CN111386979A - Seedling growing method of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae - Google Patents
Seedling growing method of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae Download PDFInfo
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- CN111386979A CN111386979A CN202010222351.2A CN202010222351A CN111386979A CN 111386979 A CN111386979 A CN 111386979A CN 202010222351 A CN202010222351 A CN 202010222351A CN 111386979 A CN111386979 A CN 111386979A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, and particularly relates to a seedling growing method of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae. The method comprises the general processes of infrastructure construction, matrix preparation, rhizoma atractylodis seed treatment, seedbed laying, sowing, seedling stage management and seedling transplanting. The method has the advantages that (1) facility greenhouse seedling culture is used, and the influence of severe weather such as rainy days, high-temperature days and the like on the seedlings in the growth process is avoided. (2) The ventilation openings of the greenhouse are provided with insect-proof nets, so that insect pests can be effectively prevented and treated in the high-incidence period of the insect pests. (3) Sandy loam which is loose in soil, high in humus content and good in drainage is selected as a seedling pond for seedling cultivation to be paved on the ground, and the ground is good in water permeability. (4) The non-woven fabrics are laid on the ground, so that the underground pests are prevented and the weed is prevented and killed. (5) The treated substrate is adopted for seedling culture, firstly, the soil is loose, the nutrition is rich, the microbial population is large, and enough space can be provided for the seedling growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, and particularly relates to a seedling growing method of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae.
Background
Rhizoma atractylodis rhizoma A. chinensis (DC.) Koidz, and rhizoma atractylodis rhizoma is perennial herb with plant height of 40-50 cm. The rhizomes are enlarged and nodular. The stem is single or slightly divergent at the top. The leaves are intergrown, the lower part of the leaf is spoon-shaped, the base part is in a handle shape with wings, and the base part Wedge-shaped The teeth are round, the edge of the teeth is provided with discontinuous thorn-shaped teeth, the teeth are flat, leafy and smooth. The cephalic inflorescence grows at the top end of a stem tip, the leaf-shaped bracts at the base parts are in a needle shape, the edges are in a long pectinate shape and are slightly shorter than cephalic flowers, the total bracts are in a cup shape, the total bracts are 7-8 rows, and the cephalic inflorescence grows slightly hairy, tubular flowers and white corolla. Long, dense, silvery, soft hair, and feather-like. The florescence is 7-8 months, and the fruit period is 8-10 months.
North rhizoma Atractylodis is mainly distributed in the northwest of Qinling mountains in Shaanxi province, in Hebei, Nemeng, Shanxi province, etc.
At present, the method for culturing the seedlings of the Atractylodes chinensis adopts ridge-forming seedling culture and plug seedling culture in a field.
The ridging seedling raising in the field mainly comprises the steps of selecting sandy soil with loose soil, spreading seeds on ridges after ridging, covering the seeds with soil, and covering straw mats on the ridges. Firstly, the seedling raising method is greatly influenced by weather, and because rhizoma atractylodis is not favored by water, if rainy weather occurs, sclerotinia and anthracnose can occur to seedlings, the disease infection area is large due to root rot, and large-area seedling death can be directly caused. Secondly, the northern rhizoma atractylodis is greatly influenced by high temperature, is fond of shade and cool, and has high fatality rate if seedlings easily suffer from leaf spot and withering in high-temperature weather. When the aphid breeding device is influenced by weather, the aphid is damaged greatly in the May pest and disease damage high-rise period, the aphid is bred quickly, and the damage of the aphid is also large. Underground insect pests are also very serious and difficult to control, local pests directly bite rootstocks to cause direct death of seedlings, and the insect pests are not easy to be found in the early stage and are late when waiting for finding. Finally, the soil-borne diseases are serious, due to the fact that the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae has self-toxicity in the growth process, continuous cropping occurs, if the soil is continuously used in the second year, the diseases are increased, the survival rate of seedlings is very low, the control is difficult after the diseases occur in the later period, and meanwhile the utilization rate of the soil is reduced.
The plug seedling, because of seeding and seedling in the plug, can all receive the influence of weather except can reducing soil-borne disease and secret pest. Due to the limited space of the hole tray, one hole can not be realized in the sowing process, but a plurality of holes can be realized, so that the seedling growth space is insufficient, and the seedling can not grow quickly. Although the hole disk isolates the soil insects, the downward growth of the root system and the absorption of nutrients in the soil are also isolated, and the growth of the seedlings is also influenced.
