CN101986820A - Method for culturing potted fruit tree crabapple - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for culturing potted fruit tree crabapple, comprising the following concrete steps of farmland selecting, seedling selecting, field planting, soil, fertilizer and water managing and pruning. In April of spring, seedlings are temporarily planted in a selected farmland to serve as parent trees planted in pots in the future; the soil, fertilizer and water management and the pest control are strengthened during the temporary planting period; the trees are pruned and then are planted in the pots until the trunks are 3-5cm thick, and mud pots are preferable when the trees are planted in the pots; the trees are watered after being planted into the pots in time and the potted trees are pruned, and the fertilizer and water management work and the pest control work are strengthened in the later period; the potted trees are pruned in summer to promote flower buds to differentiate; and the potted trees can be sold in the market after blooming and fruiting in the coming year. In the method, garden fruit trees are stunted and then are cultivated in small-sized flowerpots, which can beautify yards and decorating rooms. The fruit trees have the characteristics of small occupied space, wide application range and the like and are convenient to transport. The potted fruit tree crabapple not only has the appreciation of potted plants, but also can be used as a mobile orchard to be picked and has edible value.

Description

The cultivation method of a kind of potted fruit tree Malus spectabilis

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of potted fruit tree Malus spectabilis.

Background technology

Malus spectabilis belongs to the deciduous tree seeds, completely set the fragrance of a flower spring, spire is dark green, summer is flourishing, autumn gold leaf haw, winter fallen leaves, red light completely set, promptly seeing flower, see fruit again, can obtain economic well-being of workers and staff again, is northern China fruit tree chief species, part can be done green tree species, but the big effect of economic development lifting.

Potted plant Malus spectabilis, existing very long areas such as big tree cultivation history, particularly North China before the present invention makes, the former usefulness of mainly doing stock, the part kind has practicality, moves into the field and plants with a long history, there is very big potted plant planting in existing small part area, and Hebei mainly distributes.

The present invention 1-3 that needs to grow seedlings in the field goes up basin after waiting 2-3, treats list marketing after the moulding of rime fruit.Grow seedlings and adopt advanced gardening seedling-cultivating method, acceleration increases girth growth, enlarges tree crown, grows seedlings, promptly select seedling to heel in, cultivate high quality seedling, carry out pruning, go up basin behind the 2-3, during the field is heeled in, strengthen rich water quality management, shaping in winter, summer pruning, can go up potted plant training when increasing slightly to the 3cm left and right sides.(it is large-scale potted plant also can to adopt the renewal height of tree to connect making)

1, cultivation time weak point is beneficial to a large amount of development, can finish with 2-3, and recruitment is few, can promote fast by large scale cultivating, can satisfy the demands of consumers.

2, utilize arbor, move in the basin and plant, can make small-sized potted plantly, in the inlet chamber, be beneficial to mobile.

Summary of the invention

Advantages such as directly plant the slow problem of removing from mould in the engagement with seedling for before overcoming, the inventor provides new potted plant Malus spectabilis method at present, has cultivation time weak point with the potted plant Malus spectabilis of this method, and cultivation management is convenient, and listing is fast.

Realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme, the cultivation method of a kind of potted fruit tree Malus spectabilis, and its operating procedure comprises: select that seedling, choosing sets, grown seedlings, shaping, pruning, go up basin, go up before the basin basin soil and dispose and select the anosis worm nursery stock of robust growth.

The cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Malus spectabilis of aforesaid the present invention is specifically implemented, and whole step is as follows:

1, at the northern area of China nature temperature-15～35 ℃, relative moisture 55～75%, below the height above sea level 700m, the sunshine time annual reaches under the geographical environment more than 1650 hours, selects seedling, after this year, heeled in April on the used material (basin tree) of basin;

When 2, heeling in season of growth phase, should note the fertilizing, watering work and the extermination of disease and insect pest, to guarantee to produce strong tree;

3, bud picking, shaping, prune, draw branch;

4, heel in phase 2-3 and go up basin for dried thick about 3 centimetres;

5, play the root system pruning that tree selects the anosis worm of the strong tree of high-quality;

6, the when soil choosing of configuration basin is cultivated a layer loam, slag or river sand and is added organic fertilizer;

7, going up basin will dispose basin soil and select the trees sufficient water of friendship in the basin of packing into;

8, upward should note rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest pruning behind the basin;

9, get final product list marketing behind the result;

Heeling in nursery stock when invention is specifically implemented as mentioned above is material.

Go up basin when nursery stock length was to 3 centimetres of left and right sides when invention was specifically implemented as mentioned above.

When the present invention specifically implemented as mentioned above, matrix was that loam slag or river sand add organic fertilizer.

Beneficial effect:

1, potted plant Malus spectabilis cycle weak point just can form high potted plant (scape) Malus spectabilis of sight through the short time cultivation behind the last basin, is beneficial to management, prunes simple, tree-like short and small.Can go on the market about 3 years, economic benefit is considerable.

