture at 8-12%, pulverizing, crossing the 40-80 mesh sieve, obtaining the cow dung particle, standby;
Decomposed leaves are dried in the shade, and moisture is controlled at 8-15%, standby;
Rice-straw ash is dried, and moisture is controlled at 8-12%, standby;
Standby river sand is pulverized, crossed the 40-80 mesh sieve, obtain the river sand particle, standby;
Again standby cow dung particle, river sand particle, leaf, rice-straw ash, earth are dropped in mixer, after mixing, add standby ammonium salt solution, stirring and evenly mixing, add again microbial function group, then stir, then, control the moisture of mixed material at 18-22%, become Nutrition Soil, standby;
2., cuttage is heeled in:
Standby Nutrition Soil is packed in container, its charge weight is 1/2nd to 2/3rds of container depth, slightly compacting, again the standby root kind branch of urging is inserted in the Nutrition Soil in container according to the seeding row spacing specification of 2.2～5.4cm * 2.0～3.2cm, allow 1-2 the eye on its top expose the soil table, then, put it in temperature controlled compartment, carry out cuttage and heel in; During this time, every 1-5 days trickles once, allow Nutrition Soil keep the humidity of 8-32%, and control temperature at 20-32 ℃; Cultivate 25-60 days, until urge root kind branch send out roots must, internode starts to expand, and while having sprouting to grow, becomes seedling;
(v), transplant
1., seedbed arranges:
A, seedbed groove arrange: by selected field, to be organized into wide 0.5-1.5m, long 8-15m, spacing be 0.4-0.9m, be the plot of North and South direction arrangement, then, deep-cuts 0.2-1.0m, becomes the seedbed groove, standby;
B, seedbed bottom land layer arrange: in traditional Chinese medicine waste residue weight: the ratio of earth weight=2:1 with after earth mixes, is laid on the seedbed groove bottom by the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue that ferments, thickness is 10-40cm, repaves the river sand of 1-8cm thickness on it, leveling, become seedbed bottom land layer, standby;
C, the preparation of groove middle level, seedbed material: get respectively by weight tea shell powder 5-10 part, the withered powder 5-10 of tea part, cow dung 5-10 part of fermenting, chicken manure 5-15 part of fermenting, organic chemical fertilizer 1-10 part, the microbial function 0.2-1.0 of group part, river sand 10-20 part, earth 10-20 part, standby;
First standby cow dung, chicken manure, microbial function group, organic chemical fertilizer, river sand, earth are dropped in blender, mix, more standby tea shell powder, the withered powder of tea are warmed respectively after 30-65 ℃, add and mix, become the middle level material, standby;
D, seedbed groove arrange at the middle and upper levels: standby middle level material is spread on the bottom land layer of seedbed, and thickness is 20-50cm, becomes groove middle level, seedbed; Then, will fill up remaining seedbed thickness with earth, the leaf that rots, wood chip by the formulated upper materials of identical weight part, become groove upper strata, seedbed; Water irrigates seedbed again, standby; Temperature stabilization in seedbed more than 15 ℃ the time, become can cuttage seedbed;
2., transplant in seedbed:
Choose after cuttage the is heeled in long 10-25cm of coring, internode expand 1/3rd, with the seedling of 1-2 sprouting, be transplanted in seedbed spacing in the rows 12-15cm, line-spacing 30-40cm together with the Nutrition Soil that seedling is carried with it; During transplanting, seedling is tiltedly planted in soil, allow sprouting basset, and make the back side of sprouting in seedling, then, water waters; Every 10-20 days, water once later;
(vi), seedbed management
After transplanting, every 3 months according to 1500-3000 kilogram/667m
2Ratio, impose decomposed manure one time to seedbed, simultaneously, loose surface layer soil, and timely bondage branches and tendrils, rational pruning; After 7-8 month, become seedlings, can go out garden.
2. sting according to claim 1 the propagation method of grape, it is characterized in that: the (iii) the described root agent solution of urging of step be the aqueous solution of a kind of in heteroauxin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, gibberellin, the bright ester of ammonia, salicylic acid or the mixture of two or more, its concentration is 4-16%; When being two or more, the ratio of each component is equal portions.
3. according to the propagation method of the described thorn grape of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: (iv) step and (v) the described microbial function of step group be a kind of in azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus, actinomyces 5406, saccharomycete or the mixture of two or more, when being two or more, the ratio of each component is equal portions.
4. sting according to claim 3 the propagation method of grape, it is characterized in that: (v) the described traditional Chinese medicine waste residue of step be that two or more ratio in same weight in tea waste residue, auricularia auriculajudae waste residue, root of herbaceous peony waste residue, rhodiola root waste residue, cassia twig waste residue, ginkgo leaf waste residue, cascara sagrada waste residue mixes.
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| CN101584292B (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2011-01-26 | 石曙光 | Planting technology of wine grapes |
| CN101816274A (en) * | 2010-04-10 | 2010-09-01 | 徐州生物工程高等职业学校 | Quick gardening forcing culture technology for summer culture green seedling of grape |
| CN102369866A (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2012-03-14 | 苗茹 | Protected grapevine cultivation method |
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