CN105830720B - Cuttage breeding method for coniferous tree - Google Patents

Cuttage breeding method for coniferous tree Download PDF

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CN105830720B
CN105830720B CN201610235093.5A CN201610235093A CN105830720B CN 105830720 B CN105830720 B CN 105830720B CN 201610235093 A CN201610235093 A CN 201610235093A CN 105830720 B CN105830720 B CN 105830720B
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cuttage
cuttings
soil
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torreya
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CN105830720A (en
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孙罗军
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Xuzhou Jiawang District eco agricultural science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.
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Hangzhou Fuyang Feibo Technology Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of plant asexual propagation, specially a kind of cuttage breeding method for coniferous tree.Coniferous tree is preferably that Torreya jackii specifically includes：（1）The construction in full exposure auto spraying cuttage pond：（2）Cuttings acquires and fringe processed；（3）Cuttage；（4）Maintenance management after cuttage；（5）It is managed after transplanting.The method of the present invention is simple and practicable, and reproductive survival rate is high, and heredity variation is small, management is convenient, is conducive to large-scale breeding, can effectively save Endangered Plant Torreya jackii, and the existence background of the species is northwards elapsed.

Description

Cuttage breeding method for coniferous tree
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of plant asexual propagation, and in particular to the cuttage breeding method of coniferous tree.
Background technology
Coniferous tree Torreya jackii（Torreya jackii Chan）Also known as Zhejiang Chinese torreya, Jia Shi Chinese torreyas, belong to taxaceae Torreya, is The few survivors gymnosperm of Tertiary Period remaining of new generation, the distinctive rare tree in China, the wild plant of national II grades of focused protection, There is more important meaning to climatic similarity of Quaternary ice age etc. to the classification of research category, flora.In addition, Torreya jackii material Matter is hard, there is fragrance, can utensil processed.
Torreya jackii is evergreen dungarunga or is often multi-branched shrub；Branch is verticillate or to life, carries out or sprig is sagging；Leaf pair Raw, for row at two row, matter is hard, wire lanceolar shape, 3-13 centimetres long, 3-4 millimeters wide, first has gradually thorn-like tip, base portion wedge shape to have Short handle, above light green, micro- tool 2 and unconspicuous middle arteries.Monoecism, male cone list leave armpit, tool 4-8 wheels often take turns 4 pieces Stamen.Ellipse or oblong, base portion have decussate bract, have short stalk.Female cone is born in leaf in pairs, respectively has 2 pairs of interactions To the squamella that raw bract and 1 piece of side are given birth to, has short stalk；Ovule Dan Sheng, uprightly, only 1 globe daisy development.Seed is all by meat Matter aril is wrapped, oval, 2-3 centimetres long, reddish yellow when ripe, and by white powder, embryo is significantly inwardly deep to wrinkle.
The mountain valley limes marginis that the Chinese torreya that comes into leaves is grown on moistening more, feels nice and cool, under hillside private parts hardwood forest, bamboo grove and overhanging cliff Rock gap in.It is distributed mainly on China's Southern Zhejiang, western part, In Western Fujian Province, the north, Jiangxi Province east, the north and Hubei Province north Some areas in portion, distribution are narrower.Geographical coordinate：112 °~122 ° of east longitude, 26 °~32 ° of north latitude are distributed the northern fringe In the townshiies Tonglu County Lu Ci of the Zhejiang Province ridges Cao Fei and Hubei Province Baokang County yellow township, one band of the big region of rivers and lakes；Nan Yuan is in Fujian Province Taining County The townshiies Mei Kou；Hole is grown in east along in the Xianju County in Zhejiang Province townshiies An Ling stone, west to Jiangxi Province Zixi County and Jingan County state-owned forest farms.
Torreya jackii distribution is narrow, resource scarcity, the destruction with mankind's activity to natural environment, wild Torreya jackii number Amount gradually reduces, and Torreya jackii seed maturity is long, and natural regeneration ability is poor.It is passed the winter using the storage of warm sand or is directly sowed, Germination percentage only about 0.5-1%.Thus it is badly in need of the artificial breeding for taking measures to accelerate Torreya jackii.Plant Research Inst., Jiangsu Prov. is from 20 generation The initial stage sixties i.e. beginning Torreya jackii of recording introduces a fine variety work, and by more than 50 years Domestication tests, Torreya jackii adapted to the gas in Nanjing It waits, has preserved that 2 plants of trees from Zhejiang introduces a collection are 6 meters high, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is up to 13 centimetres of big tree, to by the distributed areas of Torreya jackii From primary border northward extension.
