CN107182754B - Container soilless culture process for peony - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a container soilless culture process of peony, it is the technical field of production of horticulture, said culture process is based on culture substrate formulated, said culture substrate mix grass carbon and pearlite according to the isometric ratio, then add ultra-high temperature rotten peony specialized organic fertilizer, contain N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer and carbofuran granule, use after mixing well; the matched management technology does not need special fertilization, nutrient solution irrigation or medicine application, and only needs simple weeding and watering. The cultivation technology is simple and effective, convenient to operate, low in cost and convenient to carry, container peony ornamental seedlings can be efficiently and standardizedly produced in batches, normal flowering is continuously carried out for many years in a container, and technical support is provided for peony flowering phase regulation, remote garden building or transplanting in an unsuitable transplanting period.

Description

Container soilless culture process for peony

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of gardening production, and relates to a container soilless culture process of peony.

Background

Peony is a special traditional famous flower in China and also a candidate national flower in China. The flower color is gorgeous and beautiful, the smell is fragrant, the ornamental value is high, and the flower color is deeply popular with the people at home and abroad. The traditional cultivation method of the peony is field cultivation, but the problems of incapability of moving, difficult flowering phase regulation and the like exist. The cultivation mode can not meet the requirements of society on the industrialization and pot flower production of the peony ornamental seedlings. The peony container cultivation has a long history and is carried out by simulating a ground cultivation mode all the time, because peony roots are fleshy root systems, the root system morphology of the peony after the container cultivation has radical change of radicalization, but the water and fertilizer requirement rule for the growth and development of the seedling body is limited, the medium proportion of the peony container cultivation is unreasonable, the peony cultivated in the container shows the conditions of heaviness, complex management and poor flowering quality, and the large-scale production of the peony cultivated in the container is limited. Although people carry out extensive practice on the lightness of peony container cultivation and obtain certain effect, some key links of the peony container cultivation at present are not thoroughly overcome, and particularly, the research on soilless and simple peony container substrates is not reported. The Wang goose applies 'nutrient solution for soilless pot culture of peony and a preparation method and application thereof', the core is that the nutrient solution prepared by regular irrigation provides nutrition for the growth of peony, the difficulty is that the irrigation frequency, the quality and the concentration of salt are not easy to control, and the using effect is not ideal; the peony dwarfing pot culture method applied by Wanghua Fangqi and the like plants peony in pot culture medium in a flowerpot, uses nutrient as base fertilizer or additional fertilizer to supply nutrition to the plants, waters dwarfing agent and water, and is difficult to control the actual operation; the matrix contains main materials of pine needle soil, ceramsite, vermiculite, perlite, fertilizer diammonium hydrogen phosphate, urea, zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, plant water-retaining agent and microbial pesticide, and has excessively complex components and poor operability. At present, the research on the peony container matrix does not completely overcome the defects that the peony container culture and cultivation method is complex and difficult to control and manage, the quality of flowers is poor, the flower quantity is small, the flowers cannot bloom continuously for many years, and the method is difficult to expand the propagation.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems faced by the peony container cultivation, the invention provides a novel peony container soilless cultivation process, which is based on a prepared cultivation substrate, only needs simple watering and weeding within 3-4 years after one-time potting, does not need special management such as fertilization, nutrient solution watering or medicine application, can realize continuous flowering for many years, and the flowering quantity and the flowering quality reach or exceed the production level of a field.

A container soilless culture process of peony comprises the following steps:

step one, preparing a culture medium: firstly, mixing turf and perlite according to an equal volume ratio to obtain a supporting base material; adding 50-100 g of ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special peony organic fertilizer, 0.5-1.0 g of ternary compound fertilizer and 0.5-0.7 g of 3% carbofuran granules into every 3kg of supporting base material, and uniformly mixing for later use; the ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special peony organic fertilizer is prepared by adding thermophilic bacteria into pig manure and performing high-temperature continuous automatic fermentation at 70-115 ℃;

digging 2-4-year-old peony grafted seedlings or seedling-dividing seedlings from the nursery in the middle ten days of September to the end ten month of Central China, removing dead leaves, washing with tap water to remove soil on the surface of roots, trimming and shaping roots and branches, removing broken roots and dead branches, sterilizing with 300-600 times diluted carbendazim or thiophanate methyl suspension, soaking roots with 100-500 times diluted peony transplanting rooting agent for 10-30 minutes, taking out and airing to obtain treated peony seedlings; the peony is luoyang red, luzhonghong, Taiping red, huhong, coral mount, yinhong smart couple, queen flower or island brocade;

