CN111657041A - An efficient and fast propagation method for improving the resistance of tea seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient rapid propagation method for improving tea seedling resistance, which uses Sucha as a scion and comprises the steps of cuttage, comprehensive management after cuttage, tea seedling field planting after cuttage, stock preparation, scion preparation, grafting and the like.

Description

An efficient and fast propagation method for improving the resistance of tea seedlings

technical field

The invention relates to an efficient and fast propagation method for improving the resistance of tea seedlings, belonging to the field of plant seedling raising.

Background technique

Tea tree reproduction is divided into sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction; tea tree sexual reproduction is the reproduction method of using tea seeds to sow seedlings to reproduce offspring, also known as seed reproduction; tea tree asexual reproduction refers to the direct use of the branches, roots, leaves and buds of the mother. The regenerative ability of vegetative bodies such as stem segments and other vegetative bodies is the method of cutting, layering, branching, grafting and tissue culture to obtain new plants, also known as vegetative propagation or single plant propagation. Although the sexual reproduction of tea trees is simple, the sexually propagated tea seedlings will have the phenomenon of character separation and difference, which makes the tea trees grow unevenly and the germination cycle is different, making the tea garden management and tea picking more difficult. In recent years, vegetative propagation is the most commonly used method in the breeding of improved varieties of tea trees. This method can maintain the characteristics of improved varieties, and the traits and growth of the offspring are relatively consistent, which is conducive to building a uniform tea garden, facilitates tea garden management and harvesting, and has a large reproduction coefficient. Promote the number of improved varieties; although asexually propagated tea seedlings have many advantages, compared with seedlings (sexually propagated tea seedlings), their adaptability is relatively poor and the survival rate is low.

In recent years, with the rapid changes in the world environment, tea trees are often affected by unfavorable factors such as high temperature, low temperature, drought, pests and diseases during their growth. The growth of tea seedlings ultimately seriously affects the benefits of tea farmers and enterprises. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the resistance of vegetatively propagated tea seedlings to ensure the early establishment and early production of new tea gardens. Grafting is an effective tool for breeding excellent seedlings, accelerating plant growth, effectively preventing biological diseases and saving endangered species. It has been used in agricultural production to improve the stress resistance of fruit trees and vegetables, and to increase yield and improve quality (Jiang Mengting et al., 2019 ). In recent years, Yin Meihong et al. (2020) improved the cold resistance of plum blossoms through grafting; Liu Binghua et al. (2020) evaluated the drought resistance of 4 varieties of walnut rootstock seedlings, and screened out excellent drought-resistant walnut rootstocks suitable for arid and semi-arid walnut production areas; Zehui et al. (2019) screened suitable grafting rootstocks for Shaanxi open-field pepper, and grafting promoted pepper plant growth, increased pepper yield and commercial fruit rate, and improved plant disease resistance. It can be seen that grafting is one of the effective techniques to improve plant resistance. At present, grafting technology is mostly used for grafting and changing tea trees in old tea gardens (Li Zhenping, 2017; Chen Yuanhua, 2017). However, the proportion of good varieties in old tea gardens is low, and the tea trees are older; therefore, although grafting can increase tea production in a short period of time and quality, but with the aging of the tree, it is still not conducive to the sustainable development of tea gardens. In recent years, tea tree breeding has received much attention, and the number of tea tree varieties in different tea producing areas has increased year by year. However, there are certain differences in breeding ability among varieties. Some varieties and rare varieties have weak cutting rooting ability, which leads to investment in maintaining the growth of tea seedlings. huge cost.

In conclusion, screening suitable tea tree rootstocks and improving the resistance of different tea tree varieties through grafting technology will help to increase the yield of tea trees and improve the quality of tea leaves.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an efficient and fast propagation method for improving the resistance of tea seedlings.

