CN106171467B - Rhododendron Ericatum seed propagation method - Google Patents
Rhododendron Ericatum seed propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106171467B CN106171467B CN201610625268.3A CN201610625268A CN106171467B CN 106171467 B CN106171467 B CN 106171467B CN 201610625268 A CN201610625268 A CN 201610625268A CN 106171467 B CN106171467 B CN 106171467B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for propagating rhododendron erinaceus seeds, which comprises the following steps: filling a mixed matrix of humus soil and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 3:1 into a tile basin; uniformly sowing seeds collected in the last year on the surface of the substrate in the last 4 th to middle 5 th of the month, and uniformly covering a layer of cut living moss on the upper layer of the seeds; watering thoroughly, covering with plastic film, keeping warm and keeping moisture, and replenishing water 2 times per week during germination period; uncovering the film after the seeds germinate, shading by 50-75%, maintaining and managing at normal temperature, and spraying the bactericide for 1 time every 2 weeks; transplanting the seedlings to a plug tray and maintaining and managing under a greenhouse condition after 1 year of cultivation, or directly transplanting the seedlings to a plastic greenhouse or an outdoor nursery after 2 to 3 years of cultivation for field management. The method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate and convenient to implement, can obviously improve the seedling rate of the rhododendron erinaceus, improve the seedling quality, reduce the difficulty of water management and disease control in the seedling stage, reduce the cost, and can be used for large-scale seedling culture and industrial development of the rhododendron erinaceus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and particularly relates to a rhododendron erinaceus seed propagation method.
Background
Rhododendron Erinaceus (A. Merrill.), (B. Merrill.), (Rhododendron simiarumHance belonging to Rhododendron of Ericaceae (Ericaceae) ((R))RhododendronL.) rhododendron evergreen (subven. Hymenanthes) as evergreen shrubs to small trees; the height is 3-10 m, the leaves are large and thick leather, the front sides of the leaves are yellow green, and the back sides of the leaves are covered by light brown furs; the umbrella-shaped inflorescence in the shape of a whole grows at the top, has 5-9 flowers, is milky white to pink, has purplish red spots at the throat, and is open for 4-5 months, thus being a good ornamental plant with good flower, leaf and plant shapes. The species distributionThe ecological moss dwarf forest is wide in region, produced in the west of Yangtze river, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Zhejiang and Hunan, born in hillside, mountain top and under forest with the altitude of 500 plus one 1800 m, is one of the main tree species of the mountain moss dwarf forest in the mountain area, and is also a group system with the widest distribution and the largest area in subtropical mountain top dwarf forest vegetation. The natural distribution region of the rhododendron erinaceus is wide, the distribution altitude is relatively low, so the cultivation adaptability in low altitude regions is strong, the rhododendron erinaceus is a large-leaf evergreen rhododendron which is expected to be popularized in large area in urban gardens of Yangtze river basin in China (a small amount of cultivation is available in gardens in east China and south China), and the industrialization and garden application prospects are wide.
The rhododendron propagation method mainly comprises cutting propagation, grafting propagation, seeding propagation, tissue culture rapid propagation and the like. The researches show that the rhododendron erinaceus cannot root after being cut for more than 1 year by adopting different hormones and different substrates (the cutting shoots do not decay, lose water, fall leaves and root), which indicates that the cutting rooting is very difficult; grafting propagation, the scion is difficult to heal with the female parent, and no successful report is found; tissue culture and rapid propagation are technologies which are rapidly developed in recent decades, although the propagation coefficient can be greatly improved, the rooting technology of the rhododendron fluviatilis tissue culture seedling is not effectively solved, and the successful propagation is not reported. Therefore, seeding and breeding are the only means for industrialization of the hedgehog hydnum from the current technology.