2, potted plant (scape) Malus spectabilis miniaturization communications and transportation is convenient, and the scope of application is wide, and this potted plant (scape) can select difformity according to consumption demand, and size potted plant (scape) also can be planted the two strains that vary in size in the basin.Move to the entrance hall balcony as potted plant (scape) in the inlet chamber, arbitrarily put on the table, extensively be suitable for hotel, school, office, station, square, enterprise, afforest and beautify environment.

[description of drawings] Fig. 1 is implementation step figure of the present invention.

Embodiment

Fruit tree is potted plant to be the perfect adaptation of fruit culture and penjing art.In the room, garden carries out apple potted landscape cultivation, April tender leaf tell green, pattern is pale red, the greenery that arrive summer fluffy folded, tree performance is whirling, the golden fall, fruit growing in close clusters sews full end of the branch, shaping beta pruning ridging fertilising when winter snows waft.With its put on balcony, in the garden, before the windowsill, the gallery limit, see colored, light green, reward fruit, the part kind can be had a taste of a delicacy, throughout the year the four seasons interesting, make us pleasing.Grafting transplanted seedling tree or directly advance the finished product seedling got final product the result in general 2～3 years, and the cherry-apple tree of life in 4～5 years achieves great success.

The cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Malus spectabilis of the present invention, cultivation management technology is as follows:

1. select seedling, choosing ground, heel in

Select the disease-free nursery stock of high-quality to heel in, carry out the field management trunk and increase slightly to the 3cm basin on (after 2～3 years) choosing tree root relief, strengthen rich water quality management, the extermination of disease and insect pest in the phase heeling in the plot of choosing in advance.

2. select basin preparation nutrition soil before going up basin

Select clay earthen basin commonly used for use, good because of mud basin ventilation draining, be beneficial to the new root growth maintenance facility that goes up the Malus spectabilis of basin.With the high 20cm of basin, basin bore 30cm, footpath, end 20cm.There is the earthen basin of osculum to make container.

The configuration of nutrition soil is with garden loam, slag or leaf mould, fertilizer.Allocation ratio: be advisable between garden loam 40%, slag or river sand 40%, the fertilizer 20% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the pH value the suitableeest 5.6～7.2.

3. go up basin choosing tree

Last basin choosing tree should select the plant body to strengthen, branch is full, the healthy and strong plant of no damage by disease and insect.In the fall or go up potted plant planting spring.Last basin is ready to fill up basin, broken basin sheet, arrangement nursery stock.Also old wounded or disabled root and the long root system of trees are pruned, sick worm is pruned the back go up basin, put broken basin sheet concave surface at osculum and put into the nutrition soil that configures on a small quantity downwards.Nursery stock is put into basin, bury soil pressure in fact, hand over sufficient water to get final product.

4. rich water quality management

Fertilizing management behind the last basin, use the part quick-acting fertilizer early stage season of growth in basin, and based on N, P, K, fertilizer, every basin is executed 5～8g at every turn, with using after water-soluble the opening, is beneficial to root system and absorbs.Using once about 10 days, is that the master should select cake fertilizer, soybean cake, cotton benevolence cake, the dregs of linseeds or sesame seeds, rapeseed cake etc. for use with the fertilizer behind the result.Best with dregs of linseeds or sesame seeds nutrition, to use a basin in per 10 days and use and soak about solution 150g, a small amount of duty of applying fertilizer is executed and is beneficial to root system and absorbs, and reduces overfertilization and burns root or loss.Fertilizer is beneficial to the formation of bud, can reduce the prosperous length of branch.

The management of watering of potted plant Malus spectabilis should be watered once with yielding positive results Ye Di increase, the increase of watering during summer high temperature according to different surely the water amounts of changes of seasons with weather 2～3 days early spring.Should water every day in summer and guarantee the normal growth of basin tree about 1.5～2kg.Rainy day determines to water the water yield according to precipitation.The season of growth is noted the basin draining, causes the dead tree vigo(u)r of the not enough root system of basin oxygen weak as ponding in the basin.

5. pruning

Tree body structure, potted plant Malus spectabilis should be selected oblique dry type (scape) or straight dry type (planting) for use, and two kinds of tree-like basic structure does not have obvious major branch and is distributed in the different parts of full tree with the fruit bearing shoot group, and the branch group requires for a short time greatly down, and the basin that evenly distributes tree guarantees ventilation and penetrating light.Basin height of tree degree: the potted landscape trunk is tiltedly given birth to, and pelvic surface of sacrum is to basin tree peak 70～80cm, about bough exhibition 60cm.Potted plant height: about big potted plant 2m, about little potted plant 1m.Spinning the type that hangs down, about branch end 60cm.