step three, preparing a container with the diameter of 20-50 cm and a drain hole at the bottom, and filling the culture medium prepared in the step one into the container until the volume of the container is 1/4-1/5; placing the treated peony seedlings obtained in the second step into a container, then covering a culture substrate until the root-stem boundary line is 1-2 cm, compacting, pouring tap water into the container until water flows out of the pot bottom, then placing the container into a net shed with the shading degree of 20% -50% for culture, and only weeding and supplementing water without applying fertilizer, pouring nutrient solution or using medicine in the culture process; wherein, the water supplement keeps the water content of the peony cultivation matrix in the container at 70-85% of the maximum water holding capacity;

step four: in the first year after potting, when the diameter of a bud grows to 1.5-2.0cm, the bud is removed; wherein, 2-year peony grafted seedlings or seedling branches are selected, and all flower buds are removed; selecting 3-4 grafted seedlings or seedling branches of raw peony, removing weak buds and reserving strong buds; then selecting and reserving 3-8 branches uniformly distributed to the periphery from the base part as main branches for preparing flowering, cutting off inward redundant long branches, cross branches and parallel branches, and simultaneously selecting and reserving 2-4 robust lateral branches from the sprout tillers extracted from the base part from top to bottom to fill in gaps; wherein the lateral branches cannot be crossed or overlapped with each other; and the next year, the product can be sold, transplanted or other conventional management can be continued.

Further, N, P in the ternary compound fertilizer₂O₅And K₂The mass ratio of O is 1: 1: 1.

further, in the third step, the container is placed in a net shed with shading degree of 20% -50% for cultivation, and the replacement mode is as follows: a black sunshade net with the shading degree of 20-50% is erected above the container.

Furthermore, at the end of 4-10 months, a black sunshade net with the shading degree of 40-50% is arranged above the container.

Furthermore, a black sunshade net with the shading degree of 20-30% is arranged above the container from 11 months to 3 months in the next year.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the soilless simple container cultivation process of the peony is based on the prepared cultivation substrate, and the supporting base material used in the cultivation substrate is light and clean, has good fertilizer retention capacity, water retention property and air permeability and is easy to obtain; the using amount of the organic fertilizer can meet the trace element nutrition required by the peony seedlings, and the phenomenon of salinization in the process of nutrition growth of the peony seedlings caused by slow and weak growth of the peony seedlings or excessive using amount due to too little using amount is avoided. The furadan is also used in the culture medium, so that the occurrence of the tree peony root insect pests under the container culture condition can be effectively controlled. In the prepared culture substrate, the organic fertilizer decomposes organic matters by virtue of the activity of the organic fertilizer, the activity of the organic fertilizer can be realized only under the conditions of certain temperature, humidity, air permeability and organic substances, the water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability of the supporting material provide conditions for the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer,

2. the cultivation process disclosed by the invention is very simple and convenient to manage, does not need to fertilize or pour nutrient solution, only needs simple watering within 3-4 years after one-time potting, and can be used for pulling out grass when grass exists, so that the labor intensity and the labor amount are greatly reduced, the continuous flowering target for multiple years can be realized, and the production labor cost is saved. In addition, the flower can continuously bloom for more than 2-4 years, the flower forming rate can reach more than 90%, and the production efficiency far exceeds the reality that the flower forming rate of the current container cultivation is difficult to exceed 50%; in addition, compared with open field cultivation, the plant height can be increased by 5-12%, the crude extraction of flower stems is increased by 5-16%, the maximum leaf number can be increased by 15.8%, and the diameter of flowers tends to the field level. The peony produced by the process has strong root activity, is easy to regulate and control the out-of-season flowering phase, and has harmonious growth of flowers, stems and leaves and good ornamental effect. The substrate is convenient to carry and operate, is light and convenient to carry, is only 1/3-1/4 of other substrates with the same volume, is clean, free from peculiar smell and plant diseases and insect pests, and is convenient to carry and place in homes and various public places indoors and outdoors for exhibition and display.