The two are seriously damaged by weeds, and particularly in the early stage of seedling growth, the weeds directly influence the growth of the seedlings and even inhibit the growth of the seedlings. And the survival rate of the two is very low, and the survival rate is low has two reasons, the first is seed treatment, and most of seedling raising knowledge is simple to carry out sterilization treatment, can not supply nutrition for the seed, leads to the seed survival rate to be low, and the second reason just can not provide a suitable environment for the seed in the process of developing. At present, the seedling raising technology of the atractylodes rhizome in China is incomplete, the seedling raising methods in various regions are various, but the survival rate is not high, most of the atractylodes rhizome in China are field seedling raising, and therefore seeds, land, manpower, financial resources and the like are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling raising method of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, which solves the problems of insect pest, underground pest, soil-borne disease, leaf spot, anthrax, low survival rate and the like in the existing seedling raising method.
The realization process of the invention is as follows:
A seedling raising method of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae comprises the following steps:
(1) Infrastructure construction
Greenhouse (B): building a single-mode greenhouse, arranging ventilation openings on two sides of the single-mode greenhouse, wherein the ventilation openings are provided with insect-proof nets, and a cold-proof quilt is arranged on the top of the single-mode greenhouse;
Construction in the shed: fog spraying facilities are arranged in the shed of the single-mode greenhouse every 1-2 m 2Arranging a spray head, and respectively arranging a thermometer, a hygrometer and an illumination measuring instrument at the 1/3 position and the 2/3 position in the middle of the greenhouse;
(2) Preparation of the substrate
Seedling raising substrate: mixing and stirring humus, turfy soil and river sand uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1:3:1, stacking the humus, turfy soil and river sand together, soaking the uniformly stirred substrate with water, wrapping the substrate with plastic, exposing the substrate to the sun, carrying out decomposition treatment for one month, and collecting the decomposed seedling culture substrates together for later use;
(3) Seed treatment of Atractylodes lancea
Firstly, preparing a seed treatment solution, wherein the seed treatment solution contains thiophanate methyl and a plant protective agent;
Secondly, soaking the seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae in the seed treatment liquid for 10-15 hours to obtain the treated seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, wherein thiophanate methyl is used for sterilizing the epidermis of the seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, and a plant protective agent is used for supplementing nutrition required by the growth of the seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae;
(4) Seedbed laying
Land selection: selecting sandy loam with loose soil, high humus content and good drainage as a seedling pond for seedling cultivation, paving the ground, flattening the ground, and paving non-woven fabric on the flattened ground;
Establishing a seedling pool: cutting a PVC plastic plate into a plurality of PVC strip plates, enclosing the PVC strip plates on the laid non-woven fabric into long squares serving as barriers of the seedling pools, and arranging passages between the seedling pools;
Laying a matrix: spreading the decomposed seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (2) in a seedling pool according to the thickness of 8-15 cm;
(5) Seeding
Selecting 3 middle and last ten days of month, thoroughly spraying the thoroughly decomposed seedling culture substrate in the paved seedbed in the step (4) by using sprinkling irrigation before sowing, opening a ventilation opening to ventilate for two days, then drilling the treated rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds in the step (3) to form a plurality of rows of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, wherein the sowing row spacing is 8-12 cm, the seed spacing of each row is 0.8-1.2 cm, and covering 1-2 cm of soil on the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds after sowing;
(6) Management of seedling stage
Carrying out temperature, humidity, illumination and ventilation management on the single-mode greenhouse;
(7) Transplanting of seedlings
The seedlings are transplanted after 1 year.
Further, in the step (3), the preparation process of the seed treatment solution is calculated by 10 kilograms of seeds per mu, firstly, 10 grams of thiophanate methyl powder is diluted by 800-1000 times to prepare thiophanate methyl diluent, then 100 milliliters of the plant protective agent is diluted by 200 times to obtain the plant protective agent diluent, and finally, the thiophanate methyl diluent and the plant protective agent diluent are uniformly mixed to obtain the seed treatment solution.
further, in the step (4), the PVC strip plates are 5 mm thick and 10-15 cm high, the enclosure size of the seedling pool is 3m × 10m, and the width of the passageway is 25-30 cm at intervals.
