CN106305253A

CN106305253A - Pecan cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN106305253A
Application number: CN201510359385.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐秀克
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-06-26
Filing date: 2015-06-26
Publication date: 2017-01-11

Abstract

The invention discloses a pecan cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) forest land selection technology comprising climate condition requirement, soil condition requirement and variety selection requirement; (2) land preparation technology comprising soil preparation time, soil preparation mode and soil preparation technology; (3) nursery stock planting technology comprising nursery stock selection, planting density and variety matching; (4) tree garden management technology comprising fertilizing, irrigation, trimming and shaping, maintaining flowers and fruits, and girding and girdling; (5) pest control technology; and (6) fruit picking.

Description

A kind of apocarya cultural method

Technical field

The invention belongs to forest and fruit tree cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of apocarya cultivation side Method.

Background technology

Apocarya nut is big, and its kernel color delicacy incense is without astringent taste, nutritious, containing about oils and fats 72%, Protein 11%, carbohydrate 13%, containing to the various aminoacid that human body is useful higher than Fructus oleae europaeae, also rich in Vitamin B1, B2, kernel there are about heat 32kJ/kg, eats raw, stir-fries and eats, extracts oil all preferably, has warm intestinal the kidney invigorating, Relieving cough and moistening lung, blood-enriching face-nourishing, the effect such as nourishing the brain and improving intelligence, is world-renowned high-grade dry fruit.Core with other Fructus Persicae is compared, apocarya have significantly be prone to mechanical descaling take core, fruity is pure, be suitable to south cultivation Advantage.Apocarya is also important traditional oil tree.Its fat content is up to more than 70%, is better than oil Tea 44%, Semen Juglandis 60% and Lignum Xanthoceratis 57%；Unsaturated fatty acid content reaches 97%, is better than Oleum Camelliae 91%, walnut oil 89%, Oleum Arachidis hypogaeae semen 82%, Oleum Gossypii semen 70%, Oleum Glycines 86% and Semen Maydis oil 86%.Apocarya has well storage Tibetan property, is first-class oil for cooking and salad oil buffet oil.

Apocarya or excellent material are used and flower garden afforestation tree.Its grain of wood is fine and smooth, strong but pliable in texture, Being building, military project, interior decoration and the ideal material of making top-grade furniture, planting shell powder is senior polishing Material.It is tree-like tall and big, and tree vigo(u)r is tall and straight, is well received to view and admire, shade and avenue tree planting.Therefore, shell Semen Caryae Cathayensis is that a purposes is wide, benefit period length, high financial profit, social benefit and ecological benefits the most excellent Good economic tree.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of apocarya cultural method.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of apocarya cultural method, including forest land selection technique, forest land entire technique, transplanted seedling tree Technology, arboretum management technique, the techniques of pest control, picking fruit.

One, forest land selection technique

(1) climatic condition requirement

Weather is the external environmental condition maximum to apocarya growth effect, is also to ensure that Semen Juglandis high-quality is rich The basis produced, apocarya needs annual accumution 3300～5400 DEG C；Frost-free period length more than 220 days, is suitable for the summer Season daily mean temperature 23.9～29.4 DEG C, the grown that the day and night temperature of general kind required amount 500h is little, Apocarya ability-18～the low temperature of-29 DEG C, resistance to thermal extremes 46.5 DEG C, to moisture requirement, growing area year Rainfall is typically 800～1600mm, and relative air humidity is more than 55%, high to light as requested, for happiness light Seeds, tree body is sensitive to the reaction of light.

(2) edaphic condition requirement

Semen Juglandis is to have vertical deep-rootedness seeds, likes deep more than the 80cm of soil layer, the sand wave soil that the soil is porous, Waterpower, fertility, aeration are good, the subacidity between pH value 5.8～8.0 or subalkaline soil suitable planting, The tree life-span is long, and land use must have long-term plan.

(3) Fruit variety requirement

Apocarya China introduce a fine variety plant with a long history, from the whole nation introducing and planting from the point of view of, plantation Semen Juglandis have Four corners of the world requirement, ecological race group has east kind, western kind, northern kind, and shell is introduced a fine variety in south Semen Caryae Cathayensis should select east kind, and high temperature resistant water requirement is big, the large fruit kind of disease and insect resistance.

Two, forest land entire technique

(1) time of site preparation

Should complete before planting, typically be advisable in February in October to next year.

