CN106962028B - Camellia cuttage grafting integrated rapid propagation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method which is characterized in that camellia branches with perennial stem thicknesses larger than 3.0cm are subjected to cutting, and more nutrient substances in the coarse cutting can provide certain nutrients for rooting at the base part of the cutting and slightly extracting scions, so that rapid forming can be promoted. Meanwhile, the top end of the cutting is grafted with the target camellia variety scion, 2-3 whole leaves of the camellia variety scion are reserved and used as functional leaves for photosynthesis, and nutrients generated by the photosynthesis further provide nutrients required by growth. The invention adopts a cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method, completely overcomes the defects of other propagation methods, and is a novel rapid propagation method which is innovative, rapid in forming, advanced in flowering, good in quality, low in production cost, high in yield, rapid in effect taking and good in seedling quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of camellia propagation, in particular to a camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method.
Background
Camellia (Camellia) is a general name of plant germplasm of species, varieties and the like in Camellia of the family Theaceae for the main cultivation purpose of appreciation, and is called Camellia, Datura stramonium, winter-resistant, Sichuan Camellia, east China Camellia and the like, and is evergreen broadleaf shrub or small arbor. The camellia has various varieties, such as red, light red, white, pink, purple, black, compound colors and the like, has bright and colorful flower colors, has various flower shapes, has certain pollution resistance, and has high ornamental value, economic value and social value. The camellia has a long cultivation history, is deeply loved by people since ancient times, has great reputation internationally and is widely introduced and planted. Most camellia varieties have florescence concentrated in 12 months to 3 months in the next year, and are often used as excellent ornamental greening trees for landscape arrangement in parks and courtyards. In recent years, potted camellia has also been introduced into guest rooms, study rooms and balconies for decoration, and potted camellia is produced in batches in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu and the like, so that the potted camellia becomes one of main potted ornamental flowers and trees in winter in the flower market and is deeply loved by people as a flower in the sweet night. However, the existing camellia propagation speed is far from meeting the increasing needs of people, the existing propagation efficiency is not high, the production period of the camellia is too long, the corresponding production cost is increased, the market price of the camellia is higher, and the camellia cannot be widely accepted by the public.
At present, the existing camellia seedling raising method generally adopts the following four breeding methods: (1) the cuttage method comprises the following steps: the cuttage is to directly use semi-lignified cuttings of camellia varieties for cuttage, and the method has the advantages of capability of mass propagation and simplicity, and has the defects that the survival rate is different according to different camellia varieties, some varieties are high, some varieties are low, but the cultivation period is long, and the production cost is high. (2) The grafting method using Hongluzhen as stock comprises the following steps: zhejiang has an industry special for producing the red dew treasure rootstock, and the red dew treasure rootstock has sufficient sources. The defects that the Hongluozhen stock is easy to breed a large number of plant diseases and insect pests, particularly branch blight, in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, the Hongluozhen stock introduced in south China is almost destructively dead after 3 to 5 years, and the camellia scion which is grafted to survive is withered and dead together, so that the loss is heavy. If old villages and towns in the Shundde area of the Yanshan city of the applicant have historical habits of planting pot seedlings of camellia and selling, three batches of red dew rootstocks in Zhejiang are respectively introduced for grafting production of camellia in 2007-2008, and a large number of red dew rootstocks are gradually withered after 2009, and grafted camellia which is already grown and formed withers together and loses tragedy. (3) The grafting method after cutting rooting of the camellia oleifera comprises the following steps: cutting the branches of the Gaozhou camellia oleifera with stem thickness larger than 2.5cm, rooting and stabilizing the branches after half to one year, and then grafting other camellia varieties. The method utilizes waste of branches trimmed from large-scale oil-tea trees, changes waste into valuable, but has the defects of long cultivation period, low survival rate and high production cost. (4) The method for grafting the transplanted wild camellia oleifera comprises the following steps: the method is to graft camellia by taking the local Gaozhou camellia oleifera tree as a whole stock, generally directly digging the whole wild camellia oleifera tree with roots in mountains to prune and cut off the stems, planting the whole wild camellia oleifera tree, and grafting other camellia varieties after the growth is stable. One camellia oleifera can only develop one camellia, and although the camellia oleifera has the advantages of fast forming and short outplanting time, the camellia oleifera has low propagation coefficient and high production cost, and causes great damage to wild resources and ecological environment, and excessive excavation causes the wild camellia oleifera resources to be gradually exhausted, so that water and soil loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provide the camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method which has the advantages of high survival rate, high yield, rapid forming, early flowering, short cultivation period, production cost saving, ecological environment protection and wild resource protection.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose: a camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method is characterized in that camellia branches with perennial stem thicknesses larger than 3.0cm are subjected to cutting, and more nutrients in the coarse cutting can provide certain nutrients for rooting at the base part of the cutting and slightly extracting scions, so that rapid forming can be promoted; meanwhile, the scions of the target camellia varieties are grafted at the top ends of the cuttings, and the target camellia varieties mostly adopt camellia varieties with high ornamental value, strong adaptability and other excellent qualities; 2-3 whole leaves of the scion are reserved and used as functional leaves for photosynthesis, and nutrients continuously generated by the photosynthesis can continuously provide nutrients needed to be consumed for accelerating growth; nutrient substances are continuously and downwards conveyed to the base part of the cutting, so that the cutting is further promoted to rapidly root, the root system absorbs moisture and conveys the moisture to the top end of the branch, the scion can rapidly leaf and slightly extract to accelerate growth by obtaining enough moisture, and the purposes of efficient seedling culture and high yield are achieved.
