CN113439598A - Efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvesting of apocarya - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvesting of a thin-shell pecan tree, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a forestation land; 2) building related supporting facilities; 3) soil preparation; 4) selecting seedling varieties: selecting 3 or more varieties, mutually pollinating trees, taking the main cultivated variety with a large quantity, and taking the main cultivated variety with a large quantity, otherwise, the pollinated variety with a large quantity, wherein the main cultivated variety with 3 to 5 rows is generally matched with the pollinated variety with 1 to 2 rows, and the distance between the main cultivated variety and the pollinated variety is not more than 100 m; 5) planting seedlings: selecting 2-3 years old grafted big seedlings as nursery stocks, wherein the grafted buds are buds on fruit bearing branches; 6) planting the understory commercial crops: covering the planted hickory nuts with couch grass or crop straws, and interplanting the hickory nuts with understory commercial crops, wherein the understory commercial crops are one or more of poria cocos, lily and rape; 7) tending and managing the young forest; 8) pruning and shaping: pruning the crown into a multi-level natural open-heart shape year by year; the work of each link is strictly mastered through scientific management, and the high yield and the harvest are increased.

Description

Efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvesting of apocarya

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of walnut tree planting, and particularly relates to an efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvest of a thin-shell pecan tree.

Background

The Dong nationality autonomous county of the Jingzhou Miao nationality in Hunan province is a national hickory cultivation and comprehensive processing demonstration area and a national hickory ecological origin protection demonstration area, hickory is one of Jingzhou Sanbao (red bayberry, tuckahoe and hickory), has a history of over 300 years, is famous nationwide due to good taste, crisp quality, fragrant taste, heavy oil and delicious taste, and is famous for the city of the southern hickory. The hickory is a world famous high-grade dry fruit, oil tree species and excellent tree species with both wood and fruit. The walnut kernel contains a large amount of grease and other nutrient substances, is a food with rich nutrition, can be used for medicine, has a special effect and a health care value for improving the human immunity, can reduce the incidence rate of coronary heart disease when being used for extracting oil from the walnut kernel, has the advantages that the bark, leaves and peel of the walnut kernel are raw materials for extracting tannic acid and tannin extract, the seed shell is a high-grade polishing material after being crushed, the walnut tree is tough in material, beautiful in shape and leaf-fragrant, is an excellent greening tree species, and has high medical value, economic value, nutritional value and garden value.

The apocarya, also known as American and Changshan walnuts, is a world famous high-grade dry fruit, oil tree species and excellent tree species with good growth habit: the soil is loved by light, loves warm humid climate, has certain cold resistance, is suitable for being grown in loose sandy soil with good drainage and deep and fertile soil layer, is resistant to drought and water humidity, is introduced in the northern part of Mexico in the southern part of the original production area between 21 and 35 degrees of north latitude, and is suitable for planting in most of the areas in China. The carya illinoensis nut has thin and easily peeled shells and thick kernels, is rich in fat and sweet in taste, and is a raw material for eating dried fruits and extracting oil. The method has high yield and high quality, the yield is 1-2 times higher than that of Chinese hickory, and the commodity value is 2-3 times higher. The consumption of the carya illinoensis is much more than that of the common walnuts as the shells are easy to peel off like the peeled peanuts.

The carya illinoensis is planted by utilizing unique geographical advantages of Jing Zhou, forest economy is vigorously developed, and the yield and income of walnut planting can be further increased. In the forestry production management work for many years, an applicant always keeps a learning mind, new problems found in the production process are continuously improved, relevant management systems and measures are perfected, the planting and management level of walnut forests is improved in an effort, project bases can be developed and developed, and considerable economic and social benefits are brought to members of cooperative society and surrounding masses.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the problems of the background art, the invention aims to provide an efficient cultivation method for increasing the yield and the harvest of the thin-shell pecan trees.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an efficient cultivation method for increasing the yield and the harvest of a thin-shell pecan tree comprises the following steps:

1) selecting a forestation land; selecting a sunny slope or a semi-sunny slope which is convenient to transport, sufficient in water source, below 500 m in mountain elevation and relatively gentle in slope in the afforestation land, wherein the soil layer is more than 80cm thick, the PH value is 5.5-7.0, and the yellow soil or yellow red soil is relatively good in water permeability;

2) building related supporting facilities; building standard forest ways, water pools and drainage ditches (ring drainage ditches are built on the step plane) in the forestation land, building a room for construction management, a fireproof forest isolation zone and a step structure in the forestation land;

3) land preparation: firstly removing mixed grass on the forest land, scattering 50kg of quicklime per mu for disinfecting and improving soil, digging a horizontal ladder belt, preparing soil in a ladder field shape and large holes, wherein the hole specification is 1.0 meter multiplied by 0.8 meter, the density is preferably 6 meters multiplied by 7 meters or 6 meters multiplied by 6 meters, 16-20 plants are planted per mu, about 50kg of compost farmyard manure or 0.5kg of compound fertilizer is applied per hole as base fertilizer, 1kg of calcium superphosphate is added, and fertile surface soil with the thickness of 15-20cm is coated on the base fertilizer;

4) selecting seedling varieties: selecting 3 or more varieties, mutually pollinating trees, taking the main cultivated variety with a large quantity, and taking the main cultivated variety with a large quantity, otherwise, the pollinated variety with a large quantity, wherein the main cultivated variety with 3 to 5 rows is generally matched with the pollinated variety with 1 to 2 rows, and the distance between the main cultivated variety and the pollinated variety is not more than 100 m;

5) planting seedlings: planting before and after 30 days of spring festival, selecting 2-3 year old grafted big seedlings as the grafted buds, removing the plastic film at the grafted part, trimming the damaged roots, trimming the overlong branches and cutting off the main roots;

6) planting the understory commercial crops: covering the planted hickory nuts with couch grass or crop straws, and interplanting the hickory nuts with understory commercial crops, wherein the understory commercial crops are one or more of poria cocos, lily and rape;

7) and (3) tending and managing the young forest: loosening soil and weeding are not less than 2 times per year, and after fertilization is performed for 2 times per year in combination with tending, nursery stocks are replanted in spring;

8) pruning and shaping: when the nursery stock grows to 1 m high, the branches are trimmed, the tree shape is arranged, and the tree crowns are trimmed to be in a multi-level natural open-center shape year by year.

Further, the efficient cultivation method for increasing the yield and the harvest of the thin-shell pecan trees further comprises the following steps: 9) pollination: artificial pollination or bee pollination is used in the seedling florescence to improve the fruiting rate.

Further, in the step 1), the afforestation land is selected from a sunny slope or a semi-sunny slope which is convenient to transport, sufficient in water source, below 500 m in mountain altitude and gentle in slope, the soil layer thickness is more than 80cm, the PH value is 5.5-7.0, and the yellow soil or yellow red soil is good in water permeability.

Further, the soil is relatively wet sandy loam.

Further, in the step 2), a standard forest path, a water pool and a drainage ditch are built in the afforestation ground, a step structure is built in the afforestation ground, an annular drainage ditch is built on a step plane, at least one drainage port is arranged in the annular drainage ditch and is connected to a water reservoir arranged on a lower step plane through a drainage pipe, the annular drainage ditch, the water reservoir and the drainage port are all bricked with red bricks and are brushed with cement powder on the periphery and the bottom, the water reservoir is subjected to anti-seepage treatment, the drainage port is divided into a first-stage water purifying port and a second-stage water purifying port, the first-stage water purifying port is communicated with the annular drainage ditch through a first water inlet, water in the annular drainage ditch is introduced into a first-stage water purifying port, ceramsite is filled in the first-stage water purifying port to filter rainwater, the second-stage water purifying port is communicated with the first-stage water purifying port through a second water inlet, and rainwater filtered by the ceramsite enters into a second-stage water purifying port, fill the cobble in the second grade water purification mouth and filter the rainwater, through the drain pipe intercommunication between second grade purification mouth and the cistern, irrigation pipe is connected to the cistern, directly adopts the artesian drip irrigation to the step walnut nursery stock that the position is low, and the high adoption of position sprays, when needing to fertilize, adds fertilizer and can realize the same system of fertilization and irrigation sharing in the cistern, and water and electricity facility, the ring hill road are built perfectly in addition.

