CN108040706A - A kind of implantation methods for improving oil tea fruit bearing rate - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods for improving oil tea fruit bearing rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods for improving oil tea fruit bearing rate, belong to planting technical field.Comprise the following steps：Site preparation, the prevention dug cave, fill out progress disease in cave, basal dressing, plantation oil tea seedling, young growth period management, the management of growing into forest of oil tea, oil tea planting process before oil tea transplanting；Raising oil tea planting technology provided by the invention, using the cuttage planting technology and administrative skill of science, rational oil tea seedling fertilising and top dressing management, considerably increase the survival rate and the speed of growth of cuttage seeding, it simultaneously 3 years can fruiting, enter within 5 to six years the best fruiting period, and fruit bearing rate is high, fruit oil yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant cover cultivation methods, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods for improving oil tea fruit bearing rate.
Background technology
Oil tea (CamelliaoleiferaAbel) is that seed oil content is high in Theaceae Camellia, and with higher production
The oil species of value, the important woody oleiferous plants economic tree of southern region of China also known as tea oil tree or tea seed tree, with oily olive
Olive, oil palm, coconut and referred to as four big woody oil tree species of the world.It is evergreen dungarunga, because its seed can extract oil (tea oil) for food
With, in addition it also have beautify the environment, conserve water and soil, water conservation, the ecological functions such as regulate the climate.The high 4-6m of oil tea plant tree,
Generally in 2-3m.Bark is filbert, smooth, single leaf alternate, keratin, and there are serration, long 3- in ellipse or ovate-elliptic, edge
10cm, wide 1.5-4.5cm.Flower basidixed or axillary, hermaphrodite flower, white, diameter 6-9cm, petal obovate, top normal two is split.Capsule
Fruit is spherical, oblate, olive shape, diameter 3-4cm, and fruit lobe is thick and lignifying, includes seed.Oil tea root system is more flourishing, impoverishment tolerant
Soil, Adaptable growth scope is wide, and marginal land can be made full use of to grow, and it is excellent that be economic benefit have both with both ecological benefits
Good seeds, and the unsaturated fatty acid content in exquisite tea oil is up to more than 90%, significantly larger than insatiable hunger in good olive oil
With the content of aliphatic acid.The main component of tea oil is oleic acid and linoleic acid, while also containing high prices insatiable hungers such as a small amount of leukotrienes
With aliphatic acid and VitAVitE.Tea oil also has preferable health care and medical function, wherein the beneficiating ingredient contained easily quilt
Absorption of human body is eaten for a long time and possesses more significant effect for reducing human serum cholesterol, while also has the prevention and treatment heart
The special efficacy of vascular diseases, can alleviate the leukotrienes in the possibility that people obtain artery sclerosis, especially oil tea has softening blood
The effect of pipe, reduction blood fat and nourishing are refreshed oneself.In view of tea oil is classified as a variety of beneficial functionals of human body by international food and agricultural organization
The advanced edible vegetable oil of health type that global emphasis is promoted.
The main oil tea plantation in China in recent years is big to save all successive cultivated area for expanding camellia oleifera lam.The present invention passes through
It studies for many years, although using different Tendings to the facilitation effect of the increment of planting camellia oleifera lam then there are significant difference,
But the oil tea planting survival rate of various regions but allows of no optimist always, and the crop cycle of oil tea is longer, management requirement is high, fruit bearing rate
The current oil tea plantation that low defect makes is unable to reach people's the set goal.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome drawbacks described above in the prior art, a kind of raising oil tea fruit bearing rate is provided
Implantation methods.
A kind of implantation methods for improving oil tea fruit bearing rate proposed by the present invention, comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Oil tea transplanting Qian Xuan gardens, choose the region of short undulating topography, sea level on the average 100m with
Under, for soil pH value 6-7, loamy texture is suitble to the red soil of Growth of Camellia oleifera, and field soil thickness is not less than 60cm, and field is not dirty
Dye is simultaneously away from pollution sources；
Step 2：Site preparation before oil tea transplanting, site preparation are completed in oil tea transplantation of seedlings the first two months, autumn site preparation, winter afforestation；
Winter site preparation, next spring afforestation are more than 15 degree of hillside for the gradient, dug down in shaping and fill out, cut height fill out it is low, it is curved greatly to take advantage of a situation,
Small curved cut-off opens up horizontal ladder band surrounded by mountains along contour site preparation, to prevent erosion, comprises the concrete steps that：First setting-out, it is desirable that：
The wide 1.5m of ladder band, excavates ring water storage ditch in ladder band, furrow width 25cm, deep 30cm, saves length 3-5m, the high 20cm in the outer ridge, width
25cm, tread adds among 5-8m builds the high 15-25cm in a ridge；It is less than 15 degree of hillside for the gradient, did not opened up wasteland, and adopted
It is cultivated with the mode ploughed deeply, is breathed freely beneficial to loosing soil entirely；The ground opened up wasteland using digging strip ditch or digs kind of two kinds of a plant hole
Mode carries out site preparation, the ground do not opened up wasteland, and site preparation is carried out by the way of kind of planting ditch is dug；
Step 3：It digs cave, fill out cave：Generally by spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 3m carries out setting-out and determines cave, the long 60cm* wide 60cm* of kind plant hole
Deep 60cm when digging cave, is unearthed and is stacked by topsoil, middle soil layer, subsoil layering, by topsoil, middle soil layer, subsoil during backfill
Backfill successively, banket and should be higher than that ground 15cm or so, before afforestation 2 months it is whole fill in cave well, by several saturating rains so that cave
It bankets heavy real；
Step 4：Basal dressing：After kind of a plant hole excavates, base manure is discharged with reference to banketing, 10cm thickness straw are laid at cave bottom
Or agricultural crop straw, backfill 20cm thickness topsoils are covered, then divide two layers of organic fertilizer or farm manure 5kg -10kg, simultaneously