Further, in the step (5), the seeding amount per mu is 10 kilograms.
Further, in the step (6), the temperature, humidity and illumination management process is divided into three stages: the first stage is that before the seeds germinate, the temperature in the single-mode greenhouse is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, and the humidity of the decomposed seedling raising matrix is 55-65%; and in the second stage, after the seeds are exposed, the temperature in the single-mode greenhouse is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, the humidity of the decomposed seedling raising matrix is 45-50%, and illumination is required.
Further, in the step (6), the specific process of ventilation management is that the ventilation is carried out for 30 minutes respectively in March, April morning and afternoon; according to the temperature in the greenhouse, the ventilation opening in the morning is opened to 35-40 cm wide, and the ventilation opening is closed at night; vents are opened from June to September according to weather conditions, so that a cooling effect is achieved; in October, according to the temperature in the greenhouse, the ventilation opening in the morning is opened to be 35-40 cm wide, and the ventilation opening is closed at night; the ventilation is carried out for 30 minutes in the morning and afternoon of November respectively.
The invention has the following positive effects:
(1) In the seed aspect: in the prior art, the seed treatment is only carried out for sterilization, the seed treatment liquid can sterilize the epidermis of the seed of the Atractylodes lancea, prevent and control germ cell division, improve seed resistance, swell the seed, supplement the nutrition of small peptides, polysaccharides, saponins and the like required in the growth of the seed, improve the survival rate of the seed and induce the seed to germinate.
(2) A seedbed: in the prior art, the seedbed is only paved into ridges which are about one meter and two wide and about 10 centimeters high, so that the spread of diseases is not easy to control.
(3) Seedling raising land: in the prior art, the seedling growing land is not treated but is only flattened, and a layer of non-woven fabric is laid on the seedling growing land, so that the seedling growing land can prevent and control the long grass and the soil-borne diseases and insect pests.
(4) Matrix treatment: the invention can add a diluent of a plant protective agent while sterilizing and decomposing, increases the nutrition of the matrix, improves the flora of beneficial bacteria, has good ventilation property after adding sand and has the effect of accelerating germination.
(5) Sowing: in the prior art, sowing is scattered, which is not beneficial to statistics and survival rate calculation.
(6) Daily management: the invention has scientific management flow, and effectively controls the cost and resources while ensuring safe production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a water supplement registry used in the practice of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a water replenishing zone division diagram used in the practice of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a table of greenhouse temperature records used in the practice of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the inside of a single-mode greenhouse during the implementation of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a substrate during decomposition during the practice of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing a bed laying process in the practice of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a photograph showing a seedbed laid during the practice of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a photograph of a seeding process in the practice of the method of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a photograph of a seed after seeding in the practice of the method of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a photograph of casing soil during the practice of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a photograph of a seedling cultivated by a conventional seedling growing method;
FIG. 12 is a photograph of a seedling cultivated by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a detailed view of seeding in the practice of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of seeds 15 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a graph of seeds 23 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a photograph of 23 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a photograph of a seedling 25 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the condition of seedlings 30 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a photograph of a seedpool 30 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the condition of seedlings 40 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a photograph of a nursery pond 40 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the condition of seedlings 50 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a photograph of a seedpool 60 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 24 is a photograph of a nursery pond taken 100 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the condition of seedlings after 150 days of seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the condition of seedlings 180 days after seeding by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The invention provides a seedling growing method of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, which aims to solve the problems of insect pests, underground pests, soil-borne diseases, leaf spot, anthrax, low survival rate and the like in the existing seedling growing method.
In the implementation process of the method, the water supplementing registration table, the water supplementing area division diagram and the greenhouse temperature recording table are used for scientific management in real time. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. Scientific water supplement
According to the table, each seedling pool is corresponding to each grid, and the corresponding water replenishing time is determined according to the substrate humidity detected by the seedling pools. The humidity of each seedling pool must be guaranteed to be known.
According to the ventilation of the greenhouse and the difference of the illumination of the south, the north, the east and the west in the morning and the evening, the evaporation speed of the substrate humidity is different, the areas with most humidity loss are dark gray (south and north), the gray areas (east and west) are arranged, the light gray areas (middle) are arranged, and water can be independently supplemented in the areas according to the substrate humidity or in the whole greenhouse.