The cutting propagation research for being directed to Torreya jackii in the prior art is considerably less, since Torreya jackii is extremely rare in the wild, city More suitable on field not have, Torreya jackii seed maturity is very long, and natural regeneration ability is poor, is passed the winter using the storage of warm sand or is directly broadcast Kind, germination percentage is only 0.5-1%, in addition, Torreya jackii is slow-growing, the requirement to environment is high, what the Chinese Academy of Sciences of Jiangsu Province preserved 2 plants of Torreya jackiis, more than 50 years in the past, sets 6 meters high, 13 centimetres of chest neck, but so far without solid, the situation of the prior art is unfavorable With the large-scale breeding of Torreya jackii, therefore, Endangered Plant Torreya jackii can be saved by studying effective invisible propagation method of Torreya jackii, And the existence background of the species is northwards elapsed.Cottage method disclosed in prior art application number 2013101994490, takes root Rate is relatively low, cutting propagation excessive cycle, and present inventor cooperates with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is improved on the basis of existing technology, Obtain excellent technique effect.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the cuttage breeding method for coniferous tree especially Torreya jackii, this method can be kept The good characteristic of Torreya jackii, and method is simple and practicable, reproductive survival rate is high, and preparing Torreya jackii nursery stock for energy large-scale application provides Technical guarantee.
A kind of cuttage breeding method of Torreya jackii provided by the invention, is as follows：
1, the construction in full exposure auto spraying cuttage pond：Select flat illumination abundance, topography, well-ventilated and draining convenient Local construction cuttage pond.Top is equipped with the automatic spraying system by time control, does not spread sunshade net, is full exposure condition.Skewer It includes several plastic crates to insert in pond, a gauze is covered in each basket, to prevent matrix from leaking out.The lower section in the wide direction of plastic crate The upper brick of both sides pad, to facilitate draining.
2, the preparation of cutting medium：Cuttage pond is using horse liver soil：Red soil：Turfy soil=3:3:The mixed base of 2 weight ratios Matter, bio-organic fertilizer is added in then press mixed-matrix total weight 3%, and mixes well, laying depth 20-22cm.
3, cuttings acquisition and fringe processed：Cuttage Best Times are generally late June to late July.The acquisition of cuttings is generally selected Rainy days or morning dew it is not dry when carry out, the acquisition current year raw sturdy branch from Torreya jackii kind tree carries out fringe processed, fringe bar make plus Work preferably carries out indoors, or in outdoor shady and cool place.Cuttings length 10-12cm stays leaf 4-6 pieces, lower clip to be trimmed to 45 degree of bevelings, are conducive to take root；
Clip under fringe bar is immersed in complex microorganism preparations, 30min.
The complex microorganism preparations include the raw material of following weight proportion：Sinorhizobium fredii zymotic fluid：Yellowish green wood Mould zymotic fluid：Candida fermented liquid：The lichen bacillus ferments liquid：Gibberellin：Turf：Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate=2：2：3：2： 1：5：1
The Sinorhizobium fredii is Sinorhizobium fredii（Sinorhizobium fredii）HNO1 is (referring to Fei Shi The research of putA genes in Sinorhizobium HN01, Tang Meiqiong etc., 2009)；
The trichoderma aureoviride is trichoderma aureoviride（Trichoderma aureoviride）ACCC32248
The candidiasis is specially candidiasis（Candida utilis）ATCC No.22023;
The bacillus licheniformis is specially for bacillus licheniformis（Bacilluslicheniformis）CGMCC NO.2276 (referring to CN101215537A)；
The preparation method of the complex microorganism preparations is first by Sinorhizobium fredii, trichoderma aureoviride, Candida Bacterium, bacillus licheniformis activate in a conventional manner, cultivates to viable count in bacterium solution and reaches 108A/gram acquisition zymotic fluid, will be upper Zymotic fluid is stated according to 2：2：3：2 mass ratios mix, according to weight proportion addition gibberellin, turf and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to obtain the final product.
4, cuttage：Cuttings cuttage depth is 3-4cm, and density seeding row spacing is the cm of 4 cm × 4；Watering after having inserted, make cuttings with Matrix is in close contact.