Often spread manuer in holes composite fertilizer 0.9kg or phosphorus potash fertilizer 1.5kg, and in kind of plant hole backfill 1/3, base manure is gone again after mixing with banketing
Backfill；
Step 5：The plantation of oil tea seedling：(1) implantation time：Oil tea seed is planted preferably to carry out before March in November to the coming year, really
Guarantor is transplanted before oil tea seedling rudiment, and how arid the winter with reference to region is, the more Seasonal Characteristics of spring rainwater, is carried out in March in the beginning of spring
Transplanting improves oil tea shoot survival percent；(2) planting density：Suitable line-spacing is 2.5-3.0m, and spacing in the rows 2.0-2.5m is planted per acre
Density in planting is at 100-120 plants；(3) selection of oil tea seedling：The oil tea seedlings of 2-triennial are introduced a fine variety in advance as a result, reducing management cost
With land used cost；(4) method for planting：Plant oil tea seedling should be selected in the cloudy day or the morning and evening of fine day carries out or according to weather forecast, carry
It is preceding to be carried out before rainy day, to ensure the survival rate of oil tea seedling plant；Before plant, line is put well in advance, sprinkle lime and identified seedling
The position of wood, it is ensured that row strain is uniform, convenient for management in the future；When transplanting oil tea, nursery stock wants righting, and root system will unfold, deep
Shallow moderate, root soil will touch；After having transplanted, field planting water is irrigated in time；
Step 6：Young growth period management：To into the stage for containing fruit early period after field planting, the management of this phase promotes tree crown to expand
Tree management is cultivated in exhibition, promotes tree nutrient accumulation, to lay the first stone into the best fruiting period；Management process is：(1) apply fertilizer：Young growth
Fertilising is based on nitrogenous fertilizer, cooperation phosphorus potash fertilizer, annual 1-2 times；Field planting do not apply fertilizer then, it is conditional can be extensive with sapling in 6-July
A little thin night soils are suitably poured after multiple or every plant is applied 25-30g urea or Special fertilizer for oil tea；Second year divides young sprout to sprout March
First half of the month applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer, every plant of 0.1-0.5kg, the first tenday period of a month in November using farmyard manure or muck as getting over winter top dressing, every plant
5-10kg, with the growth of tree body, dose cumulative year after year；(2) tending management：Oil tea is afraid of accumulated water and arid, rainy season draining, summer
It pours water in time during autumn arid；(3) tending management after afforesting, is generally fostered 2-3 times every year, fosters carried out in 5-June for the first time,
It is within oil tea surrounding 20cm to foster, and can only crush table soil, not stir rhizosphere soil, and the weeds hand close to oil tea seedling is dialled
It removes, prevents from loosening or operating root system, and the turf under shoveling is overlying on the earth's surface around butt, give the tree base training root and stem of certain plants；It fosters for the second time
8-September carries out generally after the beginning of autumn, at this moment most of weeds just knot, and timely weeding reduces weeds then and striven with oil tea seedling
Fertilizer strives sunlight, removes weed seed, reduces coming year competition, also acts as the effect of keeping crop seedling from drought, removed using chemical agent glyphosate
Careless agent, winter cultivate covering with reference to fertilising, and oil tea seedling uses sufficient warming more winter top dressing November, according to Shoot growth easily by freeze injury
Situation carries out foliage-spray in 10-November with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, overwintering with profit；(4) pruning：Oil tea
Seedling early stage based on shaping, after field planting at away from 30-50cm of graft union fixed pole, suitably retain trunk；First Year 20-
Select and remain that 3-4 growths are strong, the rational side shoot culture in orientation is major branch at 30cm；Second year retains 2-3 on each major branch
A strong branch is as secondary major branch；It 3-4th year, is cultivated on the basis of chief and vice major branch, by strong spring tip culture thereon
For side shoot group, and ratio is reasonable between making three, is uniformly distributed, and the trimming time, when trimming was slight in November to dodging 2 months years preferably
Trimming, stays branch more, wipes out the branch of excessive growth in time, and sick branch, overlapping branch and deadwood etc. remove bud for first 3 years, accelerate tree crown shaping；
(5) rationally between plant：During oil tea young growth, peanut is planted using forest land gap, the crops such as soya bean, mung bean, pea are comforted with ploughing generation,
The growth of weeds shrub can effectively be inhibited, the ability of soil water storage fertilizer conservation is improved, improve woodland miniclimate, improve woodland humidity,
So as to promote the growth of oil tea seedlings root and the growth and development of tree body, achieve the purpose that fast-growing, early reality, passed through by farming specialty
Battalion, some can also be obtained, recouped capital outlay as early as possible, between make the distance away from butt in more than 50cm；
Step 7：The management of growing into forest of oil tea：Strengthen forest land soil, fertilizer, water management, recover tree vigo(u)r, prevent pest and disease damage, keep high
Stable yields is produced, is concretely comprised the following steps：(1) soil is improved, soil is once ploughed deeply every 1 year and is improved the soil, generally in 3-April or autumn
November in winter carries out when combining fertilising, and 30-60cm is ploughed deeply on the outside of crown mapping, to avoid excessively hindering root year-by-year to horn ring
Swap-in row completed a cycle, it is noted that protecting thick root when ploughing deeply with 2-3 years；(2) apply fertilizer：In order to adapt to trunk infusion growth and
Mast-fruiting event needs, and it is 10 that N P and K rational proportion is wanted in fertilising：6：8, annual every plant is applied quick-acting fertilizer total amount as 1-2kg, organic fertilizer
15-20kg, it is annual per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.5kg；(3) chemical agent weeding：Using glyphosate herbicidal, amount of application 1.5-
2.0kg/ mus, 30-60kg is watered, in the vigorous season application of weed growth；(4) irrigate：Oil tea producing region is summer and autumn tea mostly, and
It is exactly that Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit expands and converts period with grease at this time, when oil tea reaching physiology water shortage the phenomenon that, at this moment increases irrigation quantity；