Technical solution: In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an efficient and rapid propagation method for improving the resistance of tea seedlings, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Cuttings: Cut the cuttings of Su Cha Zao from October to November every year, then soak the cuttings in 800 times of carbendazim solution for 2 minutes, take out and dip them in rooting water, and then dip the cuttings in the rooting water. The cuttings are inserted into the cutting matrix, and the water content of the cutting matrix is 90% by watering after cutting; in this step, the cuttings are selected during the period of October to November, which is not the spring tea and autumn tea picking season, and the use of the cuttings in this season does not affect the Tea production; in addition, compared with other tea varieties, 'Suchazao' has the advantages of high survival rate, high emergence rate and strong resistance. In addition, soaking and dipping in rooting water with carbendazim can improve the survival rate of tea seedling cuttings. Go to step 2;

Step 2. Comprehensive management after cutting: within 30 days after cutting, water once a day in the morning and evening on a sunny day, once a day on a cloudy day, and water on the next day after 30 days; after rooting, water 1 time every 3 to 5 days. Second, after the seedlings become established, gradually control the amount of irrigation and gradually extend the interval between irrigations; obtain 1-year-old Sucha early seedlings, and go to step 3;

Step 3. Planting of tea seedlings after cutting: reclaim the land, determine the transplanting time, planting density and method, and set up a planting plug tray; put a planting matrix in the planting plug tray, mix it with soil, cover with soil for 5 cm, and then step 2. The treated 1-year-old Sucha early seedlings are placed in the planting plug tray, and then the planting is completed after covering with soil, water, and soil. amount; go to step 4;

Step 4, prepare the rootstock: After two years of planting the early seedlings of Sucha obtained in step 3, select branches with a diameter of 0.6 to 1.3 cm as the rootstock, prune the rootstock 2 months before the grafting, and select the scion mouth. , smooth the mouth of the scion with a grafting knife, and then select the smoother and easier-to-operate side of the outer edge to cut down a straight 2-3 cm long flat surface, and the depth of the flat surface is to cut to the xylem As the criterion, then use a grafting knife to cut off 2/3 of the length of the cut cortex with a little xylem. After this treatment, the nutrients and auxin produced in the upper part of the branches cannot be transported downward, which promotes healing. Treated rootstocks are ready for use. After planting, after two years of growth, select branches with a diameter of 0.6 to 1.3 cm for grafting. The grafting method adopts the method of cutting. The best grafting time is when the tea tree grows robustly and the root system is developed. Taking the regional environment of Nanjing as an example, the best time for grafting is May-June. Go to step 5;

Step 5, prepare the scion: select the semi-lignified scion, the scion adopts the scion mode of one bud and one leaf, and a smooth oblique section is cut from top to bottom on the smooth, straight side without buds of the scion, and the inclined surface is oblique. The length of the cut surface is 2 to 3 cm, and the shape of the beveled surface corresponds to the straight cut surface in step 4; a reverse cut surface is cut off at the position opposite to the beveled surface on the scion, and the length of the reverse cut surface is 0.5 cm, The reversed surface is for better fit between the scion and the rootstock incision.

Step 6. Grafting: the scion obtained in step 5 is fast and tightly attached to the straight cut surface in step 4 with its beveled surface.

Further, in the step 6, the wrapping method of the film strip is clockwise wrapping from bottom to top from the bottom end of the anastomosis.

Further, when the rootstock moisture upstream is serious, cut 1～2 long 3～4 centimeters of drainage miter saws at the lower end of the grafting port or poke a toothpick on the lower end position of the film strip as a drainage port to prevent the upper flow of moisture from flooding. Blister anastomosis, affecting the healing can not survive.

Further, the scion with one bud and one leaf in step 5 is that there is one bud and one leaf on the scion.

Further, the planting plug tray in step 3 is a 128-hole standard plug tray.

Further, the transplanting time in step 3 is the period when the growth of the aerial part of the 1-year-old Sucha early seedlings is stopped and the growth of the root system is active.

Further, the cutting substrate in the step 1 is prepared by mixing peat, vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio is 4:3:2.