Behind the basin, note drawing an angle of release on the pruning nursery stock.The shoot season of growth, in conjunction with drawing branch, turn round pinching slightly and lack branch position bud at quarter, remove overstocked branch, make tree body ventilation and penetrating light, be beneficial to flower bud differentiation, ahead of time the result.Winter pruning weigh cutting back or extremely heavy cutting back to annual prosperous branch and inspires sprig and yield positive results, and removes overstocked branch, and sick branch is adjusted a direction and angle.Make its even distribution, finally turn out a large amount of fruit bearing shoot, and promote the purpose that flower bud differentiation reaches early bearing and views and admires.

6. flower and fruit management

(1) puts honeybee

Because the most of self-fertility rate of apple variety is lower, needing pollen between different cultivars to carry out cross pollination could many results tie fruit, can adopt honeybee pollination.A plurality of above potted plant being placed in of Malus spectabilis kind are beneficial to pollination together.

(2) spray PBO

At the beginning of mid-May～6 month, in 6 months～at the beginning of 7 months, at the beginning of late July～8 month, each sprays 150 times PBO liquid 1 time, can play strong tree, control shoot, flower-promoting and fruit protecting, increase effects such as painted, the anti-dehiscent fruit of sugar, disease-resistant worm.

(3) priming leaf, change basin,

Take priming leaf, change basin, make fruit painted comprehensively, make fruit surface bright and clean more tempting.

(4) control preharvest drop

The phenomenon that falls before the part kind is adopted in the Malus spectabilis kind previous month of flower maturity, sprays methyl, and every 2.5g adds water 15kg, and complete stool basin tree has the fruit place evenly to spray.Mainly spray twice of carpopodium place, the spray of interval spray in 10 days one-time continuous.Can effectively prevent the formation of carpopodium place abscisic acid, prolongation Malus spectabilis basin is viewing period really.

7. the control of damage by disease and insect

When raised growth potted plant (really) Malus spectabilis, have the generation of damage by disease and insect, main disease foxiness disease, ring spot, limb dry rot, scurf etc.Trunk disease in time strikes off, smears 5 degree lime sulfurs.Before rudiment, but the generation of spray 3-5 degree lime sulfur effectively preventing damage by disease and insect.The damage by disease and insect that growth mainly takes place in season has aphid, Spilonota lechriaspis, two spotted spider mite, heart-eating worm etc.Spray insecticidal bactericide, miticide in the season of growth.Main insecticide has chrysanthemum lipid agricultural chemicals, time, decis, aleyrodid spy, avermitilis strain system, bactericide, tpn, carbendazim etc.

8. the soil removal and replacement of falling the basin increases the basin winter protection

After potted plant Malus spectabilis (really) grew in basin 2～3 years, basin soil reduced and occurs the above root pad of 3cm in the basin and need the root relief soil removal and replacement, guarantees the normal growth of root system in the basin, improves the interior root system nutrition condition of basin, and this work should be finished after then November or March in the coming year.The best root relief soil removal and replacement time is November then, ratio when changing basin soil ratio in last basin.Compacting is placed in and buries soil in the winter protection ditch and sit potted plant the heading west to the east of preferably of furrow and put after the soil removal and replacement, and north is done winter protection and watered sufficient water after strong and water once behind first quarter moon again and get final product, to the winter pruning of carrying out after go out basin put spring in the coming year before the rudiment.

Claims (5)

1. the cultivation method of a potted plant Malus spectabilis, its operating procedure comprises: select the plot, select seedling, heel in and support tree (trunk increases slightly), heel in the cultivation of phase tree, pruning the branch of selecting and remain is strong tree vigo(u)r, select the high quality seedling of no damage by disease and insect at last, strengthen basin on rich water, the pruning root.

2. require the cultivation method of described a kind of potted plant Malus spectabilis as right 1, it is characterized in that: at the northern area of China nature temperature-15～35 ℃, relative moisture 55～75%, below the height above sea level 700m, the sunshine time annual reaches under the geographical environment more than 1650 hours, select seedling to heel in April in spring and choose the plot in advance, cultivate good nursery stock as the high-quality fruit tree seedlings of going up basin later on.

(1) heels in the phase integer: heel in the phase at seedling and advance the pruning of nursery stock, be beneficial to the formation of flower.

(2) heel in the phase: strengthen the control of its sick worm.

(3) rich water nutrition: the rich water quality management that nursery stock is being heeled in.

(4) go up basin: to doing thick lifting, basin work such as water on the root relief.

(5) upward basin management: basin soil in time carries out the fruit tree shaping pruning after selecting to go up basin, and rich water quality management is with the control of sick worm.

(6) list marketing: the potted fruit tree result of basin on the next year, just can list marketing.

3. the cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Malus spectabilis as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in the nursery stock being material.

4. the cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Malus spectabilis as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that the dried basin to the 3-5 centimetre that increases slightly.

5. the cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Malus spectabilis as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that matrix is soil and slag or sand.

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