CN101986824A - Method for cultivating bonsai Fuji apple tree - Google Patents
Method for cultivating bonsai Fuji apple tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN101986824A CN101986824A CN200910090306XA CN200910090306A CN101986824A CN 101986824 A CN101986824 A CN 101986824A CN 200910090306X A CN200910090306X A CN 200910090306XA CN 200910090306 A CN200910090306 A CN 200910090306A CN 101986824 A CN101986824 A CN 101986824A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating bonsai Fuji apple trees, which specifically comprises the steps of: selecting a field, choosing seedlings, planting, managing soil, fertilizer and water and pruning; in spring, heeling in the selected high-quality robust seedlings into the selected field, and controlling the growth of the seedlings, and strengthening the management of fertilizer and water and the prevention and treatment work of pests and diseases during the heeling period; after flower buds are formed to reach the condition of planting on basins, and selecting the tree seedlings with robust plants, plump eyes and no diseases or inset pests to be planted on the basins in early-middle March; cutting out necrosis roots when planting, placing a small amount of nourishment soils into the bottom of the basins, putting in the seedlings, uniformly manipulating root systems, burying soils and compacting, and timely watering; paying attention to pruning after the seedlings are planted into the basins and pulling branches and opening angles during pruning to ensure that the trees are ventilated and transmitted, thus benefitting the formation of flower buds; and selling the apple trees growing in the basins after blossom and yield fruit. In the method of the invention, garden fruit trees are dwarfed to be planted into small flowerpots, which can beautify gardens and decorate bedrooms. The invention has the advantages of little space occupation, convenient transportation, wide application range, and the like. The invention not only has the ornamental property of potted plants, but also has edible value by being used as a mobile garden to be harvested.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of Fuji apple tree, be particularly useful for potted plant (scape) Fuji apple.
Background technology
Fuji apple belongs to the deciduous tree seeds, completely set the fragrance of a flower spring, spire is dark green, summer is flourishing, autumn gold leaf haw, winter fallen leaves, promptly see flower and see fruit not only but also can pluck the acquisition economic well-being of workers and staff, be northern China fruit tree chief species, part can be done green tree species, but for the big effect of economic development lifting.
Potted apple (Fuji), existing very long areas such as big tree cultivation history, particularly North China before the present invention makes.Mainly did the usefulness of stock in the past, the part kind has practicality, and the immigration field is planted with a long history, and there is very big potted plant planting in existing small part area, and the area, Hebei mainly distributes.
The present invention 1-3 that needs to grow seedlings in the field goes up basin after waiting 2-3, gets final product list marketing after the moulding of rime fruit by the time.Grow seedlings and adopt advanced gardening seedling-cultivating method, acceleration increases girth growth, enlarges tree crown, grows seedlings and promptly select seedling to heel in, carry out pruning after cultivating high quality seedling, go up basin behind the 2-3, during the field is heeled in, to strengthen rich water quality management, shaping in winter, summer pruning, can go up potted plant training when trunk increases slightly to 3 centimetres of left and right sides.(it is large-scale potted plant also can to adopt the renewal height of tree to connect making)
1, cultivation time weak point helps a large amount of development, can finish with 2-3, and saving of work and time can be promoted by large scale cultivating fast, can satisfy the demands of consumers.
2, utilize arbor, move in the basin and plant, can make small-sized potted plantly, in the inlet chamber, be beneficial to mobile.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is directly to plant the slow problem of removing from mould in the engagement with seedling for before overcoming, the inventor provides the cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Fuji apple tree at present, advantages such as it is short to have the cultivation time with this method potted apple (Fuji), and cultivation management is convenient, and listing is fast.
Technical scheme of the present invention is the cultivation method of a kind of Fuji apple tree, and its operating procedure comprises; Select seedling, grow seedlings, shaping, pruning, choosing tree, go up basin, go up basin before the configuration of basin soil select the anosis worm nursery stock of robust growth.
The cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Fuji apple tree of aforesaid the present invention is specifically implemented, and whole step is as follows:
1, at the northern area of China nature temperature-15～35 ℃, relative moisture 55～75%, below the height above sea level 700m, the sunshine time annual reaches under the geographical environment more than 1650 hours, selects seedling to choosing, in spring, selects the rural area of fertile soil, selects the nursery stock of high-quality stalwartness;
2, heel in when growth phase, should note the fertilizing, watering work and the extermination of disease and insect pest, to guarantee to produce strong tree;
3, basin on the root relief is pruned its root, removes and is completely cured, and hinders root, goes up basin behind the unnecessary overstocked little lateral root;
4, heel in the interior trunk of phase 2-3 and go up basin for thick about 3 centimetres;
5, play the root system pruning that tree selects the anosis worm of the strong tree of high-quality;
6, the when soil choosing of configuration basin is cultivated a layer loam, slag or river sand and is added organic fertilizer;
7, going up basin will dispose basin soil and select the trees sufficient water of friendship in the basin of packing into;
8, upward should note rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest pruning behind the basin;
9, get final product list marketing behind the result;
Aforesaid the present invention when specifically implementing, is a material with the apple seedling of high-quality stalwartness;
Go up basin when nursery stock length was to 3 centimetres of left and right sides when invention was specifically implemented as mentioned above.
When the present invention specifically implemented as mentioned above, matrix was that loam slag or leaf mould add organic fertilizer, and its ratio is 40% to add slag or leaf mould 40% adds the fertilizer 20% that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Beneficial effect:
1, potted apple (Fuji) cycle weak point just can form high potted plant (scape) apple (Fuji) of sight through the short time cultivation behind the last basin, is beneficial to management, prunes simple, tree-like short and small.Can go on the market about 3 years, economic benefit is considerable.
2, potted plant (scape) apple (Fuji) miniaturization, communications and transportation is convenient, and the scope of application is wide, and this potted plant (scape) can select difformity according to consumption demand, and size potted plant (scape) also can potted plant two strains that vary in size.House lead in is entered the room, as potted landscape move to doorway, the hall, balcony, a table cabinet is arbitrarily put, extensively be suitable for hotel, school, office, station, square, enterprise, afforest and beautify environment.
[description of drawings] Fig. 1 is implementation step figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fruit tree is potted plant to be the perfect adaptation of fruit culture and penjing art.In the room, garden carries out Fuji apple potted landscape cultivation, late April, tender leaf is told green, pattern is pale red, arrive summer, greenery are fluffy folded, tree performance is whirling, the golden fall, fruit growing in close clusters sews full end of the branch, when winter snows waft, shaping beta pruning ridging fertilising.With its put on balcony, in the garden, before the windowsill, the gallery limit, see colored, light green, reward fruit, have a taste of a delicacy, throughout the year the four seasons interesting, make us pleasing.Grafting transplanted seedling tree or directly advance the finished product seedling, general 2～3a gets final product the result, the Fuji Fuji apple tree that 4～5a gives birth to, 10～15 of every strain results.
The cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Fuji apple tree of the present invention, cultivation management technology is as follows:
1. select seedling, choosing ground, heel in
Select the disease-free nursery stock of high-quality to heel in, carry out the field management trunk and increase slightly to the 3cm basin on (after 2～3 years) choosing tree root relief, strengthen rich water quality management, the extermination of disease and insect pest in the phase heeling in the plot of choosing in advance.
2. go up basin choosing tree
Should select before the last basin that the plant body is strong, branch is full, the healthy and strong plant of no damage by disease and insect for use.In the fall or go up potted plant planting spring.Last basin is ready to fill up basin, broken basin sheet, arrangement nursery stock.Also old wounded or disabled root and the long root system of trees are pruned upward basin of back, put broken basin sheet concave surface at osculum and put into the nutrition soil that configures on a small quantity downwards.Nursery stock is put into basin, bury soil pressure in fact, water sufficient water and get final product.
3. select basin preparation nutrition soil before going up basin
Select clay earthen basin commonly used for use, good because of mud basin ventilation draining, be beneficial to the new root growth maintenance facility that goes up the Fuji apple of basin.With the high 20cm of basin, basin bore 30cm, footpath, end 20cm.There is the earthen basin of osculum to make container.The configuration of nutrition soil is with garden loam, slag or leaf mould, fertilizer.Allocation ratio: garden loam 40% adds slag or leaf mould 40% and adds between the fertilizer 20% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the pH value the suitableeest 5.6～7.2 and be advisable.
4. rich water quality management
Fertilizing management behind the last basin, use the part quick-acting fertilizer early stage season of growth in basin, and based on N, P, K, fertilizer, every basin is executed 5～8g at every turn, with using after water-soluble the opening, is beneficial to root system and absorbs.Executing once in 8-10 days, is that the master should select cake fertilizer, soybean cake, cotton benevolence cake, the dregs of linseeds or sesame seeds, rapeseed cake etc. for use with the fertilizer behind the result.Best with dregs of linseeds or sesame seeds nutrition, to execute a basin in every 8-10 days and use and soak about solution 150g, a small amount of duty of applying fertilizer is executed and is beneficial to root system and absorbs, and reduces overfertilization and burns root.Fertilizer is beneficial to the formation of bud, can reduce the prosperous length of branch.The management of watering of potted plant Fuji Fuji apple should be according to different surely the water amounts of changes of seasons with weather, water once with yielding positive results the increase of watering during summer high temperature 2～3 days early spring.Should water every day in summer and guarantee the normal growth of basin tree about 1.5kg.Rainy day determines to water the water yield according to precipitation.The season of growth is noted the basin draining, causes the dead tree vigo(u)r of the not enough root system of basin oxygen weak as ponding in the basin.