Further, the planting density and method in the step 3 is specifically ploughing the soil in the garden twice, according to the row spacing of 1.0-1.2 meters, excavating a planting ditch of about 40-60 cm, and backfilling the soil about 10-15 cm; Deep application of basal fertilizer can promote the root development of tea seedlings and enhance nutrient absorption. Then apply the fermented organic fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer into the planting ditch, cover with loose soil, leave a 30 cm planting ditch, and plant the tea seedlings in the planting ditch according to the plant spacing of 30 cm. The root system should not be in direct contact with the fertilizer to prevent burning. Seedling.

The rootstock variety used in the present invention is "Suchazao", and "Suchazao" is a fortune plant grown in 1986 by Nanjing Agricultural University, Lijiayuan Tongxin Tea Farm in Liyang City, Liyang Tianmuhu Tea Research Institute and Liyang City Agriculture and Forestry Bureau. Dingda White Tea (Fujian Introduced) is a variety bred through single plant breeding and systematic breeding in tea gardens, and is recognized by provincial elite varieties. 'Suchazao' is an extra-early species, shrub type, middle-leaf type. The tree is half-open, the branches are low, the density is medium, the leaves are horizontal or inclined; It has strong cold resistance and drought resistance, and is suitable for widespread planting in southern Jiangsu tea regions (Fang Wanping et al., 2008; Jia Shangzhi et al., 2011). 'Su Chazao' cuttings have the characteristics of strong rooting ability, developed root system, fast seedling formation and strong resistance, and have the characteristics of excellent rootstock. Therefore, the present invention uses 'Su Chazao', 'Longjing 43' and other tea tree varieties as materials to screen suitable grafting rootstocks for tea trees, and through grafting technology to accelerate the propagation efficiency of excellent varieties in different regions, improve the resistance of tea trees, and thereby speed up the improvement of tea tree varieties pace and increase the efficiency of tea enterprises.

Beneficial effects: (1) the 'Suchazao' variety used in this method is a tea tree variety with strong resistance and strong root system, and using it as a rootstock can obtain the effect of rapid propagation of tea seedlings, and has a higher survival rate; (2) The method used in the present invention can make all the tea trees in the tea garden have uniform traits of fine varieties, can reduce the management of the tea garden, and improve the breeding speed of fine seeds. It is of great significance to solve the problem of the breeding speed of improved varieties in tea gardens in my country, shorten the promotion period of improved varieties, reduce production costs, improve product quality and market competitiveness, and promote the rapid development of the tea industry.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows the cutting growth status of "Su Chazao".

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The invention provides an efficient and fast propagation method for improving the resistance of tea seedlings, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Cuttings: Cut the cuttings of Su Cha Zao from October to November every year, then soak the cuttings in 800 times of carbendazim solution for 2 minutes, take out and dip them in rooting water, and then dip the cuttings in the rooting water. The cuttings are inserted into the cutting matrix, and the water content of the cutting matrix is 90% by watering after cutting; in this step, the cuttings are selected during the period of October to November, which is not the spring tea and autumn tea picking season, and the use of the cuttings in this season does not affect the Tea production; in addition, compared with other tea varieties, 'Suchazao' has the advantages of high survival rate, high emergence rate and strong resistance. In addition, soaking and dipping in rooting water with carbendazim can improve the survival rate of tea seedling cuttings. Go to step 2;

Step 2. Comprehensive management after cutting: within 30 days after cutting, water once a day in the morning and evening on a sunny day, once a day on a cloudy day, and water on the next day after 30 days; after rooting, water 1 time every 3 to 5 days. Second, after the seedlings become established, gradually control the amount of irrigation and gradually extend the interval between irrigations; obtain 1-year-old Sucha early seedlings, and go to step 3;

Step 3. Planting of tea seedlings after cutting: reclaim the land, determine the transplanting time, planting density and method, and set up a planting plug tray; put a planting matrix in the planting plug tray, mix it with soil, cover with soil for 5 cm, and then step 2. The treated 1-year-old Sucha early seedlings are placed in the planting plug tray, and then the planting is completed after covering with soil, water, and soil. quantity;