Detailed Description

A container soilless culture process of peony comprises the following steps:

preparation of culture medium: selecting imported turf and perlite, and mixing the imported turf and the perlite according to the equal volume ratio to obtain a supporting base material; selecting a plastic flowerpot with a proper size, filling 3kg of supporting base materials, 50-150 g of ultra-high temperature decomposed peony special fertilizer, 0.5-1.5 g of ternary compound fertilizer and 0.5-1.0 g of 3% carbofuran granules into each pot, mixing uniformly, and standing for later use. The ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special peony organic fertilizer is prepared by adding thermophilic bacteria into pig manure and performing high-temperature continuous automatic fermentation at 70-115 ℃; n, P in ternary compound fertilizer₂O₅And K₂The mass ratio of O is 1: 1: 1.

pretreating peony seedlings: in the central China, 2-4 years old peony grafted seedlings or seedling branches are dug out from a nursery garden from the middle ten days of September to the late ten days of October every year, dead leaves are removed, soil on the surfaces of roots is carefully washed by tap water to remove soil, roots and branches are trimmed, broken roots and dead branches are removed, and the roots are soaked for 10-30 minutes by 300-600 times diluted carbendazim or thiophanate methyl suspension and 100-500 times diluted peony transplanting rooting agent. After the treatment, taking out and airing, simultaneously filling the mixed culture substrate into a plastic container or a plastic pot with the diameter of 20-50 cm and the depth of more than 30-40 cm, according to the size of a peony seedling plant, implanting the peony seedling into the plastic container or the plastic pot, wherein the implantation depth is 1-2 cm above a root-stem boundary line, compacting, watering, preferably allowing a small amount of water to flow out of the pot bottom, and then uniformly scattering a layer of culture substrate with the thickness of 1cm on the soaked surface. Placing the cultivation container under a net shed with shading degree of 20% -50% for subsequent management.

Regularly observing and weighing the water content of the peony cultivation matrix in the container, and timely supplementing water to keep the humidity at 70-85% of the maximum water holding capacity. The high-temperature and dry seasons are particularly noticed, and the long-time water shortage hazard caused by large transpiration evaporation amount is avoided. After about 20 days of culture, a great amount of capillary roots can grow on the peony seedlings. In the next year, when the diameter of the bud grows to 1.5-2.0cm, the bud is removed; wherein, if 2-year peony grafted seedlings or plantlets are selected, all flower buds need to be removed to promote the development of the nutriment; if 3-4 grafted seedlings or branch seedlings of the peony are selected, weak small buds need to be removed, and strong buds are left to bloom for appreciation; then selecting and reserving 3-8 branches uniformly distributed to the periphery from the base part as main branches for preparing flowering, cutting off inward redundant long branches, cross branches and parallel branches, and simultaneously selecting and reserving 2-4 robust lateral branches from the sprout tillers extracted from the base part from top to bottom to fill in gaps; wherein, the lateral branches cannot be crossed or overlapped with each other; and (3) within 3-4 years, special fertilization, nutrient solution irrigation or medicine application is not needed, only simple weeding is needed, and soil is loosened in time during growth. The peony potted flower can meet the production requirement of the peony by culturing according to the method, can be sold after being cultured for one year generally, and can continuously bloom for 2-4 years. The method can provide standardized complete peony seedlings for peony flowering phase regulation, remote garden construction and seedling export, and can normally survive and grow robustly when transplanted in an unsuitable transplanting period. When the peony grows for 3-4 years, a big pot filled with a new culture medium is needed to be replaced in autumn or another plant is needed to be planted.

Example 1

Cultivation substrateThe configuration of (2): selecting imported grass carbon and perlite, and mixing the imported grass carbon and the perlite according to the equal volume ratio to obtain a support material; selecting a plastic flowerpot with a proper size, filling 3kg of supporting materials, 50 g of ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special fertilizer for peony, 0.5 g of ternary compound fertilizer and 1.0 g of 3% carbofuran granules into each pot, uniformly mixing, and standing for later use. The ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special peony organic fertilizer is prepared by adding thermophilic bacteria into pig manure and performing high-temperature continuous automatic fermentation at 70-115 ℃; n, P in ternary compound fertilizer₂O₅And K₂The mass ratio of O is 1: 1: 1.