(5) trim：Oil tea spring of the trimming mostly after fruit picking carries out before sprouting, and for oil tea bearing tree to take out based on the hair spring tip, the summer and autumn tip is few,
Fruit tip contradiction does not protrude, and the spring tip is the main source of fruitful branch, retains the fruit tip, and the unsuitable branch of excessive growth in position, overlapping are intersected
Branch and sick branch are dredged, thorax fruitful branch in reservation, are carried out cutting back to aging branch or are all cut off from base portion, another again aside
The strong branch of outer selection carries out culture supplement, the balance of vigorous nutrient growth and reproductive growth is kept, for the tree of undue closing
Type wipes out the upright bough of a small amount of 2-4cm of branch footpath or so, holds skylight successfully, thorax bearing capacity in raising；(6) blooming period management：Oil
Camellia piece is larger, and pollen particles are big, can not effectively pollinate with the wind, and common insect and honeybee effectively can not also pollinate,
It in order to reach optimal pollination rate, is pollinated using culture scoliid, furthermore artificial pollination can be combined, to ensure bearing fruit for oil tea
Rate improves the yield of oil tea.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the oil tea of the step 7 grow into forest management in carry out disease prevention：(1) prevented before the winter
Anthracnose, using 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid of wettable powder, summer prevention anthracnose, using 50% Tuzet, wettable
500 times of liquid of 300 times of liquid of powder or 50% carbendazim；(2) soft rot is prevented, using 50% carbendazim, 300-500 times of liquid, 75% first
300-500 times of liquid of base thiophanate, 50% 1000-1500 times of Tuzet liquid and 1/100 Bordeaux mixture；(3) root rot is prevented, is adopted
Sick seedling is sterilized with 1% copper sulphate or fenaminosulf etc., blue wing longicorn, adult eclosion peak period, sprinkling 20% fruit emulsion 500 times of liquid,
90% 1000 times of metrifonate liquid, larval phase 500 times of liquid of sprayable 90% metrifonate；(4) curculionid is prevented, it is brilliant using 90% metrifonate
1000 times of liquid of body, 80% DDT EC 1：1 is watered 1000 times.
The implantation methods provided by the invention for improving oil tea fruit bearing rate are implemented by the science of links in planting process
And management, the survival rate and the speed of growth of oil tea are greatly strengthened, efficiently solves cuttage seeding in cold and high temperature drying weather
The defects of lower survival rate is low, and the speed of growth is slow, each period of oil tea seedling growth apply the base manure configured and not only considerably increase
The speed of growth of oil tea, and oil tea 3 years can fruiting, fruiting First Year fruit bearing rate is higher by 15%- than existing improved seeds
18%, oil production is also above existing oil tea oil production.
Specific embodiment
It is illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment：
Embodiment 1
Carry out crop field oil tea planting experiment, 20 mu of cultivated area, wherein plantation oil altogether in March, 2012 in Hubei Province Xiaochang County
2100 plants of tea cuttage seeding：
Step 1：Oil tea transplanting Qian Xuan gardens, choose the region of short undulating topography, sea level on the average 100m with
Under, soil pH value 6, loamy texture is suitble to the red soil of Growth of Camellia oleifera, and field soil thickness is not less than 60cm, and field is not contaminated same
When away from pollution sources；
Step 2：Site preparation before oil tea transplanting, site preparation are completed in oil tea transplantation of seedlings the first two months, autumn site preparation, winter afforestation；
Winter site preparation, next spring afforestation are more than 15 degree of hillside for the gradient, dug down in shaping and fill out, cut height fill out it is low, it is curved greatly to take advantage of a situation,
Small curved cut-off opens up horizontal ladder band surrounded by mountains along contour site preparation, to prevent erosion, comprises the concrete steps that：First setting-out, it is desirable that：
The wide 1.5m of ladder band, excavates ring water storage ditch in ladder band, furrow width 25cm, deep 30cm, saves length 3-5m, the high 20cm in the outer ridge, width
25cm, tread adds among 5-6m builds the high 15-25cm in a ridge；It is less than 15 degree of hillside for the gradient, did not opened up wasteland, and adopted
It is cultivated with the mode ploughed deeply, is breathed freely beneficial to loosing soil entirely；The ground opened up wasteland using digging strip ditch or digs kind of two kinds of a plant hole
Mode carries out site preparation, the ground do not opened up wasteland, and site preparation is carried out by the way of kind of planting ditch is dug；
Step 3：It digs cave, fill out cave：Generally by spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 3m carries out setting-out and determines cave, the long 60cm* wide 60cm* of kind plant hole
Deep 60cm when digging cave, is unearthed and is stacked by topsoil, middle soil layer, subsoil layering, by topsoil, middle soil layer, subsoil during backfill
Backfill successively, banket and should be higher than that ground 15cm or so, before afforestation 2 months it is whole fill in cave well, by several saturating rains so that cave
It bankets heavy real；
Step 4：Basal dressing：After kind of a plant hole excavates, base manure is discharged with reference to banketing, 10cm thickness straw are laid at cave bottom
Or agricultural crop straw, backfill 20cm thickness topsoils are covered, then divide two layers of organic fertilizer or farm manure 5kg -6kg, while every
Spread manuer in holes composite fertilizer 0.9kg or phosphorus potash fertilizer 1.5kg, and in kind of plant hole backfill 1/3, base manure and banketing is gone back again after mixing
It fills out；
Step 5：The plantation of oil tea seedling：(1) implantation time：Oil tea seed is planted preferably to carry out before March in November to the coming year, really
Guarantor is transplanted before oil tea seedling rudiment, and how arid the winter with reference to region is, the more Seasonal Characteristics of spring rainwater, is carried out in March in the beginning of spring
Transplanting improves oil tea shoot survival percent；(2) planting density：Suitable line-spacing is 2.5-3.0m, and spacing in the rows 2.0-2.5m is planted per acre
Density in planting is at 100-120 plants；(3) selection of oil tea seedling：The oil tea seedlings of 2-triennial are introduced a fine variety in advance as a result, reducing management cost
With land used cost；(4) method for planting：Plant oil tea seedling should be selected in the cloudy day or the morning and evening of fine day carries out or according to weather forecast, carry
It is preceding to be carried out before rainy day, to ensure the survival rate of oil tea seedling plant；Before plant, line is put well in advance, sprinkle lime and identified seedling