Further, in the step 4), the main cultivars are Bonni, Marhan and Beck, and the pollinator varieties are Jinhua and Kaduo.

Further, in the step 5), the leaves of the plants are cut off in the dry weather in the planting process of 1/3-1/2.

Further, the step 8) specifically includes:

8.1) sapling shaping: the young trees are pruned in the late ten days without fruits in 8 months, after the pecans are planted, trunk fixation is carried out, the trunk height is 1-1.5 m, saw cuts are cut flat and coated with protective agent vaseline to prevent decay, 3 obliquely extending main branches with strong and balanced growth potential and 30-degree angles are cultured above the main trunk after the trunk fixation, the three main branches are kept at proper distances, the upper main branch and the lower main branch are inserted and selected to be left in a vacant mode to avoid overlapping, 3-4 lateral branches are cultured on each main branch to serve as auxiliary main branches, about 2 secondary lateral branches are cultured on each lateral branch, as a result, branch groups are uniformly distributed around the main branches and the lateral branches, branch tips on the upper portions of the crowns are kept as much as possible, thinning and pruning can be carried out on the lower portions of the crowns gradually, thinning and pruning or changing the main branches into branch groups year by year, the growth of competitive branches is controlled, and pinching in summer or short-cutting culture of branch groups at the junction of spring and autumn slightly is adopted;

8.2) pruning fruit trees: pruning an adult tree about 10 months after fruit picking, culturing strong branch groups from the initial stage of fruit picking, continuously increasing fruit positions, preventing and treating the empty and weak inner chamber and outward movement of the fruit positions, selecting strong dorsal oblique branches or dorsal upper branches from the inner chamber for growth, retracting when the branches are branched and weakened, promoting thickening and transverse branching, enlarging the fruit positions, cutting off the nearby weak branches and back branches, arranging the large, medium and small branch groups in a staggered way, uniformly distributing the large, medium and small branch groups on each level of bone main branches, keeping proper distance among the branch groups without mutual interference, gradually weakening the branch groups after years of fruit picking and branch lengthening, thinning the dense or weak branches, and continuously culturing new excellent fruit bearing mother branches.

The beneficial effects of the invention mainly comprise: the invention provides an efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvest of a thin-shell pecan tree, which is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of selecting seedlings, selecting a forestation area, preparing soil, planting the seedlings, trimming a tree shape, pollinating, applying fertilizer, preventing and treating insect pests, interplanting economic crops under the forest, harvesting and processing, and scientifically managing to strictly control the work of each link, and is rigorous in process method and program, continuous in improvement, so that the walnut tree grows fast, the survival rate is high, the stems and branches are thick and strong, the flowering and fruiting rate is high, fruits are solid, a deep processing industrial chain is formed after the fruits are harvested, and an e-commerce marketing platform is established, so that the yield is increased and the harvest is increased.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described below to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art.