5, maintenance management after cuttage：Cuttings curing condition is full exposure, and adjusts water spray frequency and spray according to weather condition Water time length.
6, it is managed after transplanting：Transplanting medium is horse liver soil：Red soil：Turfy soil=3:3:The mixed-matrix of 2 weight ratios, and Complex microorganism preparations are added according to 8% weight ratio in mixed-matrix, helping to take root survives.Seedling is positioned over screening early period It under screened postive, burns to prevent sunlight burnt, after waiting 30 days or so slow seedlings, then moves to outdoor, and regard climate condition, spray is primary saturating weekly Water.In addition, replacing big nutritive cube in time, be conducive to Torreya jackii root growth and stretching, extension.
In the present invention, in step 5, sprayed water with the automatic spraying system of time control, first 30 days after cuttage, Time control water spray requires：It is sprayed 10 seconds within every 10 minutes in fine day；It was sprayed 10 seconds per 20-25 minutes under overcast sky；30 After it, time control water spray requirement is：It is sprayed 10 seconds within every 20 minutes in fine day；The spray 10 per 40-50 minutes under overcast sky Second.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：Its method is simple and practicable, and reproductive survival rate is high, and heredity changes small, manager Just, it is conducive to large-scale breeding, can effectively saves Endangered Plant Torreya jackii, and the existence background of the species is northwards elapsed.
For plant vegetative propagation field, how plant tissue differentiation regeneration plant is utilized, improves the reproductive number of plant, It is that study important technology emphasis be also technological difficulties to scientist, complex microorganism preparations of the invention are specifically for Torreya jackii The nutritional preparation of asexual cuttage root-taking stimulates root cell by a large amount of investigation and experiment, the moderate concentration of gibberellin Stretch it is vigorous, collocation Sinorhizobium fredii, trichoderma aureoviride, candidiasis, bacillus licheniformis formed one it is good micro- The ecosystem brings the beneficial microbe colony that pest and disease damage is built with conducive to plant growth and prevented in matrix into after immersion, improve Plant rhizosphere nutrient environment, metabolism can also reinforce the decomposition of soil organic matter, and reasonable compatibility between each strain, symbiosis is coordinated, Mutually antagonism, microorganism secretion root system regulator and ablastins can not take good care of the rotten mould root rot of seedlings root infection, phytophthora root-rot Sick, bacillary root rot and the sprout term diseases such as base rot disease and damping-off, samping off, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are continuing to supply nutrition, dimension The cuttage robust seedling impetus to be held, the adaptability of plant is greatly improved, improves entire survival rate, turf aeration is good, adsorption capacity is strong, Retain water and nutrients are conducive to microbial activities, enhance biological property, are rich in organic matter, humic acid and other nutritional ingredients.
Horse liver soil is a kind of distinctive soil of Lower Changjiang River region, and Sha Xingqiang is dry to consolidate root, wet to be retained, water permeable ability By force, it is most appropriate to the control of the moisture before cuttage rooting, the disadvantage is that water permeable ability is strong, dehydration is too fast, is easy to air-dry, single use Cuttage seeding can be made to survive rear base portion dehydration withered.Red soil has good permeability and larger salt balance ability, turf Soil property it is soft easily it is fragmentary, have it is inspiratory, be in subacidity, do not have water-retaining property.Present inventor is by a large amount of creative Labour, carries out screening contrast experiment, screens to go into action liver soil, red soil and turfy soil these four matrix from a large amount of cutting mediums According to horse liver soil：Red soil：Turfy soil=3:3:2 weight ratios are used in combination, and optimum Torreya jackii is taken root survival, mutual between each matrix Make mutual induction, achievees the effect that ventilative, moisturizing, solid root.Cuttage rooting can either be rapidly promoted, and plant after cutting survival can be promoted Growth.Using composite substrate culture Torreya jackii, Torreya jackii can be quickly and effectively obtained, solves the problems, such as its shortage.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