As a further explanation of the scheme, the camellia cutting with perennial stem diameter larger than 3cm is used as the rootstock, and the specific steps comprise:
A. cutting the cuttings: the camellia oleifera branches with the stem thickness larger than 3.0cm are selected as cuttings, so that more nutrient substances are contained in the coarse cuttings, certain nutrients can be provided for rooting at the base parts of the cuttings and slightly extracting scions, and the cuttings can be quickly formed. Cutting the cutting into 25-30cm long, cutting the top part 0.2-0.3cm away from the bud, leaving 2-3 leaves, and cutting into horse ear shape at 0.3-1cm away from the base of the cutting; treating the base of the cutting with a mixed solution prepared by mixing NAA (naphthylacetic acid) and IBA (indolebutyric acid) according to a certain proportion for 10-15min before cutting, inserting a small hole on a substrate with a bamboo stick, inserting the treated cutting into a container, wherein the depth of the soil is 1/3 of the length of the cutting, inserting the cutting, compacting, and immediately spraying water;
B. scion taking: selecting robust and disease-free branches on the periphery of the middle and upper parts of a crown of a camellia scion, wherein the branches are aged, the eyes of the branches are full, and the terminal buds do not begin to spread leaves; the scion is picked and grafted at any time, collected in the morning on a sunny day, and the leaves except 2-3 leaves to be reserved are cut off completely, and moisture is preserved;
C. grafting: adopting a grafting method of peeling grafting, cutting a smooth and flat horse ear-shaped long cutting surface of 2.0-3.0cm at the position of 1.0-2.0cm of the back surface of the lower bud of the camellia scion, and cutting a small cutting surface of about 0.5-0.8cm long at the tip of the back surface of the long cutting surface to form a wedge shape; cutting the section of the cutting, selecting the smooth side of the cutting skin, drawing a longitudinal cut which is slightly shorter than the long cutting surface of the scion from the top to the bottom of the section opening through the skin layer to the xylem, and opening the skin layer along the edge of the cut towards the left and the right by using a tool tip to insert the scion into the cut; if the scion is too thick and is not easy to insert, a triangular notch which is about 3cm wide at the upper part and narrow at the lower part is cut on the cutting strip, so that the scion can be conveniently inserted; during the cutting, the long cutting surfaces of the horse ear shapes are tightly attached inwards and are inserted lightly, so that the long cutting surfaces of the scions are aligned with the forming layer of the cutting slips and the exposed cutting surfaces of 0.5cm are outside the cutting slips;
D. binding: after the scions are inserted tightly, moisturizing and fixing are carried out. The plastic film band is wound on the top end of the cutting to tightly and solidly bind the scion on the cutting, and meanwhile, the plastic film band is used for sealing the section of the cutting to prevent the section from evaporating and dehydrating to influence the growth. Then sleeving a special grafting plastic bag, and tightly binding the plastic bag below the connector;
E. and (3) management after grafting: spraying for 2-3 times every day after cuttage grafting, and keeping the relative air humidity at 70% -80% to promote the cutting to root; the temperature is kept at 21-27 ℃ which is suitable for healing the grafted camellia, and the healing of the grafted port is promoted; the method is characterized in that the survival of the grafted camellia in spring is detected in time in 18-25 days after grafting in autumn and 12-17 days after grafting in spring, after the leaves of the scion of camellia are spread and the buds are drawn out, a small opening is formed in the upper part of a bag for ventilation, so that new leaves gradually adapt to the external environment, the plastic bag is removed in rainy days or at night when the scion buds are drawn to 6-10cm, and meanwhile, the vegetative shoots on the rootstock and the sprouts which are newly drawn out are all cut off. Blocking light with 75-85% shading net in 5-11 months to prevent direct sunlight; in cold areas in winter, heat preservation measures are needed to be paid attention to when camellia is newly drawn.