Step 4, prepare the rootstock: after the early seedlings of Sucha obtained in step 3 are planted for two years, select branches with a diameter of 0.6-1.3 cm as the rootstock, prune the rootstock 2 months before the grafting, and select the scion mouth. , smooth the mouth of the scion with a grafting knife, and then select the smoother and easier-to-operate side of the outer edge to cut down a straight 2-3 cm long flat surface, and the depth of the flat surface is to cut to the xylem As the criterion, then use a grafting knife to cut off 2/3 of the length of the cut cortex with a little xylem, and the treated rootstock is ready for use. After planting, after two years of growth, select branches with a diameter of 0.6 to 1.3 cm for grafting. The grafting method adopts the method of cutting. The best grafting time is when the tea tree grows robustly and the root system is developed. Taking the regional environment of Nanjing as an example, the best time for grafting is May-June. Go to step 5;

Step 5, prepare the scion: select the semi-lignified scion, the scion adopts the scion mode of one bud and one leaf, and a smooth oblique section is cut from top to bottom on the smooth, straight side without buds of the scion, and the inclined surface is oblique. The length of the cut surface is 2-3 cm, and the shape of the beveled surface corresponds to the straight cut surface in step 4; a reverse cut surface is cut off at the position opposite to the beveled surface on the scion, and the length of the reverse cut surface is 0.5 cm.

Step 6. Grafting: the scion obtained in step 5 is fast and tightly attached to the straight cut surface in step 4 with its beveled surface.

The wrapping method of the film strip in step 6 is to wrap clockwise from bottom to top from the bottom end of the anastomosis. When the water flow of the rootstock is serious, cut 1 to 2 drainage miter slits with a length of 3 to 4 cm at the lower end of the grafting mouth or poke a toothpick on the lower end of the film strip as a drainage hole to prevent the water from flooding the anastomosis. , affect the healing can not survive. The scion with one bud and one leaf in step 5 is that there is one bud and one leaf on the scion. The planting plug tray in step 3 is a 128-hole standard plug tray. The transplanting time in step 3 is the period when the growth of the aerial part of the early seedlings of 1-year-old Sucha has stopped and the growth of the root system is active. The cutting substrate in step 1 is made by mixing peat, vermiculite and perlite, and its volume ratio is 4:3:2. The planting density and method in step 3 is to plough the soil in the garden twice, according to the row spacing of 1.0 to 1.2 meters, excavate a planting trench of about 40 to 60 cm, and backfill about 10 to 15 cm of soil; deep application of basal fertilizer can promote The root system of tea seedlings develops and enhances nutrient absorption. Then apply the fermented organic fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer into the planting ditch, cover with loose soil, leave a 30 cm planting ditch, and plant the tea seedlings in the planting ditch according to the plant spacing of 30 cm. The roots cannot be in direct contact with the fertilizer to prevent burning. Seedling.

Comparative Example 1

The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the rootstock variety is "Longjing 43".

Comparative Example 2

The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is only that the rootstock variety is "Fuding Dabai".

Comparative Example 3

The only difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the rootstock variety is "Baiye No. 1".

The resistances of the rootstocks in the above-mentioned Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were recorded, and the following table was obtained:

Table 1 Growth and development of cuttings and roots of different tea varieties

It can be seen from Table 1 that, compared with other varieties, the cuttings of ‘Su Chazao’ have obvious advantages in terms of healing rate, maximum number of hair roots and longest root length.

Table 2 Survival rate and emergence rate of tea seedlings of different varieties

100 short ears of each variety were randomly selected to investigate the survival rate and emergence rate, and repeated three times. From Table 2, it can be seen that there are significant differences in the seedling rate of different tea varieties. Compared with other varieties, the survival rate of 'Suchazao' is the highest; in terms of the emergence rate, there is a difference between 'Suchazao' and 'Zhongcha 108' Not significant, but significantly higher than 'Baiye 1' and 'Longjing 43'. Based on the data of seedling growth rate and nursery emergence rate, the comprehensive effect of 'Su Cha Zao' is better.

Table 3 Grafting survival rate of different varieties

It can be seen from Table 3 that the grafting effect of Su Cha Zao as a rootstock is more obvious, and the survival rate reaches 77.5%.