Dark gray area: the humidity is checked every other day in spring and autumn in the key humidity checking area, the humidity must be checked every day in summer, and if the humidity is insufficient, water can be replenished in the independent area.
Gray area: and in the secondary key humidity inspection area, the humidity is inspected every two days in spring and autumn, and the humidity is inspected every two days in summer, and if the humidity is insufficient, water can be supplemented in the independent area.
Light gray area: the humidity is checked every three days in spring and autumn in a conventional humidity checking area, and the humidity is checked every three days in summer, if the humidity is insufficient, water can be supplemented to the area alone.
2. Greenhouse temperature record
The temperature change in the shed is registered every day, and the temperature in the shed is adjusted through ventilation and sun shading.
Examples
The method for growing seedlings of rhizoma atractylodis includes the following steps:
(1) Infrastructure construction is shown in FIG. 4
Greenhouse (B): building a single-mode greenhouse, arranging ventilation openings on two sides of the single-mode greenhouse, wherein the ventilation openings are provided with insect-proof nets, and a cold-proof quilt is arranged on the top of the single-mode greenhouse;
Construction in the shed: fog spraying facilities are arranged in the shed of the single-mode greenhouse every 1-2 m 2Set up a shower nozzle, facility in the canopy: fog spraying facilities are arranged in the shed of the single-mode greenhouse every 1-2 m 2A spray head is arranged, and a thermometer and a wet part are respectively arranged at the 1/3 position and the 2/3 position in the middle of the shed The meter and the illumination measuring instrument;
The facility greenhouse can build the environment most suitable for the growth of the rhizoma atractylodis seedlings, and can effectively control the temperature, the humidity and the illumination.
(2) Preparation of the matrix is shown in FIG. 5
Seedling raising substrate: mixing and stirring humus, turfy soil and river sand uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1:3:1, stacking the humus, turfy soil and river sand together, soaking the uniformly stirred substrate with water, wrapping the substrate with plastic, exposing the substrate to the sun, carrying out decomposition treatment for one month, and collecting the decomposed seedling culture substrates together for later use;
(3) Seed treatment of Atractylodes lancea
Firstly, preparing a seed treatment solution, wherein the seed treatment solution contains thiophanate methyl and a plant protective agent;
Secondly, soaking the seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae in the seed treatment liquid for 12 hours to obtain the treated seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, wherein thiophanate methyl is used for sterilizing the epidermis of the seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, and a plant protective agent is used for supplementing nutrition required by the growth of the seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae; in the step (3), the preparation process of the seed treatment solution is calculated by 10 kilograms of seeds per mu, firstly, 10 grams of thiophanate methyl powder is diluted by 800-1000 times to prepare thiophanate methyl diluent, then 100 milliliters of the plant protective agent is diluted by 200 times to obtain the plant protective agent diluent, and finally, the thiophanate methyl diluent and the plant protective agent diluent are uniformly mixed to obtain the seed treatment solution. Wherein, the selling factory of the thiophanate methyl powder is the firm agricultural material (Guangzhou) limited company, the thiophanate methyl powder has the common name of thiophanate methyl, the content of the effective component is 70 percent, the dosage form is wettable powder, the specification is 100 g, and the trademark holder: japan Caoda corporation, product characteristics: the thiophanate methyl powder is a bactericide with spectrum, high efficiency, safety and strong systemic property, and is prepared by processing Japanese Caoda technical. The product mainly interferes with the formation of bacterial filaments of pathogenic bacteria, influences the cell division of the pathogenic bacteria, poisons cell walls, and makes bud tubes grown from the germination of the bacterial filaments deformed, thereby killing the pathogenic bacteria. The plant protective agent is manufactured by Shaanxi Qianlong high-tech ecological agriculture Co., Ltd, and the product name is microelement water-soluble fertilizer, and the batch number is 2016 standard 10733 for agricultural fertilizer.