The position of wood, it is ensured that row strain is uniform, convenient for management in the future；When transplanting oil tea, nursery stock wants righting, and root system will unfold, deep
Shallow moderate, root soil will touch；After having transplanted, field planting water is irrigated in time；
Step 6：Young growth period management：To into the stage for containing fruit early period after field planting, the management of this phase promotes tree crown to expand
Tree management is cultivated in exhibition, promotes tree nutrient accumulation, to lay the first stone into the best fruiting period；Management process is：(1) apply fertilizer：Young growth
Fertilising is based on nitrogenous fertilizer, cooperation phosphorus potash fertilizer, annual 1-2 times；Field planting do not apply fertilizer then, it is conditional can be extensive with sapling in 6-July
A little thin night soils are suitably poured after multiple or every plant is applied 25-28g urea or Special fertilizer for oil tea；Second year divides young sprout to sprout March
First half of the month applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer, every plant of 0.1-0.5kg, the first tenday period of a month in November using farmyard manure or muck as getting over winter top dressing, every plant
8-10kg, with the growth of tree body, dose cumulative year after year；(2) tending management：Oil tea is afraid of accumulated water and arid, rainy season draining, summer
It pours water in time during autumn arid；(3) tending management after afforesting, is generally fostered 2-3 times every year, fosters carried out in 5-June for the first time,
It is within oil tea surrounding 20cm to foster, and can only crush table soil, not stir rhizosphere soil, and the weeds hand close to oil tea seedling is dialled
It removes, prevents from loosening or operating root system, and the turf under shoveling is overlying on the earth's surface around butt, give the tree base training root and stem of certain plants；It fosters for the second time
8-September carries out generally after the beginning of autumn, at this moment most of weeds just knot, and timely weeding reduces weeds then and striven with oil tea seedling
Fertilizer strives sunlight, removes weed seed, reduces coming year competition, also acts as the effect of keeping crop seedling from drought, removed using chemical agent glyphosate
Careless agent, winter cultivate covering with reference to fertilising, and oil tea seedling uses sufficient warming more winter top dressing November, according to Shoot growth easily by freeze injury
Situation carries out foliage-spray in 10-November with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, overwintering with profit；(4) pruning：Oil tea
Seedling early stage based on shaping, after field planting at away from 30-50cm of graft union fixed pole, suitably retain trunk；First Year 20-
Select and remain that 3-4 growths are strong, the rational side shoot culture in orientation is major branch at 30cm；Second year retains 2-3 on each major branch
A strong branch is as secondary major branch；It 3-4th year, is cultivated on the basis of chief and vice major branch, by strong spring tip culture thereon
For side shoot group, and ratio is reasonable between making three, is uniformly distributed, and the trimming time, when trimming was slight in November to dodging 2 months years preferably
Trimming, stays branch more, wipes out the branch of excessive growth in time, and sick branch, overlapping branch and deadwood etc. remove bud for first 3 years, accelerate tree crown shaping；
(5) rationally between plant：During oil tea young growth, peanut is planted using forest land gap, the crops such as soya bean, mung bean, pea are comforted with ploughing generation,
The growth of weeds shrub can effectively be inhibited, the ability of soil water storage fertilizer conservation is improved, improve woodland miniclimate, improve woodland humidity,
So as to promote the growth of oil tea seedlings root and the growth and development of tree body, achieve the purpose that fast-growing, early reality, passed through by farming specialty
Battalion, some can also be obtained, recouped capital outlay as early as possible, between make the distance away from butt in more than 50cm；
Step 7：The management of growing into forest of oil tea：Strengthen forest land soil, fertilizer, water management, recover tree vigo(u)r, prevent pest and disease damage, keep high
Stable yields is produced, is concretely comprised the following steps：(1) soil is improved, soil is once ploughed deeply every 1 year and is improved the soil, generally in 3-April or autumn
November in winter carries out when combining fertilising, and 30-60cm is ploughed deeply on the outside of crown mapping, to avoid excessively hindering root year-by-year to horn ring
Swap-in row completed a cycle, it is noted that protecting thick root when ploughing deeply with 2-3 years；(2) apply fertilizer：In order to adapt to trunk infusion growth and
Mast-fruiting event needs, and it is 10 that N P and K rational proportion is wanted in fertilising：6：8, annual every plant is applied quick-acting fertilizer total amount as 1-2kg, organic fertilizer
15-20kg, it is annual per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.5kg；(3) chemical agent weeding：Using glyphosate herbicidal, amount of application 1.5-
2.0kg/ mus, 30-60kg is watered, in the vigorous season application of weed growth；(4) irrigate：Oil tea producing region is summer and autumn tea mostly, and
It is exactly that Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit expands and converts period with grease at this time, when oil tea reaching physiology water shortage the phenomenon that, at this moment increases irrigation quantity；
(5) trim：Oil tea spring of the trimming mostly after fruit picking carries out before sprouting, and for oil tea bearing tree to take out based on the hair spring tip, the summer and autumn tip is few,
Fruit tip contradiction does not protrude, and the spring tip is the main source of fruitful branch, retains the fruit tip, and the unsuitable branch of excessive growth in position, overlapping are intersected
Branch and sick branch are dredged, thorax fruitful branch in reservation, are carried out cutting back to aging branch or are all cut off from base portion, another again aside
The strong branch of outer selection carries out culture supplement, the balance of vigorous nutrient growth and reproductive growth is kept, for the tree of undue closing
Type wipes out the upright bough of a small amount of 2-4cm of branch footpath or so, holds skylight successfully, thorax bearing capacity in raising；(6) blooming period management：Oil
Camellia piece is larger, and pollen particles are big, can not effectively pollinate with the wind, and common insect and honeybee effectively can not also pollinate,
It in order to reach optimal pollination rate, is pollinated using culture scoliid, furthermore artificial pollination can be combined, to ensure bearing fruit for oil tea
Rate improves the yield of oil tea.