Further, before cuttage, preparing a container and a matrix in advance, mixing the bagged matrix with yellow core soil and peat soil according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding a proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer mainly comprising peanut bran and bean cakes, uniformly mixing, sieving and bagging, and spraying water thoroughly before cuttage.
Further, a shading net with shading degree of 75-85% is built above the container seedlings, and 70-80% of relative humidity of air is kept.
Further, before grafting, a movable shading shed is prepared for wind and strong light shielding during grafting, and a grafting knife, a plastic film belt for grafting and a special plastic bag are prepared.
Further, in the management step after grafting in the step E, when roots are not formed yet, 0.2% by weight of monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer can be applied.
Further, in the management step after grafting of the step E, the relative humidity of air suitable for promoting the rooting of the cuttings is kept between 70 and 80 percent; the proper temperature of 21-27 ℃ for promoting the healing of the grafted camellia grafting opening is kept.
Further, in the management step after grafting in the step E, the survival condition of grafting is checked in time, 18-25 days after grafting in autumn and 12-17 days after grafting in spring. After the buds of the camellia scion are extracted, a small opening is formed in the upper portion of the bag for ventilation, so that new leaves gradually adapt to the external environment, and the plastic bag is detached in rainy days or at night when the buds of the camellia scion are extracted to 6-10 cm.
Furthermore, in the management step after grafting in the step E, the buds of the cuttings are removed in time so as to avoid excessive nutrient consumption to influence the growth of the camellia scions; the shading net does not need to be covered in cloudy days, and the shading net needs to be covered when the sun meets high temperature and strong light after the sun is connected.
Furthermore, in the step E, the control of diseases and insect pests of anthracnose and leafhoppers should be paid attention to.
Preferably, the Gaozhou tea-oil tree cuttings with perennial stem diameter larger than 3cm are adopted as the rootstocks, so that the method has the advantages of more nutrient substances, strong affinity, high survival rate, quick forming, early flowering and good quality.
Preferably, the camellia scion retains 2-3 whole leaves as functional leaves, can be used for photosynthesis to synthesize nutrient substances, and can further provide nutrients required to be consumed by growth.
Preferably, the mixed solution for treating the base of the cutting before cutting is prepared by mixing 250mg/L NAA and 250mg/L IBA.
The invention adopts the technical proposal to achieve the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts a cuttage grafting integrated method for rapid propagation, which is easy to learn and operate and the survival rate can reach more than 95 percent through repeated comparison for many times under the condition of multiple-variety experiments; the camellia uses Gaozhou camellia oleifera cutting with perennial stem thickness larger than 3cm as the rootstock, so that more nutrient substances are contained in the thick cutting, certain nutrients can be provided for rooting at the base part of the cutting and slightly extracting the scion, and the camellia oleifera can be quickly formed. The waste camellia oleifera branches subjected to pruning and shaping can be utilized, the environment is protected, the cost is saved, the affinity is strong, the flowering quality is good, the scions adopt camellia varieties with high ornamental performance, strong adaptability and other excellent qualities, 2-3 whole leaves of the scions are reserved and used as functional leaves for photosynthesis, and nutrients continuously generated by the photosynthesis continuously provide nutrient substances required to be consumed for accelerated growth. The survival rate is improved by more than 30 percent, the growth is rapid, the flowering period can be reached in advance by 1.0-1.5 years, and the camellia commercial seedlings can be outplanted to the market in advance by at least 1.5-2 years, so that the production cost is greatly saved and the market price of the camellia commercial seedlings is reduced; multiple experiments show that the invention has excellent effect under the conditions of specific temperature, humidity and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solution is described in detail with reference to specific embodiments below.