pretreating peony seedlings: in the middle area of China, 2-year-old peony branch seedlings are dug out from a nursery garden from the middle ten days of September to the end ten days of October every year, the height of each seedling is about 50cm, dead leaves are removed, soil on the surfaces of roots is removed by carefully flushing with tap water, roots and branches are trimmed, broken roots and dead branches are removed, and root soaking and sterilization treatment is carried out for 30 minutes by using 300 times diluted carbendazim suspension and 500 times diluted peony transplanting rooting agent. After the treatment, taking out and airing, simultaneously filling the mixed culture substrate into a plastic container or a plastic basin with the diameter of 20-50 cm and the depth of more than 30-40 cm, putting the peony seedlings into the plastic container according to the size of the peony seedling plant, then watering until a small amount of water flows out of the basin bottom, and then uniformly spreading a layer of culture substrate with the thickness of 1cm on the wetted surface. The pot culture was placed under a net shed with shading degree of 20%.

Regularly observing and weighing the water content of the peony cultivation matrix in the potted plant, and replenishing water in time to keep the humidity at 70-85% of the maximum water holding capacity. The high-temperature and dry seasons are particularly noticed, and the long-time water shortage hazard caused by large transpiration evaporation amount is avoided. After about 20 days of culture, a great amount of capillary roots can grow on the peony seedlings. In the next year, when the bud grows to 1.5-2.0cm in diameter, all buds are removed to promote the development of nutriments; moving the cultivation container to a place below a net shed with shading degree of 40%; selecting and reserving 3-8 branches uniformly distributed to the periphery from the base part as main branches, cutting off inward redundant long branches, cross branches and parallel branches, and simultaneously selecting and reserving 2-4 robust lateral branches from the sprouts extracted from the base part from top to bottom to fill in gaps; wherein, the lateral branches cannot be crossed or overlapped with each other; the special fertilization, nutrient solution pouring or medicine application is not needed, and only simple weeding is needed.

Example 2

Preparation of culture medium: selecting imported grass carbon and perlite, and mixing the imported grass carbon and the perlite according to the equal volume ratio to obtain a support material; selecting a plastic flowerpot with a proper size, filling 3kg of supporting materials, 150 g of ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special fertilizer for peony, 1.5 g of ternary compound fertilizer and 0.5 g of 3% carbofuran granules into each flowerpot, uniformly mixing, and standing for later use. The ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special peony organic fertilizer is prepared by adding thermophilic bacteria into pig manure and performing high-temperature continuous automatic fermentation at 70-115 ℃; n, P in ternary compound fertilizer₂O₅And K₂The mass ratio of O is 1: 1: 1.

pretreating peony seedlings: in the middle area of China, 3-year-old peony grafted seedlings are dug out from a nursery garden from the middle ten days of September to the end ten days of October every year, the height of each seedling is about 50cm, dead leaves are removed, soil on the surfaces of roots is removed by carefully washing with tap water, roots and branches are trimmed, broken roots and dead branches are removed, and root soaking treatment is carried out for 20 minutes by using 450-time diluted carbendazim suspension and 300-time diluted peony transplanting rooting agent. After the treatment, taking out and airing, simultaneously filling the mixed culture substrate into a plastic container with the diameter of 20-50 cm and the depth of more than 30cm, putting the peony seedlings into the plastic container according to the size of the peony seedlings, watering until a small amount of water flows out of the pot bottom, and then uniformly spraying a layer of culture substrate with the thickness of 1cm on the soaked surface. The pot culture was placed under a net shed with a shading degree of 30%.

Regularly observing and weighing the water content of the peony cultivation matrix in the potted plant, and replenishing water in time to keep the humidity at 70-85% of the maximum water holding capacity. The high-temperature and dry seasons are particularly noticed, and the long-time water shortage hazard caused by large transpiration evaporation amount is avoided. After about 20 days of culture, a great amount of capillary roots can grow on the peony seedlings. In the next year, when the bud grows to 1.5-2.0cm in diameter, removing weak small buds, and reserving strong buds for flowering for appreciation; moving the cultivation container to a place below a net shed with shading degree of 40%; selecting and reserving 3-8 branches uniformly distributed to the periphery from the base part as main branches, cutting off inward redundant long branches, cross branches and parallel branches, and simultaneously selecting and reserving 2-4 robust lateral branches from the sprouts extracted from the base part from top to bottom to fill in gaps; wherein, the lateral branches cannot be crossed or overlapped with each other; the special fertilization, nutrient solution pouring or medicine application is not needed, and only simple weeding is needed.