Step 7 oil tea grow into forest management in carry out disease prevention：(1) anthracnose was prevented before the winter, using bacterium more than 50%
Spirit, 500 times of liquid of wettable powder, summer prevention anthracnose, using 50% Tuzet, 300 times of liquid of wettable powder or bacterium more than 50%
Clever 500 times of liquid；(2) soft rot is prevented, using 50% carbendazim, 300 times of liquid, 75% 300 times of thiophanate methyl liquid, 50% moves back bacterium
Special 1000 times of liquid and 1/100 Bordeaux mixture；(3) root rot is prevented, sick seedling, blue wing are sterilized using 1% copper sulphate or fenaminosulf etc.
Longicorn, adult eclosion peak period, 20% fruit emulsion of sprinkling, 500 times of liquid, 90% metrifonate, 1000 times of liquid, larval phase sprayable 90%
500 times of liquid of metrifonate；(4) curculionid is prevented, using 90% metrifonate crystal, 1000 times of liquid, 80% DDT EC 1：1 is watered
1000 times.
Embodiment 2
In September, 2012 carries out crop field oil tea plantation, 38 mu of cultivated area in Hubei Province Xiaochang County, wherein planting oil tea skewer altogether
4000 plants of seedlings plugging：
Step 1：Oil tea transplanting Qian Xuan gardens, choose the region of short undulating topography, sea level on the average 100m with
Under, for soil pH value 6.5, loamy texture is suitble to the red soil of Growth of Camellia oleifera, and field soil thickness is not less than 60cm, and field is not contaminated
Simultaneously away from pollution sources；
Step 2：Site preparation before oil tea transplanting, site preparation are completed in oil tea transplantation of seedlings the first two months, autumn site preparation, winter afforestation；
Winter site preparation, next spring afforestation are more than 15 degree of hillside for the gradient, dug down in shaping and fill out, cut height fill out it is low, it is curved greatly to take advantage of a situation,
Small curved cut-off opens up horizontal ladder band surrounded by mountains along contour site preparation, to prevent erosion, comprises the concrete steps that：First setting-out, it is desirable that：
The wide 1.5m of ladder band, excavates ring water storage ditch in ladder band, furrow width 25cm, deep 30cm, saves length 3-5m, the high 20cm in the outer ridge, width
25cm, tread adds among 6-8m builds the high 15-25cm in a ridge；It is less than 15 degree of hillside for the gradient, did not opened up wasteland, and adopted
It is cultivated with the mode ploughed deeply, is breathed freely beneficial to loosing soil entirely；The ground opened up wasteland using digging strip ditch or digs kind of two kinds of a plant hole
Mode carries out site preparation, the ground do not opened up wasteland, and site preparation is carried out by the way of kind of planting ditch is dug；
Step 3：It digs cave, fill out cave：Generally by spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 3m carries out setting-out and determines cave, the long 60cm* wide 60cm* of kind plant hole
Deep 60cm when digging cave, is unearthed and is stacked by topsoil, middle soil layer, subsoil layering, by topsoil, middle soil layer, subsoil during backfill
Backfill successively, banket and should be higher than that ground 15cm or so, before afforestation 2 months it is whole fill in cave well, by several saturating rains so that cave
It bankets heavy real；
Step 4：Basal dressing：After kind of a plant hole excavates, base manure is discharged with reference to banketing, 10cm thickness straw are laid at cave bottom
Or agricultural crop straw, backfill 20cm thickness topsoils are covered, then divide two layers of organic fertilizer or farm manure 5kg -8kg, while every
Spread manuer in holes composite fertilizer 0.9kg or phosphorus potash fertilizer 1.5kg, and in kind of plant hole backfill 1/3, base manure and banketing is gone back again after mixing
It fills out；
Step 5：The plantation of oil tea seedling：(1) implantation time：Oil tea seed is planted preferably to carry out before March in November to the coming year, really
Guarantor is transplanted before oil tea seedling rudiment, and how arid the winter with reference to region is, the more Seasonal Characteristics of spring rainwater, is carried out in March in the beginning of spring
Transplanting improves oil tea shoot survival percent；(2) planting density：Suitable line-spacing is 2.5-3.0m, and spacing in the rows 2.0-2.5m is planted per acre
Density in planting is at 100-120 plants；(3) selection of oil tea seedling：Introduce a fine variety triennial oil tea seedlings in advance as a result, reduce management cost and
Land used cost；(4) method for planting：Plant oil tea seedling should be selected in the cloudy day or the morning and evening of fine day carries out or according to weather forecast, shifts to an earlier date
It is carried out before rainy day, to ensure the survival rate of oil tea seedling plant；Before plant, line is put well in advance, sprinkle lime and identified nursery stock
Position, it is ensured that row strain is uniform, convenient for management in the future；When transplanting oil tea, nursery stock wants righting, and root system will unfold, the depth
Moderate, root soil will touch；After having transplanted, field planting water is irrigated in time；
Step 6：Young growth period management：To into the stage for containing fruit early period after field planting, the management of this phase promotes tree crown to expand
Tree management is cultivated in exhibition, promotes tree nutrient accumulation, to lay the first stone into the best fruiting period；Management process is：(1) apply fertilizer：Young growth
Fertilising is based on nitrogenous fertilizer, cooperation phosphorus potash fertilizer, annual 1-2 times；Field planting do not apply fertilizer then, it is conditional can be extensive with sapling in 6-July
A little thin night soils are suitably poured after multiple or every plant is applied 25-30g urea or Special fertilizer for oil tea；Second year divides young sprout to sprout March
First half of the month applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer, every plant of 0.1-0.5kg, the first tenday period of a month in November using farmyard manure or muck as getting over winter top dressing, every plant
6-7kg, with the growth of tree body, dose cumulative year after year；(2) tending management：Oil tea is afraid of accumulated water and arid, rainy season draining, summer and autumn