The invention relates to a camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method, which takes perennial Gaozhou camellia cutting slips as stocks, and the key of the camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation is a cutting and grafting technology, which is easy to learn and operate and has the survival rate of more than 95 percent. The camellia uses the Gaozhou camellia cutting with perennial stem larger than 3cm as the stock, waste camellia branches obtained by pruning and shaping can be utilized, the environment is protected, the cost is saved, the affinity is strong, the flowering is advanced, the quality is good, and the scion adopts a camellia fine variety with high ornamental value and strong adaptability. The cutting method is characterized in that tea-oil tree branches with perennial stem thicknesses larger than 3.0cm are subjected to cutting, and more nutrient substances in the coarse cutting can provide certain nutrients for rooting at the base part of the cutting and slightly extracting the scion, so that rapid forming can be promoted. Meanwhile, the top end of the cutting is grafted with the target camellia scion, 2-3 whole leaves of the scion are reserved and are used as functional leaves for photosynthesis, and nutrients continuously generated by the photosynthesis can continuously provide nutrient substances required to be consumed for accelerating growth. Nutrient substances are continuously and downwards conveyed to the base part of the cutting, so that the cutting is further promoted to rapidly root, the root system absorbs moisture and conveys the moisture to the top end of the branch, the scion can rapidly leaf and slightly extract to accelerate growth by obtaining enough moisture, and the purposes of efficient seedling culture and high yield are achieved. The following is further illustrated with reference to specific examples:
preparation of matrix
Mixing the bagging matrix with loess and peat soil according to a volume ratio of 1:1, adding appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer mainly including peanut bran and bean cake, mixing well, sieving and bagging.
(II) cutting the cutting
The perennial Gaozhou tea-oil tree branches with stem thickness larger than 3.0cm, strong sunny and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected as cuttings, so that more nutrients are contained in the coarse cuttings, the nutrients required for rooting of the base of the cuttings and slight extraction of the scions can be provided, and the cuttings can be quickly formed. Cutting into 25-30cm long strips, cutting the top part 0.2-0.3cm away from the bud, leaving 2-3 leaves, cutting into horse ear shape at 0.5cm away from the base of the cutting, and cutting with the cutting. Treating the base of the cutting with a mixed solution of 250mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 250mg/L indolebutyric acid for 10-15min before cutting, inserting a small hole on a substrate with a bamboo stick, inserting the treated cutting into a container, wherein the penetration depth is 1/3 of the length of the cutting, inserting the cutting, compacting, and immediately spraying water to penetrate after inserting, thereby grafting.
(III) scion cutting
The camellia scion is characterized in that robust and disease-free branches are selected from the middle and upper peripheries of a crown, the branches are aged, bud eyes are full, and terminal buds do not start to expand leaves. The scions are picked and grafted at any time, collected in the morning on a sunny day, and the leaves except 2-3 leaves which need to be reserved are cut off completely, so as to be well moisturized.
(IV) grafting
Cutting a smooth and flat horse ear-shaped long cutting surface of 2.0-3.0cm at a position of 1.0-2.0cm away from the back of the lower bud of the camellia scion, and cutting a small cutting surface of about 0.5-0.8cm away from the tip of the back of the long cutting surface to form a wedge shape; cutting the section of the cutting, selecting the smooth side of the cutting skin, drawing a longitudinal cut which is slightly shorter than the long cutting surface of the scion from the top to the bottom of the section opening through the skin layer to the xylem, and opening the skin layer along the edge of the cut towards the left and the right by using a tool tip to insert the scion into the cut; if the scion is too thick and is not easy to insert, a triangular notch which is about 3cm wide at the upper part and narrow at the lower part is cut on the cutting strip, so that the scion can be conveniently inserted; during the cutting, the long cutting surfaces of the horse ears are tightly attached inwards and are inserted lightly, so that the long cutting surfaces of the scions are aligned with the forming layer of the cutting and the exposed cutting surface of 0.5cm is outside the cutting.
(V) binding: after the scions are inserted tightly, moisturizing and fixing are carried out. The plastic film band is wound on the top end of the cutting to tightly and solidly bind the scion on the cutting, and meanwhile, the plastic film band is used for sealing the section of the cutting to prevent the section from evaporating and dehydrating to influence the growth. Then a special grafting plastic bag is sleeved on the sleeve, and the plastic bag is tightly bound below the connector.