(4) The seedbed is laid as shown in fig. 6-7
Land selection: selecting sandy loam with loose soil, high humus content and good drainage as a seedling pond for seedling cultivation, paving the ground, flattening the ground, and paving non-woven fabric on the flattened ground;
Establishing a seedling pool: cutting a PVC plastic plate into a plurality of PVC strip plates, enclosing the PVC strip plates on the laid non-woven fabric into long squares serving as barriers of the seedling pools, and arranging passages between the seedling pools;
Laying a matrix: spreading the decomposed seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (2) in a seedling pool according to the thickness of 8-15 cm;
in the step (4), the PVC strip plates are 5 mm thick and 10-15 cm high, the enclosure size of the seedling pool is 3m × 10m, and the width of the passageway is 25-30 cm at intervals.
(5) See fig. 8-10 for sowing
Selecting 3 middle and last ten days of month, thoroughly spraying the thoroughly decomposed seedling culture substrate in the paved seedbed in the step (4) by using sprinkling irrigation before sowing, opening a ventilation opening to ventilate for two days, then drilling the treated rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds in the step (3) to form a plurality of rows of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, wherein the sowing row spacing is 8-12 cm, the seed spacing of each row is 0.8-1.2 cm, and covering 1-2 cm of soil on the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds after sowing; the seeding amount per mu is 10 kilograms.
(6) Management of seedling stage
Carrying out temperature, humidity, illumination and ventilation management on the single-mode greenhouse; in the step (6), the temperature, humidity and illumination management process is divided into three stages: the first stage is that before the seeds germinate, the temperature in the single-mode greenhouse is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, and the humidity of the decomposed seedling raising matrix is 55-65%; and in the second stage, after the seeds are exposed, the temperature in the single-mode greenhouse is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, the humidity of the decomposed seedling raising matrix is 45-50%, and illumination is required. In the step (6), the specific process of ventilation management is that the ventilation is carried out for 30 minutes respectively in March, April morning and afternoon; according to the temperature in the greenhouse, the ventilation opening in the morning is opened to 35-40 cm wide, and the ventilation opening is closed at night; vents are opened from June to September according to weather conditions, so that a cooling effect is achieved; in October, according to the temperature in the greenhouse, the ventilation opening in the morning is opened to be 35-40 cm wide, and the ventilation opening is closed at night; the ventilation is carried out for 30 minutes in the morning and afternoon of November respectively.
(7) Transplanting of seedlings
The seedlings are transplanted after 1 year.
In the cultivation process by using the method of the embodiment, the daily flow of greenhouse management is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 greenhouse management daily process
The specific operation processes of temperature, humidity and illumination management in this embodiment are as follows:
Temperature management
(1) Temperatures were recorded every two hours from 8 am to 18 pm.
(2) When the temperature in the shed is low in spring and autumn, the cold-proof quilt is lifted, and when the temperature in the shed is raised to the proper temperature, the cold-proof quilt is lowered to the position above the ventilation opening.
(3) In summer, the winter protection quilt is lowered to the position above the ventilation opening at 8:30 in the morning to lower the temperature in the shed, and is raised to the shed top at 20:00 in the afternoon to keep the night cool.
(4) Winter protection was raised to the roof 8:30 a.m. and lowered to below the vents 17:00 a.m. to maintain temperature.
Second, light management
(1) The lighting requirements are not very high before the seeds emerge.
(2) In spring and autumn, the illumination is required to be 4 to 6 hours every morning and afternoon, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled not to exceed the maximum limit.
(3) In summer, due to the temperature, when the temperature in the greenhouse rises to the highest limit in the morning, the cold-proof quilt is put down, and the illumination is finished.
Third, humidity management
(1) The substrate humidity before germination was maintained at 60% and the substrate humidity after germination was maintained at 50%.
(2) Spraying water every 2 to 3 days.
(3) Spraying water for 30 minutes when the humidity of the substrate is about 20%; spraying water for 20 minutes when the humidity is about 30%; spraying water for 10 minutes with the humidity of about 40 percent.
By using the method and management of the embodiment, the growth process of the seedlings of the sown seeds of the Atractylodes chinensis is compared with the growth process of the seeds of the Atractylodes chinensis cultivated by the existing method, and the specific data and analysis are as follows:
Fig. 11 is a photograph of the seedlings cultivated by the conventional seedling cultivation method, which shows that the conventional seedling cultivation has low survival rate, inconsistent seedling growth and different sizes, and the survival rate is about 30%.