The construction of cuttage facility：In cuttage place research institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences nursery, selection illumination is sufficient, topography is flat, ventilation The good and convenient local construction cuttage facility of draining.Cutting bed is the plastics Turnround basket of the cm × 18 of 55 cm × 36 cm, basket bottom Portion is covered with a gauze, to prevent matrix from leaking out.Brick is padded on the lower section both sides in the wide direction of Turnround basket, to facilitate draining.On The height of 80 cm of side sets up the automatic spraying system by time control；Top does not spread sunshade net, is full exposure condition.
Cutting medium：The preparation of cutting medium：Cuttage pond is using horse liver soil：Red soil：Turfy soil=3:3:2 weight ratios Mixed-matrix, bio-organic fertilizer is added in then press mixed-matrix total weight 3%, and mixes well, laying depth 20- 22cm.It is irrigated 2 times with water before cuttage, matrix is made to suction moisture.
Cuttings acquires and fringe processed：Rainy days on July 23rd, 2014, the acquisition current year raw sturdy branch from Torreya jackii kind tree, And branch is erected and is inserted in bucket, there is the water of deep 10 cm in bucket.Interior is taken to after 300 branches of acquisition carries out fringe processed, cuttings Length 10-12 cm stay leaf 4-6 pieces, lower clip to be trimmed to 45 degree of bevelings, and 1 branch can be cut into 1-2 cuttings, finally there are 485 cuttings are used for cuttage, clip under fringe bar are immersed in complex microorganism preparations, 30min.
The complex microorganism preparations include the raw material of following weight proportion：Sinorhizobium fredii zymotic fluid：Yellowish green wood Mould zymotic fluid：Candida fermented liquid：The lichen bacillus ferments liquid：Gibberellin：Turf：Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate=2：2：3：2： 1：5：1
The Sinorhizobium fredii is Sinorhizobium fredii（Sinorhizobium fredii）HNO1 is (referring to Fei Shi The research of putA genes in Sinorhizobium HN01, Tang Meiqiong etc., 2009)；
The trichoderma aureoviride is trichoderma aureoviride（Trichoderma aureoviride）ACCC32248
The candidiasis is specially candidiasis（Candida utilis）ATCC No.22023;
The bacillus licheniformis is specially for bacillus licheniformis（Bacilluslicheniformis）CGMCC NO.2276 (referring to CN101215537A)；
The preparation method of the complex microorganism preparations is first by Sinorhizobium fredii, trichoderma aureoviride, Candida Bacterium, bacillus licheniformis activate in a conventional manner, cultivates to viable count in bacterium solution and reaches 108A/gram acquisition zymotic fluid, will be upper Zymotic fluid is stated according to 2：2：3：2 mass ratios mix, according to weight proportion addition gibberellin, turf and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to obtain the final product.
Cuttage：Cuttage depth is 3-4cm, and density seeding row spacing is 4cm × 4cm.It is watered with water sprager after having inserted, makes to insert Fringe is in close contact with matrix.
Maintenance management after cuttage：Cuttings curing condition is full exposure, and first 30 days after cuttage, time control water spray required For：It is sprayed 10 seconds within every 10 minutes in fine day；It was sprayed 10 seconds per 20-25 minutes under overcast sky.After 30 days, time control water spray It is required that being：It is sprayed 10 seconds within every 20 minutes in fine day；It was sprayed 10 seconds per 40-50 minutes under overcast sky.Cuttage seeding is moved in December Enter greenhouse.
Carry out take root investigation and transplanting in January, 2015, rooting rate 92.6% gives birth to the 449 plants of cuttage seedings taken root Root condition survey, the every plant of root of hair number that is averaged is 4.32,6.07 cm of average root long, 0.223 cm of rough.Before the present inventor Technology（Rooting rate 75%, mean elements 2.73, root long 4.35, rough 0.168）The time is not only saved, reduces nearly 3 months Culture, and obtain significant effect in the parameters such as rooting rate and root long, radical.
Transplanting medium is horse liver soil：Red soil：Turfy soil=3:3:The mixed-matrix of 2 weight ratios, and pressed in mixed-matrix Complex microorganism preparations are added according to 8% weight ratio, helping to take root survives.Seedling is positioned under sunshade net early period, to prevent the sun The bright coke of light after waiting 30 days or so slow seedlings, then moves to outdoor, and regard climate condition, and spray is primary permeable weekly.In addition, in time more Big nutritive cube is changed, Torreya jackii root growth and stretching, extension are conducive to.It is investigated on March 31st, 2015, acquisition altogether survives transplanting and comes into leaves 437 plants of Chinese torreya, transplanting survival rate are：97.3%.
The Torreya jackii plant obtained through the method for the present invention, growing way is strong, disease-resistant, can pass the winter safely, efficiently solve length The vacancy of leaf Chinese torreya market resource, has broad application prospects.