The sowing and seedling raising has the characteristics of high propagation coefficient (a large number of rhododendron seeds), good seedling root system, strong cultivation adaptability and the like, and is an effective domestication means for the original high-altitude mountainous rhododendron to gradually adapt to a low-altitude environment, but the rhododendron sowing and seedling raising still has many problems in China at present: the rhododendron seeds are extremely small and in a pityrosporum shape, the endosperm nutrient substance is less, the seedling growth is extremely slow (the height of a 1-year-old evergreen rhododendron seedling is more than 2-4 cm), and the seedling is delicate; strong light and dryness are forbidden in the seed germination and seedling growth processes, seedlings are dehydrated and dead due to short-term drought, and important soil-borne diseases, namely damping-off, in the seedling stage are easily caused to occur and spread due to overhigh humidity, so that seedling failure is caused. Therefore, the composition of the seeding matrix and the environmental factors are the key for determining the success or failure of the rhododendron seedling. Although the rhododendron has extremely high ornamental value and wide garden application prospect, no successful reproduction report is found so far. In order to accelerate the introduction, domestication and industrialization process of the hedgehog hydnum azalea in China, under the support of a plurality of rhododendron special items, in recent years, research and development of a substrate for seed propagation of the hedgehog hydnum azalea and research on a seedling cultivation technology are systematically carried out, a new substrate suitable for seeding and seedling cultivation is screened out, and the problems of slow seedling growth, difficult management, low seedling rate and the like of the seedling are successfully solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a seed propagation method with simple operation, convenient management, robust seedling growth and high seedling rate, so as to promote the industrialization and garden application of the hedgehog hydnum.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the rhododendron erinaceus seed propagation method comprises the following steps: (1) seed collection: in 11 th last month each year, the capsule is browned from yellow, the capsule is picked when the capsule is about to crack, the capsule is placed indoors for airing, and seeds are shaken out after the capsule is naturally cracked; (2) manufacturing a seedbed: sowing in a clay tile basin, adding broken tiles, broken stones and coarse-grained soil at the bottom of the basin, adding a mixed matrix of humus soil and vermiculite =3:1 in volume ratio on the upper layer, shaking flat, slightly pressing the matrix, and watering thoroughly; (3) sowing: uniformly broadcasting seeds on the surface of the mixed substrate in the step (2) in the last ten days of 4 months to the middle ten days of 5 months under the room-temperature greenhouse condition; (4) and (3) coating moss: uniformly covering a layer of cut living moss on the upper layer of the seeds, and raking and lightly pressing; (5) and (3) management of a germination period: watering after the moss is laid, covering a plastic film for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and spraying water for humidifying for 2 times every week; (6) seedling management and transplanting: uncovering the film after the seeds germinate, shading by 50-75%, maintaining and managing at normal temperature, and spraying the bactericide for 1 time every 2 weeks; transplanting the seedlings to a plug tray and maintaining and managing under a greenhouse condition after 1 year of cultivation, or directly transplanting the seedlings to a plastic greenhouse after 2 years of cultivation or directly transplanting the seedlings to an outdoor nursery after 3 years of cultivation, and managing the field.
In the step (1), capsules are picked together with fruit branches during capsule picking.
In the step (2), the thickness of the broken tiles, the broken stones and the coarse-grained soil is 6cm, and the thickness of the mixed matrix is 9 cm.
In the step (3), the sowing time of the cottage mountain is 4 middle and last ten days of the month.
In the step (4), the moss is living giant limpet collected from the under-forest shady and humid areas, is soaked and washed by tap water, impurities are removed, the moss is cut into fragments with the length of about 1.5cm, and the fragments are uniformly covered on seeds, wherein the covering amount is 1 layer of moss, and the thickness is about 0.3 cm.
And (5) spraying water by using a sprayer, wherein the film is a white transparent plastic film.
In the step (6), shading sun by 75% in sunny days, shading sun by 50% in cloudy days and not shading sun in rainy days in the seedling stage; the water spraying frequency is 2 times per day in sunny days, 1 time per day in cloudy days, and 1 time in 2-3 days in rainy days.
In the step (6), 1000 times of thiophanate methyl and 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution are alternately used as the bactericide.
In the step (6), the transplanting time of the seedlings is before young shoots sprout in early spring, and the optimal transplanting time in the cottage mountain area is 4 middle ten days of the month.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the method utilizes the characteristics of strong regeneration capacity of the rhododendron pulchrum, quick formation of new plants, creeping growth on the ground, good moisture retention and the like, thereby providing a high-humidity small environment for seed germination and seedling growth of the rhododendron erinaceus; meanwhile, the grifola frondosa can inhibit the occurrence and spread of the main soil-borne disease, namely damping-off. 2. In the method, the moss layer covers the upper layer of the seeds, so that the seeds are not easy to be stacked during water spraying, the uniformity of seedling emergence is improved, and the later growth of seedlings is facilitated. 3. The exposed soil is easy to cause surface hardening and substrate hypoxia, and is not beneficial to water management and seedling growth. According to the invention, the substrate surface layer is covered with the grifola frondosa, so that the surface hardening can be effectively prevented, and the water management difficulty is reduced. 4. According to the invention, the mixed matrix of humus soil and vermiculite =3:1 in volume ratio is adopted, the humus soil meets the nutritional requirements of seedlings, and the vermiculite improves the ventilation and drainage properties of the humus soil, effectively avoids matrix water accumulation and is beneficial to the growth of the seedlings. 5. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low technical difficulty and convenient management, can reduce the difficulty of water management and disease control in the seedling stage, save labor force, reduce cost, obviously improve the seedling rate and promote the growth of seedlings, and is suitable for industrialized seedling of the rhododendron.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of growing seedlings of the hedgehog hydnum in the 3 rd year by using the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The rhododendron erinaceus seed propagation method comprises the following steps:
1. seed collection: in 11 th last month, the capsule of the rhododendron is changed from yellow to brown, and immediately before cracking, the capsule of a plant with large capsule, plump seeds and no plant diseases and insect pests is selected, picked together with fruit branches, placed on grass paper or newspaper for indoor drying, and the capsule is naturally cracked in 3 months in 2 years and shaken out of the seeds.