It pours water in time when arid；(3) tending management after afforesting, is generally fostered 2-3 times every year, fosters carried out in 5-June for the first time, comfort
It is within oil tea surrounding 20cm to educate, and can only crush table soil, not stir rhizosphere soil, be dialled and removed with hand close to the weeds of oil tea seedling,
It prevents from loosening or operating root system, and the turf under shoveling is overlying on the earth's surface around butt, give the tree base training root and stem of certain plants；It fosters for the second time general
8-September carries out after the beginning of autumn, at this moment most of weeds just knot, and timely weeding reduces weeds then and strives fertilizer with oil tea seedling, strives
Sunlight removes weed seed, reduces coming year competition, also acts as the effect of keeping crop seedling from drought, using chemical agent glyphosate herbicidal,
Winter cultivate covering with reference to fertilising, and oil tea seedling uses sufficient warming more winter top dressing November, existed according to Shoot growth situation easily by freeze injury
10-November carries out foliage-spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, overwintering with profit；(4) pruning：Oil tea seedling is early
Phase based on shaping, after field planting at away from 30-50cm of graft union fixed pole, suitably retain trunk；First Year selects at 20-30cm
Stay that 3-4 growths are strong, the rational side shoot culture in orientation is major branch；Second year retains 2-3 strong point on each major branch
Branch is as secondary major branch；It 3-4th year, is cultivated on the basis of chief and vice major branch, is side shoot by strong spring tip culture thereon
Group, and ratio is reasonable between making three, is uniformly distributed, the trimming time in November to dodging 2 months years preferably, light pruning during trimming,
It stays branch more, wipes out the branch of excessive growth in time, sick branch, overlapping branch and deadwood etc. remove bud for first 3 years, accelerate tree crown shaping；(5) close
It is planted between reason：During oil tea young growth, peanut is planted using forest land gap, the crops such as soya bean, mung bean, pea comfort to plough generation, can be effective
Inhibition weeds shrub growth, improve soil water storage fertilizer conservation ability, improve woodland miniclimate, improve woodland humidity, so as to promote
Into the growth of oil tea seedlings root and the growth and development of tree body, achieve the purpose that fast-growing, early reality, by forestry management, may be used also
To obtain some, recoup capital outlay as early as possible, between make the distance away from butt in more than 50cm；
Step 7：The management of growing into forest of oil tea：Strengthen forest land soil, fertilizer, water management, recover tree vigo(u)r, prevent pest and disease damage, keep high
Stable yields is produced, is concretely comprised the following steps：(1) soil is improved, soil is once ploughed deeply every 1 year and is improved the soil, generally in 3-April or autumn
November in winter carries out when combining fertilising, and 30-60cm is ploughed deeply on the outside of crown mapping, to avoid excessively hindering root year-by-year to horn ring
Swap-in row completed a cycle, it is noted that protecting thick root when ploughing deeply with 2-3 years；(2) apply fertilizer：In order to adapt to trunk infusion growth and
Mast-fruiting event needs, and it is 10 that N P and K rational proportion is wanted in fertilising：6：8, annual every plant is applied quick-acting fertilizer total amount as 1-2kg, organic fertilizer
15-20kg, it is annual per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.5kg；(3) chemical agent weeding：Using glyphosate herbicidal, amount of application 1.5-
2.0kg/ mus, 30-60kg is watered, in the vigorous season application of weed growth；(4) irrigate：Oil tea producing region is summer and autumn tea mostly, and
It is exactly that Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit expands and converts period with grease at this time, when oil tea reaching physiology water shortage the phenomenon that, at this moment increases irrigation quantity；
(5) trim：Oil tea spring of the trimming mostly after fruit picking carries out before sprouting, and for oil tea bearing tree to take out based on the hair spring tip, the summer and autumn tip is few,
Fruit tip contradiction does not protrude, and the spring tip is the main source of fruitful branch, retains the fruit tip, and the unsuitable branch of excessive growth in position, overlapping are intersected
Branch and sick branch are dredged, thorax fruitful branch in reservation, are carried out cutting back to aging branch or are all cut off from base portion, another again aside
The strong branch of outer selection carries out culture supplement, the balance of vigorous nutrient growth and reproductive growth is kept, for the tree of undue closing
Type wipes out the upright bough of a small amount of 2-4cm of branch footpath or so, holds skylight successfully, thorax bearing capacity in raising；(6) blooming period management：Oil
Camellia piece is larger, and pollen particles are big, can not effectively pollinate with the wind, and common insect and honeybee effectively can not also pollinate,
It in order to reach optimal pollination rate, is pollinated using culture scoliid, furthermore artificial pollination can be combined, to ensure bearing fruit for oil tea
Rate improves the yield of oil tea.
Step 7 oil tea grow into forest management in carry out disease prevention：(1) anthracnose was prevented before the winter, using bacterium more than 50%
Spirit, 500 times of liquid of wettable powder, summer prevention anthracnose, using 50% Tuzet, 300 times of liquid of wettable powder or bacterium more than 50%
Clever 500 times of liquid；(2) soft rot is prevented, using 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid, 75% 500 times of thiophanate methyl liquid, 50% moves back bacterium
Special 1500 times of liquid and 1/100 Bordeaux mixture；(3) root rot is prevented, sick seedling, blue wing are sterilized using 1% copper sulphate or fenaminosulf etc.
Longicorn, adult eclosion peak period, 20% fruit emulsion of sprinkling, 500 times of liquid, 90% metrifonate, 1000 times of liquid, larval phase sprayable 90%
500 times of liquid of metrifonate；(4) curculionid is prevented, using 90% metrifonate crystal, 1000 times of liquid, 80% DDT EC 1：1 is watered
1000 times.