Example 1: the invention provides an efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvest of a thin-shell walnut tree, which is used for planting in the Dong nationality county of the Jingzhou seedling family in Hunan province, and by the steps of seedling selection, forest land selection, land preparation, seedling planting, tree pruning, pollination, fertilizer application, insect pest control, strict work grasping of various links of economic crop interplanting, harvesting and processing and scientific management under forest, rigorous technological methods and procedures are continuously improved, so that the walnut tree grows fast, the survival rate is high, the stem and branch are thick, the flowering result rate is high, the fruits are solid, the yield is increased, and the harvest is increased, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

1) selecting a forestation land: the walnut has wide adaptability to soil, is a deep-rooted photophobic fruit tree, is loving to moisture and weak in drought resistance, and is suitable for planting pecans in forestation lands selected from sunny slopes or semisunny slopes which are convenient to transport, sufficient in water source, have the elevation of the mountain land below 500 meters and gentle in slope, have the pH value of 5.5-7.0 and have good water permeability, wherein moist sandy loam is the best, the mountain land is fertile and flat in quality, the elevation is 370-420 meters, tea trees and suitable lands around the field are loams with strong water retention, the soil layer is fertile and has the depth of more than 80cm, the terrain is flat and sunny, and the pecans are suitable for planting;

2) building related supporting facilities: standard forest ways (30 mu is a small class), pools and drainage ditches are built in the base (the building of drainage facilities refers to Chinese utility model patent which is applied by the applicant in addition, and the application number is 2020200375022), and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the step structure is built in a base, an annular drainage ditch is built on a step plane, at least one drainage port is arranged in the annular drainage ditch, the drainage port is connected to a reservoir arranged on the lower step plane through a drainage pipe, the annular drainage ditch, the reservoir and the drainage port are all paved with red bricks and are painted with cement all around and at the bottom, the reservoir is made to have anti-seepage treatment, the drainage port is divided into a first-level water purifying port and a second-level water purifying port, the first-level water purifying port is communicated with the annular drainage ditch through a first water inlet, water in the annular drainage ditch is introduced into the first-level water purifying port, ceramsite filtering rainwater is filled in the first-level water purifying port, the second-level water purifying port is communicated with the first-level water purifying port through a second water inlet, rainwater filtered by the ceramsite enters the second-level water purifying port, pebbles are filled in the second-level water purifying port to filter the rainwater, and the second-level water purifying port is communicated with the reservoir through a drainage pipe, the water storage tank is connected with an irrigation water pipe, the step walnut tree seedlings with low positions are directly subjected to self-flow drip irrigation, the step walnut tree seedlings with high positions are subjected to spray irrigation, when fertilizer is needed to be applied, the fertilizer and the irrigation water can share the same system by adding the fertilizer into the water storage tank, and in addition, hydroelectric facilities and mountainous roads are well built;

3) land preparation: firstly removing mixed grass on the forest land, scattering 50kg of quicklime per mu for disinfecting and improving soil, digging a horizontal ladder belt, preparing soil in a ladder field shape and large holes, wherein the hole specification is 1.0 meter multiplied by 0.8 meter, the density is preferably 6 meter multiplied by 7 meter or 6 meter multiplied by 6 meter, 16-20 plants are planted per mu, about 50kg of compost farmyard manure or 0.5kg of compound fertilizer is applied per hole as base fertilizer, 1kg of calcium superphosphate is added, and fertile surface soil with the thickness of 15-20cm is coated on the base fertilizer;

4) selecting seedling varieties: the American carya illinoensis which has higher market acceptance and belongs to high-end scarce green Chinese hawthorn, and the American carya illinoensis has high nutritional and medicinal values and is a high-quality variety: marhan, boni, zhongshan, pritzian, beck, peruqua, selaze, wiston, jinhua, mohank, kaduo and the like, the flowering phases of female buds and male buds of the pecans on the same plant are in sequence due to different varieties, some male flowers of the varieties begin to bloom before other varieties of female flowers (such as marhan), and the sequences of the female flowers and the male flowers are different on different plants, so that self-pollination is very low or even not pollinated, the pollination setting rate of the varieties meeting in the female and male flowering phases is high when different plants are required, namely the varieties are matched when the pecans are planted, 3 or more varieties are selected, the pollinated trees are a main variety with a large number, otherwise, the main variety with 3 to 5 rows is matched with the pollination variety with 1 to 2 rows, the hony variety, the marhan and the kawa variety are pollinated, the distance between the main cultivated variety and the pollinated variety is not more than 100m, and artificial pollination or bee pollination can be used for improving the fruiting rate;