5. pruning
Tree body structure, potted plant Fuji apple should be selected oblique dry type (scape) or straight dry type (planting) for use, and two kinds of tree-like basic structure does not have obvious major branch and is distributed in the different parts of full tree with the fruit bearing shoot group, and the branch group requires for a short time greatly down, and the basin that evenly distributes tree guarantees ventilation and penetrating light.Basin height of tree degree: the potted landscape trunk is tiltedly given birth to, and pelvic surface of sacrum is to basin tree peak 70～80cm, about bough exhibition 60cm.Potted plant height: about big potted plant 2m, about little potted plant 1m.Spinning the type that hangs down, about branch end 60cm.
Behind the basin, note drawing an angle of release on the pruning nursery stock.The shoot season of growth, in conjunction with drawing branch, turn round pinching slightly and lack branch position bud at quarter, remove overstocked branch, make tree body ventilation and penetrating light, be beneficial to flower bud differentiation, ahead of time the result.Winter pruning weigh cutting back or extremely heavy cutting back to annual prosperous branch and inspires sprig and yield positive results, and removes overstocked branch, and sick branch is adjusted a direction and angle.Make its even distribution, finally turn out a large amount of fruit bearing shoot, and promote the purpose that flower bud differentiation reaches early bearing and views and admires.
6. flowers and fruits
(1) artificial pollination
Because the most of self-fertility rate of Fuji apple kind is lower, needing pollen between different cultivars to carry out cross pollination could many results tie fruit, can gather pollen and carry out artificial pollination or use honeybee pollination.Apple variety more than at least 2 is potted plant to be placed in together.That morning that potted plant Fuji apple flower is bloomed, dip in the column cap that the pollen point is awarded flower with writing brush.
(2) spray PBO
At the beginning of mid-May～6 month, in 6 months～at the beginning of 7 months, at the beginning of late July～8 month, each sprays 150 times PBO liquid 1 time, can play strong tree, control shoot, flower-promoting and fruit protecting, increase effects such as painted, the anti-dehiscent fruit of sugar, disease-resistant worm.
(3) priming leaf, commentaries on classics basin, commentaries on classics fruit and light filling
For improving fruit quality, prevent disease worm harm fruit, and take priming leaf, commentaries on classics basin, make fruit painted comprehensively, make fruit surface bright and clean more tempting.
(4) painted and subsides word
After fruit is painted comprehensively, with " good fortune ", " high post ", " longevity ", " happiness " printed words or flower, bird, insect, and fish pattern, be made into the glue word or the glue figure of special process, attached to the transparent non-setting adhesive front, after 15～30d extracts the fruit bag before fruit maturation, stick the glue word and figure pastes at the sunny slope of fruit metastomium.After the fruit color maturation, throw off paster, will manifest the printed words of expection and the pattern of various beauties on the Fuji apple fruit, make potted plant Fuji apple more attractive in appearance, improve its ornamental value.
(5) increase is viewed and admired the time
In time spray methyl after Fuji apple is plucked bag, every 2.5g adds water 15kg, and complete stool basin tree has the fruit place evenly to spray.Mainly spray carpopodium place, at interval 10 days spray one-time continuous spray twice, prolong Fuji apple potted landscape viewing period.
7. the control of damage by disease and insect
When the potted plant Fuji apple of a large amount of productions, have the generation of damage by disease and insect, main disease foxiness disease, ring spot, limb dry rot etc.Trunk disease in time strikes off, smears 5 degree lime sulfurs.Before rudiment, but the generation of spray 3-5 degree lime sulfur effectively preventing damage by disease and insect.The damage by disease and insect that growth mainly takes place in season has aphid, Spilonota lechriaspis, two spotted spider mite, heart-eating worm etc.Spray insecticidal bactericide, miticide in the season of growth.Main insecticide has chrysanthemum lipid agricultural chemicals, time, decis, aleyrodid spy, avermitilis strain system, bactericide, tpn, carbendazim etc.