Table 4 Heat damage index of different rootstocks after grafting

Analysis of heat damage index: 10 grafted seedlings with the same growth vigor were selected for different rootstock varieties and subjected to heat shock stress treatment (35 ℃), and each group was repeated three times. The grading standard is grade 0: no heat damage symptoms; grade 1: 1-2 leaves turn yellow; grade 2: all leaves turn yellow; grade 3: 1-2 leaves wilt; grade 4: the whole plant wilts and dies. Heat damage index=∑(number of plants at all levels×number of levels)/(number of highest levels×total number of plants)×100%.

It can be seen from Table 4 that under high temperature stress, the heat damage index of 'Suchazao' as a rootstock was only 30.23%, which was significantly lower than that of 'Baiye 1', 'Longjing 43' and 'Zhongcha 108'.

Table 5 Leaf green fluorescence and MDA content of grafted seedlings with different rootstocks

Analysis of cold resistance and drought resistance: 10 grafted seedlings with uniform growth of different rootstock varieties were selected for low temperature stress treatment (0℃12h) and natural drought stress treatment, and each group was repeated three times. The 3rd and 4th mature leaves under the terminal bud were selected to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm value and malondialdehyde content, and repeated three times.

Po是反应PSⅡ反应中心光能利用的效率和潜在活性的重要指标，逆境胁迫下，Fv/Fm降幅较小，则PSⅡ受伤害较轻。逆境胁迫下，往往发生膜脂过氧化作用，丙二醛(MDA)是植物细胞膜脂过氧化的产物，其含量大小是衡量植物细胞膜脂过氧化和质膜受损伤程度的重要指标。在低温胁迫下，‘苏茶早’和‘中茶108’的Fv/Fm值较为接近均显著高于‘白叶1号’和‘龙井43’；此外，‘苏茶早’作为砧木时MDA含量最低，显著低于其他3个砧木。在干旱胁迫下，‘苏茶早’作为砧木时Fv/Fm值显著高于其余3个品种，同时MDA含量显著低于其他品种。It can be seen from Table 5 that Fv/Fm is

Po is an important indicator of the efficiency and potential activity of light energy utilization in the reaction center of PSII. Under stress, the decrease of Fv/Fm is smaller, and PSII is less injured. Under stress, membrane lipid peroxidation often occurs. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the product of plant cell membrane lipid peroxidation, and its content is an important indicator to measure the degree of plant cell membrane lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane damage. Under low temperature stress, the Fv/Fm values of 'Suchazao' and 'Zhongcha 108' were close and significantly higher than those of 'Baiye 1' and 'Longjing 43'; The lowest content was significantly lower than the other three rootstocks. Under drought stress, the Fv/Fm value of 'Suchazao' as a rootstock was significantly higher than that of the other three cultivars, and the MDA content was significantly lower than that of other cultivars.

To sum up: Whether it is the survival rate of cuttings and the rate of emergence, or from the grafting as rootstock, 'Suchazao' has obvious advantages compared with other varieties, showing high survival rate of cuttings, high rate of emergence, and affinity with scions. It has better cold resistance, drought resistance and heat resistance; using 'Su Chazao' as a grafting rootstock can save costs, shorten the propagation time of improved varieties, accelerate the construction of tea gardens, and enhance the resistance of tea trees. . It can be seen that 'Su Chazao' is an excellent rootstock for rapid propagation of fine tea trees. Therefore, the present invention provides an efficient and rapid propagation method for improving the resistance of tea seedlings, which has the advantages of solving the problem of the breeding speed of improved varieties in tea gardens in my country, shortening the promotion period of improved varieties, reducing production costs, improving product quality and market competitiveness, and promoting the rapid development of the tea industry. very important meaning.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An efficient rapid propagation method for improving tea seedling resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, cuttage: cutting the cutting slips of the Sucha morning in 10-11 months of each year, then soaking the cutting slips in 800 times of carbendazim solution for 2 minutes, taking out the cutting slips, dipping rooting water in the cutting slips, cutting the cutting slips dipped with the rooting water into a cutting medium, and watering the cutting medium after cutting to ensure that the water content of the cutting medium is 90%; turning to the step 2;