(2) land preparation mode

At less than 5 ° hills of the gradient, comprehensive tractor-ploughing can be carried out wholely；The gradient 6 °～the hill of 10 °, press High line, ditching is wholely；The gradient 11 °～the hill of 30 °, can by equal pitch contour ditching or build fish-scale pit wholely.

(3) entire technique

Primary miscellaneous filling, weeds are rooted out and carry out the big cave of soil deep tillage, ripening and fertilizing soil wholely, in condition In the case of permission, leaving by line space and dig deep 100cm, wide 80cm kind plants ditch, i.e. Alpine Area, first exists Ditch bottom applies bavin or weeds, then by per hectare 1500kg cake fertilizer, 750kg phosphate fertilizer, 750kg quick lime Standard, mixes backfill, then table soil and deep soil is backfilled trench successively to liftoff with a certain amount of table soil At the 20cm of face, then execute field planting in trench by dissipating after the standard of every 750kg/hm compound fertilizer, with mixing with soil Residue around, is finally loosened the soil and is inserted in trench, make field planting point above ground level 15～20cm by point.Dig whole ground one, cave As be 50cm × 50cm × 80cm, table soil and base manure backfill.

Three, transplanted seedling tree technology

(1) the transplanted seedling tree time.All can plant in rest period before germinateing to spring after fallen leaves winter, overcast and rainy It or little rainy day are advisable.

(2) plant selection of seedling.Select more than rugosity 1cm, well developed root system, strong without life in 1 year of pest and disease damage Strong grafting.

(3) planting density.Plant district, need to pinpoint by North and South direction, rational close planting favourable soil luminous energy, carry High yield per unit area, operational period, is long, and tree height is big, planting density, it is considered to following factor: one is plantation Soil is barren, and plant is short and small, and the corresponding place of seeding row spacing is little, fertile soil, and seeding row spacing needs to amplify；Two is extensive Cultivation, tree body is uncontrolled, and plant needs to strengthen.How much mu should be relevant with operational period if being planted, such as seeding row spacing 8m × 10m field planting, mu plants 8 strains, seeding row spacing 8m × 5m, and mu plants 16 strains, seeding row spacing 4m × 5m, and mu plants 33 Strain.

(4) planting technique.In order to improve the survival rate of transplanted seedling tree, when planting with yellow mud dip in root, deep plant, Plant just, Shu Gen, earthing, having peace of mind cover again and loosen the soil, water foot water 2～4 times.

(5) variety matching.Because the flower of apocarya tree is that hermaphroditism is different ripe, same tree body and different product Kind female flower and male flower ripe in homogeneity, therefore configure female, male phase with sexually matured pollinated variety, male flower Propagation distance is 50～200m, determines that main breed and pollinated variety ratio are 9: 1.

Four, arboretum management technique

(1) fertilising

Walnut fertilising is the same with other plant, in addition to utilizing air and water and providing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, also needs Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, sulfur, zinc, ferrum, manganese, copper, molybdenum etc., these elements are not enough or disappearance, Its growth promoter will be produced harmful effect, tree asthenia is weak, Severe Reduction, and even tree body is dead, accomplishes section Learn fertilising, it is necessary to grasping orchard soil type, the soil texture and pH value soil type, mineral element contains Amount and state are different.Soil is executed can be according to tree body size, and every strain is executed at tree crown periphery trench digging

(2) irrigate

Water is ingredient and the basis of life, and various physiological activities all be unable to do without water, vary in size by tree crown, Different to water demand amount, according to rainfall and soil water-retaining, moisture holding capacity, measure the aqueous of soil in good time Amount determines season for irrigaton.Soil moisture content is when 60%～80%, and the most suitable growth is grown, it should be noted that shell Semen Caryae Cathayensis 5,6, JIUYUE, it is impossible to irrigate by surveying soil moisture content, and control water should be fitted, prevent branch and leaf excessive growth, Fruit drop and promotion bud differentiation.

(3) trimming and finishing

Tree height reaches 20～more than 30m, and tree crown is up to more than 15m, and bearing age is slow, yields poorly, unfavorable tree Body manages, and cultivate low dry for the purpose of fruit industry, and short hat pruning, many employing trunks dredge layer method.