2. Manufacturing a seedbed: sowing seeds in a clay tile basin with the diameter of 25 cm, and adding broken tiles, broken stones and coarse-grained soil with the thickness of 6cm into the bottom layer of the basin to increase the water permeability of the matrix; adding a mixed matrix of 9cm of humus soil and vermiculite =3:1 in the upper layer; lightly shaking the flowerpot to reduce gaps among the substrates, and finally raking and lightly pressing to flatten the surface layer of the substrates; and (5) watering thoroughly.
3. Sowing: and (3) uniformly sowing seeds on the surface of the mixed substrate in the middle and last ten days of 4 months under the room temperature and greenhouse conditions.
4. And (3) coating moss: immediately after sowing, the moss is covered. The moss is Living Botrytis cinerea (collected from the lower yin and dampness zone of Luosuan mountain forest)Hypnum plumaeforme) Soaking in tap water, washing, removing impurities, cutting into segments with length of about 1.5cm, and uniformly covering the seeds with thickness of about 0.3 cm; then the moss is lightly pressed to be bonded with the soil layer, so as to be beneficial to the rooting and the growth recovery of the moss.
5. And (3) management of a germination period: spraying water by a sprayer (without watering by a high-pressure water pipe) after the moss layer is laid so as to avoid scattering moss and seeds, and immediately covering the moss layer with a white transparent plastic film for heat preservation and moisture preservation; in the seed germination period, a sprayer is used for replenishing water and humidifying for 2 times every week, and the film is uncovered for management after the seeds germinate.
6. Seedling management and transplanting: the newly germinated seedlings grow weakly and are forbidden to be directly sunned and dry by sunlight, the sun is shaded by 75% in sunny days, 50% in cloudy days and not shaded in rainy days; the watering frequency is different according to the weather and the dry and wet degree of the matrix, and is 2 times per day in sunny days, 1 time per day in cloudy days and 1 time in 2-3 days in rainy days; the occurrence of soil-borne diseases-damping-off diseases at the seedling stage of rhododendron is serious, 1000 times of thiophanate methyl or 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution are alternately sprayed for 1 time every 2 weeks to control the occurrence and spread of the diseases. The growth of the rhododendron Erinaceus seedlings is extremely slow, the plant height of 1-year-old seedlings is about 2-3 cm, the early transplantation is not beneficial to the survival of the seedlings, the seedlings can be transplanted to a plug tray before young shoots sprout in early spring of the 2 nd year (namely after the seedlings are cultured for 1 natural year), and the maintenance and management are carried out under the greenhouse condition; if the seedling quantity is more, the seedling transplanting workload is too big, can directly transplant the seedling to the hot house before 3 early spring young sprout (namely after 2 natural years of seedling cultivation), or directly transplant to outdoor nursery before 4 early spring young sprout (namely after 3 natural years of seedling cultivation), carry out the field management, the most root systems of seedling are flourishing this moment, the trunk is robust, adaptation environmental capability is stronger, it is high to transplant the survival rate. The optimal time for transplanting seedlings in the Lushan area is 4 middle ten years per year.
The method for breeding the rhododendron by adopting the seeds has the advantages that the seedling rate is up to 73.67% when the seedlings are cultivated for 2 natural years (namely before young shoots sprout in early spring of 3 rd year), and the seedlings have developed root systems and grow robustly.
Example 2
The only difference compared to example 1 is that pure humus soil was used as seeding substrate and the upper layer of the seeds was not covered with grisey moss.
When the method is used for breeding the rhododendron, the surface layer of the matrix is easy to harden, the water management is difficult, the seedlings grow slowly, the root systems are underdeveloped, the damping-off disease is serious, and the seedling rate is low. The seedling rate of 2 natural years of seedling cultivation is only 42.37%.
Example 3
The only difference compared to example 1 was that the seeding time was 4 months old.