8. the soil removal and replacement of falling the basin increases the basin winter protection
After potted plant Fuji apple (really) grew in basin 2～3 years, basin soil reduced, and occurred the above root pad of 3cm in the basin, need the soil removal and replacement of beginning root relief, to ensure the normal growth of root system in the basin, improve root system nutrition condition in the basin, this work should be finished in then November or March in the coming year.The best root relief soil removal and replacement time is November then, ratio when changing basin soil ratio in last basin.Compacting is placed in and buries soil in the winter protection ditch and sit potted plant the heading west to the east of preferably of furrow and put after the soil removal and replacement, and north is done winter protection and watered sufficient water after strong and water once behind first quarter moon again and get final product, to the winter pruning of carrying out after go out basin put spring in the coming year before the rudiment.
Claims (6)
1. the cultivation method of a potted plant Fuji apple tree, its operating procedure comprises: select the plot, select seedling, heel in and support tree (trunk increases slightly), branch is pruned and is selected strong tree vigo(u)r, selects the high quality seedling of no damage by disease and insect at last, and basin is managed in reinforcement rich water quality management, the pruning.
2. require the cultivation method of described a kind of potted plant Fuji apple tree as right 1, it is characterized in that: at the northern area of China nature temperature-15～35 ℃, relative moisture 55～75%, below the height above sea level 700m, the sunshine time annual reaches under the geographical environment more than 1650 hours, in April in spring, heel in healthy and strong seedling in the ground of choosing, cultivate good nursery stock as the high-quality fruit tree seedlings of going up basin later on.
Heel in the phase integer: heel in the phase at seedling and advance the pruning of nursery stock, be beneficial to the formation of flower.
Rich water nutrition: the rich water quality management that nursery stock is being heeled in.
Heel in the phase: strengthen the control of its damage by disease and insect.
Last basin: to doing thick lifting, basin work such as water on the root relief.
Last basin management: basin soil in time carries out the fruit tree shaping pruning after selecting to go up basin, and rich water quality management is with the control of sick worm.
List marketing: the potted fruit tree result of basin on the next year, just can list marketing.
3. the cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Fuji apple tree as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in the nursery stock being material.
4. the cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Fuji apple tree as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: limb increases slightly goes up basin after 3-5 centimetre.
5. the cultivation method of a kind of potted plant Fuji apple tree as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that matrix is that loam slag or leaf mould add organic fertilizer.
6. the ratio of the cultivation method basin soil matrix matter of a kind of potted plant Fuji apple tree as claimed in claim 2: 40% adds slag or leaf mould 40% adds the fertilizer 20% that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910090306XA CN101986824A (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Method for cultivating bonsai Fuji apple tree |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910090306XA CN101986824A (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Method for cultivating bonsai Fuji apple tree |
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| CN101986824A true CN101986824A (en) | 2011-03-23 |
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| CN200910090306XA Pending CN101986824A (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Method for cultivating bonsai Fuji apple tree |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103548636A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-05 | 苏州市相城区渭塘凤凰泾农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of Huaguan apple trees |
| CN109168838A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽德丰生态农业有限公司 | A kind of management and cultivation method of potted apple |
| CN109863932A (en) * | 2018-10-28 | 2019-06-11 | 陕西海棠生态农林股份有限公司 | A kind of method of nutritive cube cultivation Tissue-cultured apple seedling |
| CN111133944A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-05-12 | 山东农业大学 | Production method for advancing maturation period of Fuji apples |
| CN113330974A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-03 | 通辽市林业和草原科学研究所 | Cultivation method of apple saplings |
-
2009
- 2009-08-07 CN CN200910090306XA patent/CN101986824A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103548636A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-05 | 苏州市相城区渭塘凤凰泾农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of Huaguan apple trees |
| CN109168838A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽德丰生态农业有限公司 | A kind of management and cultivation method of potted apple |
| CN109863932A (en) * | 2018-10-28 | 2019-06-11 | 陕西海棠生态农林股份有限公司 | A kind of method of nutritive cube cultivation Tissue-cultured apple seedling |
| CN111133944A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-05-12 | 山东农业大学 | Production method for advancing maturation period of Fuji apples |
| CN111133944B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2023-06-06 | 山东农业大学 | Production method for early maturing period of Fuji apples |
| CN113330974A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-03 | 通辽市林业和草原科学研究所 | Cultivation method of apple saplings |
| CN113330974B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2024-05-14 | 通辽市林业和草原科学研究所 | Apple sapling cultivation method |
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Open date: 20110323 |