5) planting seedlings: planting is carried out 30 days before and after spring festival, in addition, 2-3 years old grafted big seedlings are selected for the seedlings (the grafted buds are the buds on the bearing branches, otherwise, the grafted seedlings are difficult to fruit after being grown up), when the seedlings are planted, the plastic film at the grafting parts is removed, the damaged roots are trimmed, overlong branches are cut off, 1/3-1/2 of leaves are cut off when the weather is dry so as to reduce water evaporation, root systems are stretched and the seedlings are righted when the seedlings are planted, then fine soil is added, layering and treading is carried out, sufficient root fixing water is poured when the soil is dry, the main roots of the pecan seedlings grow extremely vigorously and have few side roots, in order to improve the transplanting survival rate, the main roots are cut off to promote the growth of the side roots, the growth of overground parts is correspondingly promoted, the transplanting is slow in recovery and low in survival rate, therefore, the bare root planting is not suitable, the density is determined according to variety characteristics, soil and fertilizer water conditions and the like, slightly thinning the soil when the soil is fertile and deep, wherein the row spacing of the plants is required to be 6-7 m, 16-20 plants are planted per mu, and the hole requirement is 100cm multiplied by 80 cm;

6) and (3) vigorously planting the understory commercial crops: in order to preserve water, preserve moisture and prevent weed from breeding, the planted hickory nuts should be covered with couch grass or crop straws and the like, the planted hickory nuts are pure forest, grow slowly in the young period, can be used for planting intercropping crops in order to fully utilize the land, can increase income and improve the soil, and are planted with under-forest economic crops in a interplanting mode, so that the traditional forestry with single structure is changed, the economic and social benefits are improved, 80 mu of poria cocos, 100 mu of lily, 30 mu of rape and more than 70 mu of other drought crops are planted in our field, the land can be effectively utilized in the interplanting mode, the economic income can be increased, the soil moisture can be better maintained, the plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced, the soil fertility can be improved, and the better growth of seedlings can be promoted;

7) and (3) tending and managing the young forest: loosening soil and weeding are not less than 2 times per year, and after fertilization is performed for 2 times per year in combination with tending, nursery stocks are replanted in spring;

8) pruning and shaping: when the nursery stock grows to 1 m high, beginning to trim branches, tidying tree shapes, and trimming tree crowns year by year into a multi-level natural open-center shape; the method specifically comprises the following steps:

8.1) sapling shaping: the young trees are not provided with fruits and begin to be pruned in the last ten days, when pecans are planted, trunk fixing is carried out, the trunk height is 1-1.5 m, the farm is 1.2m, saw cuts are cut flat and protective agent vaseline is coated to prevent decay, 3 obliquely extending main branches with strong and balanced growth potential and 30-degree angles are cultured above the trunk after the trunk fixing, the three main branches are kept at proper distance, the upper and lower branches are inserted and selected to avoid overlapping, 3-4 side branches are cultured on each main branch to serve as auxiliary main branches, 2 or so secondary side branches are cultured on each side branch to ensure that the result branch groups are uniformly distributed around the main branches and the side branches, the branch tips on the upper parts of the crowns are kept as much as possible, the lower parts of the crowns can be gradually subjected to pruning year by year, the branches are pruned year by year or are changed into branch groups, the growth of competitive branches can be controlled, and pinching in summer or the branch culture group at the short place of spring and autumn;

8.2) pruning fruit trees: pruning the adult trees about 10 months after picking fruits, culturing strong branch groups from the initial stage of fruiting, continuously increasing fruiting parts, and preventing and treating empty inner chambers and outward migration of the fruiting parts, and the specific method comprises the following steps: selecting strong anticline branches or branches on the dorsum from the inner chamber, allowing the branches to grow, retracting when the branches are branched and weakened, promoting thickening and transverse branching, enlarging fruiting parts, cutting off nearby weak branches and back branches, arranging large, medium and small branch groups in a staggered manner, uniformly distributing the branch groups on each level of backbone branches, keeping proper distance between the branch groups without mutual interference, gradually weakening the branch groups after fruiting for many years and lengthening the branches, thinning out dense or weak branches, and continuously culturing new mother branches with good results.