step 2, comprehensive management after cuttage: watering 1 time in the morning and evening in sunny days, 1 time in cloudy days, and watering every other day after 30 days; after rooting, irrigating for 1 time every 3-5 days, and after the seedlings grow into plants, gradually controlling the irrigation amount and gradually prolonging the irrigation interval time; obtaining early seedlings of 1-year-old Su tea, and turning to the step 3;

step 3, planting the tea seedlings after cuttage: cultivating and cultivating land, determining transplanting time, planting density and mode, and setting planting hole trays; placing a planting matrix in a planting hole tray, mixing the planting matrix with soil, covering soil for 5 cm, placing the 1-year-old early Su tea seedlings processed in the step 2 into the planting hole tray, covering soil, irrigating water and covering soil to complete planting, wherein the distance between the top of the planting hole tray and the top of the planting hole tray is 10-15 cm after the last time of covering soil;

step 4, stock preparation: selecting branches with the diameter of 0.6-1.3 cm from the early seedlings of the Sucha obtained in the step 3 as stocks after two years of field planting, trimming the stocks 2 months before grafting, selecting grafting openings, cutting the grafting openings smoothly by using a grafting knife, then selecting one side with smooth outer edges and easy operation, vertically and downwards cutting a straight cutting surface with the length of 2-3 cm, wherein the depth of the straight cutting surface is determined by cutting to xylem, cutting 2/3 of the cut cortex slightly with the xylem by using the grafting knife, and processing the stocks for later use until the stocks are processed;

step 5, preparing scions: selecting a semi-lignified scion, wherein the length of the scion is 5-6 cm, the scion is a bud-leaf scion, a smooth oblique cut surface is cut on the smooth, flat and non-bud side of the scion from top to bottom, the length of the oblique cut surface is 2-3 cm, and the shape of the oblique cut surface corresponds to the shape of the straight cut surface in the step 4; and cutting a reverse bevel face at the position opposite to the bevel face on the scion, wherein the length of the reverse bevel face is 0.5 cm.

Step 6, grafting: and (4) enabling the oblique cut surface of the cion obtained in the step (5) to be rapidly and tightly attached to the straight cut surface obtained in the step (4), and wrapping the film strip at the inosculating part of the oblique cut surface and the straight cut surface.

2. The efficient rapid propagation method for improving the resistance of tea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the film strips in the step 6 are wrapped from the bottom end of the inosculating part clockwise from bottom to top.

3. The efficient rapid propagation method for improving the resistance of the tea seedlings according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: when the water of the rootstock flows upwards seriously, 1-2 drainage inclined saw cuts with the length of 3-4 cm at the lower end of the grafting opening or toothpicks are poked at the lower end of the film strip to serve as the drainage opening so as to prevent the water from flowing upwards to submerge the anastomosis part and influence the healing and can not survive.

4. The efficient rapid propagation method for improving the resistance of tea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the scions with one bud and one leaf in the step 5 are scions with one bud and one leaf.

5. The efficient rapid propagation method for improving the resistance of the tea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the planting hole tray in the step 3 is a 128-hole standard hole tray.

6. The efficient rapid propagation method for improving the tea seedling resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanting time in the step 3 is a period when the overground part of the early seedlings of 1-year-old Su tea stops growing and the root system grows actively.

7. The efficient rapid propagation method for improving the resistance of tea seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting medium in the step 1 is prepared by mixing turf, vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio is 4: 3: 2.

8. The efficient rapid propagation method for improving the resistance of the tea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the planting density and mode in the step 3 are specifically that the soil in the garden is deeply ploughed twice, planting ditches about 40-60 cm are excavated according to the row spacing of 1.0-1.2 m, and the backfill soil is about 10-15 cm; and then applying the fermented organic fertilizer or the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer into the planting ditches, covering the planting ditches with loosened soil, leaving 30cm planting ditches, and planting the tea seedlings into the planting ditches according to the plant spacing of 30cm, wherein root systems cannot be in direct contact with the fertilizer, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt.

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