The method for breeding the azalea by adopting the seeds has the advantages that the germination time of the seeds is longer, the emergence uniformity is poorer, the germination rate is lower, but the later growth of the seedlings is good, which is characterized in that the seedling growth quantity is large, the root system is developed, the occurrence of diseases is less, but the final seedling rate is lower (63.33%) due to the lower germination rate. The main reasons are as follows: the temperature and the ground temperature are low in the last 4 th month (Lushan mountain, altitude 1050 m), and the low temperature prolongs the seed germination time; the rhododendron erinaceus has small seeds and less endosperm nutrient components, and the limited nutrition is greatly consumed due to the extension of the germination time, so that the seedlings are irregular and the germination rate is relatively low; but the seeding time is early, the seedling growth time is long before summer comes, the plants are strong, the safe summer-crossing of the seedlings is facilitated, and the damage of the damping-off disease caused by the high growth of 7-8 months is resisted, so the seedling grows well in the later period, and the seedling death phenomenon is light.
Example 4
The only difference compared to example 1 was that the seeding time was 5 mid-month.
The method for breeding the azalea by adopting the seeds has the advantages that the germination time of the seeds is short, the emergence uniformity is good, the germination rate is high, but the growth of the seedlings in the later period is poor, namely the roots of the seedlings are undeveloped, the plants are slender (overgrown), delicate and weak, the diseases are serious, and the final seedling rate is low (51.37%) although the germination rate is high. The main reasons are as follows: sowing in 5-month middle ten days of the Lushan mountain, wherein the air temperature and the ground temperature are suitable for the germination of the rhododendron erinaceus seeds, so that the germination time of the seeds is short, the seedlings are uniform, and the germination rate is high; however, the environmental temperature of the cotyledon and the true leaf stage is higher, so that the overground part of the seedling grows rapidly (overgrows), the plant is slender and delicate, the safe summer-crossing of the seedling and the resistance to the damping-off damage are not facilitated, the seedling dies greatly, and the seedling rate is greatly reduced.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its processes and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The rhododendron erinaceus seed propagation method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection: in 11 th last month each year, the capsule is browned from yellow, the capsule is picked when the capsule is about to crack, the capsule is placed indoors for airing, and seeds are shaken out after the capsule is naturally cracked;
(2) manufacturing a seedbed: sowing in a clay tile basin, adding broken tiles, broken stones and coarse-grained soil at the bottom of the basin, adding a mixed matrix of humus soil and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 3:1 at the upper layer, shaking flat, lightly pressing the matrix, and watering thoroughly; the thickness of the broken tiles, the broken stones and the coarse-grained soil is 6cm, and the thickness of the mixed matrix is 9 cm;
(3) sowing: uniformly sowing seeds on the surface of the mixed substrate in the middle and last ten days of 4 months under the room temperature and greenhouse conditions;
(4) and (3) coating moss: uniformly covering a layer of cut living moss on the upper layer of the seeds, raking and lightly pressing the living moss to enable the living moss to be bonded with a soil layer so as to be beneficial to the rooting and the growth recovery of the moss; the moss is living giant limnophyte collected from under-forest shady and humid areas, is soaked and washed by tap water, removes impurities, is cut into fragments with the length of about 1.5cm, and is uniformly covered on seeds, the covering amount is 1 layer of moss, and the thickness is about 0.3 cm;
(5) and (3) management of a germination period: watering after the moss is laid, covering a plastic film for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and spraying water for humidifying for 2 times every week; spraying water by a sprayer, wherein the film is a white transparent plastic film;
(6) seedling management and transplanting: uncovering the film after the seeds germinate, shading by 50-75%, maintaining and managing at normal temperature, and spraying the bactericide for 1 time every 2 weeks; shading sun by 75% in sunny days, shading sun by 50% in cloudy days and not shading sun in rainy days in the seedling stage; the water spraying frequency is 2 times per day in sunny days, 1 time per day in cloudy days and 1 time in 2-3 days in rainy days; transplanting the seedlings to a plug tray and maintaining and managing under a greenhouse condition after 1 year of cultivation, or directly transplanting the seedlings to a plastic greenhouse after 2 years of cultivation or directly transplanting the seedlings to an outdoor nursery after 3 years of cultivation, and managing the field.
2. The Rhododendron hybridum seed propagation method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), capsules are picked together with fruit branches.
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| CN109122260A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-04 | 舒城县中兴园艺场 | A kind of method of the western cuckoo cultivation breeding in Anhui |
| CN109392648A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-01 | 广州华苑园林股份有限公司 | A kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo |
| CN109673360A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-26 | 吉首大学 | A kind of fast breeding method of south Cortex Eucommiae grafting |
| CN112385351A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-02-23 | 湖南科技大学 | Ecological improvement method of saline-alkali soil |
| CN114303845B (en) * | 2022-01-15 | 2023-04-11 | 六盘水师范学院 | Seedling method of polygonatum sibiricum seeds |
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