Item highlight: the invention enables the apocarya to increase the yield and harvest by selecting proper forestation land, building supporting facilities, planting walnut seedlings, planting under-forest cash crops and good later management, improves the pollination fruiting rate of walnuts by selecting and matching walnut tree varieties, improves income and protects seedlings by developing under-forest economy, selects poria cocos which is one of Jingzhou sanbao, has proper growth conditions, forms a three-dimensional cultivation system and increases economic benefit; the base utilizes modern science and technology, takes the professional technical staff responsible for production construction management as means, improves the fine breed cultivation technique, improves the intensification planting level, and after the project was implemented, drive hickory planting area 800 mu more, the project is direct to be solved local masses 50 more employment, has played fine social, through planting of forest economic crop, can air-purifying, afforest simultaneously and keep soil and water, improve ecological environment, have good ecological benefits.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited by the description herein, since various changes and modifications can be made in the details of the embodiment and the application range according to the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvest of a thin-shell pecan tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) selecting a forestation land;

2) building related supporting facilities;

3) land preparation: firstly removing mixed grass on the forest land, scattering 50kg of quicklime per mu, digging a horizontal ladder belt, preparing soil in a ladder field shape and large holes, wherein the hole specification is 1.0 meter multiplied by 0.8 meter, the density is preferably 6 meters multiplied by 7 meters or 6 meters multiplied by 6 meters, 16-20 plants are planted per mu, about 50kg of compost farmyard manure or 0.5kg of compound fertilizer is applied per hole as base fertilizer, 1kg of calcium superphosphate is added, and fertile surface soil with the thickness of 15-20cm is coated on the base fertilizer;

4) selecting seedling varieties: selecting 5 or more varieties, mutually pollinating trees, taking a large number of varieties as main cultivated varieties and a small number of varieties as pollinated varieties, matching the main cultivated varieties in 3-5 rows with the pollinated varieties in 1-2 rows, wherein the distance between the main cultivated varieties and the pollinated varieties is not more than 100 meters;

5) planting seedlings: planting before and after 30 days of spring festival every year, selecting 2-3 year old grafted big seedlings as the grafted buds, removing the plastic film at the grafted part, trimming the damaged roots, trimming the overlong branches and cutting off the main roots;

6) planting the understory commercial crops: covering the planted hickory nuts with couch grass or crop straws, and interplanting the hickory nuts with understory commercial crops, wherein the understory commercial crops are one or more of poria cocos, lily and rape;

7) and (3) tending and managing the young forest: loosening soil and weeding are not less than 2 times per year, and topdressing is performed 2 times per year in combination with tending;

8) pruning and shaping: when the nursery stock grows to 1 m high, the branches are trimmed, the tree shape is arranged, and the tree crowns are trimmed to be in a multi-level natural open-center shape year by year.

2. The efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvesting of the carya illinoensis trees as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: 9) pollination: artificial pollination or bee pollination is used in the seedling florescence to improve the fruiting rate.

3. The efficient cultivation method for increasing the yield and the harvest of the pecan trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 1), the afforestation land is selected from a yellow soil or yellow red soil land which is convenient to transport, has sufficient water source, has a mountain land with an altitude of 500 m or less and a gentle slope, has a soil layer thickness of more than 80cm and a pH value of 5.5-7.0 and has good water permeability.

4. The efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvest of the apocarya as claimed in claim 3, wherein the yellow or yellow-red soil is relatively moist sandy loam.