From in March, 2012 in September, 2016 in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 oil tea seedling growth and fruiting situation into
Row statistics, statistical result are as shown in table 1 below：
Table 1
| Group | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 |
| Plant quantity (strain) of planting seedlings | 2100 | 4000 |
| Kind, which is planted seedlings, survives number (strain) | 2049 | 3924 |
| Cuttage shoot survival percent | 97.5% | 98.1% |
| Annual young sprout average height | 15cm | 15.7cm |
| Fruit-growing time | 3 years | 3.5 year |
| Average every plant of fruiting | 6 | It is 7.5 a |
| Per mu yield fresh fruit | 49 kilograms | 55 kilograms |
| Per mu yield tea oil | 3.9 kilogram | 4.2 kilogram |
From table 1 it follows that it is had the following advantages using the implantation methods of the raising oil tea fruit bearing rate in the present invention：Kind
Survival rate of planting seedlings is high, and oil tea seedling speed of growth block, and up to 15cm, cultivating 3-3.5 years can hang seedling average height in 1 year
Fruit, every plant of the first annual of fruiting fruiting number 6 or more, 49-55 kilograms of per mu yield fresh fruit, 3.9-4.2 kilograms of oil production, than routine
The oil tea fruit-growing time of cultivation shifts to an earlier date 1-2, and fruit bearing rate adds 10%-15%, and oil production is also than conventional oil tea more than one times.
The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of implantation methods for improving oil tea fruit bearing rate, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：The region of short undulating topography is chosen in oil tea transplanting Qian Xuan gardens, and sea level on the average is in below 100m, soil
For earth pH value 6-7, loamy texture is suitble to the red soil of Growth of Camellia oleifera, and field soil thickness is not less than 60cm, and field is not contaminated simultaneously
Away from pollution sources；
Step 2：Site preparation before oil tea transplanting, site preparation are completed in oil tea transplantation of seedlings the first two months, autumn site preparation, winter afforestation；Winter
Site preparation, next spring afforestation are more than 15 degree of hillside for the gradient, dug down in shaping and fill out, cut height fill out it is low, it is curved greatly to take advantage of a situation, it is small curved
Cut-off opens up horizontal ladder band surrounded by mountains along contour site preparation, to prevent erosion, comprises the concrete steps that：First setting-out, it is desirable that：Ladder band
Wide 1.5m, excavates ring water storage ditch in ladder band, furrow width 25cm, deep 30cm, saves length 3-5m, the high 20cm in the outer ridge, width 25cm,
Tread adds among 5-8m builds the high 15-25cm in a ridge；It is less than 15 degree of hillside for the gradient, did not opened up wasteland, using depth
The mode turned over is cultivated entirely, is breathed freely beneficial to loosing soil；The ground opened up wasteland using digging strip ditch or digs kind of a plant hole two ways
Site preparation is carried out, the ground do not opened up wasteland carries out site preparation by the way of kind of planting ditch is dug；
Step 3：It digs cave, fill out cave：Generally by spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 3m carries out setting-out and determines cave, and the long 60cm* wide 60cm* of kind plant hole are deep
60cm when digging cave, is unearthed and is stacked by topsoil, middle soil layer, subsoil layering, during backfill by topsoil, middle soil layer, subsoil according to
Secondary backfill bankets and should be higher than that ground 15cm or so, before afforestation 2 months it is whole fill in cave well, by several saturating rains so that cave is filled out
Soil is heavy real；
Step 4：Basal dressing：After kind of a plant hole excavates, base manure is discharged with reference to banketing, 10cm thickness straw or agriculture are laid at cave bottom
Crop material, backfill 20cm thickness topsoils are covered, then divide two layers of organic fertilizer or farm manure 5kg -10kg, while per cave
Composite fertilizer 0.9kg or phosphorus potash fertilizer 1.5kg is applied, in kind of plant hole backfill 1/3, base manure and banketing is gone back again after mixing
It fills out；
Step 5：Plant oil tea seedling：(1) implantation time：Oil tea seed plant preferably is carried out before March in November to the coming year, it is ensured that be
It is transplanted before oil tea seedling rudiment, how arid the winter with reference to region is, and the more Seasonal Characteristics of spring rainwater are transplanted in March in the beginning of spring, carried
High oil tea shoot survival percent；(2) planting density：Suitable line-spacing be 2.5-3.0m, spacing in the rows 2.0-2.5m, per acre planting density exist
100-120 plants；(3) selection of oil tea seedling：Introduce a fine variety the oil tea seedlings of 2-triennial in advance as a result, reduce management cost and land used into
This；(4) method for planting：Plant oil tea seedling should be selected in the cloudy day or the morning and evening of fine day carries out or according to weather forecast, raining in advance
It is carried out before it, to ensure the survival rate of oil tea seedling plant；Before plant, line is put well in advance, sprinkle the position that lime has identified nursery stock,
Ensure that capable strain is uniform, convenient for management in the future；When transplanting oil tea, nursery stock wants righting, and root system will unfold, and the depth is moderate,
Root soil will touch；After having transplanted, field planting water is irrigated in time；
Step 6：Young growth period management：To into the stage for containing fruit early period after field planting, the management of this phase promotes tree crown to extend, and trains
Tree management is supported, promotes tree nutrient accumulation, to lay the first stone into the best fruiting period；Management process is：(1) apply fertilizer：Fertilization to sapling
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer, cooperation phosphorus potash fertilizer, annual 1-2 times；Field planting do not apply fertilizer then, it is conditional can with 6-July sapling recover after
It suitably pours a little thin night soils or every plant is applied 25-30g urea or Special fertilizer for oil tea；Second year divides young sprout to sprout first half March
Apply within a month instant nitrogenousfertilizer, every plant of 0.1-0.5kg, the first tenday period of a month in November using farmyard manure or muck as getting over winter top dressing, every plant 5-
10kg, with the growth of tree body, dose cumulative year after year；(2) tending management：Oil tea is afraid of that accumulated water and arid, rainy season draining, summer and autumn are done
It pours water in time when non-irrigated；(3) tending management after afforesting, is generally fostered 2-3 times every year, fosters carried out in 5-June for the first time, foster
It is within oil tea surrounding 20cm, table soil can only be crushed, do not stir rhizosphere soil, is dialled and removed with hand close to the weeds of oil tea seedling, prevented
It only loosens or operates root system, and the turf under shoveling is overlying on the earth's surface around butt, give the tree base training root and stem of certain plants；It fosters and generally exists for the second time
8-September carries out after the beginning of autumn, at this moment most of weeds just knot, and timely weeding reduces weeds then and strives fertilizer with oil tea seedling, strives sun