Example 3

Preparation of culture medium: selecting imported grass carbon and perlite, and mixing the imported grass carbon and the perlite according to the equal volume ratio to obtain a support material; selecting a plastic flowerpot with a proper size, filling 3kg of supporting materials, 100 g of ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special fertilizer for peony, 1.0 g of ternary compound fertilizer and 0.7 g of 3% carbofuran granules into each pot, uniformly mixing, and standing for later use. The ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special peony organic fertilizer is prepared by adding thermophilic bacteria into pig manure and performing high-temperature continuous automatic fermentation at 70-115 ℃; n, P in ternary compound fertilizer₂O₅And K₂The mass ratio of O is 1: 1: 1.

pretreating peony seedlings: digging 4-year-old peony branch seedlings from a nursery in the middle part of China from the middle ten days of September to the late ten months of October every year, with the seedling height being about 50cm, removing dead leaves, carefully washing with tap water to remove soil on the surface of roots, trimming roots and branches, removing broken roots and dead branches, diluting with 600 times of carbendazim or methyl-supported

And soaking the roots of the solution in the solution of the suspension and 100 times diluted peony transplanting rooting agent for 10 minutes. After the treatment, taking out and airing, simultaneously filling the mixed culture substrate into a plastic container with the diameter of 20-50 cm and the depth of more than 30cm, putting the peony seedlings into the plastic container according to the size of the peony seedlings, watering until a small amount of water flows out of the pot bottom, and then uniformly spraying a layer of culture substrate with the thickness of 1cm on the soaked surface. The pot culture was placed under a net shed with a shading degree of 25%.

Regularly observing and weighing the water content of the peony cultivation matrix in the potted plant, and replenishing water in time to keep the humidity at 70-85% of the maximum water holding capacity. The high-temperature and dry seasons are particularly noticed, and the long-time water shortage hazard caused by large transpiration evaporation amount is avoided. After about 20 days of culture, a great amount of capillary roots can grow on the peony seedlings. In the next year, when the bud grows to 1.5-2.0cm in diameter, removing weak small buds, and reserving strong buds for flowering for appreciation; moving the cultivation container to a place below a net shed with shading degree of 50%; selecting and reserving 3-8 branches uniformly distributed to the periphery from the base part as main branches, cutting off inward redundant long branches, cross branches and parallel branches, and simultaneously selecting and reserving 2-4 robust lateral branches from the sprouts extracted from the base part from top to bottom to fill in gaps; wherein, the lateral branches cannot be crossed or overlapped with each other; the special fertilization, nutrient solution pouring or medicine application is not needed, and only simple weeding is needed.

Comparative example 1 outdoor cultivation of peony

The peony is cultivated in open field, fertilization and deep land turning are carried out 1-2 months before planting, the depth is generally 40-50cm, the fertilizer is preferably bean cake fertilizer, and multi-element compound fertilizer can also be applied. 200 kg of bean cake fertilizer is applied to each mu, the bean cake fertilizer can be used only after being fermented and decomposed, otherwise, the bean cake fertilizer is easily infected with diseases and insects, and rotten roots are easily caused. Selecting 3-year-old branch seedlings with the height of about 50cm, placing in a shade place for airing for 2-3 days, finishing root systems and branches when the roots are softened, then soaking in 800 times of thiram solution for 5-10 min, airing, planting according to the row spacing of 40cm x 60cm, about 1500 plants per mu, wherein the seedlings are preferably dense and the seedlings are easily diluted. During field planting, digging holes at the plant row spacing with the depth of 25-30 cm, spreading root systems at the bottom of the holes, burying half of soil, lifting seedlings while compacting soil, sealing the soil and the seedling roots, then cofferdam irrigation is performed, water is infiltrated, the seedlings are straightened, and piled into ridges with the height of 10-20 cm according to rows to facilitate heat preservation and moisture preservation.