(VI) management after grafting
The key of the integrated rapid propagation of cutting and grafting is shading, moisturizing, ventilating and bud removing.
Shading light: if the grafted seedlings meet high temperature and strong light after grafting, a shading net is required to be covered, the shading net is not required to be covered in cloudy weather, the grafted seedlings cannot be exposed to direct sunlight for a long time, and the grafted seedlings can transpire and lose water at an over-high temperature to cause the scions to die, a shading net with the shading rate of 75-85% is built on the grafted seedlings, and the proper healing temperature is 21-27 ℃. In cold areas in winter, heat preservation measures are needed to be paid attention to when camellia is newly drawn.
And (3) moisturizing: spraying for 2-3 times every day after cuttage grafting, wherein water cannot be accumulated when spraying water, otherwise roots are easy to rot, and the relative humidity of air is kept at 70% -80%, so that rooting is promoted.
Ventilating: the survival of the grafted camellia in spring is checked in time after 18-25 days after grafting in autumn and 12-17 days after grafting in spring, after the buds of the camellia are taken out, a small opening is formed in the upper part of the bag for ventilation, so that new leaves gradually adapt to the external environment, and the plastic bag is detached in rainy days or at the evening when the buds of the camellia are taken out to 6-10 cm.
And (3) bud removal: the vegetative shoots and the newly-extracted buds on the cuttings are cut off in time so as to avoid excessive nutrient consumption to influence the growth of the camellia scions.
(VII) pest control
The diseases and insect pests in seedling stage are mainly anthracnose (Colletotrichum camelliae Mass.) and tea lesser leafhopper (Empoasca pirisuga Matumura). The anthracnose of the golden camellia mainly damages leaves, fruits and young tips, the proper temperature for the disease is 25-28 ℃, and the disease is generated in 4-8 months. 700 times of chlorothalonil or 1000 times of 70% thiophanate liquid is sprayed at the initial stage of the disease attack, and 2000 times of trivia (25% pyraclostrobin) and 1500 times of prouwanon (25% difenoconazole) are sprayed at the full stage of the disease attack. The tea lesser leafhopper generates 12-13 generations in Guangdong year, adult insects and nymphs suck the tender tips and leaf juice of tea trees, the tips and the edges of damaged leaves turn red, brown, scorched and fall off, new buds are reduced, and even the tea trees cannot germinate. The spraying agent can be mainly sprayed by using 2000-fold liquid of 10% imidacloprid or 1000-fold and 1500-fold liquid of 25% bifenthrin.
Camellia flower part variety rapid propagation pot seedling contrast test condition table
The statistical data in the table are all derived from the data of the Yunxiang tea garden in the Guangdong Shunde camellia planting and production base, the data are all the camellia varieties which have high ornamental value and are popular in the national market in recent years after the time point of the production of the camellia starts to track the hexagonal scarlet and the strong fragrance, the flowering phase is 12 months to 3 months in the second year, the hexagonal scarlet is deep red, and the branches are numerous and green; the strong fragrant flower is pink, has unique fragrance, and is the first choice of potted flowers in the flower market in the recent years. The outplanting time refers to the time period from the beginning of the production of the camellia pot seedlings to the time when the camellia pot seedlings can be sold to the market, and the longer the time period is, the longer the period is, and the higher the production cost is. The cost fee includes the cost fee for dead plants. The price is the wholesale price of each pot of camellia, and the annual price fluctuates slightly according to the market conditions, but the whole price is stable. The price here is the average of several years of statistical data. As can be seen from the data, the main reason for influencing the quality of the camellia is the specific propagation method of the camellia, but the method has no great relationship with the variety of the camellia.
The rapid propagation method of five camellia shown in the table above is characterized in that:
(1) the cuttage is to directly use semi-lignified cuttings of camellia varieties for cuttage, and the method has the advantages of mass propagation, simplicity and low growth cycle and survival rate.
(2) The grafting method after cutting rooting of the camellia oleifera refers to cutting the camellia oleifera branches larger than 2.5cm, rooting and stabilizing the branches after the branches grow roots half year to one year, and then grafting other camellia varieties on the rooted cuttings. The method has the advantages of changing waste into valuable, utilizing waste of branches trimmed from the large oil-tea trees, and having the defects of long period and low survival rate.