FIG. 12 is a photograph of the seedlings cultivated by the method of the present invention, the seedlings are not fallen by the method of the present invention, the uniformity is high, the seedlings grow luxuriantly, and the survival rate is above 80%.
FIG. 13 is a detailed view of seeding in the practice of the method of the present invention; it can be seen that the method of the present invention is seeding in rows. According to the seeding amount per mu, the row spacing is 10cm in pouring the seeds into the seeder, the seeding amount is effectively controlled, only in a reasonable space, the seedlings can absorb more nutrition, and the seedlings have enough growth space in the expansion period of the seedlings.
FIG. 14 is a graph of seeds 15 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; all the seeds begin to root, and the treated seeds have strong stress resistance.
FIG. 15 is a graph of seeds 23 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; the main root of the seedling is long, the root depth is nearly 10 cm, and the vitality is vigorous.
FIG. 16 is a photograph of 23 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; the germination acceleration in the seedling growth process is very important, and the sand is added into the matrix in the method, so that the main purpose is to accelerate the germination.
FIG. 17 is a photograph of a seedling 25 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; no diseases appear in the seedling growth process, the growth speed is high, and the consistency is very good.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the condition of seedlings 30 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; lateral roots have appeared, which means that the root and stem parts of the seedling gradually mature, and the more developed the root system, the better the seedling quality.
FIG. 19 is a photograph of a seedpool 30 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; the photo shows that the survival rate of the seedlings is high, the phenomenon of large-area death does not occur, the blades of the seedlings are very beautiful in the night, and the seedlings are strong in the seedling stage.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the condition of seedlings 40 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; the lateral root system is developed, which is beneficial for the seedling to absorb more nutrition, and the color of the main root begins to change from white to brown, which indicates that the seedling begins to become mature. While the second leaf began to grow.
FIG. 21 is a photograph of a nursery pond 40 days after seeding by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the condition of seedlings 50 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; lateral root systems are more developed and flourishing, the more developed the root hairs are, and the higher the seedling quality is.
FIG. 23 is a photograph of a seedpool 60 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; the leaves of the seedlings are consistent in color, the color is changed from light green to emerald green, the seedlings are strong in seedling stage, and the leaves have no diseases or insect pests.
FIG. 24 is a photograph of a nursery pond taken 100 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; the leaves grow up gradually, and 2-3 leaves appear.
FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the condition of seedlings after 150 days of seeding by the method of the present invention; the tubers of the seedlings are larger and larger, the leaves are more and more, 4-6 leaves appear, and 5-7 fibrous roots are more and more.
FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the condition of seedlings 180 days after seeding by the method of the present invention; leaves are flourishing, the number of the leaves is 6-8, tubers are increased, fibrous roots are more, the number of the fibrous roots is 7-10, and the seedling quality is very high.
In the method of the invention, (1) the greenhouse is used for seedling culture, thereby avoiding the seedling from being influenced by the bad weather such as rainy days, high-temperature days and the like in the growth process. The phenomenon of waterlogging can not appear, and the high temperature room can the sunshade cooling, can roll up the winter protection quilt when the temperature is low and light intensifies. Can effectively control humidity, temperature and illumination. (2) The ventilation openings of the greenhouse are provided with insect-proof nets, so that insect pests can be effectively prevented and treated in the high-incidence period of the insect pests. (3) Sandy loam which is loose in soil, high in humus content and good in drainage is selected as a seedling pond for seedling cultivation to be paved on the ground, and the ground is good in water permeability. (4) The non-woven fabrics are laid on the ground, so that the underground pests are prevented and the weed is prevented and killed. (5) The treated substrate is adopted for seedling culture, firstly, the soil is loose, the nutrition is rich, the microbial population is large, and enough space can be provided for the seedling growth. (6) The matrix seedling culture can effectively prevent and control soil-borne diseases, so that the land can be used annually, and continuous cropping can not occur. (7) The humidity of the matrix and the temperature in the greenhouse are controlled in the seedling raising process, so that the incidence probability of leaf spot, sclerotinia and anthracnose can be greatly reduced, and even no symptoms can appear. (8) The seed treatment before seeding is very important, and the survival rate of the rhizoma atractylodis is ensured.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A seedling raising method of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Infrastructure construction