Treelet pruning.After cultivation the 1st year, below trunk 35cm removed the tender tip in time, and trunk grows to 1m Shi Rengong pinching；Before branch rudiment in 2nd year, overhead heavy pruning at 55cm, retain 3～4 branches, oblique pull 60 ° of location；3rd year, to last year 3～4 major branches, cutting back at early spring is liftoff 1.2m, on April to May Ten days, to each Tipping；4th year, first floor fruitful branch major part was yielded positive results, and mid-May, at pinching Reason, promotes branch；5th year, two layers of enriching shoot mainly do not yielded positive results, mid or late May pinching；6th Year, to the growth of part enriching shoot more than 30cm, summer pinching, the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, by sick branch, withered branch, weight Fold branch, wipe out from base portion.

Annual bearer is become to prune.Treelet pruning, tree body is tree-like basicly stable, enters result and contains the phase, protects Stay bearing basal shoot, to the branch of excessive growth, take out and send out a young sprout, summer pinching, remove annual winter the internal deadwood of tree, Close raw branch, thin and delicate branch, null result twig.

(4) flower and fruit protecting

Annual early July～early September, along tree crown drip, open annular ditch, deep 15cm, use 15% multiple-effect Azoles 5g or PBO auxin, water transfer 25kg, water Yu Gouzhong, cover groove face, rise mid-July, every 15d, In conjunction with the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, mu executes paclobutrazol or PBO 160g infiltration sprays tree crown, and ditch spread ratio sprays auxin and holds Property is more preferable for a long time.

(5) girdling band girdle

Girdling: select there is alabastrum, branch is through thick 2～6cm, and with four blade type knives and forks, vertically firmly fork is to branch, flat Steady Rotating with Uniform 180 DEG C, stops carbohydrate up to transport, and wound is little, does not wraps up.Band girdle: to result Branch level upwards comes back band girdle, chooses ring bark, wraps up at once with adhesive tape, notes anti-disease pest, sprays 1～2 Secondary foliage fertilizer.

Five, the techniques of pest control

Major Pests has aphid, chafer, Kattapillar, buprestid beetle, Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, Limacodidae etc..Disease have fungoid, Bacillary, viral, melasma, root rot etc..Prevention and controls: with Biological control, artificial Pu is caught, and traps Being main, medical treatment is advocated and is used nontoxic or low-toxin farm chemicals.

Six, picking fruit

(1) collection period and method.Collection period: by the end of October～early November, see that fruit rinds has the fruit of 1/3 Being turned yellow blackening by green grass or young crops in fact, crust splits, it is contemplated that concentrate fruit picking, ripe consistent for nut, adopts first 20 days, Spray 1 1000 times of ethephon to accelerate the ripening.Collecting method is for slinging with plastic wire corner, with bamboo stem from branch under tree Group level is swept away, and should not meet to swatting, otherwise annual production under the influence of meeting.

(2) fruit processes.Adopt lower band follicarpium, dry in the sun 2 days, separately take out nut with hands or open with wood rice huller rice huller Bud shell, sifts out nut, cleans thin ground or the dark air-curing of spreading harvested grain on a threshing floor of impurity, and never thick heap humidity is local, exempts from heating Rotten.

Claims

1. an apocarya cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:

(1) forest land selection technique；

(2) forest land entire technique；

(3) transplanted seedling tree technology；

(4) arboretum management technique；

(5) techniques of pest control；

(6) picking fruit.

Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), apocarya needs Annual accumution 3300～5400 DEG C；Frost-free period length more than 220 days, is suitable for daily mean temperature 23.9 in summer～29.4 DEG C, Deep more than the 80cm in upper strata, the sand wave soil that the soil is porous, waterpower, fertility, aeration are good, pH value 5.8～8.0 Between subacidity or subalkaline soil suitable planting.

Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by primary miscellaneous filling, miscellaneous in step (2) Sod lifter is except carrying out the big cave of soil deep tillage, ripening and fertilizing soil wholely, in the case of conditions permit, by row Spacing excavates deep 100cm, and wide 80cm kind plants ditch, i.e. Alpine Area.

Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) selects rugosity 1cm with Upper, well developed root system, 1 year raw stalwartness grafting without pest and disease damage.Variety matching requires main breed and pollination Kind ratio is 9: 1.

Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4) below trunk 35cm and Time remove the tender tip, trunk grows to artificial pinching during 1m；Overhead heavy pruning at 55cm, retains 3～4 branches, Oblique pull 60 ° location.