(3) The grafting method using the red dew treasure as the stock has the advantages of guaranteeing the stock source of the red dew treasure, and the Zhejiang has the industry special for producing the red dew treasure stock. The defects that the Hongluozhen stock is easy to breed a large number of plant diseases and insect pests, particularly branch blight, in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, the Hongluozhen stock introduced in the south China is almost destructively dead after 3-5 years, and the camellia scion which is grafted to survive is withered and dead together, so that the losses are heavy.
(4) The method for grafting the transplanted wild camellia oleifera is to dig back the whole camellia oleifera with roots from the mountains, plant or put the camellia oleifera into a pot after pruning and stem cutting, and then graft other camellia varieties on the camellia oleifera after stable growth. One camellia oleifera can only develop one camellia, and although the camellia oleifera has the advantages of fast forming and short outplanting time, the camellia oleifera has low propagation coefficient and high production cost, and causes great damage to wild resources and ecological environment, and excessive excavation causes the wild camellia oleifera resources to be gradually exhausted, so that water and soil loss is caused.
(5) The cutting and grafting integrated method is characterized in that perennial Gaozhou camellia oleifera branches with stem thickness larger than 3.0cm are selected for cutting, so that more nutrient substances are contained in the coarse cutting, certain nutrients can be provided for rooting at the base part of the cutting and slightly extracting scions, and the cutting and grafting integrated method can be quickly formed. Meanwhile, grafting other camellia varieties on the cuttings. The advantages are that: the method has the advantages of waste utilization, ecological environment and wild resource protection, extremely low cost, high survival rate, photosynthesis of the leaves on the scions to convey nutrients to the cuttings for rooting, quick rooting of the cuttings, upward conveyance of absorbed water to the scions, early extraction of new leaves and tips by the scions absorbing enough nutrients, quick growth, advanced flowering, good quality and great shortening of the cultivation period.
Compared with the prior art, the survival rate of the integrated rapid propagation technology for cutting and grafting reaches more than 95 percent, the method has the advantages of waste utilization, waste change, ecological environment and wild resource protection, extremely low production cost, high survival rate, high growth speed, high forming speed, advanced flowering, good quality, short period and the like, and more nutrient substances in the coarse cutting of the camellia oleifera can provide certain nutrients for rooting of the base part of the cutting and slight extraction of the scion, and can promote rapid forming. 2-3 whole leaves are reserved on the scion and are used as functional leaves for photosynthesis, and nutrients continuously generated by the photosynthesis can continuously provide nutrients needed to be consumed for accelerating growth. Nutrient substances are continuously conveyed downwards to the base part of the cutting, so that the cutting is further promoted to rapidly take root, the root system absorbs moisture and conveys the moisture to the top end of the branch, the scion can rapidly take leaves and tips to accelerate growth after obtaining enough moisture, the growth is rapid, the period is short, and the income becomes effective quickly; the grafting survival rate of other commonly used potted camellia rapid propagation technologies using the Hongluozhen as a rootstock is less than 1%; after the wild Gaozhou oil tea is transplanted to survive, the grafting survival rate is about 80 percent, but the method has the defects of long growth period, high cost and damage to ecological environment by digging wild resources; the grafting method after cutting and rooting of the camellia oleifera branches has the defects of long period, low survival rate, slow income and effect taking and the like; the cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation technology overcomes the defects of other propagation methods, and is a novel rapid propagation method which is innovative, rapid in forming, advanced in flowering, good in quality, low in production cost, high in yield, rapid in effect taking and good in seedling quality.