5. The efficient cultivation method for increasing the yield and the harvest of the carya illinoensis trees as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step 2), a standard forest channel, a water pool and a drainage ditch are built in the afforestation ground, a step structure is built in the afforestation ground, an annular drainage ditch is built on a step plane, at least one drainage port is arranged in the annular drainage ditch and is connected to a water storage tank arranged on a lower step plane through a drainage pipe, the annular drainage ditch, the water storage tank and the drainage port are all bricked to the edge and are painted with cement to the periphery and the bottom, the water storage tank is subjected to anti-seepage treatment, the drainage port is divided into a first-stage water purifying port and a second-stage water purifying port, the first-stage water purifying port is communicated with the annular drainage ditch through a first water inlet, water in the annular drainage ditch is introduced into the first-stage water purifying port, and ceramsite is filled in the first-stage water purifying port to filter rainwater, through the second water inlet intercommunication between second grade water purification mouth and the one-level water purification mouth, get into the clean mouth of a river of second grade through the filterable rainwater of haydite, fill the cobble in the clean mouth of second grade and filter the rainwater, through the drain pipe intercommunication between second grade purification mouth and the cistern, irrigation water pipe is connected to the cistern, directly adopts the artesian drip irrigation to the step walnut nursery stock that the position is low, and the high adoption of position is irrigated by sprinkling irrigation, when needing to fertilize, can realize the same system of fertilization and irrigation sharing in adding the cistern with fertilizer, and water and electricity facility, ring mountain road are built perfectly.

6. The efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvesting of the carya illinoensis trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 4), the main cultivars are Bonni, Marhan and Beck, and the pollinated cultivars are Jinhua and Kaduo.

7. An efficient cultivation method for increasing the yield and the harvest of the thin-shelled walnut trees according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 5), the leaves of the thin-shelled walnut trees are cut off in 1/3-1/2 when the thin-shelled walnut trees are planted in a dry weather.

8. A high-efficiency cultivation method for increasing the yield and the harvest of the thin-shell pecan trees according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step 7) further comprises replanting the seedlings in spring.

9. The efficient cultivation method for increasing the yield and the harvest of the carya illinoensis trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the step 8) specifically comprises:

8.1) sapling shaping: the method comprises the following steps of starting trimming young trees in the late ten days when no fruit exists, carrying out stem fixing after the pecans are planted, wherein the stem height is 1-1.5 m, cutting off and coating protective agent vaseline to prevent decay, cultivating 3 strongly and uniformly growing 30-degree obliquely extending main branches above a main trunk after stem fixing, keeping proper distances among the three main branches, inserting the three main branches into the main trunk up and down for selection and avoiding overlapping, cultivating 3-4 lateral branches on each main branch to serve as auxiliary main branches, cultivating 2 or so secondary lateral branches on each lateral branch, uniformly distributing resultant branch groups around the main branches and the lateral branches, keeping branch tips at the upper parts of crowns as much as possible, gradually thinning and shearing the lower parts of crowns, thinning and shearing the branches year by year or changing the branches into branch groups, controlling the growth of competitive branches, and adopting pinching in summer or short-cutting and cultivating branch groups at the junction of spring and autumn;

8.2) pruning fruit trees: pruning an adult tree about 10 months after fruit picking, culturing strong branch groups from the initial stage of fruit picking, continuously increasing fruit positions, preventing and treating the empty and weak inner chamber and outward movement of the fruit positions, selecting strong dorsal oblique branches or dorsal upper branches from the inner chamber for growth, retracting when the branches are branched and weakened, promoting thickening and transverse branching, enlarging the fruit positions, cutting off the nearby weak branches and back branches, arranging the large, medium and small branch groups in a staggered way, uniformly distributing the large, medium and small branch groups on each level of bone main branches, keeping proper distance among the branch groups without mutual interference, gradually weakening the branch groups after years of fruit picking and branch lengthening, thinning the dense or weak branches, and continuously culturing new excellent fruit bearing mother branches.