Greenhouse (B): building a single-mode greenhouse, arranging ventilation openings on two sides of the single-mode greenhouse, wherein the ventilation openings are provided with insect-proof nets, and a cold-proof quilt is arranged on the top of the single-mode greenhouse;
Construction in the shed: fog spraying facilities are arranged in the shed of the single-mode greenhouse every 1-2 m 2Arranging a spray head, and respectively arranging a thermometer, a hygrometer and an illumination measuring instrument at the 1/3 position and the 2/3 position in the middle of the greenhouse;
(2) Preparation of the substrate
Seedling raising substrate: mixing and stirring humus, turfy soil and river sand uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1:3:1, stacking the humus, turfy soil and river sand together, soaking the uniformly stirred substrate with water, wrapping the substrate with plastic, exposing the substrate to the sun, carrying out decomposition treatment for one month, and collecting the decomposed seedling culture substrates together for later use;
(3) Seed treatment of Atractylodes lancea
Firstly, preparing a seed treatment solution, wherein the seed treatment solution contains thiophanate methyl and a plant protective agent;
Secondly, soaking the seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae in the seed treatment liquid for 10-15 hours to obtain the treated seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, wherein thiophanate methyl is used for sterilizing the epidermis of the seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, and a plant protective agent is used for supplementing nutrition required by the growth of the seeds of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae;
(4) Seedbed laying
Land selection: selecting sandy loam with loose soil, high humus content and good drainage as a seedling pond for seedling cultivation, paving the ground, flattening the ground, and paving non-woven fabric on the flattened ground;
Establishing a seedling pool: cutting a PVC plastic plate into a plurality of PVC strip plates, enclosing the PVC strip plates on the laid non-woven fabric into long squares serving as barriers of the seedling pools, and arranging passages between the seedling pools;
Laying a matrix: spreading the decomposed seedling raising substrate prepared in the step (2) in a seedling pool according to the thickness of 8-15 cm;
(5) Seeding
Selecting 3 middle and last ten days of month, thoroughly spraying the thoroughly decomposed seedling culture substrate in the paved seedbed in the step (4) by using sprinkling irrigation before sowing, opening a ventilation opening to ventilate for two days, then drilling the treated rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds in the step (3) to form a plurality of rows of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, wherein the sowing row spacing is 8-12 cm, the seed spacing of each row is 0.8-1.2 cm, and covering 1-2 cm of soil on the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds after sowing;
(6) Management of seedling stage
Carrying out temperature, humidity, illumination and ventilation management on the single-mode greenhouse;
(7) Transplanting of seedlings
The seedlings are transplanted after 1 year.
2. The method for growing seedlings of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the preparation process of the seed treatment solution is calculated by 10 kilograms of seeds per mu, firstly, 10 grams of thiophanate methyl powder is diluted by 800-1000 times to prepare thiophanate methyl diluent, then 100 milliliters of the plant protective agent is diluted by 200 times to obtain the plant protective agent diluent, and finally, the thiophanate methyl diluent and the plant protective agent diluent are uniformly mixed to obtain the seed treatment solution.
3. the method for growing seedlings of Atractylodes chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the PVC long boards have a thickness of 5 mm and a height of 10-15 cm, the enclosure size of the seedling pool is 3m × 10m, and the width of the passageway is 25-30 cm.
4. The method for growing seedlings of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (5), the seeding amount per mu is 10 kilograms.
5. The method for growing seedlings of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (6), the temperature, humidity and illumination management process is divided into three stages: the first stage is that before the seeds germinate, the temperature in the single-mode greenhouse is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, and the humidity of the decomposed seedling raising matrix is 55-65%; and in the second stage, after the seeds are exposed, the temperature in the single-mode greenhouse is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, the humidity of the decomposed seedling raising matrix is 45-50%, and illumination is required.
6. The method for growing seedlings of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (6), the specific process of ventilation management is that the ventilation is carried out for 30 minutes respectively in March, April morning and afternoon; according to the temperature in the greenhouse, the ventilation opening in the morning is opened to 35-40 cm wide, and the ventilation opening is closed at night; vents are opened from June to September according to weather conditions, so that a cooling effect is achieved; in October, according to the temperature in the greenhouse, the ventilation opening in the morning is opened to be 35-40 cm wide, and the ventilation opening is closed at night; the ventilation is carried out for 30 minutes in the morning and afternoon of November respectively.
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