Light removes weed seed, reduces coming year competition, the effect of keeping crop seedling from drought is also acted as, using chemical agent glyphosate herbicidal, winter
Season cultivate covering with reference to fertilising, and oil tea seedling uses sufficient warming more winter top dressing November, existed according to Shoot growth situation easily by freeze injury
10-November carries out foliage-spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, overwintering with profit；(4) pruning：Oil tea seedling is early
Phase based on shaping, after field planting at away from 30-50cm of graft union fixed pole, suitably retain trunk；First Year selects at 20-30cm
Stay that 3-4 growths are strong, the rational side shoot culture in orientation is major branch；Second year retains 2-3 strong point on each major branch
Branch is as secondary major branch；It 3-4th year, is cultivated on the basis of chief and vice major branch, is side shoot by strong spring tip culture thereon
Group, and ratio is reasonable between making three, is uniformly distributed, the trimming time in November to dodging 2 months years preferably, light pruning during trimming,
It stays branch more, wipes out the branch of excessive growth in time, sick branch, overlapping branch and deadwood etc. remove bud for first 3 years, accelerate tree crown shaping；(5) close
It is planted between reason：During oil tea young growth, peanut is planted using forest land gap, the crops such as soya bean, mung bean, pea comfort to plough generation, can be effective
Inhibition weeds shrub growth, improve soil water storage fertilizer conservation ability, improve woodland miniclimate, improve woodland humidity, so as to promote
Into the growth of oil tea seedlings root and the growth and development of tree body, achieve the purpose that fast-growing, early reality, by forestry management, may be used also
To obtain some, recoup capital outlay as early as possible, between make the distance away from butt in more than 50cm；
Step 7：The management of growing into forest of oil tea：Strengthen forest land soil, fertilizer, water management, recover tree vigo(u)r, prevent pest and disease damage, keep high yield steady
Production, concretely comprises the following steps：(1) soil is improved, soil is once ploughed deeply every 1 year and is improved the soil, generally in 3-April or autumn and winter 11
Month carries out when combining fertilising, and 30-60cm is ploughed deeply on the outside of crown mapping, and to avoid excessively, hindering root year-by-year diagonally takes turns swap-in
Row completed a cycle, it is noted that protecting thick root when ploughing deeply with 2-3 years；(2) apply fertilizer：In order to adapt to trunk infusion growth and a large amount of
Solid needs, it is 10 that N P and K rational proportion is wanted in fertilising：6：8, annual every plant is applied quick-acting fertilizer total amount as 1-2kg, and organic fertilizer 15-
20kg, it is annual per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.5kg；(3) chemical agent weeding：Using glyphosate herbicidal, amount of application 1.5-2.0kg/
Mu, is watered 30-60kg, in the vigorous season application of weed growth；(4) irrigate：Oil tea producing region is summer and autumn tea mostly, and at this time just
It is that Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit expands and converts period with grease, when oil tea reaching physiology water shortage the phenomenon that, at this moment increases irrigation quantity；(5) repair
It cuts：Oil tea spring of the trimming mostly after fruit picking carries out before sprouting, and oil tea bearing tree is to take out based on the hair spring tip, and the summer and autumn tip is few, the fruit tip
Contradiction does not protrude, and the spring tip is the main source of fruitful branch, retain the fruit tip, by the unsuitable branch of excessive growth in position, overlapping intersect branch and
Sick branch is dredged, thorax fruitful branch in reservation, is carried out cutting back to aging branch or is all cut off from base portion, is aside still further selected
It selects strong branch and carries out culture supplement, keep the balance of vigorous nutrient growth and reproductive growth, for the tree-shaped of undue closing, cut
Except the upright bough of a small amount of 2-4cm of footpath or so, skylight is held successfully, thorax bearing capacity in raising；(6) blooming period management：Oil tea flower
Larger, pollen particles are big, can not effectively pollinate with the wind, and common insect and honeybee effectively can not also pollinate, in order to reach
It to optimal pollination rate, is pollinated using culture scoliid, furthermore artificial pollination can be combined, to ensure the fruit-setting rate of oil tea, carried
The yield of high oil tea.
2. the implantation methods of oil tea fruit bearing rate are improved according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The oil tea of the step 7 into
The prevention of disease is carried out in woods management：(1) anthracnose was prevented before the winter, using 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid of wettable powder, summer
Season prevents anthracnose, using 50% Tuzet, 500 times of liquid of 300 times of liquid of wettable powder or 50% carbendazim；(2) soft rot is prevented,
Using 50% carbendazim, 300-500 times of liquid, 75% 300-500 times of thiophanate methyl liquid, 50% 1000-1500 times of Tuzet
Liquid and 1/100 Bordeaux mixture；(3) root rot is prevented, sick seedling, blue wing longicorn, adult are sterilized using 1% copper sulphate or fenaminosulf etc.
Emergence peak period, 20% fruit emulsion of sprinkling, 500 times of liquid, 90% metrifonate, 1000 times of liquid, larval phase sprayable 90% metrifonate 500
Times liquid；(4) curculionid is prevented, using 90% metrifonate crystal, 1000 times of liquid, 80% DDT EC 1：1 is watered 1000 times.
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| CN109168841A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-01-11 | 湖南天沃科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of ecology oil tea |
| CN110150015A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-23 | 凤冈金鼎旺油茶种植专业合作社 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of oil tea |
| CN110574660A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-17 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | production equipment and preparation method of camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix |
| CN111567300A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-25 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Planting method for improving fruit bearing rate of camellia oleifera |
| CN111758470A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-13 | 海南省农业科学院热带园艺研究所 | High-survival-rate drought-resistant afforestation method for oil tea |
| CN114190220A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-18 | 湖南天沃科技有限公司 | High-quality camellia oleifera cultivation method |
| CN114503870A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-17 | 安化县雄枫茶业有限公司 | High-yield planting method for tea |
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| CN111758470A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-13 | 海南省农业科学院热带园艺研究所 | High-survival-rate drought-resistant afforestation method for oil tea |
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| CN114503870A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-17 | 安化县雄枫茶业有限公司 | High-yield planting method for tea |
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Application publication date: 20180518 |