Fertilizing: the base fertilizer is applied enough before planting, so that the seedlings consume less nutrients and are not fertilized in a topdressing manner. Topdressing was performed 3 times a year from the second year after planting. The first time is carried out before and after ten days of 2 months, so that the new branches can grow rapidly and enough nutrients can be provided for the bud development. The second fertilization is carried out in the latter half month of flowering, and the second additional fertilization is carried out when branches and leaves grow vigorously and flower buds begin to differentiate, so as to promote the robust growth of plants and the formation of flower buds. The third fertilization is carried out after the first winter of 11 months and before the first winter is frozen, the dosage can be more, the soil fertility can be improved, and the overwintering protection of the peony is facilitated. The fertilizer is mainly decomposed cake fertilizer. The fertilizer amount is preferably 0.2-0.5 kg per plant, and can also be mixed with chemical compound fertilizer.

Shaping and trimming: and flexibly mastering the pruning method in spring and autumn according to the density, the plant size and the branch strength after field planting. Leveling and drying: cutting off the top buds of the seedlings planted for 1-3 years in autumn, or cutting off 1cm of axillary buds 3-5cm away from the ground to promote the single plant to increase the number of buds and branches as much as possible, increase the flowering amount and improve the yield; thinning and shaping: when the peony planted for 3 years enters a vigorous growth period, the overground part gradually becomes shallot-depressed, ventilation and light transmission, branch density and flowering quantity are preferably considered, and bud picking in spring and pruning in autumn are adopted, so that about 10 branches are left on each plant.

Preventing and controlling diseases: the main diseases of the peony for oil comprise anthracnose, red spot, gray mold, root rot, damping off, rust disease and the like, and the common insect pests comprise root-knot nematode, mole cricket, grub, cutworm and the like. After the soil is defrosted, in the middle ten days of 2 months, 500 times of lime sulfur mixture or carbendazim solution with the Baume degree being 3 is sprayed, and the whole ground is covered by the spraying. 10-15kg of phoxim granules are broadcast in each mu at the beginning of 3 months. Spraying equivalent Bordeaux mixture or thiophanate-methyl in 7-10 days before flowering in the beginning of 4 months. Spraying 1 time of bactericide such as carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil and the like from the middle and last ten days of 5 months till the middle and last ten days of 8 months. In the growth period of the peony, the spraying frequency can be adjusted according to the occurrence condition of plant diseases and insect pests, but the spraying frequency in the whole growing season is not less than 3 times. After the leaves fall, the dry branches and the fallen leaves are removed in time and are burnt or buried deeply, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the next year is reduced.

The peony is drought-enduring, but the peony still needs to be watered in the growth process to keep the soil moist, and accumulated water needs to be drained in time after rain.

Four treatment technologies of example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1 (field cultivation) are adopted to cultivate the 'Luoyang red' peony, 30 peony seedlings meeting the conditions are selected for each treatment, and characters such as plant height, flower stem thickness, leaf number, flower diameter, flower forming rate and the like are investigated in spring of the next year.

TABLE 1 Effect of different cultivation techniques on the major characteristics of peony

Note: the data in the table are mean values.

People demand the peony to enjoy the flowers with large and large number, bright color, luxuriant branches and leaves, moderate flower stem and diameter, and harmonious branches, leaves and flowers. The specific characters of the peony in the container are reflected to be good in flower size, flower forming rate, plant height, leaf number, stem thickness and the like, and the comprehensive analysis of the results in the table shows that the culture medium provided by the invention is matched with the management technology of the culture medium, so that the culture medium is most beneficial to regulation and control of the flower size and the flower forming rate of the peony and has a certain promotion effect on growth and development of the stem thickness, the leaf number and the plant height of a single plant, wherein compared with open field culture, the plant height is increased by 5-12%, the crude flower stem height is 5-16%, the leaf number can be increased by 15.8% at most, and the flower diameter and the flower forming rate reach or exceed the field level. Because the salt content in the culture medium is within the allowable range of peony, the pH value is slightly alkaline, and the culture medium is rich in organic matters and has better water permeability and air permeability than soil, the formula meets the requirements of the growth of the peony in the aspects of looseness, nutrition, pH value and the like, the growth of flowers, stems and leaves of plants is coordinated, and the plant type is beautiful and has good ornamental effect. Therefore, the cultivation technology of the invention has good effect and can reach better quality requirement.