Claims (2)

1. the cuttage breeding method for coniferous tree, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps：
（1）It selects flat illumination abundance, topography, well-ventilated and drains convenient local construction cuttage pond；Top be equipped with by when Between the automatic spraying system that controls, do not spread sunshade net, be full exposure condition；
（2）The preparation of cutting medium：Cuttage pond is using horse liver soil：Red soil：Turfy soil=3:3:The mixed-matrix of 2 weight ratios, paving If thickness is 20-22cm；
（3）Cuttings acquires and fringe processed：Cuttage Best Times are late June to late July, and rainy days or morning are selected in the acquisition of cuttings It is carried out when dew is not dry, acquisition current year raw sturdy branch, carries out fringe processed, cuttings length 10-12cm stays leaf 4- from Torreya jackii kind tree 6, lower clip is trimmed to 45 degree of bevelings, is conducive to take root；Clip under fringe bar is immersed in complex microorganism preparations again, 30min；
（4）Cuttage：Cuttings cuttage depth is 3-4cm, and watering after having inserted makes cuttings and step（2）Gained matrix is in close contact；
（5）Maintenance management after cuttage：Cuttings curing condition is full exposure, and according to weather condition adjusting water spray frequency and when spraying water Between length；
（6）It is managed after transplanting：Transplanting medium is horse liver soil：Red soil：Turfy soil=3:3:The mixed-matrix of 2 weight ratios, and moving It plants in matrix and adds complex microorganism preparations according to 8% weight ratio, helping to take root survives;
The complex microorganism preparations include the raw material of following weight ratio：Sinorhizobium fredii zymotic fluid：Trichoderma aureoviride is sent out Zymotic fluid：Candida fermented liquid：The lichen bacillus ferments liquid：Gibberellin：Turf：Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate=2：2：3：2：1：5： 1;
The Sinorhizobium fredii is Sinorhizobium fredii（Sinorhizobium fredii）HNO1；
The trichoderma aureoviride is trichoderma aureoviride（Trichoderma aureoviride）ACCC No.32248；
The candidiasis is specially candidiasis（Candida utilis）ATCC No.22023；
The bacillus licheniformis is specially bacillus licheniformis（Bacilluslicheniformis）CGMCC NO.2276.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of the complex microorganism preparations is：First Sinorhizobium fredii, trichoderma aureoviride, candidiasis, bacillus licheniformis are activated in a conventional manner, cultivated to bacterium solution Middle viable count reaches 108A/gram acquisition zymotic fluid, by zymotic fluid according to 2：2：3：2 weight ratio mix, then add gibberellin, Turf and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to get.
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CN108934505A (en) * 2018-06-27 2018-12-07 陈东明 A kind of method that cutting strunk urges root cuttage banyan potted landscape
CN108848979B (en) * 2018-07-18 2021-06-22 陈东明 Method for cutting and direct planting of old sycamore piles

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CN102823358A (en) * 2012-09-21 2012-12-19 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 Method for promoting lateral rooting of annual carya illinoensis seed seedling
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CN103555624A (en) * 2013-10-25 2014-02-05 王天喜 Nitrogen fixation bacillus licheniformis and application thereof
CN104904499A (en) * 2014-05-09 2015-09-16 常州市金土地农牧科技服务有限公司 Method for grafting caryaillinoinensis

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102487719A (en) * 2011-12-30 2012-06-13 南京金埔园林股份有限公司 Simple cutting method for Ilex cornuta Lindli.et Paxt
CN102823358A (en) * 2012-09-21 2012-12-19 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 Method for promoting lateral rooting of annual carya illinoensis seed seedling
CN103053377A (en) * 2013-01-27 2013-04-24 管天球 Vitis davidii foex culturing method
CN103238448A (en) * 2013-05-27 2013-08-14 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 Cutting propagation method of torreya jackii chun
CN103555624A (en) * 2013-10-25 2014-02-05 王天喜 Nitrogen fixation bacillus licheniformis and application thereof
CN104904499A (en) * 2014-05-09 2015-09-16 常州市金土地农牧科技服务有限公司 Method for grafting caryaillinoinensis

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