It is worth noting that the technical scheme can be applied to the breeding of potted camellia and can also be applied to the breeding of ground-cultivated camellia.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method is characterized in that camellia branches with perennial stem thicknesses larger than 3.0cm are subjected to cutting, grafting of target camellia variety scions is performed on the tops of the cut branches immediately after cutting, and 2-3 whole leaves of the scions are reserved and used as functional leaves for photosynthesis; the method is characterized in that camellia oleifera cuttings with perennial stems larger than 3.0cm in thickness are used as rootstocks, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. cutting the cuttings: selecting a camellia oleifera branch with stem thickness larger than 3.0cm as a cutting, wherein the length of the cutting is 25-30cm, the top part is 0.2-0.3cm away from the bud, performing horizontal shearing, and reserving 2-3 whole leaves, and performing oblique shearing at a position 0.3-1cm away from the base part of the cutting to form a horse ear shape; treating the base of the cutting with a mixed solution prepared by mixing NAA and IBA according to a certain ratio for 10-15min before cutting, inserting a small hole on the substrate, inserting the treated cutting into a container with the depth of the soil being 1/3 of the length of the cutting, pressing the cutting after inserting, and immediately drenching water after inserting;
B. scion taking: selecting robust and disease-free branches on the periphery of the middle and upper parts of a crown of a camellia scion, wherein the branches are aged, the eyes of the branches are full, and the terminal buds do not begin to spread leaves; the scion is picked and grafted at any time, collected in the morning on a sunny day, and the leaves except 2-3 leaves to be reserved are cut off completely, and moisture is preserved;
C. grafting: adopting a grafting method of peeling grafting, cutting a smooth and flat horse ear-shaped long cutting surface of 2.0-3.0cm at the position of 1.0-2.0cm of the back surface of the lower bud of the camellia scion, and cutting a small cutting surface of about 0.5-0.8cm long at the tip of the back surface of the long cutting surface to form a wedge shape; cutting the section of the cutting, selecting the smooth side of the cutting skin, drawing a longitudinal cut which is slightly shorter than the long cutting surface of the scion from the top to the bottom of the section opening through the skin layer to the xylem, and opening the skin layer along the edge of the cut towards the left and the right by using a tool tip to insert the scion into the cut; if the scion is too thick and is not easy to insert, a triangular notch which is about 3.0cm wide at the upper part and narrow at the lower part is cut on the cutting strip, so that the scion can be conveniently inserted; during the cutting, the long cutting surfaces of the horse ear shapes are tightly attached inwards and are inserted lightly, so that the long cutting surfaces of the scions are aligned with the forming layer of the cutting slips and the exposed cutting surfaces of 0.5cm are outside the cutting slips;
D. binding: after the scions are tightly inserted, moisturizing and fixing are carried out; winding the cutting with plastic film band for several circles to tie the scion tightly on the cutting, sealing the section of the cutting with plastic film band, sheathing special grafting plastic bag, and tying the plastic bag tightly under the joint;
E. and (3) management after grafting: spraying for 2-3 times every day after cuttage grafting, and keeping the relative air humidity at 70% -80% to promote the cutting to root; the temperature is kept at 21-27 ℃ which is suitable for healing the grafted camellia, and the healing of the grafted port is promoted; 18-25 days after grafting in autumn, and 12-17 days after grafting in spring to check survival in time, after the camellia scion expands leaves and draws out buds, opening a small opening at the upper part of the bag for ventilation, so that new leaves gradually adapt to the external environment, removing the plastic bag in rainy days or at the evening when the scion buds are drawn to 6-10cm, and simultaneously cutting off all vegetative branches on the rootstock and newly drawn sprouts; blocking light with 75-85% shading net in 5-11 months to prevent direct sunlight; in cold areas in winter, heat preservation measures are needed to be paid attention to when camellia is newly drawn.
2. The camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that a container and a matrix are prepared in advance before cutting, the matrix for bagging is mixed by yellow core soil and peat soil according to a volume ratio of 1:1, a proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is added, peanut bran and bean cakes are mainly used as main materials, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the mixture is sieved and bagged, and water is drenched before cutting.
3. The camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method according to claim 2, characterized in that a shadow net with a shading degree of 75-85% is built above the container seedling, and 70-80% of relative air humidity is kept.
4. The camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that before grafting, a movable shade is prepared for wind and strong light shielding during grafting, and a grafting knife, a grafting plastic film strip and a special plastic bag are prepared.
5. The camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the management step after grafting in the step E, when roots are not formed yet, monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer with weight percentage of 0.2% is applied.
6. The camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method according to claim 1, wherein in the management step after grafting in the step E, vegetative shoots and newly-extracted buds on the cuttings are cut off in time, a shading net does not need to be covered in cloudy days, and a shading net needs to be covered in case of high temperature and strong light after grafting.
7. The camellia cutting and grafting integrated rapid propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that a Gaozhou camellia oleifera cutting slip with perennial stem thickness larger than 3.0cm is used as a stock, and grafting is performed immediately after cutting of the cutting slip; reserving 2-3 whole leaves of the camellia scion as functional leaves; the mixed solution for treating the cutting base before cutting is prepared by mixing 250mg/L NAA and 250mg/L IBA.
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| CN111657041A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 南京农业大学 | Efficient rapid propagation method for improving tea seedling resistance |
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