In addition, the peony obtained by the cultivation technology has the advantages that the flowering quantity of each plant is equal to that of a field on the flower quality, the flower diameter is close to or exceeds that of the field, and the flower color is more colorful and pure; in the flowering phase, potted peony can be artificially subjected to flowering phase regulation and control, so that the requirement of annual flowering is met; in the aspect of propagation coefficient, the potted peony can meet the requirements of movable perennial flower observation and perennial planting of the peony, and is not used for the purpose of expanding propagation, while the conventional potted peony blooms once, and can not bloom twice in the next year, namely, the potted peony has no production value; in the aspect of rooting, all the peony roots in the method are changed from fleshy roots into fibrous roots, the root system is larger, the plant branches, leaves and peanuts grow more harmoniously, the plant type is beautiful, and the phenomenon of 'ultra-short skirt' of the traditional pot flower is completely avoided.

In the test process, different peony varieties are selected: the peony variety is characterized by comprising the following components of lotus, Taiping red, huhong, coral mount, Yinhong Qiao, Huawang, island brocade and the like.

Finally, the above embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and any changes in form and details made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A container soilless culture process of peony is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step one, preparing a culture medium: firstly, mixing turf and perlite according to an equal volume ratio to obtain a supporting base material; adding 50-100 g of ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special peony organic fertilizer, 0.5-1.0 g of ternary compound fertilizer and 0.5-0.7 g of 3% carbofuran granules into every 3kg of supporting base material, and uniformly mixing for later use; the ultrahigh-temperature decomposed special peony organic fertilizer is prepared by adding thermophilic bacteria into pig manure and performing high-temperature continuous automatic fermentation at 70-115 ℃;

digging 2-4-year-old peony grafted seedlings or seedling-dividing seedlings from the nursery in the middle ten days of September to the end ten month of Central China, removing dead leaves, washing with tap water to remove soil on the surface of roots, trimming and shaping roots and branches, removing broken roots and dead branches, sterilizing with 300-600 times diluted carbendazim or thiophanate methyl suspension, soaking roots with 100-500 times diluted peony transplanting rooting agent for 10-30 minutes, taking out and airing to obtain treated peony seedlings; the peony is Lu lotus red, Tai Ping red, huhong, coral platform, Yinhong smart couple, flower king or island brocade;

step three, preparing a container with the diameter of 20-50 cm and a drain hole at the bottom, and filling the culture medium prepared in the step one into the container until the volume of the container is 1/4-1/5; placing the treated peony seedlings obtained in the second step into a container, then covering a culture substrate to 1-2 cm above a root-stem boundary line, compacting, pouring tap water into the container until water flows out of the bottom of the pot, then placing the container into a net shed with shading degree of 20% -50% for culture, and only weeding and supplementing water without applying fertilizer, pouring nutrient solution or using medicine in the culture process; wherein, the water supplement keeps the water content of the peony cultivation matrix in the container at 70-85% of the maximum water holding capacity;

step four: in the first year after potting, when the diameter of a bud grows to 1.5-2.0cm, removing the bud, wherein 2-year-old peony grafted seedlings or plantlets are selected, and all buds are removed; selecting 3-4 grafted seedlings or seedling branches of raw peony, removing weak buds and reserving strong buds; then selecting and reserving 3-8 branches uniformly distributed to the periphery from the base part as main branches for preparing flowering, cutting off inward redundant long branches, cross branches and parallel branches, and simultaneously selecting and reserving 2-4 robust lateral branches from the sprout tillers extracted from the base part from top to bottom to fill in gaps; wherein the lateral branches cannot be crossed or overlapped with each other; and selling or transplanting the seedlings in the next year.

2. The container soilless culture process of peony as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: n, P in the ternary compound fertilizer₂O₅And K₂The mass ratio of O is 1: 1: 1.

3. the container soilless culture process of peony as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the container is placed under a net shed with shading degree of 20% -50% for culture, and the replacement mode is as follows: a black sunshade net with the shading degree of 20-50% is erected above the container.

4. The container soilless culture process of peony as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: and at the bottom of 4-10 months, a black sunshade net with the shading degree of 40-50% is erected above the container.

5. The container soilless culture process of peony as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: and at the bottom of 3 months in the following year from 11 months, a black sunshade net with the shading degree of 20-30% is erected above the container.